HISN-ul-MUSLIM (Hindi) PDF

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1428-2007
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* izkDdFku 11
* ft+Ø dh Q+t+hyr 13
1 gL+b ;] hfug] s] afb sL b'cfPF 19
2 sk8Þf kxgg] sL b'cf . 24
3 gof sk8Þf kxgg] sL b'cf . 24
4 gof sk8Þf kxgg] jfn] sf] Sof b'cf bL hfP 25
5 sk8Þf ptf/] tf] Sof k9Þ] < 25
6 zf}rfno -a}t'n&vnf_ d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] sL b'cf . 26
7 zf}rfno -a}t'n&vnf_ ;] lgsng] sL b'cf . 26
8 j'h" z'? s/g] ;] kxn] sL b'cf . 26
9 j'h" ;] kmfl/uÞ xf]g] s] afb sL b'cf . 27
10 3/ ;] lgsnt] ;do sL b'cf . 27
11 3/ d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]t] ;do sL b'cf . 28
12 dl:hb sL cf]/ hfg] sL b'cf . 29
13 dl:hb d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] sL b'cf . 30
14 dl:hb ;] lgsng] sL b'cf . 31
15 chÞfg sL b'cfPF . 31
16 gdfhÞ z'¿ s/g] sL b'cfPF . 33
17 ?s"cÞ sL b'cfPF 38
18 ?s"c ;] p7g] sL b'cfPF . 39
19 ;hb] sL b'cfPF . 40
20 bf]gf]+ ;hbf]+ s] aLr a}7g] sL b'cfPF . 42
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٤
21 ;hbf ltnfjt\ sL b'cf . 43
22 tzx\x'b\ sL b'cf . 44
23
tzx\x'b s] afb gaL s/Ld k/ b'¿b z/Lkm . 44
24 cflvÞ/L tzx\x'b\ s] afb cf}/ ;nfd km]/g] ;] kxn] 45
sL b'cfPF .
25 gdfhÞ ;] ;nfd km]/g] s] afb sL b'cfPF . 50
26 gdfh+] Ol:tvÞf/f sL b'cf . 56
27 ;'axÞ\ cf}/ zfd s] chÞ\sf/ cf}/ b'cfPF . 58
28 ;f]g] s] ;do sL b'cfPF . 71
29 /ft sf] s/j6 abn\t] ;do sL b'cf . 79
30 gL+b d]+ a]r}gL cf}/ 3a\/fx6\ sL b'cf . 80
31 sf]O{ cfbdL a'/f VÞjfa -:jKg_ b]v] tf] Sof s/]< 80
32 s'g"t] ljq sL b'cf . 81
33 ljq sf ;nfd km]/g] s] afb sL b'cf . 83
34 uÞd\ cf}/ lkmqm ;] ghft kfg] sL b'cf 83
35 a]sÞ/f/L tyf a]r}gL sL b'cf . 84
36 b'Zdg\ tyf zf;g clwsf/L ;] d'nfsÞft s] ;do 86
sL b'cf .
37 Zff;s\ s] cTofrf/ ;] 8/g] jfn] sL b'cf . 87
38 b'Zdg\ k/ ab\b'cf . 88
39 ha ls;L sÞf}d ;] 8/tf xf] tf] sf}Gf;L b'cf k9Þ] < 88
40 lh;] ckg] O{dfg d]+ zs\ xf]g] nu] tf] jx ox 89
b'cf k9Þ] .
41 sÞh{ -C0f_ sL cbfouL s] lnP b'cf . 89
42 gdfhÞ d]+ of sÞ'/cfg k9Þt] ;do pTkGg xf]g] jfn] 90
j:f\j;f]+ ;] arg] sL b'cf .

43 p; cfbdL sL b'cf lh; k/ sf]O{ sfd d'lZsn 90
xf] hfP .
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٥
44 u'gfx s/ a}7] tf] sf}Gf;L b'cf k9Þ] cf}/ Sof s/] < 91
45 jx b'cfPF hf] z}tfg tyf p; s] j:f\j;f]+ sf] b"/ 91
s/tL x}+ .
46 gfk;GbLbf jflscfÞ k]z cfg] of a]a;L sL b'cf 92
47 lh; s] oxfF sf]O{ cf}nfb k}bf xf] p;] ls; k|sf/ 93
d'af/s\afb -b'cf_ bL hfP cf}/ lh;] d'af/s\afbL

bL hf /xL xf] jx d'af/safb b]g] jfn] s] lnP
Sof sx] <
48 aRrf]+ sf] lsg slndft s] ;fy cNnfx sL kgfx 94
d]+ lbof hfP .

49 aLdf/ k';L{ s] jSt d/LhÞ s] lnP b'cf 94
50 aLdf/ k';L{ sL kmhÞLnt\ . 95
51 p; d/LhÞ sL b'cf hf] ckgL lhÞGbuL ;] dfo"; 95
xf] r'sf xf] .

52 hf] cfbdL d/g] s] sÞ/La xf] p;] yk bykgk 97
bYyYykg k9Þfof hfP .

53 lh;] sf]O{ d';Lat\ kx'Fr] jx ox b'cf k9Þ] . 97
54 d}lot\ sL cfFv]+ aGb s/t] ;do sL b'cf . 97
55 gdfhÞ] hgfhÞf sL b'cf . 98
56 aRr] k/ gdfh hgfhÞf sL b'cf . 100
57 tf\lhÞot\ -d}lot s] 3/ jfnf]+ sf] t;NnL b]g_] sL 101
b'cf .
58 Df}lot sf] sÞa| d]+ ptf/t] ;do sL b'cf 102
59 d}lot sf] sÞa| d]+ bkmg\ s/g] s] afb sL b'cf 103
60 sÞa/f]+ sL lhÞof/t\ sL b'cf . 103
61 cf¡wL sL b'cf 104
62 Affbn\ u/ht] ;do k9ÞL hfg] jfnL b'cf . 104
63 afl/z\ dfFug] sL s'5 b'cfPF . 105
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٦
64 afl/z\ pt/t] ;do sL b'cf . 105
65 afl/z\ vTd xf]g] s] afb sL b'cf . 106
66 afl/z\ ?sjfg] s] lnP b'cf . 106
67 Gfof rfFb b]vg] sL b'cf . 106
68 /f]hf vf]nt] ;do sL b'cf . 107
69 vÞfgf vfg] ;] kxn] sL b'cf . 107
70 vfg] ;] kmfl/uÞ xf]g] s] afb sL b'cf . 108
71 d]xdfg sL b'cf vfgf lvnfg] jfn] d]hÞafg s] 109
lnP .
72 hf] cfbdL s'5 lknfP of lknfg] sf O/fbf s/] 109
p; s] lnP b'cf .
73 ha ls;L 3/ jfnf]+ s] oxfF /f]hÞf Okm\tf/ s/] tf] 110
pg s] lnP ox b'cf s/] .

74 b'cf ha vfgf xÞflh/ xf] cf}/ /f]hÞfbf/ /f]hÞf g 110
vf]n] .
75 /f]hÞfbf/ sf] ha sf]O{ ufnL b] tf] Sof sx] < 110
76 kxnf kmn\ b]vg] s] ;do sL b'cf . 111
77 5L+s sL b'cf . 111
78 ha sflkm/ 5L+st] ;do cn\xÞdb\ 'lnNnfx sx] tf] 112
p; s] lnP Sof sxf hfP <

79 zfbL s/g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf . 112
80 zfbL s/g] cf}/ ;jf/L v/Lbg] sL b'cf . 113
81 lhdfcÞ -;+Def]u_ ;] kxn sL b'cf . 113
82 uÞ':;f cfhfg] s] jS+t sL b'cf . 114
83 ls;L aLdf/L of d';Lat\ d]+ d'Atnf cfbdL sf] 114
b]v] tf] ox b'cf k9Þ] .

84 dhln; d]+ k9Þg] sL b'cf . 114
85 dhln;\ s] u'gfx b"/ s/g] sL b'cf . 115
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٧
86 hf] cfbdL sx] -uÞkm/Nnfx' nsf__ cyf{t cNnfx 115
t'em] aVÞz b] p; s] lnP b'cf .

87 hf] cR5f ;'n"s s/] p; s] lnP b'cf . 116
88 jx b'cf lh;] k9Þg] ;] cfbdL bHhfn s] lkmt\g] 116
;] dxÞ\km"hÞ /xtf x} .
89 hf] cfbdL sx] d'em] t'd ;] cNnfx s] lnP 116
df]xÞAat\ x} p; s] lnP b'cf .

90 hf] cfbdL t'Dxf/] lnP ckgf dfn k]z s/] p; 117
s] lnP b'cf .
91 sÞhÞ{ -C0f_ cbf s/t] ;do sÞh{ b]g] jfn] s] lnP 117
b'cf .
92 lzs{ ;] 8/g] sL b'cf . 118
93 Tkks vkneh dgs% ^^vYykg rq>s cjdr ns** rks mlds 118
fy, D;k nqvk dh tk;s----------------

94 cnQkyh dks ukilUn djus dh nqvk=============== 118
95 ;jf/L k/ ;jf/ xf]g] sL b'cf 119
96 ;km/ sL b'cf 120
97 ls;L ufjF of zx/ d]+ bflvn\ xf]g] sL b'cf 121
98 afhÞf/ d]+ bflvÞn xf]g] sL b'cf 122
99 ;jf/L s] lkm;n\g] of lu/g] s] ;do sL b'cff 122
100 D'f;flkm/ sL b'cf d'sÞLd s] lnP 122
101 Df'sÞLd sL b'cf d';flkm/ s] lnP . 123
102 lQj ds nkSjku ts\aL/ cf}/ t:aLxÞ 123
103 d';flkm/ sL b'cf ha ;'axÞ\ s/] . 124
104 ;km/ s] bf}/fg ha d';flkm/ ls;L dlGhÞn\ 124
-d'sÞfd_ k/ pt/] p; ;do sL b'cf

105 ;km/ ;] jfk;L sL b'cf . 124
106 vÞ'z s/g] jfnL of gf k;GbLbf rLhÞ k]z cfg] 125
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٨
k/ Sof sx] <
107
/;"n'Nnfx k/ b¿b sL kmhÞLnt\ 126
108 ;nfd sf] km}nfgf . 127
109 ha sflkm/ ;nfd sx] tf] p;] ls; t/x hjfa 129
lbof hfP .
110 d'uÞ{ af]ng] cf}/ ubxf xL+ug] s] ;do sL b'cf . 129
111 /ft d]+ s'Qf]+ sf e"Fsgf -tyf ubxf]+ sf xL+ugf_ 130
;'gs/ ox b'cf k9Þ] .

112 p; cfbdL s] lnP b'cf lh;] t'd g] a'/f enf 130
sxf -of ufnL bL_ xf] .

