Chapter 4 Performance-oriented Design ‘Dividing a LAN using a router _-{ Conditions | ‘Traffic per division (Mbps) LAN conditions Eeestin | HiomaienBy [accarieta] [LAM scses= meted | OSMUAED macro [ a 5 08 Fnaremison speed | oboe Pee as oa LAN act ato. 120% Tanai | 02 = a 7 108 ofthe Was broadens daa, re {infomation DW. 1 Sales Div. Information Di. Accounting Dv. = HEMP (1.9Mops)—{(1.8Mbps) ——_(1.4Mbps) ie ‘Accounting Div. (1.8+0.522.3Mbps) (2) Dividing a LAN using a router Ifa LAN is divided into segments using a router, the traffic on the LAN can be distributed because neither intersegment communication nor broadcast communication occur. If intersegment communications are to be relayed by a sepment, however, the traffic on thal relay segment will be increased. For plan 1, for example, since the communications between the sales and information divisions flow through the accounting segment, the traffic on the accounting segment looks like as shown below Communication within the accounting division + Communications| between the accounting division and other segments + Communications between the sales division and the information For plan 2, on the other hand, each of the sales, information, and accounting segments carry only the communications that pertain to its own. The trunk line carries only the traffic that runs across segments. Consequently, the traffic is distributed evenly into the segments. 47 AIT Rights Reserve, Copyright (2) 2003, teach ‘Go,, Lad Infoanstion AcwuayChapter 4 Performance-oriented Design Forwarding performance 4.4 Performance Design of a LAN Switch 4.4.1 Forwarding Performance The total of the traffic on the segments that are connected to a LAN rieeds to be smaller than or equal to the forwarding performance of that LAN switch. Total traffic per port S Forwarding performance 48 ‘All Rights Reserved, Copytight (6) 2003, Hitachi ‘Information Academy Co., LdChapter 4 Performance-oriented Design ‘Performance degradation due to Averare deta value per ayatern traffic concentration Ae-stend eysteme: 200 —_____. {WWW access: 2.9 Kbps WWW server_Flleserver_ DB server | Be, ‘server access: 58.5 Kbps B server access: 760.0 Kbps Omer (conta information, 21): 0.5 Kbps i L2 switch | Link aggrogati > 100Mbps x2 La switch 100Mby 100Mbps| 4 sees) | E2switeh |~---—--"| 2 switeh 10 switches 1OMbps ~~ -— — = 20 clients. 20 clients: 4.4.2 Performance Degradation due to Traffic Concentration ‘Traffic concentrates on servers and cascade junctions. Consequently, the 10 ‘Mbps traffic capacity of each cable may become inadequate. ‘To cope with this problem, calculate the traffic that can flow in each cable and take the following countermeasures: * Use high-speed cables that have a transmission speed of 100 Mbps or 1 Gbps. * Use the link aggregation technique to connect to a single destination with two or more cables for load distribution. For example, calculate the traffic and find the required transmission specd as follows: 3.9 + 58.5 + 780.0 + 0.5 = 842.9 Kbps (for 1 system) 842.9 x 20 = 16858 Kbps = 16.9 Mbps (for 20 systems) 842.9 x 200 = 168580 Kbps = 168.6 Mbps (for 200 systems) 49 sie need cog (208 st Infomation Acdemy CoChapter 4 Performance-oriented Design ‘Traffic calculation for full duplex Average deta volume per system communications No. of end systems: ~ 3 WWW eerver File server DB server | WWW atvess: pares ovine | Fle server access: Up seam 13.5Kops Down stream 45.0Kbps DB server access: Up stream 160.0Kops | Down stream 600.0Kbps | there (control information, etc}: Up stream 0.25Kbps Down stream O.25Kbps_| 1 } Link aggregation _| 100Mbpsx2_< LS switch 12 switeh |---| L2 switch | “10 switches 10Mbps 4.4.3 Traffic Calculation for Full Duplex Communications Calculate the tratfic of transmitted data and that of received data separately if full duplex communication is to be doue between ai end system and a LAN switch or between LAN switches. Caloulate the traffic as follows: ‘Traffic of 1 system Client to server (up stream): 0.9 + 13.5 + 180.0 + 0.25 = 194.65 Kbps Server to client (down stream): 3.0 + 45.0 + 600.0 + 0.25 = 648.25 Kbps Traffic between L2 switch (client connection) and 13 switch L2 switch to L3 switch (up stream): 194.65 x 20 = 3893 Kbps = 3.9 Mbps L3 switch to L2 switch (down stream): 648.25 x 20-= 12965 Kbps = 13.0 Mbps Traffic between L3 switch and switch (server connection) L3 switch to L2 switch (up stream): 194,65 x 200 = 38930 Kbps = 38.9 Mbps 12 switch to L3 switch (down stream): 648.25 x 200 = 129650 Kbps = 129.65 Mbps From the calculation results, determine the transmission speed to the greater of the traffic values for the up and down streams. 4-10 ATI Riphs Reserved, Copytight (¢) 2003, Hhachi Information Academy Co., TidChapter 4 Performance-oriented Design #Route Selection Study the communications route between the client (LAN1) and server (LANS) Route 1 ... Although there are three relaying LANs, the load on the LANs is Tower because the LANs use 100BASE-TX. Route 2 ... Although there are two relay LANs, the load on the LANs is higher because the LANs use 10BASE-T. 4.5 Route Selection Ina network system in which there are two or mote communications routes between end systems, the appropriate route must be selected based on the following considerations: * Throughput Select the route so that the overall throughput is minimum, considering the transmission speed of the pathway networks and the possible delays caused by the devices (routers, etc.) to be connected. + Network performance Large loads are placed on the intermediate networks because they carry large traffic volumes. Consequently, select networks with quite adequate performance as pathway routes. * Security Packets on pathway networks are subject to wiretapping. Accordingly, select the networks with less socurity risk as pathway routes. * Cost If there networks that entail high communications hosts, select the networks that require ower communications costs as pathway routes. Consider and study the pertinent items listed above when designing the pathway Toutes. When routers are to be used to control communications routes, it is necessary cither to adopt static routing or a routing protocol, such as OSPF, that allows route selection. 4a ‘Nb ig nese, Copy (20, tc {hfornaton Academy Cn.