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Modeling and simulation of integrated CUK converter for grid connected PV

system with EPP MPPT hybridization

Conference Paper · October 2015

DOI: 10.1109/PCITC.2015.7438199

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 2015 IEEE Power, Communication and Information Technology Conference (PCITC)
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India.
Modeling and Simulation of Integrated CUK
Converter for Grid Connected PV System with EPP
MPPT Hybridization
Sidharth Samantara, Basab Roy, Renu Sharma
Electrical Engineering Department
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University
Bhubaneswar, India
Sidharth1oct@gmail.com,basabroy12@gmail.com,
renusharma@soauniversity.ac.in
Abstract— This paper presents the modeling and simulation of
integrated CUK converter with EPP MPPT for grid connected
photovoltaic system. Integrated CUK converter is presented
for the use as a high gain boost (step- up) converter whose
switch operates in continuous conduction mode. MPPT
controllers are used in PV system to track the maximum
power due to its poor efficiency. The system is designed in
MATLAB/SIMULINK and the simulation results shows the
comparative analysis of high gain integrated CUK converter
with conventional CUK converter for grid connected
photovoltaic system.
Keywords-PV system; EPP MPPT; Integrated CUK
converter; Grid connection
I. INTRODUCTION
In the recent era, renewable energy sources are the most
viable option for power generation as they can meet the
growing power demand without any environmental
hazards. Among all renewable energy sources, solar energy
has given extra-ordinary potential to the future research in
this particular field. PV system is now rapidly employed in
various applications through both stand-alone and grid
connected system [1].
Solar energy conversion system can be divided in two parts.
First one is the solar PV system i.e. the conversion of solar
energy into electricity and second one is the solar thermal
system i.e. the conversion of solar energy into heat. Solar
PV system is an intermediate to generate electricity from
the photon energy. But the main limitation of this system is
the lower efficiency (6-30%) [2]. In order to overcome this
problem, maximum power point tracking (MPPT)
controller is employed in the PV system to extract the
maximum power from the PV module. Perturb and Observe
technique, Incremental conductance technique, Ripple
correlation technique, Current/voltage feedback technique
etc are some MPPT techniques [3]. Most widely used
MPPT method is Perturb and Observe (Hill Climbing)
method due to easier implementation with less cost but it
fails to track the maximum power when the irradiance is
978-1-4799-7455-9/15/$31.00 ©2015 IEEE
Satish Choudhury, Bibekananda Jena
Electrical Instrumentation & Control Engineering
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University
Bhubaneswar, India
satishchoudhury@soauniversity.ac.in,bibekanandajena@
soauniversity.ac.in
rapidly changing. So alternative to Perturb and Observe
method, incremental Conductance method is used which
can track the maximum power even at rapid changing in
irradiance but the disadvantage is the complex in design
[4]. So this paper presents an Estimated Perturb-Perturb
(EPP) method which corresponds to conventional P and O
method with double perturb and one observe.
The maximum power extracted by the MPPT can be
transferred to the load through a DC/DC converter. There
are various types of DC/DC(step up/step down) converters
and CUK converter is one of them. It is similar to buck-
boost converter but the energy transfer capability is higher.
Generally its energy transfer is based on the capacitor
energy transfer due to which input current is continuous. As
a result, it has lower switching losses with high efficiency
[5]. After getting the effective DC power, the main purpose
is to satisfy the different loads and grid interconnection.
Grid interconnection of photovoltaic system requires an
inverter circuit for conversion of DC power to AC power.
This inverter output power satisfies the AC loads and the
surplus power is transferred to the grid through two
transformers (minimum) and transmission lines. First
transformer is used to step up the voltage coming from
inverter to a level of transmission line capacity and the
second transformer is used to step up/down to match the
voltage with the grid voltage. Before transferring the AC
power, the presence of harmonic contents should be
checked out and filtered out [6].
In this paper an integrated CUK converter which gives a
steep step up output voltage has been proposed with EPP
MPPT connected to grid. Section II discusses the modeling
of the PV Module/array while section III (deals with the
modeling) explains the algorithm of the EPP MPPT
controller. The advantages and the state space analysis of
an integrated CUK converter has been proposed with EPP
MPPT connected to grid in section IV, V and VI
respectively.
.
 2015 IEEE Power, Communication and Information Technology Conference (PCITC)
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India.