113 sf]O{ d'l:nd ha ls;L d'l:nd sL tf/Lkm s/] tf] 131
Sof sx] <

114 ha ls;L d';ndfg cfbdL sL tf/Lkm sL hfP 131
tf] jx Sof sx] <

115 xÞHh of pd/f sf OxÞ\/fd afFwg] jfnf s};] 132
tn\laof sx]<
116 xÞh/] c:jb\ jfn] sf]g] k/ cNnfx' cs\a/ sxgf 132
rflxP .
117 ?s\g] odfgL cf}/ xÞh\/] c:jb\ s] b/ldofg sL 133
b'cf .
118 ;kmf cf}/ d/jf k/ 7x/g] sL b'cf . 133
119 c/kmf -(h'n\lxÞHhf_ s] lbg sL b'cf . 134
120 e'k~vjs gjke ds ikl dh nqvk 135
121 tejkr dh jeh ds le; gj dadjh ds lkFk rd~chj 135
¼vYykgq vd~cj½ dguk

122 tcHh'a of v'zL s] ;do sL b'cf . 136
123 [kq'k[kcjh feyus ij D;k djs < 136
124 hf] cfbdL ckg] abg\ d]+ bb{ dxÞ;"; s/] jx sf}Gf 137
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٩
;L b'cf k9Þ] <
125 ftl dks viuh gh ut+j yxus dk Hk; gks rks og 137
D;k djs \
126 ?kcjkgV ds le; D;k dgk tk, 138
127 cfd hfgj/ of pm¡6 hÞaxÞ s/t] jSÞt sL b'cf . 138
128 ;/sz\ z}tfgf]+ sL vÞ'lkmof tbaL/f]+ s] tf]8Þ s] 138
lnP b'cf .
129 tf}af j Ol:tuÞkmf/ s/gf -cNnfx ;] aÞlVzz\ cf}/ 138
dfkmL dfFugf_
130 rLchg ¼lqCgkuYykg½] rgehn ¼vYgenqfyYykg½] 142
rgyhy ¼yk bykgk bYyYykg½ vkSj rdchj ¼vYykgq

vd~cj dgus½ dh Qt+hyr
131
uch rLchg dSls i<+rs Fks< 148
132 vusd izdkj dh usfd;k vkSj tkfev vknkc 148
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cf}/ cfk ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ g] km/dfof hf] cfbdL
cNnfx sL lstfa d]+ ;] Ps xÞkm{ -zAb_ k9Þ] p; s] lnP O;
s] abn] d]+ ,d usdh feyrh gS vkSj ,d usdh ¼de ls de½ nl
xquk dj nh tkrh gSA d}+ ox gxL+ sxtf ls clnkm\ nfd dLd
Ps xÞkm{ -zAb_ x} alNs clnkm\ Ps xÞkm{ x} nfd Ps xÞkm{ x}
cf}/ dLd Ps xÞkm{ x} . -lqldhÞL %÷!&% cf}/ b]lvP ;xLx lqldh+L
#@(, ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldO:;uÞL/ %÷#$)_
M !P7II g GL P ,M I } I I aI : GF HF M P(I h 9I p R I ` R I( ^
PnF 5IeK (M P (I I
9F$^ P )F F I7K
M 9F$^ ;` P I# S @L I M P I# K )F c
~ 7R M# 4P \L ~#)F )) : GF Fe&F nR S ~ $ 9R&
(( f 4̀!R/I nR I PR HF .F I 4̀K^ ^ PF 9P &R ^ P#I IP @F ^ PIHF I
^ M PR 9I 6RuI&F ^ PeR I $K
9!F$^ 4P @L M !I/)F MP I# % F &F)F )) : GF FH . - I $R c ~ 7 R M g GF P ,M I I# : IK eL &F
P !R M !F$ z PaI S dI I vN (I gm ^ I@R P R ^PII#B )FI eK I# P )F 4I F P I&F R ^ P I $K
P !RI q̀!I
P )F P R M $F z PaI qz
IP )FI %F F P R M $F zPaI x % F FI ^PIHF I
(( ^
^3^$K I R N 2R 1R I(P )F
psÞ\af lag\ cÞfld/ -_ km/dft] x}+ ls xd ;'ˆkmf d]+ y] ls
/;"n'Nnfx ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ 3/ ;] lgsn] cf}/
km/dfof -- t'd d]+ ;] sf}g x} lh;] ox k;Gb xf] ls x/ lbg
a't\xÞfg of cÞsÞLsÞ jfbL sL cf]/ hfP cf}/ jxfF ;] a8ÞL a8ÞL
sf}xfgf]+ jfnL bf] pmF6lgofF n]s/ cfP cf}/ p;] p; d]+ g
sf]O{ u'gfx xf] cf}/ g l/Ztf]+ gftf]+ sf] tf]8Þgf . __ xd g]
sxf P] cNnfx s] /;"n xd ;eL nf]u ox k;Gb s/t] x}+ .
cfk ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ g] km/dfof tf] t'd d]+ ;]
sf]O{ dl:hb d]+ Sof]+ gxL+ hftf tfls cNnfx sL lstfa sL
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١٧
bf] cfot]+ ;Lv] of k9Þ], ox p; s] lnP bf] pmF6lgof]+ ;]
a]xt/ x},+ tLg cfot]+ xf]+ tf] tLg pmF6lgof]+ ;] a]xt/ x}+ cf}/
rf/ cfot]+ rf/ pmF6lgof]+ ;], O;L k|sf/ lhtgL cfot]+ xf]+
ptg] pmF6f]+ ;] a]xt/ x}+ . - d'l:nd !÷%%#_
x I 6R
g I R R PF(I TP I F@ R P&R
^@L KOI# 4P $F =I eK I I I HF P I )): GF FHI
(( x I 6R
g I R R PF(I T
P I F@ R P&R
^ @L OK I# 4P $F = I" P I qI
I F p
P ^ I I
cf}/ cfk ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ g] km/dfof hf] zV;
ls;L P];L hux a}7f lh; d]+ p; g] cNnfx sf] ofb g
lsof tf] jx cNnfx sL t/km\ ;] p; s] lnP g's\;Þ fg sf
;aa xf]uL cf}/ hf] zV; ls;L hux n]6f lh; d]+ p; g]
cNnfx sf] ofb g lsof tf] jx -n]6gf_ p; s] lnP cNnfx
sL cf]/ ;] g's;fgb]x ;flat xf]uf .
-ca"bfpmb $÷@^$cflb cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldc\Þ %÷#$@ _
!IM# 4P $FI R P&R M@L OK I# 4P $F =R P I ;z P HF I FdI I )) : GF FHI
4P 'M $F I F F t I K Î 4P 'M
IOS (I t I K 3^F& x I 6R 4P '^ PF(I F F@.S ^ 4P '^ J5Î 9F(I
cf}/ cfk ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ g] km/dfofM
ha sf]O{ sÞf}d ls;L dhln; d]+ a}7\][ cf}/ p; hux cNnfx
sf] ofb g s/] cf}/ ckg] gaL k/ b?b g k9Þ] tf] P];L
dhln; pg s] lnP g's;fgb]x ;flat xf]uL . lkm/ cu/
cNnfx rfx] tf] P];L sÞf}d sf] chÞfa b] of pGx]+ dfkm s/
b] . - lqldhÞL cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!$)_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١٨
.S ^ R !P&R
F P M @L OK I#.F ` R P I P R F P M P eL I# ;` P HF P R I )) : GF FHI
(( = I
P /I 4P 'M $F F F@I ` I/R nR F Pd^ ^ ?KR P (I PM FH
cf}/ cfk ;NnNnfx' cn}lx j;Nnd\ g] km/dfofM
ha sf]O{ sÞf}d P];L dhln; ;] p7tL x} lh; d]+ pGxf]+ g]
cNnfx sf lhÞqm g lsof xf] tf] jx ubx] sL -ab\a"bf/_ nfz
h};L rLh+ ;] p7tL x} cf}/ jx dhln; pg s] lnP gljr
o unker dk dkj.k xf]uL . -ca"bfpmb $÷@^$ , d':gb\ cx\db\
@÷#*( cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldc\Þ %÷!&^_
1- gL+b ;] hfug] s] afb sL b'cÞfP+
(( M P o
M ~$ R P$FÎ I6I I)F II P
I I I/P )F Q
P OR $S R $R M P 7
I $KF )) -1
!= ;a tf/Lkm]+ cNnfx s] lnP x}+ lh; g] xd]+ df/g] s] afb
lhÞGbf lsof cf}/ p;L sL t/km\ p7s/ hfgf x} .
-a'vÞf/L kmt\xÞ'n\af/L s] ;fy !!÷!!# , d'l:nd $÷@)*# _
I 2M I M P 7
I $K M $FI -
M K M $K M $F M $F -
I P#^ I .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F^ .F )) 2

h I h .S ^ I !F$^ .F I R $R M P 7I $KI g F I75P,M . z P#R HF tk VP I @L 9F(I
((9P $R P R K mJ I 4^ PR I $K VJ R I $K R $ ^
.S ^ F N HL.F I GF P /I F.I M 5I@K )F
@= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ eL Oafbt s] nfos+ gxL+, jx
cs]nf x}, p;sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ , p;L s] lnP afbzfxL x}
cf}/ p;L s] lnP ;a tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞflb/
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١٩
x} . cNnfx kfs x} cf}/ ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} cf}/
cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf df\Þa"b gxL+ cf}/ cNnfx ;a ;]
a8Þf x} cf}/ a'nGbL cf}/ ch\dt\ jfn] cNnfx sL dbb\ s]
lagf g ls;L rLhÞ ;] arg] sL tfst x} cf}/ g s'5 s/g]
sL s'Jjt . P] d]/] /a d'em] aVz b] .
- hf] cfbdL /ft sf] ls;L eL ;do hfu] cf}/ hfug] s] afb ox b'cf
k9Þ] tf] p;] aVÞz lbof hftf x}, lkm/ olb sf]O{ b'cf s/] tf] p; sL b'cf
sÞa"n xf]tL x}, lkm/ olb p7 v8Þf xf] j'h" s/] cf}/ gdfhÞ k9Þ] tf] p; sL
gdfhÞ sÞa"n xf]tL x} . a'vf/L kmt\x'n\af/L s] ;fy #÷#( , zAb OAg]
dfhf s] x}+ b]lvP ;xLx OAg] dfhf @@##%_
9P !R/P M VN !F(I 1N I I Q
P R
I dI 9P &R 9P ^ F& I( Q
P OR $S R $R M P 7
I $KF )) Z
. (( R ^ @K OR
^ VP $R F R )FI
#= ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} lh; g] d]/] abg\ sf] x/
ls+:d sL aLdfl/of]+ ;] kfs /vf cf}/ d]/L hfg sf] d]/] abg\
d]+ nf}6f bL cf}/ d'em] ckg] lhÞqm sL Ohfh+t bL .
-lqldhÞL %÷$&# cf}/ ;xL lqldhL #÷!$$_
É#≈n=ÏF÷z$#uρ ÇÚö‘F{$#uρ ÏNüθ≈yϑ¡¡9$# È,ù=yz ’Îû "χÎ) 
tβρãä.õ‹tƒ tÏ%©!$# ∩⊇⊃∪ É=≈t6ø9F{$# ’Í<'ρT[{ ;M≈tƒUψ Í‘$pκ¨]9$#uρ È≅øŠ©9$#
È,ù=yz ’Îû tβρã¤6xtGtƒuρ öΝÎγÎ/θãΖã_ 4’n?tãuρ #YŠθãèè%uρ $Vϑ≈uŠÏ% ©!$#
WξÏÜ≈t/ #x‹≈yδ |Mø)n=yz $tΒ $uΖ−/u‘ ÇÚö‘F{$#uρ ÏNüθ≈uΚ¡¡9$#

