Chapter 2 Network Configuration Designing Precautions to be observed when introducing a printer server Printer — Printer Lae tee eee | Cy Giient Client * Precautions to be observed when introducing a printer server There’ate two modes of sharing a printer: (1) Using a printer server and connect the printer directly to the LAN. (2) Connecting the printer directly to the server. Note that connecting the printer directly to the LAN will increase the traffic on the network. 234 Al Rights Reserved Copyright (0) 203, Hitech information ‘academy Co. LidChapter 3 Address DesigningChapter 3 Address Designing @Address design flow Designing host addresses. 8. Address Designing 3.1 Address Design Flow The Ethemet uses the MAC address and TCP/IP uses the IP address to identify the counterpart system to be communicated with, Consequently, necessary to allocate these addresses over the network so that they do not overlap. Since MAC addresses that are unique throughout the world (global addresses) are presently established when NICs are shipped, there is no need for the system designer to design these addresses. On the other hand, IP addresses are assigned by the network administrator and therefore addresses need be designed by the user. This section shows the flow of processes that are necessary for designing IP addresses. @® Determining the IP address type Determine which of global addresses, private addresses, or local addresses are to be used. ® Designing network addresses Determine what type of network addresses is to be used according to the scale of the target network, When using global addresses, use the network address that you are given, ® Designing subnetwork addresses If it is necessary to divide one network into two or more subnetworks, determine their subnetwork addresses and net masks. ® Designing host addresses Determine the addresses to be assigned to the hosts. ed, Copyright(c) 2008, Hitachi InformationChapter 3 Address Designing (Supplemer ‘Number of networks; 12 Number of hosts: 18.77.214 WP aosees (SSSA) ee caierces =* —Nost eae addresses New — Of 7 bis iz 1135 owas (GsEB Number of netwo Number of hose | —_ Network addroes Host adéress W[oléeis | abies ents ow255——O~ a5, [Number ct networks: 2.087.152 Number ot hosts: 254 Network address — et ee +o) Soi [a its Bois ee 192-225 O~285 —O~2ES O28 114 da bits} a bits Bbits a bits 226~799 - O~255———«O~ 28S ———COn OB ‘it teem] eke | aie wore ee ee {Supplement] IP addresses (@ IP address format An TP address has a hierarchical structure in which the 32-bit area is divided into the network number and host number fields. An IP address is expressed by decimal 8-bit numerals, separated by periods. G@) IP address class The lengths of JP Classes A, B, and C that are available as classes of host addresses are 8, 16, and 24 bits, respectively. They can be selected according to the number of nodes to be connected to the network, In addition to these classes, class D is available for multicast addresses, and class E for experimental addresses. The class of an IP address is identified by examining the first 4 bits of the address, (iii)Defining IP addresses Define an IP address for each end system or relay device that uses the TCP/IP protocols. 3-2Chapter 3 Address Designing IP address types and determination procedure No ee ~——Lonnectto Internet? ‘Yes Get global addresses Number of gI addresse jlobal 3.2 IP Address Types and Determination Procedure ‘When designing IP addresses, determine firstly which of global, private, or local addresses are to be used. (1) Global addresses Get global addresses from NIC or provider whea your network is to connect to the Internet. Formerly, you could get any of classes A, B, C network addresses according to the scale of your network. Presently, however, an address exhaustion problem has arisen and it is common to obtain several global IP addresses or subnetwork addresses from an ISP. (2) Private addresses Any hosts that are to connect to the Internet basically need to obtain a global address, The address exhaustion problem, however, necessitates you to use both private and global addresses if it is impossible to cover all hosts with given global addresses. ‘The ranges of available private addresses are as follows: 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255 (3) Local addresses Any of classes A, B, and C addresses can be used freely if your hosts are not to connect to the Internet. 33 AD Rights Reserved, Copyright (2) 2003, MixchiInforestonChapter 3 Address Designing [Supplement] Address translation NAT IP masquerade slate source? i IP address IP address or source port number sane. || Desens | Router : = T 172.1640. 172.16.10.2 tare) We. 172.16.0.0 472.16,0.0 [Supplement] Address translation When connecting to the Internet using a private address, it is necessary to translate the source address from a private address to a global address. This address translation is accomplished normally by the router or firewall through which the host connects to the Internet. The router or firewall performs address translation using wither the NAT or IP masquerade technique. (1) NAT NAT translates. between global and private addresses on a one-on-one basis. When two or mote global addresses are pooled arid a communication that needs to connect to the Internet occurs, the private address of the source host is translated into an’ unused global address for communication. (2) IP masquerade ‘The IP masquerade function translates between global and ptivate addresses on a many-to-one basis, When a communication that needs to connect to the Internet ‘occurs, the private address and port aumber of the source host are translated into a global address and an unused port number for communication. 3-4 All Rights Reserved, Copyright (c} 2003, Witacht Information