II. MODELING OF PV SYSTEM

PV cell is the intermediate that generate electricity from

the photon energy and some PV cells are grouped to
constitute a PV module [7]. Equivalent circuit diagram of
PV cell is shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 2. I-V curve of 280W PV module

Fig. 1. Equivalent circuit of PV Cell

Applying Kirchhoff’s Current Law at the junction of

photo current Iph, Diode current ID, shunt resistance Rsh and
the series resistance Rse, we get
I = I ph − I D − I sh (2.1)
  V + IR se    V + IR se  (2.2)
I = I ph − I 0 exp   − 1 −  
  VT    R sh 

Where I is the Cell current, I0 is the reverse saturation

current, V is the cell voltage, VT is the thermal voltage.
In order to develop the model of a 280W solar
photovoltaic module, a real PV module WS-280
manufactured by WAAREE Solar has been considered as a
standard module. The original PV module contains 72 cells Fig. 3. P-V curve of 280W PV module
and the series connection is chosen in order to generate the
specified voltage from the simulated model. Following
table I shows the key specification of the PV module under III. EPP MPPT
Standard Test Conditions (STC).
Estimated Perturb-Perturb MPPT method is the
TABLE-I improved version of conventional Perturb and Observe
method. In the conventional one, the present power ‘P(k)’ is
KEY SPECIFICATION OF WS-280 PV MODULE UNDER STC
compared with the previous power ‘P(k-1)’. If the power get
Electrical Characteristics WS-280 increases, then the next voltage change should be considered
in the same direction otherwise change the voltage in the
Nominal Maximum Power 280W reverse direction and this process leads to more fluctuations
Optimum Operating Voltage 35V in output under rapidly changing weather conditions. But in
EPP MPPT method, one estimate mode is considered
Optimum Operating Current 8A between two perturbs and that estimation controls the
Open Circuit Voltage (VOC ) 43V system with respect to changing in irradiance which
improves the MPPT performance. It also provides higher
Short Circuit Current (ISC ) 8.68A tracking speed without reduction in the tracking accuracy.
Temperature Coefficient of ISC(Ki) 0.005A/ 0C Fig. 4 shows the algorithm for the Estimate-Perturb Perturb
method.

The I-V and P-V curve of 280W module is shown in

Fig.2 and 3 respectively.
 2015 IEEE Power, Communication and Information Technology Conference (PCITC)
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India.

ratio, the converter is required to operate with higher duty

cycle and to create that duty cycle, a faster comparator is
needed by the control circuit. But there are some chances of
failure of control circuit at higher switching frequency due
short duration conduction time of diode.
Due to this reason, an integrated CUK converter is
proposed in this paper which includes two diodes and two
Input capacitors and provides steep output voltage .The
output of integrated CUK converter is controlled by MPPT
duty cycle. Fig. 5 and 6 shows the circuit diagram of CUK
converter and Integrated CUK converter respectively. In
integrated CUK converter, when the switch is ON, the
inductor (L1) is charged by Vdc and the capacitors (C1,C3)
are discharged. In a similar manner when the switch is
OFF, the inductor (L1) gets discharged and the capacitors
(C1,C3) are charged in parallel. As a comparison with
conventional CUK converter the integrated CUK converter
offer a steep step up output voltage.

Fig. 4. Algorithm of EPP MPPT

IV. INTEGRATED CUK CONVERTER

Cuk converter is basically the cascade combination of a
boost and a buck converter. It has many benefits as
compared to all other converters like buck, boost, buck-
boost converters. If CUK converter is compared with buck-
boost converter, then the second one is cheaper but the input
current is discontinuous and output current is pulsated with
poor transient response where as CUK converter has the Fig. 6. Circuit diagram of Integrated CUK converter
reverse characteristics to that of buck-boost converter and
offers capacitive isolation which defends against switch
failure[8].

The design parameters values are shown in table II [9].

TABLE II
DESIGN PARAMETERS OF CUK CONVERTER

Sl. PARAMETER VALUES

No
1. Inductance[ L1 ,L2] (mH) 5,5
2. Capacitance [C1,C3] (µF) 5,5
3. Capacitance[C2] (µF) 2.5
Fig. 5. Circuit diagram of CUK converter 4. Load resistance R(Ω) 25
5. Non-ideal resistance[r] (Ω) 0.01
But it fails to provide the steep step up/down voltage
needed by several applications. For high voltage conversion
 2015 IEEE Power, Communication and Information Technology Conference (PCITC)
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India.

V. STATE SPACE ANALYSIS inverter with filter circuit which is interfacing with the
While the switch of the converter is ON then it acts as a grid through transformers and transmission line.
time invariant system. Similarly when it is OFF then the
converter acts as a different time invariant system. By state
space averaging the converter can be modeled as a time
variant system[10].State space averaging is analyzed by
taking inductor current and capacitor voltage as state
variables. Equations (5.1)-(5.4) represents the state space
equations for conventional CUK converter.