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È≅½zô‰è? tΒ y7¯ΡÎ) !$sΨ−/u‘ ∩⊇⊇∪ Í‘$¨Ζ9$# z>#x‹tã $sΨÉ)sù y7sΨ≈ysö6ß™
!$sΨ−/§‘ ∩⊇⊄∪ 9‘$|ÁΡr& ôÏΒ tÏϑÏ=≈©à=Ï9 $tΒuρ ( …çµtF÷ƒu“÷zr& ô‰s)sù u‘$¨Ζ9$#
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yŠ$yèŠÎRùQ$# ß#Ï=øƒéB Ÿω y7¯ΡÎ) 3 Ïπyϑ≈uŠÉ)ø9$# tΠöθtƒ $tΡÍ“øƒéB Ÿωuρ y7Ï=ß™â‘
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(#θè=tG≈s%uρ ’Ì?‹Î6y™ ’Îû (#ρèŒρé&uρ öΝÏδÍ≈tƒÏŠ ÏΒ (#θã_Í÷zé&uρ (#ρãy_$yδ
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ßŠ$yγÎRùQ$# }§ø⁄Î/uρ 4 ãΜ¨Ζyγy_ öΝßγ1uρù'tΒ ¢ΟèO ×≅ŠÏ=s% Óì≈tFtΒ ∩⊇∉∪ Ï‰≈n=Î6ø9$#
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É=≈tGÅ6ø9$# È≅÷δr& ôÏΒ ¨βÎ)uρ ∩⊇∇∪ Í‘#uö/F|Ïj9 Ö öyz «!$# y‰ΨÏã
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(#θäÜÎ/#u‘uρ (#ρãÎ/$|¹uρ (#ρã É9ô¹$# (#θãΨtΒ#u šÏ%©!$# $yγ•ƒr'¯≈tƒ ∩⊇∪
(٢٠٠-١٩٠‫)
ل ان‬ 〈 ∩⊄⊃⊃∪ šχθßsÏ=øè? öΝä3¯=yès9 ©!$# (#θà)¨?$#uρ
$= a]zs\ cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hÞdLg sL k}bfOz\ cf}/ /ft lbg s]

x]/&Qsj d]+ cSÞn\ jfnf]+ s] lnP lgzflgofF x}+ . hf] v8Þ] , a}7] ,
cf}/ n]6] x/ xÞfnt\ d]+ cNnfx sf] ofb s/t] x}+ cf}/ cf;dfgf]+
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٢٢
cf}/ hÞdLg sL k}bfOz\ d]+ ;f]r&fopkj djrs x}+ cf}/ sxt] x}+
P] xdf/] /a t"g] OGx]+ a]ds+\;b gxL+ k}bf lsof x} . t" kfs x}
ctM xd]+ hxGgd s] chÞfa ;] arf n] . P] xdf/] /a lh;sf]
t" g] hxGgd\ d]+ 8fnf tf] cjZo p;] t" g] ?:fjf lsof cf}/
hÞflndf]+ sf sf]O{ dbb\uf/ gxL+ . P] xdf/] /a xd g] Ps
k'sf/g] jfn] sf] ;'gf hf] O{dfg s] lnP k'sf/ /xf yf ls
ckg] /a k/ O{dfg nfcf] tf] xd O{dfg n] cfP . P] xdf/]
/a xdf/] u'gfxf]+ sf] dfkm km/df b] cf}/ xdf/] u'gfxf]+ sf] xd
;] ld6f b] cf}/ d/g] s] afb xd]+ g]s aGbf]+ s] ;fy s/ b] .
P] xdf/] /a t"g] lhg lhg rLhÞf]+ s] af/] d]+ xd ;] ckg]
k}u+ÞDa/f]+ s] hÞafgL jfb] lsP x}+ jx xd]+ ctf s/ cf}/
lsÞofdt\ s] lbg xd]+ ?:fjf g s/gf . O; d]+ s'5 zs\ gxL+
ls t" jfbf lvÞnfkmL gxL+ s/tf . pqukaps muds jc us mudh
nqvk d+cwy dj yh fd rqe esa ls fdlh dke djus okys ds dke
dks pkgs og enZ gks ;k vkSjr eSa dHkh u"V ugha djrk] rqe
vkil esa ,d nwljs ls gks] blfy, og yksx ftUgksa us fgt~jr dh
vkSj vius ?kjksa ls fudky fn;s x;s vkSj ftUgsa esjh jkg esa d"V
nh xbZ vkSj ftUgksa us ftgkn fd;k vkSj ’kghn fd, x,] eSa
vo'; mudh cqjkbZ;k¡ muls nwj dj nw¡xk vkSj vo'; mUgsa mu
tUurksa esa ys tkÅ¡xk ftu ds uhps ugjsa cg jgh gSa] ;g gS
lokc ¼iq.;½ vYykg dh vksj ls vkSj vYykg gh ds ikl
csgrjhu cnyk gSA rq>s dkfQjksa dk uxjksa esa pyuk fQjuk /kks[ks
esa u Mky nsA ;g rks cgqr gh FkksM+k ykHk gS] mlds ckn mudk
fBdkuk tgUue gS vkSj og cqjk LFkku gSA ysfdu tks yksx vius
jc ls Mjrs jgs muds fy, tUursa gSa ftu ds uhps ugjsa cg jgh
gSa] mu esa og ges'kk jgsa xs ;g esgekuh gS vYykg dh vksj ls
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vkSj usd yksxksa ds fy, tks dqN vYykg rvkyk ds ikl gS og
cgqr gh csgrj gSA vo'; vgys fdrkc esa ls dqN ,sls Hkh gSa
tks vYykg rvkyk ij bZeku ykrs gSa vkSj rqEgkjh vksj tks
mrkjk x;k gS vkSj mudh vksj tks mrjk ml ij Hkh] vYykg
rvkyk ls Mjrs gSa vkSj vYykg rvkyk dh vk;rksa dks
FkksM+h&FkksM+h d+her ij csprs Hkh ugha] mudk cnyk muds jc ds
ikl gS] fu%lUnsg vYykg rvkyk tYn fglkc ysus okyk gSA ,s
bZeku okyks! rqe MVs jgks vkSj ,d nwljs dks Fkkes j[kks vkSj
ftgkn ds fy, rS;kj jgks vkSj vYykg rvkyk ls Mjrs jgks
rkfd rqe dke;kc gksA ¼vky bezku%190&200½
-a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n\ af/L s] ;fy *÷@#& , d'l:nd !÷%#)_
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I S?$ ) FO2I 9P ^ I@F Q
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%= ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} lh; g] d'em] ox -sk8Þf_
kxgfof cf}/ d]/L ls;L tfsÞt\ s] auÞ}/ d'em] ctf lsof .
-ca"bfpmb , lqldhÞL , OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP Ojf{pn\ uÞnLn\ &÷$&_
3- gof sk8
sk8Þf kxgg]
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^= P] cNnfx t]/] xL lnP tf/Lkm x} t" g] d'em] ox kxgfof ,
d}+ t'em ;] O; sL enfO{ cf}/ lh; rLhÞ s] lnP O;] agfof
uof x} p; sL enfO{ rfxtf x"F . cf}/ O; sL a'/fO{ ;] cf}/
lh; rLhÞ s] lnP O;] agfof uof x} p; sL a'/fO{ ;] t]/L
kgfx rfxtf x"F . -ca"bfpmb ,lqldhL , auÞjL cf}/ b]lvP z}vÞ
cn\afgL -/lx_ sL lstfa d'VÞt;/ zdfOn lqldhL k[i7 $&_
4- gof sk8
sk8Þf kxgg]
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P M#I 9P R5P6M )) -7
& = t" O;] k'/fgf s/] cf}/ cNnfx tcfnf O; s] afb cf}/
H+ofbf sk8+] ctf s/] .
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P M I =PR /I
P (R I =P#R dI
P 5^$K^ 8
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zxLb xf] s] d/ . - OAg] dfhf @÷!!&* auÞjL !@÷$! cf}/ b]lvP
;xL OAg] dfhf @÷@&%_
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sk8fÞ ptf/]
ptf/] tf]
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6- a}t'n&vnf -zf}rfno_ d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] sL b'cf
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vÞaL;lgof]+ -g/ cf}/ dfbf z}tfgf]+_ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F .
- a'vf/L !÷$% d'l:nd !÷@*# z'? d]+ lal:dNnfx sL j[l4 ;'gg\ ;cLb
lag\ dG;"/ d]+ x} . b]lvP kmt\x'n\af/L !÷@$$
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!!= -P] cNnfx d}+_ t]/L aVÞlzz\ dfFutf x"F .
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tv/Lh h+fb'n dcfb @@#*&)
8- j'h" ;] kxn] sL b'cf

