Chapter 3 Address Designing DHCP 172.16.0.0 o 172.16.284.254 | HUB —L—. | Router |.___ DHCP server 5 172.16.10.1 172.16.10.11 (Lease) 172.16.10.12 (Lease) ‘Subnet mask: 255.255.0.0 Gateway: 172.168.254.254 DHCP server definition (example) ‘Address pool: 172.16,10.14~172,16.10.99 3.5.1 DHCP IP address assignment to the hosts can be automated by introducing DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol). The table below summatizes the differences between the systems with DHCP and without DHCP. DHCP Used DHCP Not Used Address + The IP address is automatically + The IP addresses are assigned assignment ‘obtained from the server. by the administrator manually. 4 IP addresses are assigned dynamically | * The assigned IP addresses are (one address is leased from the fixed, address pool). + TLis possible to automatically assign ‘the subnet mask and the addresses of ‘the DNS server and default gateway. Advantages + The workload on host expansion and | + The addresses are always the address alteration is reduced. same, + The volume of settings for the hosts + There is no need to prepare a ‘that are frequently relocated to other dedicated server. networks is reduced. Disadvantages} * Not suited for hosts such as servers + Reconfiguration is required thet are frequently accessed by other when a host is relocated to ‘hosts as their address is not fixed, ‘another host. + Ibis necessary to prepare a dedicated | + A large workload occurs when server. ‘overall address alteration becomes necessary throughout the network. 3-11 igs Reserved, Copytigh (¢) 2003, Mitac InfomationChapter 3 Address Designing ‘Host name Public services, Router Connect to the internat 3.6 Host Name Although the IP adéress is used to identify the destination host in TCP/IP, it is common to for a user to use the host name when specifying the destination host in a practical situation, When the host name is used to designate the destination, a inechanism of translating the host name to an IP address becomes necessary, The HOSTS file or DNS is used for this purpose. Generally, Internet or intranet sczvers make use of DNS for name resolution and other servers often use the HOSTS file. The table below summarizes the differences between DNS and HOSTS file name resolution methods. DNS. ‘HOSTS Advantages + ‘The workload on address + Basy to use because there is no alteration is smaller becanse the need to prepare a dedicated server. information about the host names | + No traffic occurs for name and IP addresses is stored on the resolution, server. + Applicable to large-scale networks because hierarchical management is possitie, Disedvuntages. | + The construction of a dedicated + The workload on address server is required. + All hosts cannot receive name resolutions once the server goes down. + Traffic for name resolution ocoms, therefore this method is not suited for large-scale networks. “AN! Rishts Reserved, Copveight (¢) 2003. Thachi Tefocnstice 3-12 alteration is larger because the information about the host names and TP addresses is stored on all hosts, * Its necessary to enter all information into all hosts andChapter 3 Address Designing Address design example vuNs vue vane aM sectenreaes senishi90R4 waea tees lsasameans, 3.7 Address Design Example This section shows an example of designing addresses in a network configuration in which the need to connect the Internet exists and both global and private addresses are to be used. The network configuration is summarized below. * The public servers are placed on network 2 (DMZ) and the servers common within the company are placed on VLANI. * The network is divided into subnetworks and a subnetwork is assigned to each divisioa using the VLAN technology. + Access from the company to the Internet is allowed only through HTTP and FTP, via a proxy server. * Global addresses are used for networks 1 and 2 and private addresses are used for intranetwork (VLAN). Translation between the global and private addresses is done at the proxy server. «IP network address 200.1.1.0/25 is assigned by the ISP for the global addresses. ‘Number of Hosts Network Address Subnet Mask (aux) Network 1 200.1.1.6 255.255.255.192 62 Network 2 200.1.1.64 255.255.235.192 62 ‘VLANO, 192.168.1.0 255.255.2550 254 VLAN 192.168.10.0 235.255.2550 254 ‘VLAN? 192.168.11.0 255,255.25: 254 VLAN3 192.168.12.0 255,255.25: 234 ‘VLANS 192,168.13.0 255,255.255.0 234 VLANS 192,168.14.0 255.255.2550 254 3-13 All Rights erved, Copyright (=) 2003, Hitachi informationChapter 4 Performance-oriented Design