dI L1 1 1
= −(1 − D) VC1 + Vdc (5.1)
dt L1 L1 Fig. 7. Block diagram of grid connected PV system

dI L 2 D I The voltage generated from the PV is stepped up/down

= IL2 − L2 (5.2)
dt L2 L2 using DC-DC converter as per the requirement which is
further converted to ac using an inverter. Due to presence
of ripples at the ac output, a filter circuit is inserted at the
dVC1 I L1 I output to make it ripple free. This ripple free output power
= (1 − D) − L 2 D (5.3)
dt C1 C1 can fed to the grid if it satisfy the following three
conditions such as same frequency, amplitude and phase
angle of voltage [6].
dVC 2 I L 2 VC 2
= − (5.4)
dt C2 RC2 VII. SIMULATION MODELS AND RESULTS

In order to verify the integration of the high gain

Equations(5.5)-(5.9) represents the state equations for (integrated) CUK converter with respect to the
integrated CUK converter. conventional CUK converter, the simulation model has
been developed using MATLAB/SIMULINK and is shown
in Fig. 8. The input to the integrated CUK converter is fed
dI L1 (1 − D) V by photovoltaic module and the switch is controlled
=− VC 3 + dc (5.5)
through the duty ratio provided by the estimated perturb-
dt L1 L1
perturb maximum power point tracker.

dI L 2 1 D 1
= VC1 + VC 3 − VC 2 (5.6)
dt L2 L2 L2

dVC1 D
= − I L2 (5.7)
dt C1

dVC 2 1 1
= I L2 − VC 2 (5.8)
dt C2 RC2

dVC 3 D
= − IL2 (5.9)
dt C3

VI. GRID CONNECTED PV SYSTEM

Block diagram of a grid connected PV system is shown in Fig. 8. Simulation model of PV system with Integrated CUK converter
Fig. 7. It consists of PV module, DC-DC converter and
Fig. 9 shows the output voltage waveform of the
conventional CUK converter connected to PV module. As
 2015 IEEE Power, Communication and Information Technology Conference (PCITC)
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India.

the output voltage of the PV module is 43 volts, the

converter is boosting that voltage to 53 volts with ripple
contents even after getting the constant path where as the
integrated CUK converter makes it 126 volts with steep
output waveform and the corresponding output waveform
is shown in Fig. 10.

Fig 11. Simulation model of grid connected PV system with Integrated

CUK converter

The steady step up voltage of integrated CUK converter is

Fig. 9. Output voltage waveform of conventional CUK converter
fed to the inverter to satisfy the load along with the grid if
surplus power is available. Here 126 volts is generated
through the proposed converter and is stepped up to 11kV
via inverter and a step-up transformer then transmitted
through a transmission line. Finally, at the receiving end
another step-up transformer is required to step up the
voltage to 25kV which is satisfying the grid voltage. The
grid voltage and grid current waveforms are shown in Fig.
12 and 13 respectively.

Fig. 10. Output voltage waveform of integrated CUK converter

MATLAB/SIMULINK of grid connected PV system

with integrated CUK converter via voltage source inverter
is shown in Fig. 11.
Fig 12. Grid voltage in volts
 2015 IEEE Power, Communication and Information Technology Conference (PCITC)
Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar, India.

[7] Yuncong Jiang, Jaber A.Abu Qahouq, Mohamed Orabi,

‘‘Matlab/Pspice Hybrid Simulation Modeling of Solar PV
Cell/Module’’ in Applied Power Electronics Conference and
Exposition(APEC),2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE 2011,pages
:1244-1250 .

[8] Latifah Mohamed, Nurul Farhana Abdul Hamid, Zainuddin Mat Isa,
Norshafinash Saudin, Nur Hafeizza Ramly, Nor Baizura Ahamad,
‘‘Cuk Converter as a LED Lamp Driver’’in 2012 IEEE International
Conference on Power and Energy (PECon), 2-5 December 2012, Kota
Kinabalu Sabah, Malaysia.

[9] Michael G. Giesselmann, ‘‘Avareged and cycle by cycle switching

models for buck ,boost, buck-boost and cuk converters with common
average switch model’’in Energy conversion engineering
coferences,1997,IECEC-97,proceeding of the 32nd intersociety.

[10] C.A. Nwosu, ‘‘State-Space Averaged Modeling of a Nonideal Boost

Converter’’ in The Pacific Journal of Science and Technology,
Volume 9. Number 2. November 2008.

Fig 13. Grid current in amps

VIII. CONCLUSION
An integrated CUK converter for photovoltaic
applications with grid connection is proposed in this paper.
This paper analyzed the concept of the adopted converter
with EPP MPPT algorithm. From the result of the
simulation, we concluded that this proposed converter
performed as a high gain boost converter in a successful
manner and get stable in very short interval of time.

IX. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The Authors would like to express their gratitude to the
authorities of Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan University.

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[3] Trishan Esram, Patrick L. Chapman, ‘‘Comparison of Photovoltaic

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[4] Md. Fahim Ansari, Dr Atif Iqbal, ‘‘Control of mppt for photovoltaic
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[5] Azadeh Safari,Saad Mekhilef, ‘‘Simulation and Hardware

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