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!@= cNnfx s] gfd ;] z'? s/tf x"F .
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lx:g'n d'l:nd
٢٦
9-j'h" ;] kmfl/uÞ\ xf]g] s] afb sL b'cf
=!N7
I M S )F M 'I P )FI M $F -
I P#^ I .F M I /P I
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(( M $LP ,M I I M M 5P(I
!#= d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls cNnfx s] cnfjf sf]O{ df\a"b gxL+ .
jx cs]nf x} , p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ cf}/ d}+ ujfxL b]tf
x"F ls d'xÞDdb p; s] aGb] cf}/ /;"n x}+ . -d'l:nd !@@)(_
(( I P#^ 'J F IM $K I R 9P ^K I dP I I P
^NN$ I R 9P ^K I dP 4N 'M S$F )) 14
!$= P] cNnfx d'em] ax't clws tf}af s/g] jfnf]+ d]+ ;] agf
b] cf}/ d'em] kfs ;fkm /xg] jfnf]+ d]+ ;] agf b] .
-lqldhL !÷&*cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL !÷!* _
I M R P I,P )F T
I P)F .S ^ I $^ .S K )F M 'I P )F I R P 7
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(( - I P$F^ m
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!%= P] cNnfx t" x/ P]a ;] kfs x} cf}/ t]/] xL lnP ;a
tf/Lkm x} . d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls t]/] l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf df\a"b
gxL+ . d}+ t'em ;] dfkmL rfxtf x"F cf}/ t'em xL ;] tf}af
s/tf x"F . - Odfd g;fO{ sL lstfa cdn'n\ of}ld jNn}nf k[i7 !&#
cf}/ b]lvP Ojf{pn\ unLn !÷!#% tyf @÷($ _
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lx:g'n d'l:nd
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!^= cNnfx s] gfd ;] . d}+ g] cNnfx k/ e/f];f lsof cf}/
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x} g s'5 s/g] sL tfsÞt . -ca"bfpmb $÷#@% , lqldhL %÷$()
b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhL #÷!%! _
GS ]I )L P )F GS ]^ )F P )F S p
I )L P )F S p
R )F K )F -I
^L P (M )F 9P J^ 4N 'M $F )) 17
(( 9N F(I F 'I
P M# P )F F 'I dP )F P )F 4I FjK )L P )F 4I RjK )F P )F
!&= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F O; aft ;] ls
u'Df/fx xf] hfpmF of d'em] u'Df/fx lsof hfP of d}+ lkm;n\
hfpmF of d'em] lkm:fnfof hfP of d}+ ls;L k/ h'Nd s?F of
sf]O{ d'em k/ h'Nd s/] of d}+ ls;L k/ lhxfnt\ j gfbfgL
s?F of sf]O{ d'em k/ lhxfnt\ j gfbfgL s/] .
-ca"bfpmb , lqldhL , lg;fO{ , OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLx lqldhL
#÷!%@ cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf @÷##^ _
11- 3/ d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]t] ;do sL b'cf
(( IK @S I 6I I
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;fy lgsn] cf}/ ckg] /a cNnfx xL k/ xd g] e/f];f
lsof .
fQj og vius ?kj okyksa dks lyke djsA
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dks glu dgk gS] nsf[k;s i`"B 28] vkSj lghg eqfLye esa gS fd% ^^ tc vkneh
vius ?kj esa nkf[ky gksrs le; vkSj [kkuk [kkrs le; vYykg dk ft+dz djrk
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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gS rks ’kSrku dgrk gS rqEgkjs fy, jkr fcrkus dh txg gS u [kkuk**A eqfLye
2018_
12-dl:hb sL t/km\
t/km\ hfg] sL b'cf
9P R P ,I 9P &RI =PM 9P ^ I$R 9P &RI =PM 9P 5^K HF 9P &R K I dP 4N 'M $F )) 19
P !I(I =PM 9P R7 P 6I P R I =PM 9P HRP &F P R I =PM Q
P ^ I
I 9P &RI =PM
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K !I dP I =PM 9P $R 4P (I I =PM 9P $R 4P R (P )FI =PM 9P g K I 9P &R K I dP I
9P 5^!I(I 9P !R& K I dP I =PM 9P ^R (P )F N4'M $ =PM 9P ^K I dP I =PM 9P $R
9P !R&I =PM Q P ^ P I 9P &RI =PM 9P R I1 9P &RI =PM 9P R 7 P $F 9P &RI =PM
[VR !F(R V!R& =P MI ..0^ 5PHF V&R =P M VP $R K I dP 4N 'M S$ ] =PM Q P ^ oI
I
(([` P M 9F(I =P M V$R c P 2I I ] [=P M V^1P ]^ I =P M V^1P ]^ I =P M V^1P ]^ I ]
!(= P] cNnfx d]/] lbn\ d]+ g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/L hÞafg d]+ g"/
agf b] cf}/ d]/] sfgf]+ d]+ g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/L cfFvf]+ d]+ g"/
agf b] cf}/ d]/] pmk/ g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/] gLr] g"/ agf b]
cf}/ d]/] bfPF cf}/ afPF g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/] cfu] cf}/ kL5]
g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/] k|f0f d]+ g"/ e/ b] cf}/ d]/] lnP g"/ sf]
ljzfn cf}/ ax't clws a8Þf agf b] cf}/ d]/] abg d]+ g"/
e/ b] cf}/ d'em] g"/ agf b] . P] cNnfx d'em] g"/ ctf s/
cf}/ d]/L dfF;k]lzof]+ -k¶f]+_ d]+ g"/ e/ b] cf}/ d]/] uf]Zt d]+
g"/ e/ b] cf}/ d]/] vÞ"g d]+ g"/ k}bf s/ b] cf}/ d]/] afnf]+ d]+
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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g"/ agf b] cf}/ d]/] rd8Þ] d]+ g"/ e/ b] . -a'vÞf/L !!@!!^ xbL;
g)— ^#!^, d'l:nd !@%@^, %@(, %#), xbL; g)—&^# _
¿,s vYykg esjh d+cz esa esjs fy, uwj cuk ns vkSj esjh gfM~M;ksa
esa Hkh uwj cuk nsAÀ ¼f=fet+h gnhl u- 3419] 5@483½
¿vkSj esjs uwj dks c<+k ns] esjs uwj dks vf/kd dj ns vkSj esjs
uwj dks c<+k nsAÀ ¼bls beke cq[kkjh us vncqy&eqQ~jn gnhl u-695] i`"B
u-258 esa fjok;r fd;k gS] vkSj vYykek vyckuh us lghgqy vnfcy&eqQjn
gnhl u-536 esa bldh lun dks lghg dgk gS½
¿vkSj eq>s uwj ij uwj vrk djAÀ ¼bls bCus gtz us QRgqy ckjh esa
ft+Ø fd;k gS vkSj bCus vkfle dh rjQ eu~lwc fd;k gS fd mUgksa us bls
fdrkcqn&nqvk esa ft+Ø fd;k gS] nsf[k, QRgqyckjh 11@118 vkSj dgk gS fd
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^] (W)(( 4^ Pd^ N $ R FPo N $
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P)F 9P $R P I&K 4N 'M $F (Z)[g
@)= d}+ chÞ\dt\ jfn] cNnfx sL cf}/ p; s] s/Ld r]x/] sL
cf}/ p; s] xd]zf ;] /xg] jfn] /fHo sL kgfx rfxtf x"F
db{"b z}tfg ;] . cNnfx s] gfd ;] -bflvÞn\ xf]tf x"F _ cf}/
/;"n'Nnfx k/ b?b j ;nfd xf] . P] cNnfx d]/] lnP
ckgL /xÞ\dt\ s] b/jfhÞ] vf]n b] . ¼-!_ ca"bfpmb b]lvP
;xÞLx'n\hfldcÞ\ xÞbL; g)—$%(! -@_ Oag':;'GgL xÞbL; g)—** z}vÞ
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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cn\afgL -/lx_ g] O;] x;gÞ sxf x} . -#_ ca"bfpmb !÷!@^ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\
hfldcÞ\ !÷%@* -$_ d'l:nd !÷$($=
lqquu bCus ektk esa Qkfrek jft+;Yykgq vUgk dh gnhl esa gS%
((- m
) & 4' $ ))
^^ ,s vYykg rw esjs xqukgksa dks c['k ns vkSj esjs fy, viuh jger ds njokt+s
[kksy nsA** vYykek vyckuh us bl gnhl dks blds ’kokfgn dh fcuk ij
lghg dgk gSA nsf[k, lghg bCus ektk 1@128&129½
14 - dl:hb ;] lgsng] sL b'cf
P !R -
I L+F!P,)F 9P J^ 4N 'M $ g G^ P ,M I 9F(I L %F N $ g 4^ P
^)) 21
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N $ I R 9P ^P
R (P 4N 'M $F -
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@!= cNnfx s] gfd s] ;fy cf}/ ;nft j ;nfd gflhÞn\ xf]
/;"n'Nnfx k/ . P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] t]/] kmHn sf
;jfn s/tf x"F . P] cNnfx d'em] db{"b z}tfg ;] arf . -fiNyh
gnhl u-20 dh fjok;rksa ds gokys nsf[k, vkSj ^^ R FPo N $ I R 9P ^P
R (P 4N 'M $F
4^ Pd^ N $** dk bt+kQk bCus ektk us fd;k gSA b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷!@( _
15 – chÞfg sL b'cÞfPF
22 df]clHÞhÞg s] hjfa d]+ jxL slndf sx] hf] df]clHÞhg\
sx /xf xf] n]lsg -- x}Þof cn:;nft __ cf}/ -- xÞ}of cnn\
kmnfxÞ__ s] hjfa d]+ --nf xÞf}nf jnf sÞ'Jjtf ONnf laNnfx__
sx] . -a'vÞf/L !÷!%@ d'l:nd !÷@**_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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23 - df]clHÞhg\ s] --cZfxb' cNnfOnfxf ONnNnfx cf}/
cZfxb' cGgf d'xÞDdb/{;"n'Nnfx __ k9Þg] s] afb ox b'cf k9ÞM]
M M !P5(I =!N7 I M S )FI M $F - I P#^ I .F M I /P I h S.^ I $^ .S K )F M 'I P )F I)FI ))
(( =P#1R ;^ %
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cf}/ d}+ eL ujfxL b]tf x"F ls cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf
dfa"b gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ cf}/
df]xÞDdb p; s] aGb] cf}/ /;"n x}+ . d}+ cNnfx sf] ckgf
/a dfgs/ cf}/ df]xÞDdb sf] ckgf /;"n dfg s/ cf}/
O:nfd sf] ckgf bLg dfgs/ /fhL x"F .
-OAg] v'h}df !÷@@) d'l;nd !÷@()_
24 – df]clHÞh+g\ s] hjfa ;] kmfl/uÞ\ xf] s/ /;"n'Nnfx
k/ ;nft -b?b] d:fg"g_ k9Þ] . -d'l:nd !÷@**_
=!N7I M *
R B nR !IrR Fe$K R %
FN $I nR N N$ R I (P N $ R OR 2I m
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P OR $S =1PM 7
P I = FeI M ?K I
PI nF FP"
R F $KI nF FP,R I $K
[1I I PR $K
@%= P] cNnfx O; d'sDdn\ bfjt\ cf}/ sÞfO{d\ ;nft s]
/a\ . d'xÞDdb sf] j;Lnf cf}/ kmhÞLnt\ k|bfg s/ cf}/
pGx]+ p; d'sÞfd] dxÞ\d"b k/ v8Þf s/ lh; sf t" g] pg ;]
jfbf lsof x} . a]zs\ t" jfbf lvnfkmL gxL+ s/tf .
- a'vÞf/L !÷!%@, bf]gf]+ sf]:6 s] aLr s] zAb a}xsÞL s] x}+, !@$!) O;
sL ;gb\ dks z}vÞ lag\ afhÞ jfgegqYykg us t'x\kÞ mt'n\ cvÞ\of/ i`"B 38 esa
glu dgk gSA_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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26- chÞfg cf}/ OsÞfdt\ -ts\aL/_ s] aLr ckg] lnP b'cf
s/] Sof]+ls p; ;do b'cf gxL+ /b\ sL hftL . -lqldhL,
ca"bfpmb, cxdb, b]lvP Ojf{pn\ uÞnLn !÷@^@_
16 – fP¡
gdfhÞ z'? s/g] sL b'cfP
cNnfx' cs\a/\ sx s/ gdfhÞ z'? s/] cf}/ Og b'cfcf]+ d]+ ;]
sf]O{ b'cf k9Þ] M
b
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(( 1R I 5I$KI tg I$KI ^ K ?S$ ^
QI I# FaI P R 9^K g K 4N 'M S$ ^ IN $
@& = P] cNnfx d]/] cf}/ d]/] u'gfxf]+ s] aLr dzl/s+ cf}/
du+l/a lhtgL b"/L s/ b] . P] cNnfx d'em] d]/] u'gfxf]+ ;]
O; t/x kfs j ;fkm s/ b] lh; t/x ;km]b sk8Þf d}n
s'r}n ;] ;fkm lsof hftf x} . P] cNnfx d'em] d]/] u'gfxf]+ ;]
akm\{, kfgL cf}/ cf]nf]+ s] ;fy wf] b] .
- a'vf/L !÷!*! d'l:nd !÷$!( _
I $F^ .F I I ~ dI 9F$ I 6II -
I M ,P I I I56II I R P 7
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(( I M PF
@*= P] cNnfx t" kfs x} cf}/ x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm l;km{ t]/]
xL lnP x} . afa/st\ x} t]/f gfd cf}/ a'nGb x} t]/L zfg
cf}/ t]/] l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf dfÞa"b gxL+ .
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٣٣
-ca"bfpmb , lqldhL , g;fO{ , OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL !÷&&
cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷!#%_
!I)F II =P^/I I P uF$KI * R I I N $ IF &F 0O $ V'd T M 'P dN I ))29
mJ I R !$R 9P 6R II I Q I I7 P I I 9P \R M MI %8 S ^ I P@R ^ o P M $K I R
TI P)F 4N 'M $F . I PR RP M $K I R I)FI * M P R )L -I $RO^
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VP ^R !P2I . T I P)F .S ^ mI P MO $ M R P I# .F M N^ = PR Id VP
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^ M @L M P_ I $KI - I P#I P ,I I - I P5N$F TI P)F .S ^ I'+FJ,I VP J(I { M ^ P I#.F
mM P !M6)FI I M R P I,P )F TI P$F I 6II TI @K I I56I - I P$FÎ - I
^ I)F - I P$F^ I P$F ~ o N $
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@(= d}+ g] ckgf r]x/f p; hÞft sL t/km\ km]/ lnof ftl us
vklekuksa vkSj t+ehu dks cuk;k PS;" -Psfu|lrt\_ xf] s/ cf}/
d}+ d'z\l/sf]+ d]+ ;] gxL+ x"F . d]/L gdfhÞ d]/L s'Þ/afgL , d]/L
lhÞGbuL cf}/ d]/L df}t cNnfx /Aa'n\ cfndLg s] lnP x} .
p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ cf}/ d'em] O;L csÞLb] k/ O{dfg
/vg] sf x'Sd lbof uof x} cf}/ d}+ d';ndfgf]+ d]+ ;] x"F . P]
cNnfx t" xL afbzfx x}, t]/] l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf dfa"b gxL+, t"
xL d]/f /a\ x} cf}/ d}+ t]/f aGbf x"F d}+ g] ckg] cfk k/ h+Þ'Nd
lsof x} cf}/ ckg] u'gfxf]+ sf OsÞ/f/ s/tf x"F . O; lnP d]/]
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lx:g'n d'l:nd
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lxbfot\ t]/] l;jf sf]O{ gxL+ b] ;stf . P] cNnfx d}+ Oafbt
s] lnP xflh+/ x"F t]/L tf/Lkm s] lnP xflh+/ x"F cf}/ x/ k|sf/
sL enfO{ t]/] xfyf]+ d]+ x} cf}/ a'/fO{ sL lg:fat\ t]/L t/km\
gxL+ sL hf ;stL . d}+ t]/L tf}kmLs+ ;] x"F cf}/ t]/L cf]/
d'tjHh]x x",F t" a/st\ jfnf cf}/ a'nGb x} . d}+ t'em\ ;]
dfkmL dfFutf x"F cf}/ tf}af s/tf x"F . -d'l:nd !÷%#$_
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sf] hfgg] jfn]! ckg] aGbf]+ s] aLr t" xL p; rLhÞ s] af/]
d]+ km}l;nf s/]uf lh; d]+ j] OlVÞtnfkm s/t] y] . xsÞ\ sL
lhg aftf]+ d]+ OlVÞtnfkm xf] uof x} t" ckgL Ohfht ;] d'em]
;RrfO{ sL cf]/ lxbfot\ b] b] . a]zs t" lh;] rfxtf x} ;LwL
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R!R_K I P !R:R FPo N $ I R g ^
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ax't a8Þf, cNnfx ;a ;] a8Þf x} ax't a8Þf, cf}/ x/ ls:d
sL tf/Lkm l;km{ cNnfx s] lnP x} ax't H+ofbf tf/Lkm, cf}/
x/ ls:d sL tf/Lkm l;km{ cNnfx s] lnP x} ax't Hofbf
tf/Lkm cf}/ x/ ls:d sL tf/Lkm l;km{ cNnfx s] lnP x}
ax't Hofbf tf/Lkm cf}/ d}+ ;'axÞ\ j zfd cNnfx sL kfsL
aofg s/tf x"¡ . ¼bl nqvk dks rhu ckj i<+s½ d}+ cNnfx sL
kgfx ks8Þtf x"F z}tfg ;] p;sL km"Fs ;],p; s] y's\y'sfg]
;] cf}/ p; s] rf]s] ;] . -ofgL z}tfg s] b'ef{jgf, dqm j
km/]a cf}/ j:fj;f ;] cNnfx sL kgfx rfxtf x"F _
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/;"n'Nnfx s] ;fy gdfhÞ k9Þ /x] y] ls Ps cfbdL g] sxfM
-- cNnfx' cs\a/\ saL/f jn\xd\b'lnNnflx s;L/f j ;'AxÞfgNnflx a's\/tf}+
j c;Lnf__
/;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof kmnfF kmnfF slndft s] ;fy b'cf dfFug] jfnf
sf}g x} < xflh/ nf]uf]+ d]+ ;] Ps zV; g] sxf P] cNnfx s] /;"n d}+ x"F .
cfk g] km/dfof d'em] Og slndft ;] tcÞHh'a\ x'cf ls Og s] lnP
cf;dfg s] b/jfhÞ] vf]n] uP . -d'l:nd !÷$@)_
/;"n'Nnfx ha /ft sf] txHh'b\ s] lnP p7t] tf] ox
b'cf k9Þt] M
N '^ P&R P I I
^ P uF$KI * R I I N $ M P M T I P)F M P 7
I $K -I $F 4N 'M $F ))32
M !P7 I $K -I $FI ] N '^ P&R P I I
^ P uF$KI * R I I N $ 4M JHF ITP)F M P 7I $K -
I $FI
-
M !K M - I !F$ M P 7 I $K - I $FI ] [N '^ P&R P I I
^ P uF$KI * R I I N $ m ~ I T I PF)
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٣٦
*
R I I!N$ - M RI TI P)F M P 7I $K - I $FI ] [N '^ P&R P I I ^ P F$KI * R I I N $
-
I !L$P HFI ~ !I7$K I M (P I I ~ 7 I $K T I P)F] [M P 7 I $K - I $FI ] [ ^ P uF$KI
¡ !I/ F ~5^N$I ¡ /I M N$I ¡ /I nL N I $KI ~ 7 I $K I th FeR$I ~7 I $K
-
I !PF(I I T M P F!P,)F - I $F 4N 'M $F] ¡ /I nL (I N$I ¡ /I z N 7 I M I
-
I !P$FÎ T M P !I8 Ia - I
Î T M 5PI)F -I PF$Î T M PI B - I
Î T M K @S I 6I
!II * M P I !P,)F II * M P aN )F II T M P N HF I VP $RP R K F& . TM P @F I/
.F VP £R ^ T
I P)F] [TI P)F .S ^ I $^ .F M aJ ¢I M $K T
I P)FI ;M J eF M $K T I P)F] [T M PF(P )F
.[T I P)F .S ^ I $^
#@= P] cNnfx t]/] lnP xL tf/Lkm x} t" xL cf;dfgf]+ cf}/
hÞdLg sf g"/ x} cf}/ pg sf eL -g"/ x}_ hf] pg d]+ x}+ cf}/
t]/] xL lnP ;eL tf/Lkm x}, t" xL cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hÞdLg sf]
sÞfO{d\ /vg] jfnf x} cf}/ pg sf] eL -sÞfO{d\ /vg] jfnf x}_
hf] pg d]+ x}+ . cf}/ t]/] xL lnP x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm x} t" xL
cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hÞdLg sf /a\ x} cf}/ pg sf eL -/a x}_ hf]
pg d]+ x}+ . cf}/ t]/] xL lnP tf/Lkm x} t]/] xL lnP cf;dfgf]+
tyf hÞdLg sL afbzfxL x} cf}/ hf] s'5 pg d]+ x}+ . cf}/ t]/]
xL lnP x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm x} t" cf;dfgf]+ tyf hÞdLg sf
afbzfx x} . cf}/ x/ ls:d sL tf/Lkm s]jn t]/] lnP x} . rw
gd+ gS] rsjk oknk gd+ gS] rsjh ckr gd+ gS] t"em ;] d'nfsÞft
xÞs\Þ x}, hGgt\ xÞs\Þ x} cf}/ hxGgd\ xÞs\Þ x} cf}/ ;f/] k}uÞDa/
xÞs\Þ x}+ cf}/ d'xÞDdb eL xÞs\Þ x}+ cf}/ sÞofdt\ xÞs\Þ x} . P]
cNnfx d}+ t]/] lnP d';ndfg x'cf cf}/ t'em k/ d}+ g] e/f];f
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٣٧
lsof cf}/ t'emL k/ d}+ O{dfg nfof cf}/ t]/L xL t/km\ ?h"c\
lsof cf}/ t]/L dbb\ tyf t]/] e/f];] k/ d}+ g] b'Zdg\ ;]
emu8Þf lsof cf}/ t'em sf] ckgf xÞflsd\ dfgf . O; lnP
d]/] jx u'gfx aVÞz b] hf] d}+ g] kxn] lsof cf}/ hf] kL5]
lsof cf}/ hf] d}+ g] l5kf s/ lsof cf}/ hf] d}+ g] hflx/ d]+
lsof . t" xL ;a ;] kxn] yf cf}/ t" xL afb d]+ eL /x]uf t]/]
l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf df\a"b gxL+ . t" xL d]/f ;Rrf df\a"b x} t]/]
l;jf sf]O{ ;Rrf df\a"b gxL+ . - a'vf/L kmt\x'n\af/L s] ;fy #@#,
!!÷!!^, !#@#&!,$@#, $^% d'l:nd\ !÷%#@ _
17 - ?s"c\Þ sL b'cfPF
(( 4^ PR I $K VI
JI F I75P,M ))33
##= d]/f a8f /a\ kfs x} . -tLg af/ k9Þ] _ -ca"bfpmb , lqldhL
, g;fO{ , OAg] dfhf ,cx\db\ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL !÷*# _
(( VP $RP R K 4N 'M $F I R P 7
I
Î I
NI 4N 'M S$ -
I I I75P,M )) 34
#$= P] cNnfx xdf/] /a\ t" kfs x} . x/ ls:d sL tf/Lkm
t]/] xL lnP x} . P] cNnfx d'em] aVÞz b] .
-a'vf/L !÷ (( d'l:nd !÷#%) _
(( ¤
^ ~$I nR \F rR%
F I $K m
~ I ¥
z P ~ HL ¤
z P 5~,M ))35
#%= ax't kfsLhÞuL jfnf , ax't d's2Þ ;\ x} kml/Ztf]+ tyf ?xÞ
-lha|Ln_ sf /a\ . - d'l:nd !÷#%#, ca"bfpmb !÷@#) _
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٣٨
-
I $F qI o
I aI T M P F,P )F -
I $FI T M PI B -I
Î T M P @F I -
I $F 4N 'M $F )) 36
R !^
S eF I!P, II VP 5^
I (I I VP R K (I I VP _
J M I 0P ^
I
II VP R P ,I
((V
P R I HF
#^= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/] xL lnP em'sf -?s"c\ lsof_ cf}/ t'emL
k/ O{dfg nfof cf}/ t]/f xL km/df¡a/bf/ agf, cf}/ t]/] lnP
ljgLt xf] uP -em's\ uP_ d]/] sfg , d]/L cfFv]+, d]/f dU+hÞ,
-e]hf_ d]/L xl•ofF, d]/] k¶] cf}/ -d]/f k"/f abg_ lh;] d]/]
bf]gf]+ k}/ p7fP x'P x}+ .
- d'l:nd !÷%#$, lqldhL, g;fO{ , ca"bfpmb _
((nR I K I $KI tg I#^ 5P\R $KI *
R P \L FI $KI *
R P M 5I
I $K QR F I75P,M )) 37
#&= kfs x} ax't H+ofbf tfst /vg] jfnf, a8Þ] d'N\s jfnf
cf}/ a8ÞfO{ tyf ch\dt\ jfnf -cNnfx_ .
-ca"bfpmb !÷@#), g;fO{ , cx\db\ vkSj bldh lun glu gS_
18 - ?s"c\ ;] p7g] sL b'cfP¡

