PHYSICS 285 EXPERIMENT# (1): Measurement of Absolute Temperature

Author: Ashpes Daniel S C02877252

--------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LAST NAME FIRST NAME M I.D. Number
Lab-Section W(3:25 – 6:35)P.M.
I. Objectives
In this experiment our goal is to experimentally determine the value of the absolute
temperature. Using the measured pressure of the gas, treated as ideal, we then will graph
the relationship between temperature and pressure. Using a linear fit graph we will be
able to see what the exact temperature is at a certain pressure.

II. Data
(a) Make a linear fit graph (c) The most general linear
of temperature (T) VS pressure function between pressure p and
(p) with T as vertical axis and p temperature t in Celsius is: P =
as horizontal axis. Your graph aT + b. What are the constants
should intercept the T-axis at a, and b ?
some point. This point is a (d) Show that the above
measure of the absolute linear equation can be
temperature. Record this transformed int another linear
temperature and evaluate: % equation of the form: P = kT
difference. Where P is the absolute pressure
(b) Would it make a and T is the absolute
difference in the value of temperature. Identify the
absolute temperature, had we constant k
made a linear fit of p vs T?
and why?
  P ( kpa )
T (C )
0 101.30
10 105.00
45 117.98
60 123.55
80 130.97
-10 97.60
-100 64.21
III. Analysis
a. Theoretical Value: -273.15 C
Experimental Value: -273.14

T Experimental −T Theoretical
% difference = ( T Theoretical ) ×100

Thus % difference = 0.004%

b. If we were to graph a linear fit of p vs t, we would have a difference in the value

of absolute temperature. This is because we would get an equation for pressure
based on temperature where temperature is the independent variable. This would
not give us an accurate experimental temperature as we need to confirm it using
pressure as the independent variable and temperature as the depended variable.
c. Given the general linear function: P = at + b
a is equal to 2.6964 and b is equal to -273.14

d. Given the equation P = kT where P is the absolute pressure and T is the absolute
temperature we can solve for the constant k.

101.30 kpa = k(-273.14 C)

101.3
k= = -0.3709
−273.14

IV. Conclusions
Through our analysis we can conclude temperature and pressure are directly
proportional. If pressure increases so does the temperature and vice versa. This
relationship can be model in two ways (see analysis C and D). Given these equations
we can find the temperature at any given pressure or the pressure at any given
temperature in this experiment. The extrapolated experimental value of the absolute
temperature was -273.14 °C. This value has a 0.004% error well within the range of
acceptable error.
PHYSICS 285 EXPERIMENT# (2): Avogadro’s Number and the Specific Heat of Metals
Author: Ashpes Daniel S C02877252
--------------------- -------------------- ---------- --------------------
LAST NAME FIRST NAME M I.D. Number
Lab-Section W(3:25 – 6:35)P.M.
I. Objectives
Using the first law of Thermodynamics we know that heat loss = heat gain. This
allows us to calculate the specific heat c of four elements: Fe, Pb, Al, Cu. Then
using specific heat c and the atomic mass we can determine an experimental value
of Avogadro’s number.

II. Data
Material of the specimen Fe Pb Al cu

Mass of water and cup 272.7g 202.6g 251.6g 275.0g

Mass of water 214.8g 144.7g 193.7g 217.1g

Mass of specimen 60.0g 60.0g 60.0g 60.0g

Initial temperature of water 24.2 C 24.0 C 24.0 C 24.0 C

Initial temperature of specimen 69.0 C 62.0 C 74.0 C 90.1 C

Final temperature of mixture 25.1 C 24.2 C 27.05 C 26.0 C

Submerged volume of thermometer 2 3 1.7 2

3
cm
Submerged volume of the stem of 10 5 8 5
3
the stirrer cm
Thermal capacity of metal part of 5.52 3.68 4.462 3.22


the stirrer cal c

Computed specific heat of specimen 0.1003 0.0165 0.27 0.131

cal / g . c
Accepted specific heat of specimen 0.11 0.0306 0.215 0.0924

cal / g . c
 55.845 207.2 26.9815 63.546
Atomic mass ma , amu
 9.27E-23 3.44E- 4.48E-23 1.06e-22
Atomic mass ma g
22
N 5.88E23 5.70E23 6.23E23 6.13E23
Avogadro 0
from the theoretical
formula

III. Calculations
a. To find specific heat capacity you must use the following equations:

Q=Mc T
Where:
M = Mass
C = Specific Heat
T = Temperature

Q ¿ = Q out
Q element = Qwater + QThermomater +Q Stirrer
M element ×C element ×T element =[ M water C water + M Cal C cal+ ( M thermo + M stir ) C thermo ] ×T water
Using this equation, we can solve for the specific heat of the element we
are testing.

b. To find Avogadro’s number:

6.0
Given: c= where:
N0 × Ma
C = specific heat
N = Avogadro’s number
M = atomic mass in grams

6.0
By re-arranging we get: N 0= which we can then plug our
c × Ma
computed values into.

c. Error Calculations
T Experimental −T Theoretical
Using: % difference = ( T Theoretical ) ×100 we can calculate

Fe Pb Al Cu
Specific Heat 8.82% 46% 25.5% 41.8%
error
Avogadro’s 2.36% 5.35% 3.45% 1.79%
number error

IV. Conclusion
 In this experiment we calculated the specific heat of four elements. This
was done using the first law of thermodynamics and rearranging the specific
heat equations. We then used those specific heats to calculate Avogadro’s
number. However, this lab has an unusually high amount of error. I believe
this is because the data we were given had error already. Potentially my
equation could be off but I have double check it five times. This lab has
established the relationship between the amount of atoms and total heat
capacity are relational.