d

HAIL HYDRA : TEAM MEMBERS

TEAM MEMBER ENROLMENT NUMBER

Aayush Meena 2018meb1198

Abhay Chilkoti 2018meb1199

Aditya Rajak 2018meb1204

Aman Saini 2018meb1207

Anand Kumar 2018meb1210

Divyanshu Garg 2018meb1221

AVRUDDHA : A BRIEFING ON
 AVRUDDHA : Raison d'être

Not only for an ambitiously developing country like India ,it would be undesirable for any nation to
lose lots of lives and property for any unwanted cause whatsoever. Railways are often called as
the backbone of India for being one of the most important . There is a need for manual checking
to detect the crack on railway track and always railway personnel takes care of this issue, even
though the inspection is made regularly. Sometimes the crack may remain unnoticed. Because of
this the train accident or derailment may occur. In order to avoid this situation and automate the
railway crack detection has been proposed. Here ultrasonic sensor is used to detect the crack in
the railway track by measuring distance from track to sensor, if the distance is greater than the
assigned value the microcontroller identifies there is a crack, also it tells the exact location of the
crack by the formula “DISTANCE=SPEED*TIME”. While the checking process is going on, the train
may approach, it is identified by the vibration sensor and gives alert to the microcontroller,
thereby shrinks the size of the robot between the two tracks. After the train has crossed it returns
to its normal position and continue its checking process.
 AVRUDDHA : THREE FACES

ULTRASONIC CRACK DETECTION

AVRUDDHA
RAILWAY
MANAGEMENT

INFRARED SENSING LIVE THERMAL MAPPING

PRIMARY SENSORS USED:

1. Ultrasonic Crack Detection

HC-SR04-Ultrasonic Range Finder

https://robu.in/product/hc-sr04-ultrasonic-range-finder/

2. Infrared Sensing

IR Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor Module

https://robu.in/product/ir-infrared-obstacle-avoidance-sensor-module/
3. Live Thermal Mapping

Adafruit AMG8833 IR Thermal Camera

https://www.adafruit.com/product/3538

ULTRASONIC CRACK DETECTION: BASIC SCHEMA

 ULTRASONIC CRACK DETECTION: TECHNICAL DETAILS

1. ANGLE OF OPERATION :

The HCSR04 ultrasonic sensor uses sonar to determine distance to the horizontal level of the
railway track, i.e. noncontact range detection with high accuracy and stable readings. The
prototype developed by the team has the range 2cm to 400 cm or 1” to 13 feet. It operation is not
affected by sunlight or black materials. It is thus a double sensor with ultrasonic transmitter and
receiver module.

Practical test of performance: best in 30 solid angle

The ultrasonic sensor emanates almost parallel ultrasonic sound waves but at the time of striking
the target, there is an inevitable dispersion and hence a solid angle which is subtended by that
non-parallel reflection. The aforementioned ultrasonic sensor is no exception and the data
corresponding to that solid angle is shown in the graph above. Empirically the sensor works best
when the object of interest lies inside the arc of 30.

2. THE SONIC OPERATION:

As indicated in the timing diagrams above, HCSR04 must receive a pulse of high (5V) for at least
10us, this will initiate the sensor will transmit out 8 cycle of ultrasonic burst at 40kHz and wait for
the reflected ultrasonic burst. When the sensor detected ultrasonic from receiver, it will set the
Echo pin to high (5V) and delay for a period (width) which proportion to distance. To obtain the
distance, measure the width (Ton) of Echo pin.
Time = Width of Echo pulse, in S (micro second)
● Distance in centimetres = Time / 58
● Distance in inches = Time / 148

3. SUMMARY OF SPECIFICATIONS:

● Power Supply :+5V DC

● Quiescent Current : <2mA
● Working Currnt: 15mA
● Effectual Angle: <15°
● Ranging Distance : 2cm – 400 cm/1" 13ft
● Resolution : 0.3 cm
● Measuring Angle: 30 degree
● Trigger Input Pulse width: 10 s
● Dimension: 45mm x 20mm x 15mm

THERMAL SENSING : BASIC SCHEMA

The next pillar of our railway managem

THERMAL CAMERA : BASIC SCHEMA

Thermal camera is used in the prototype for live sensing of the track