f
(( M I R /I P I $R
h qI R ,I )) 38
#*= ;'g nL cNnfx g] lh; g] p; sL tf/Lkm sL .
-a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n\af/L s] ;fy @÷@*@_
.((R P&R =@I I5M =5JwF =P?R@F =P/I M P 7
I $K -
I $FI I
NI )) 39
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٣٩
#(= P] xdf/] /a t]/] xL lnP tdfd tf/Lkm x}, ax't clws
kfsLhÞf tf/Lkm lh; d]+ a/st\ sL uO{ xf] .
- a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n\af/L s] ;fy @÷@*$_
P R T
I +KR I t K R I I'M IP
I II ^ P uFK$ t K R I *R I I N $ t K R )) 40
. z !P5(I -I $F I@L I M 5P I $K GF FH I ~ /I )F R P I $KI tg I?S$ F 2P )F . M P
I tk VP I
-
I !PR J I $KF qM F PI# .F I TI P II I$R VI R P M .F I T I PF (P )F I$R qI ^ I.F 4N 'M $F
(( ~ I $K
$)= -P] xdf/] /a_ t]/] xL lnP tf/Lkm x} cf;dfgf]+ cf}/
hÞdLg e/ cf}/ hf] s'5 pg bf]gf]+ s] aLr x} p;s] e/ cf}/
O; s] afb hf] t" rfx] p;s] e/ . t" tf/Lkm tyf a'hÞ'uL{
jfnf x}\Þ . ;a ;] ;RrL aft hf] aGb] g] sxL ox x} & cf}/
xd ;a t]/] aGb] x}+ & P] cNnfx hf] t" b]] p;] sf]O{ /f]sg]
jfnf gxL+ cf}/ hf] t" /f]s n] p;] sf]O{ b]g] jfnf gxL+, cf}/
ls;L zfg jfn] sf] p; sL zfg t]/] oxfF sf]O{ kmfobf gxL+
kx'Frf ;stL . -d'l:nd !÷#$^_
19 - ;h\
;hb]\b] sL b'cfP¡
f
(( 9 (P uF$K VI
JI F I75P,M )) 41
$!= d]/f dxfg /a\ kfs x} . -tLg af/ k9Þ]_
¼ca"bfpmb , lqldh+L, g;fO{ , OAg] dfhf, cx\db cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ
lqldhÞL !÷*# ½
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٤٠
(( VP $RP R K 4N 'M $ I R P 7
I
Î I
NI 4N 'M $ -
I I I75P,M ))42
$@= kfs x} t" P] cNnfx P] xdf/] /a\ cf}/ x/ ls+:d sL
tf/Lkm t]/] xL lnP x} . P] cNnfx d'em] aVÞz b] .
- a'vÞf/L !@((, d'l:nd !@#%) _
(( ¤
^ P ~ $I nR \F rR%
F I $K m
~ I ¥
z P ~ HL ¤
z P 5~M, ))43
$# = ax't Hofbf kfs ax't d's2Þ ;\ x} kml/Ztf]+ tyf ?xÞ
-lha|Ln_ sf /a\ . - d'l:nd !÷#%#, ca"bfpmb !÷@#) _
I I !I, T M P F!P,)F - I $FI T M PI B -I
Î *
M P I ,I -
I $F 4N 'M $F )) 44
M
I /P )F
h I I I56I M I
I
II M I P ,I N I I M I N 8
I I M eF FaI 0
P OR S$R VI '^ dP I
((I PeR $R I_$K
$$= P] cNnfx d}+ g] t]/] lnP xL ;h\bf lsof cf}/ t'emL k/
O{dfg nfof, t]/f xL km/dfFa/bf/ agf . d]/] r]x/] g] p;
hÞft s] lnP ;hbf lsof lh; g] p;] k}bf lsof, p; sL
;"/t\ agfO{ cf}/ sfgf]+ d]+ ;"/fvÞ agfP cf}/ cfFvf]+ s] lzufkm
agfP . a/\st\ jfnf x} cNnfx hf] tdfd agfg] jfnf]+ ;]
cR5f x} . -d'l:nd !÷%#$_
(( nR I
F I $KI tg I#^ 5P\R $KI *
R L\FI $KI *
R P M 5I
I $K 0R F I75P,M )) 45
$%= kfs x} ax't H+ofbf tfsÞt /vg] jfnf , a8Þ] d'N\s jfnf
cf}/ a8ÞfO{ cf}/ ch\dt\ jfnf -cNnfx_ .
-ca"bfpmb !÷@#), g;fO{ , cx\db\ vkSj vyckuh us bls lghg vcw nkÅn
1@166 esa lghg dgk gSA_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٤١
M II^%
F (I I M I aR BI M $FN )FI M Sd^ I M SH1R M S@L VP 5^PF VP $R P R K 4N 'M $ ))46
(( M N ,R I
$^= P] cNnfx d]/] 5f]6] ,a8Þ] , kxn], lk5n] , hÞflx/ cf}/
kf]zLbf tdfd u'gfxf]+ sf] aVÞz b] . -d'l:nd !@#%)_
P !R -
I !R6 F& I M
Î - I R _ I ,I P R I Ip^ ^
L P (M )F VP J^ 4N 'M $F )) 47
9F(I T
I PIK)F I@F T
I P)F -
I PF(I t¦ IF 9P R/P )L .F -
I PR - I
^ L P (M )FI -I R
IP eL (M
(( -
I g K I
$&= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/] uÞ':;] ;] t]/L /h+f sL kgfx rfxtf x"F
cf}/ t]/L ;hÞf ;] t]/L dfkmL sL kgfx rfxtf x"F . cf}/ d}+
t'em ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F . d}+ k"/L t/x t]/L tf/Lkm gxL+
s/ ;stf . t" p;L t/x x} lh; t/x t" g] v'b\ ckgL
tf/Lkm sL x} . -d'l:nd !@#%@_
20– bf] ;hbf]+ s] aLr a7} g] sL b'cfPF

