Amza Maria Alina

Cls II F

HEPATITIS B

 What is hepatitis B?
 Hepatitis B is a liver disease, caused by a virus, the virus hepatitis B (VHB)
 Acute infection with hepatitis B virus can develop:
 for healing, with the development of lasting immunity against VHB
 severe, sometimes with death
 without signs of illness, the patient not knowing that he contacted VHB infection (about half of people
infected)
 VHB infection can persist throughout life (in 10% of people infected). In this case, the person becomes
a chronic carrier HBs antigen).
 VHB is found in chronic carriers in:
- blood
- semen / vaginal secretions
- other biological fluids
 Chronic infection can develop towards:
- chronic hepatitis
- liver cirrhosis
- primary liver cancer
What is a chronic VHB carrier?
 Persons who contracted the infection with VHB, apparent or not clinically, they can keep the virus in
their body throughout their lives and thus to pass it on to those around them.
What should a chronic VHB carrier do?
 Will ask the advice of the family doctor for the VHB vaccination a sexual partner and other uninfected
family members
 Will always use condoms in sexual relations with partners unimmunized
 Will communicate to the medical staff who cares for him about his status as VHB carrier
 Do not share personal hygiene objects with other persons: razors, toothbrushes, manicure tools, etc.
 Will not donate blood, sperm, tissues or organs
 Will use chlorine-based disinfectants to clean the surfaces sprinkled with blood
 Will collect in the plastic bags closed at the mouth the materials used for hygiene personal and those
containing blood, then the bags are thrown in place household garbage collection
 If you are a female person who wants to have a child, you will makes chronic HBV status known to the
family physician and obstetrician / neonatology; newborns who are infected at birth with VHB they can
become lifelong carriers, then they can transmit the virus other people and are very likely to develop
serious illness (cirrhosis and primary liver cancer)
 It will protect the skin lesions with occlusive dressings; it won't prepare food if it has bleeding lesions
in its hands
 Will consult with the family doctor on his way life, nutrition
VHB CARRIER STATUS (ANTIGEN HBs) CAN BE TESTED LABORATORY
Of the world's total population of 6 billion, 2,000 million people were already infected with hepatitis B
virus, 350 million have chronic and annual infection 1 million people die from chronic liver disease as a
result of infection with VHB. In Romania, there are approximately 2 million chronic VHB carriers.
BUT HEPATITE B CAN BE PREVENTED BY VACCINATION; THEREFORE, Vaccinate your!
HEPATITE B - A problem that you have to worry about!
 Hepatitis B virus infection should be treated seriously
 If you have reason to believe that you, or someone else in your environment, might be If you are
infected with HBV, talk to your family doctor
 You can also request information from the epidemiologist doctor from the Directorate Public Health or
the infectious disease doctor in hospitals
ASK QUESTIONS!
If you are at risk of getting infected with HBV, the best protection is vaccination:
 The vaccine is effective and safe; it does not contain blood components nor living liver virus
 Complete vaccination means the administration of THREE successive doses of vaccine in the arm
(deltoid muscle) during 6 months
 In Romania, all newborns are vaccinated free of charge:
 the first dose, immediately after birth, at maternity
 the next two doses, at 2 and 6 months, to the family doctor
 To date, more than 30 have been administered worldwide millions of doses of vaccine.
ALL NEWBORNS MUST VACCINE AGAINST HBV!
Who should get the VHB vaccine?
 All teenagers
 All adults who have risky behaviors for contracting of VHB infection, it may become infected
 People with professional risk
THE VACCINE IS AVAILABLE IN PHARMACIES!
Who is at risk for HBV infection?
 Children born to mothers infected with VHB
 Sexual partners of persons infected with VHB
 The sanitary personnel
 People who have (needle) injections with needles and syringes and needles:
 Injectable treatments
 Intravenous drug users
 People who use hygiene objects in common with other people personal: razors, toothbrushes, nail
polishes, etc
 People who tattoo or pierce their skin for earrings with needles
Is there a treatment for hepatitis B virus?
 There is no treatment against hepatitis B virus
 Therefore it is important to prevent the contracting of the VHB infection:
 Reducing the number of sexual partners
 Correct use of the condom
 Reducing the number of injectable treatments and performing them only by authorized and / or
qualified persons
 VHB vaccination
What are the signs of illness?
 Some people infected with VHB have no signs or symptoms disease
 If VHB infection develops with clinical signs, they may be:
 headache and fatigue, drowsiness
 Loss of appetite
 yellowing of eyes and skin
 urine staining and discoloration of stools
 fever, joint pain
 abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting
IN THIS CASE, THE MEDICAL CONSULTATION IS NECESSARY!
How is HBV transmitted?
 Through sexual contact
 Through blood and other biological fluids, which contain VHB
 From the mother who carries the VHB, which transmits the virus to her child:
 before birth
 during birth
 after birth
How is VHB NOT transmitted?
 Regular social contacts
 Shaking hands, hugging
 Cough, sneeze
 Water, food, dishes

Amza Maria Alina

Gls II F