File 7A

Permission, obligation and necessity

a. Cross out the modal verb that is NOT possible in the sentences.

1. We need to / We’ve got to / We can check out before 12, or the hotel will charge us
for another night.
2. When we were children, we couldn’t / shouldn’t / weren’t allowed to stay out late.
3. I should / must / ought to have packed some warmer clothes – I’m freezing!
4. You mustn’t / aren’t supposed to / don’t have to drop litter here, but many people
do.
5. Some members of my family couldn’t / needn’t / weren’t able to attend our wedding
because it was held abroad.
6. I mustn’t / needn’t / don’t have to study tonight, because my exams are over.
7. We ought to / should have / ‘d better look in on your mother this weekend. She
hasn’t been well.
8. We didn’t need to / didn’t have to / needn’t ring the bell, because the door was open.
9. You are supposed to / should / ought to see a doctor about that cough.

b. Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first using the bold words.

1. It is compulsory for motorcyclists to wear a helmet. TO

You __________________________________________ on a motorbike.

2. We regret buying such a big house. SHOULDN’T

We __________________________________________ such a big house.

3. I couldn’t wear jeans to work in my previous job. ALLOWED

I __________________________________________ jeans to work in my previous job.

4. The sign says ‘Don’t walk on the grass’, but nobody takes any notice. AREN’T
You _______________________________________ on the grass, but nobody takes any notice.

5. Please, turn off your laptop. It might interfere with the flight instruments. BETTER
You __________________________ your laptop. It might interfere with the flight instruments.

6. Camping is strictly prohibited in most national parks. AREN’T

You __________________________________________ in most national parks.

7. The best thing to do would be to apply for a transfer to a different department. TO

You really ___________________________________ for a transfer to a different department.

8. We took sandwiches, but they weren’t necessary. TAKEN

We __________________________________________ sandwiches.

9. You can’t use mobile phones in this carriage. NOT

The use of mobile phones __________________________________________ in this carriage.
VOCABULARY

Complete the sentences with a word formed with one of the prefixes and the words given,
and make any other necessary changes.

de- mis- out- over- pre- re- under- pro- anti-

AWAKE MATURE SCHEDULE

CHARGE MOTIVATE SMOKE
ESTIMATE NUMBER UNDERSTAND
GOVERNMENT PLAY VALUE
JUDGE RATE VIRUS

1. The organizers ________________ how many people would attend, so there weren’t
enough chairs.
2. We ________________ how long it would take us, so the ceremony was over by the
time we arrived.
3. My mother’s hair became ________________ grey when she was only 35. MATURE
4. Many countries have passed ________________ laws recently because of the increase
in tobacco-related illnesses.
5. Male students ________________ female students in the maths department of most
universities.
6. The band’s successful comeback tour has ________________ the public’s interest in
1990s music in general.
7. As far as I’m concerned, the book is completely ________________. I found it really
heavy-going.
8. George is very narrow-minded. He will only read ________________ newspapers and
won’t admit any criticism.
9. Their currency has been ________________ again in the hope that the move will halt
inflation.
10. As several people could not attend today’s meeting, it has been ________________ for
next Tuesday.
11. My boss’s negative attitude to everything is very ________________ for the staff.
12. The other team completely ________________ us and we lost 6-0.
13. I completely ________________ the instructions and I answered two questions
instead of one.
14. You need to install good ________________ software on this computer.
15. We’ll never go back to that restaurant. They tried to ________________ us on our bill
by €60.