(( VP $R P R K m
J I VP $R P R K m
J I )) 48
$*= P] d]/] /a d'em] aVÞz b] . P] d]/] /a\ d'em] aVÞz b] .
-ca"bfpmb !÷@#!cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷!$*_
VP ^&R I(I VP ^P 5MdP I 9P ^R 2P I V^P/I P I VP $R P R K 4N 'M $F )) 49
(( VP ^ P &FP I VP ^HK ]M P I
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٤٢
$( = P] cNnfx d'em] aVÞz b] cf}/ d'em\ k/ /xd s/ cf}/
d'em] lxbfot\ b] cf}/ d]/] g's\; Þ fg k"/] s/ b] cf}/ d'em]
cÞflkmot\ b] cf}/ d'em] /f]hÞL b] cf}/ d'em] a'n+Gb s/ .
-ca"bfpmb , lqldhL , OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhL !÷() , ;xÞLxÞ
OAg] dfhf !÷!$*_
21-;hbf ltnfjt\ sL b'cf
R 6RN HLI R $RP 7
I
^ M I
I
II M I P ,I N I I M eF FaI 0
P OR S$R VI '^ dP I I I ,I )) 50
(( I PeR $R I_$K M I /P )F
h I I I5I&F
%)= d]/] r]x/] g] p; hÞft s] lnP ;hbf lsof lh; g] p;] k}bf
lsof,cf}/ ckgL tfsÞt\ j s'Jjt ;] p; s] sfg d]+ ;'/fvÞ cf}/
cfFvf]+ s] lzufkm agfP . ax't a/st\ jfnf x} cNnfx hf] ;a
agfg] jfnf]+ ;] cR5f x} .
-lqldhL @÷$&$, cx\db\ ^÷#) cf}/ xÞflsd\ g] O;] l/jfot\ s/s] ;xÞLxÞ
sxf x} cf}/ Odfd h+ÞxaL g] O; aft sL k'li6 sL x} !@@@) cf}/
--kmtaf/sNnfx' cxÞ\;g'n\ vÞflnsÞLg__ zAb sL j[l4 eL xÞflsd\ sL x} ._
=P]^ !I'
^ VP !J(I qP !IpI =Pd)F I I P(R I'
^ VP $R c P M@K 4N 'M $F 51
1I §M I1 I R 5P(I P R I'IK 5NeF 6I I@F 9P JR I'K 5NeF 6II =PaL I I P(R VP $R I'K I dP I
%!= P] cNnfx O; ;h\b] s] abn] d]+ d]/] lnP ckg] kf;
;jfa lnv b] cf}/ O; s] h+l/o] ;] d]/] pmk/ ;] u'gfxf]+ sf
af]em ptf/ b] cf}/ O;] d]/] lnP ckg] kf; g]lsof]+ sf
vh+fgf agf b] cf}/ O;] d]/L t/km\ ;] O; t/x sÞa"n s/ n]
lh; t/x\ t"g] ckg] aGb] bfpmb sL cf]/ ;] sÞa"n lsof yf .
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٤٣
- lqldhÞL @÷$&# cf}/ Odfd xÞflsd\ g] O;] l/jfot\ s/s] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x}
cf}/ Odfd h+ÞxaL g] O; sL k'li6 sL x} !@@!( _
[
22 – tzx\x'b\ sL b'cf
V~ 5^N$ I'~#)F -
I PF(I ;M %
FN $ * M I5JS $I * M IF
N $I R $R * M N7R N$F 52
M 'I !P)F . I P7 R $R N$
g 1R I5(R 9F(I I IPF(I ;M % F N $F M 6M F@I
II g nL I /P I I
.M $LP ,M I I M I 5P(I =N7
I M S )F M 'I P )FI h .S ^ I $^ .F K )F
%@= hÞafg , abg\ cf}/ dfn s] hl/o] ;] sL hfg] jfnL ;f/L
Oafbt]+ cNnfx xL s] lnP x}+ . ;nfd xf] cfk k/ P] gaL
cf}/ cNnfx sL /x\dt\ cf}/ p; sL a/st]+ . ;nfd xf] xd
k/ cf}/ cNnfx s] g]s aGbf]+ k/ . d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls
cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfO{s\Þ gxL+ . cf}/ d}+ ujfxL
b]tf x"F ls d'xdDb p; s] aGb] cf}/ p; s] /;"n x}+ .
-a'vf/L kmt\x'n\ af/L s] ;fy !÷!# cf}/ d'l:nd\ !÷#)!_
23- tzx\x'b s] afb gaL k/ b?b

