Chapter 5 Reliability-oriented Design VRRP hon te nea) an. \ Remote network) Remote network Master start c XY A Improved + reliability \Virtust IP address: A| a -& 5.5 VRPP Addresses are. divided into MAC addresses and network addresses (IP addresses). VRRP (Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol) is a technique in which the backup router automatically succeeds the IP address of the master router when it goes down. VRRP is standardized as RFC2338. In VRRP, a virtual IP address is assigned to two or more routers. This address is defined as the gateway of the end system. In this case, the router is designated as the master or backup router according to its priority. When the router in the master state goes down, the router in the backup state succeeds the virtual IP address and therefore the user need not reconfigure the end system or switch end systems. In addition, there is also a technique of reconfiguring the gateway dynamically by adding RIP or OSPF services to the server. 35 AIL Rights Reserved, Copyright (c) 2003, Mitac InformationChapter 5 Reliability-oriented Design Server's redundancy configuration &) os 5.6 Server's Redundancy Configuration (2 interfaces The two LAN adapters on a server can be used to distribute the workload on the network and construct a redundancy configuration. When it becomes unable to keep up communication through one LAN adapter, the client can maintain the access by changing the TP address to be accessed. (2) LAN failover One LAN adapter is used for a standby system. When the active LAN adapter cannot maintain communication, the LAN adapter in the standby system succeeds the IP address, so that no reconfiguration is required on the client side, This scheme, however, cannot handle failures that occurred on the server itseif. (3) Cluster configuration A.cluster configuration is a mode of running two or more servers as a single server. Even when a failure occurs on one server, the active application is succeeded to the other server, so that the application is never suspended. Since this scheme cannot cope with disk errors, its necessary to introduce a RAID or similar configuration for that purpose. In either configuration, since any failures occurring on a LAN switch (HUB) cannot be coped with if the server's interface connects directly to one LAN switch only, the interface must be connected to each of the two LAN switches, 56 All Rights Reserved, Copyrieht (<) 2003. Sitachi InformationLoad balancer [=| ==> Load betancer = Balancing modes On a source address basis On a connection basis, ‘On a session ID basis (HTTP) To virtual 1P address LO ———+ i 5.7, Load Balancer A load balancer is a LAN switch (14 to L7 switch) that distributes accesses from clieats to two or more servers on a session basis or according to the cookie variable or server load (response time). The load balancer allows the client to make use of the server services without being aware of the fact that there are two or more servers, It is commonly used to alleviate the bottlenecks of WWW servers which have become prominent with the recent introduction of intranet technology. The load balancer also makes it possible to implement a redundancy configuration because even if a failure occurs on one server, its job can be succeeded and handled by another server. ts Reserved, Copyright (c) 2003, Hitch fnformaiionChapter 6 Security-oriented Policy