9F(I T I PS8 I I@F N 7 I M G^ B 9F(I I N 7 I M 9F(I 8 I 4N 'M $F ))53
9!F(I P ^ !I
4N 'M $ z P ^ I z PR /I -
I N^ 4I P2R I
P^ G^ B 9F(I I 4I P2R I
P^
4I P2R I
P^ G^ B 9F(I I 4I P2R I
P^ 9F(I T I @K I I
I@F N 7I M G^ B 9F(I I N 7 I M
(( z P^ I z PR /I -I N^
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٤٤
%#= P] cNnfx /xdt gflh+n s/ d'xDdb\ k/ cf}/
d'xDdb\ sL cfn k/ lh; t/x t" g] /xdt gflh+n sL
Oa|fxLd k/ cf}/ Oa|fxLd sL cf}nfb k/, a]zs t" tf/Lkm
jfnf a'hÞ'uL{ jfnf x} . P] cNnfx a/st\ gflhÞn km/df
d'xÞDdb k/ cf}/ d'xÞDdb sL cfn k/ lh; t/x t
"g] a/st\ gflhÞn\ sL Oa|fxLd k/ cf}/ Oa|fxLd sL cf}nfb
k/ a]zs t" tf/Lkm cf}/ a'hÞ'uL{ jfnf x} .
-a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n\af/L s] ;fy ^÷$)* _
T
I PS8
I I@F R RN#J L I R d^ I]P )F 9F(I I N 7I M 9F(I 8 I 4N 'M $F )) 54
!I@F R RN#J L I R d^ I]P )F 9F(I I N 7
I M 9F(I P ^ I
I . 4I P2R I
P^ G^ B 9F(I
(( z P
^ I z PR /I -
I N^ . 4I P2R I
P^ G^ B 9F(I T I @K I I
%$= P] cNnfx /xdt gflh+n s/ d'xÞDdb k/ cf}/ cfk

sL aLljof]+ tyf cf}nfb k/ lh; t/x t" g] /xdt
gflh+n sL Oa|fxLd sL cf}nfb k/ . cf}/ a/st\ gflhÞn\
km/df d'xÞDdb\ k/ cf}/ cfk sL aLljof]+ cf}/ cf}nfb k/
lh; t/x a/st\ gflhÞn\ sL t" g] Oa|fxLd sL cf}nfb k/,
a]zs t" tf/Lkm jfnf a'hÞ'uL{ jfnf x} . - a'vf/L kmt\x'n\ af/L s]
;fy ^÷$)& cf}/ d'l:nd !÷#)^ zAb d'l:nd s] x}+ _
24 - cflvÞ/L tzx\x'b\ s] afb cf}/

;nfd km]/g] ;] kxn] sL b'cfPF
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٤٥
4I N!I'dI m^ FO(I P R I ^ 5PeF $ m ^ FO(I P R - I
^L P (M )F VP N^ 4N 'M $F )) -55
(( G^ NdN $ ^ P
g I $K nR IP&R J I P R I *
R II $KI I7 P I $K nR IP&R P R I
%%= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L kgfx ks8Þtf x"F sÞa| s] chÞfa ;]
cf}/ hxGgd\ s] chÞfa ;] cf}/ lhÞGbuL tyf df}t s] lkmTg] ;]
cf}/ d;LxÞ bHhfn s] lkmT\g] sL a'/fO{ ;] .
-a'vf/L @÷!)@ cf}/ d'l:nd !÷$!@, cf}/ zAb d'l:nd s] x}_+
nR !IP&R P !R - I
^L M()F I ^ 5PeF $K m
^ FO(I P R - I
^L P (M )F VP J^ 4N 'M $F ))56
VP J^ 4N 'M $F . *
R II $KI I7
P I $K nR IP&R P R -
I
^ L M()F I G^ NdN $ I P g I $K
(( ;^ I P I $K 4^ FuK K$ I R -
I
^L M()F
%^= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L kgfx ks8Þtf x"F sÞa| s] chÞfa ;]
cf}/ t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F d;Lx bHhfn s] lkmTg] ;] cf}/ t]/L
kgfx rfxtf x"F lhÞGbuL cf}/ df}t s] lkmTg] ;] . P] cNnfx d}+
t]/L kgfx ks8Þtf x"F u'gfx ;] cf}/ sÞh{ -C0f_ ;] .
- a'vÞf/L !÷@)@ tyf d'l:nd !÷$!@ _
.S ^ m
I P MO !$ M R P I# .F I =P?R@F =K Lj VP g K I TM P FjF VP N^ 4N 'M $F 57
. 4M P/R N $ M P L I $K T
I P)F -
I N^ V^P /I P I I R P(R P R = I R P I VP $R P R K F& ITP)F
%& = P] cNnfx d}+ g] ckgL hfg k/ ax't h'N\d lsof cf}/
t]/] l;jf sf]O{ cf}/ u'gfxf]+ sf] dfkm gxL s/ ;stf . O;
lnP d'em] ckg] vÞf; kmhÞn ;] aVÞz b] cf}/ d'em k/ /xd
s/ . a]zs t" aVÞzg] jfnf ax't Hofbf /xd s/g] jfnf x} .
- a'vÞf/L *÷!^* tyf d'l:nd\ $÷@)&*_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٤٦
!II *M P I !P,)F II * M P aN )F II MTP N HF I VP $RP R K 4N 'M $F)) -58
T
I !P)FI ;M J eF M $K T
I P)F . VP JR R
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/v\ ha ts t" lhÞGbuL d]/] lnP a]xt/ hfg] cf}/ d'´] p;
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d}+ uÞfOa\ cf}/ xÞflh/ xf]g] sL xÞfnt\ d]+ t'´ ;] t]/] vf}km sf
;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/ /hf tyf gf/fh+uL x/ xÞfnt d]+ t'em ;]
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xf] cf}/ cfFvf]+ sL P];L 7+8s\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F hf] vTd g
xf] cf}/ t'´ ;] t]/] km}l;n] k/ /fhÞL /xg] sf ;jfn s/tf x"F
cf}/ t'´ ;] df}t s] afb v'zujf/ lh++buL sf ;jfn s/tf
x"F cf}/ t'´ ;] t]/] r]x/] sL t/km b]vg] sL nHÞht\ cf}/ t]/L
d'nfsÞft s] zf}sÞ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F lagf ls;L ts\nLkmb]x
d';Lat\ cf}/ u'd\/fx s/g] jfn] lkmt\g] s] . P] cNnfx xd]+
O{dfg sL hÞLgt\ -zf]ef_ ;] d'h}+ogÞ km/df cf}/ xd]+ lxbfot\
ofkmtf /xa/ agf b] . -g;fO{ #÷%$, %% tyf cx\db\ $÷#^$ vkSj
vYykek vyckuh us lghg vu&ulkbZ 1@281 esa bls lghg dgk gSA_
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;] ls t" cs]nf, Ps cf}/ a]lgofhÞ x} lh; g] g ls;L sf]
hgf cf}/ g jx ls;L ;] hgf uof x} cf}/ g xL p; sf
sf]O{ z/Ls x} ls t" d]/] u'gfxf]+ sf] dfkm km/df b] . a]zs t"
xL aVÞzg] jfnf d]x/afg x} .
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lghg vu&ulkbZ 1@280 esa bls lghg dgk gSA_
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ls x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm t]/] xL lnP x} , t]/] l;jf sf]O{
Oafbt\ s] nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . t" cs]nf x} t]/f sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ .
a]xÞb\ OxÞ\;fg s/g] jfnf . P] cf;dfgf]+ tyf hÞdLg sf] agfg]
jfn] , P] a'hÞ'uL{ tyf OHÞhÞt\ jfn] , P] lhÞGbf cf}/ sÞfOd\ /vg]
jfn] d}+ t'´ ;] hGgt\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/ cfu ;] t]/L
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ls d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls t" xL cNnfx x} t]/] l;jf sf]O{ cGo
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sf]O{ k}bf x'cf cf}/ g tf] jx ls;L ;] k}bf x'cf x} cf}/ g xL
sf]O{ p; sf xd;/ -;dsIf_ x} .
- ca"bfpmb @÷^@, lqldhÞL %÷%!%, OAg] dfhf @÷!@^$, cx\db\ %÷#^)
cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf @÷#@( cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!^# _
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;^ I@K 3^$KI G^ %
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P] a'hÞ'uL{ cf}/ OHÞhÞt\ jfn] t" a8ÞL a/st\ jfnf x} .
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(( ~ I $K -I PR J ¨ F F qM F PI# .F I
cy{ M— cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ dfa"b gxL+ , jx cs]nf x} ,
p;sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . p;L s] lnP afbzfxt\ x} , cf}/
p;L s] lnP ;a tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞflb/ x} .
P] cNnfx hf] s'5 t" b] p;sf] sf]O{ /f]sg] jfnf gxL+ , cf}/
lh; rLhÞ ;] t" /f]s b] p;sf] sf]O{ b]g] jfnf gxL+ cf}/ ls;L
bf}nt\dGb sf] p;sL bf}nt\ t]/] oxf¡ s'5 kmfobf gxL+ b]
;stL . -a'vf/L !@@%%, d'l:nd !@$!$_
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^*= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . jx
cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . afbzfxL p;L sL x}
cf}/ p;L s] lnP ;a tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞ'b\/t\
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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/vg] jfnf x} . g arg] sL tfsÞt\ x} g s'5 s/g] sL tfsÞt
n]lsg cNnfx sL dbb\ s] ;fy . cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{
Oafbt\ s] nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . cf}/ p; s] l;jf xd ls;L sL
Oafbt\ gxL+ s/t] . p;L s] lnP g]dt\ x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP
kmhÞn cf}/ p;L s] lnP cR5L tf/Lkm x} . cNnfx s] l;jf
sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . xd ckgL Oafbt\ p;L s] lnP
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vkSj vyykg lc ls cM+k gSA cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s]
nfOsÞ\ gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ .
afbzfxL p;L sL x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP ;a tf/Lkm x} cf}/
jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞ'b\/t\ /vg] jfnf x} .
¼eqfLye 1@418] hf] cfbdL x/ gdfh+Þ s] afb ox b'cf k9Þ] p; s] u'gfx
dfkm s/ lbP hft] x}+ rfx] j] ;d'b| s] ´fu s] a/fa/ xf]+ .½
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^^ vki dg nhft, og vYykg ,d gS] vYykg rvkyk csfu;kt+
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vkSj u mldk dksbZ led{k ¼gelj½ gS**A ¼lwjrqy b[ykl% 1&4½
^^ vki dg nhft, fd eSa lqcg ds jc dh iukg esa vkrk gw¡ gj
ml pht+ dh cqjkbZ ls tks mlus iSnk dh gS] vkSj va/ksjh jkr dh
cqjkbZ ls tc mldk va/kdkj QSy tk,A vkSj xk¡B yxkdj mu
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esa Qw¡dus okfy;ksa dh cqjkbZ ls vkSj gln djus okys dh cqjkbZ ls
tc og gln djsA ¼lwjrqy Qyd+%1&5½
vki dg nhft, fd eSa yksxksa ds jc] yksxksa ds ekfy vkSj yksxksa
ds ekcwn dh iukg esa vkrk gw¡ oLolk Mkyus okys ihNs gV tkus
okys dh cqjkbZ ls] tks yksxksa ds lhuksa esa oLolk Mkyrk gS ¼pkgs½
og ftUu esa ls gks ;k ekuo esa lsA ¼lwjrqUukl%1&6½
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lwjrksa dks eqvkSfot+kr dgk tkrk gS] nsf[k;s Qr~gqy ckjh 9@62_
71- x/ gdfhÞ s] afb cfotn\ s';L{ k9Þ] M
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lx:g'n d'l:nd
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cy{ M— cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ dfÞa"b -k"hgLo_ gxL+ jx xd]zf
lhÞGbf /xg] jfnf x} , ;asf] sÞfOd\ /v\g] jfnf x} . p;sf] g
pmF3 cftL x} g gL+b cf;dfg cf}/ hdLg sL ;a rLhÞ]+ p;L
sL x}+ . sf}g x} hf] p; s] kf; ls;L sL l;kmfl/z\ s/]
p;sL OhfhÞt\ s] auÞ}/ . jx hfgtf x} hf] nf]uf]+ s] ;fdg]
x} cf}/ hf] pGfs] kL5] x} , cf}/ nf]u p;s] ON\d ;] s'5 gxL+
3]/ -dfn"d _ ;s\t] du/ lhtgf cNnfx rfx] , cf}/ p;sL
s';L{ g] cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hÞdLg sf] ckg] j':fct\ - 3]/] _ d]+ n]
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cf}/ jx a'nGb x} chÞ\dt\ jfnf x} .__
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cf}/ p;L s] lnP ;a tf/Lkm x}, og ekjrk vkSj ftykrk gS]
cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞ'b\/t\ /vg] jfnf x} .
b; af/ duÞ\l/a\ cf}/ kmh| s] afb . - lqldhÞL %÷%!% cx\db\
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!)%= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/] xL gfd ;] d/tf x"F cf}/ lhÞGbf xf]tf
x"F . - a'vÞf/L kmtxÞ'n af/L s] ;fy !!÷!!# d'l:nd $÷@)*# _
af/ 33
g M !P7
I $KI af/ 33
g F I75P,M 106
af/ 34 M 5I@K )F h I
!)^= tks vkneh fcLrj ij ysVrs gq, 33 ckj lqCgkuYykg
¼vYykg ikd gS½ 33 ckj vYgenq&fyYykg ¼lc rkjhQ vYykg
ds fy, gS½ vkSj 34 ckj vYykgq vDcj ¼vYykg lc ls cM+k
gS½ i<+s rks ;g mlds fy, [kkfne ls csgrj gSA
¼ a'vÞf/L kmtxÞ'n af/L s] ;fy &÷&! d'l:nd $÷@)(!½
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٧٦
m
N I I I
NI 4^ R I $K ¬ ^ P I $K m
N I I q^ 5P N $ * R II N $ m N I 4N 'M $F107
R FHP L $KI ^ ^P3^$KI R IP N$ GF v^ PM QI N$I cJ 7 I $K I $R F& tk VP I @L
GL N uF!K$ T I P)F 4N 'M $F . R RI8 R I
^ Ox aR B T I P)F tk VP I @L J I P R I-
^ L M()F
I PF&F M 2R S$ T I P)FI t® VP I I I P
I
I PF&F M aR ¸ T I P)FI t® VP I - I F5PHF I PF&F
I^K )FI I P#N $ N(I
^ HK R t® VP I - I IM1 I PF&F M wR I5$K TI P)FI t® VP I - I HFP &F
. ^ eK F $K I R
!)&= P] cNnfx . P] ;ftf]+ cf;dfgf]+ s] /a\ cf}/ cz]{ chÞLd
s] /a\ . P] xdf/] cf}/ x/ rLhÞ s] /a . bfg] cf}/ u'7nL sf]
kmf8Þg] jfn] , tf}/ft , OGhLn cf}/ km'/sÞfg -s+'/cfg_ s]
gflhÞn\ s/g] jfn]Û d}+ x/ p; rLhÞ sL a'/fO{ tyf z/\ ;]
t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F lh; sL k]zfgL t" ks8Þ] x'P x} . P]
cNnfx Û t" xL cJjn\ x} k;\ t'em\ ;] kxn] sf]O{ rLhÞ gxL+
cf}/ t" xL cflvÞ/ x} k;\ t]/] afb sf]O{ rLhÞ gxL+ . t" xL
hÞflx/ x} k;\ t'em ;] pmk/ sf]O{ rLhÞ gxL+ cf}/ t" xL afltg\
x} k;\ t'em ;] clws kf]zLbf sf]O{ rLhÞ gxL+ . xdf/f sÞh{
cbf s/ b] cf}/ xd]+ d'xÞtfhuL ;] -lgsfn s/_ uÞgL s/ b] .
-d'l:nd $÷@)*$_
4P \F &F IIBI I F@F I I Fe,I I II I wK )F 0RO$S R S$R M P 7 I $KF)) 108
(( 0 I ^ ¢P M .F I M $F VI &R F@ .F P N R
!)*= ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} lh; g] xd]+ lvnfof cf}/
lknfof cf}/ xd]+ sfkmL xf] uof cf}/ xd]+ l7sfgf lbof, k;\
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٧٧
lstg] xL nf]u P];] x}+ lhGx]+ sf]O{ lskmfot\ s/g] jfnf gxL+ g
sf]O{ l7sfgf b]g] jfnf x} . -d'l:nd $@@)*% _
@L m N I ^ P « I * R IN $ I wR F& R 1I I'o
N $I c ^ PI $K 4I $R I( 4N 'M $F 109
P R I VgK I J I R - I
^ L M()F TI P)F .S ^ I $F^ .F F) M 'I P )F M \F RI I tk VP I
.4̀R P M <
F ^ M N dM )F P )F =tM, VgK I 9F(I { I ^ IHK )F K )FI R @R P R I R FPo
N $ J I
!)(= P] cNnfx P] uÞ}a tyf xÞflhÞ/ sf] hfgg] jfn], cf;dfgf]+
cf}/ hÞdLg sf] k}bf s/g] jfn], x/ rLhÞ s] /a cf}/ dflns Û
d}+ ujfxL b]tf x"F ls t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ .
d}+ t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F ckg] g¶;\ s] z/\ ;] cf}/ z}tfg s]
z/\ cf}/ p; s] lzs{ ;] cf}/ O; aft ;] ls d}+ ckgL hfg
k/ sf]O{ a'/fO{ s?F of ls;L cf}/ d';ndfg s] lnP a'/fO{ sf
sf/0f ag"F . -ca"bfpmb $@#!& , cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!$@_
.-
M K M $K R R I
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N $ F#^vP6I 4 $ )LI eK I# 110
!!)= lwjrql&lt~nk R I P N $ F #^vP6I 4¹ $¹vkSj lwjrqy&eqYd
-
M K M $K R R I
^ 0RO$S I I I56I i<+sA
- lqldhÞL , g;fO{ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ $÷@%%_
-I !P$F^ 0^!P)F T M pP N &FI -I P$F^ VgK I T M P F,P )F 4N 'M $F )) 111
-I P$F^ n= 5I2P I I n= 5IK I -
I P$F^ 0^'P jF * M uK
I $K)FI - I P$F^ VI '^ dP I T
M 'P dN I I
-
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I PR IPI .F I uF I K I .F
((T I K ,I P )F 0RO$S
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٧٨
!!!= P] cNnfx15 d}+ g] ckg] gkm\; -k|f0f_ sf] t]/] xÞjfn] s/
lbof cf}/ ckgf dfdnf t'em] ;f}+k lbof cf}/ ckgf r]x/f
t]/L t/km s/ lnof cf}/ ckgL kL7 t]/L cf]/ e'msfO{ . t]/L
t/km /uÞat\ s/t] x'P cf}/ t'em ;] 8/t] x'P . t]/] b/ s]
l;jf g sf]O{ kgfx sL hux x} cf}/ g efu s/ hfg] sL .
d}+ O{dfg nfof t]/L p; lstfa k/ hf] t" g] ptf/L cf}/ t]/]
p; gaL k/ hf] t" g] e]hf .
-bl nqvk dks i<+us okys ds ckjs esa uch us Qjek;k% ^^vxj rqEgkjh ekSr
gks tk;s rks rqEgkjh ekSr fQr~jrs bLyke ij gksxh**A a'vÞf/L kmt\xÞ'n\ af/L s]
;fy !!÷!!# d'l:nd $÷@)*! _
29- /ft sf] s/\

s/j\ 6\ abn\
abnt]\t] ;do sL b'cf
/ft sf] ha s/j6\ abn] tf] ox b'cf k9Þ] M
!II
^ P « I *
R I
N $ m
~ I M N'eF $K M /R I$K
h .S ^ I $F^.F )) 112
(( M SI $K vM #^v I $K I'M IP
I
!!@= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ . hf]
cs]nf cf}/ tfs+tjf/ x} . cf;dfgf]+ cf}/ hÞdLg cf}/ pg s]
aLr sL ;f/L rLhÞf]+ sf /a, ax't u+flna ax't dfkm s/g]
jfnf x} . -O;] xÞflsd\ g] l/jfot\ s/s] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} cf}/ h+xaL g]
O;sL k'li6 sL x} !@%$), cdn'n&of}ld jn&n}nf g;fO{, OAg';&;'GgL,
b]lvP ;xÞLx'Þn\ hfldcÞ\ $÷@!#_
15
tc rqe lksus pyks rks uekt+ ds oqt+w dh rjg oqt+w dj yks fQj nkfgus
djoV ij ysV dj ;g nqvk i<+ksA
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٧٩
30& gL+
gLb+ d]
d]+ ar
] gL
}gL cf}
cf/} 3a/\ fx6
fx6\
tyf jxÞzt\
\zt\ sL b'cf
zt
R 1R I5(R J I I R
^ Fe(R I R 5^"
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g* R IR\F
^ L M()F ))113
(( R M"
M7 P I# K )FI ¶I wR Io
N $ *R IvI 2I P R I
!!#= d}+ cNnfx s] k"/] slndft sL kgfx ks8Þtf x"F p; s]
uÞ':;] cf}/ p; sL ;hÞf ;], p; s] aGbf]+ s] z/\ ;], z}tfgf]+
s] rf]sf]+ ;] cf}/ O; aft ;] ls j] d]/] kf; xÞflh/ xf]+ .
-ca"bfpmb $÷!@ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!&!_
31- sf]O{ cfbdL a'/f VÞjfa -;kg

;kgf_
b]v] tf] Sof s/] <
!!$=
-!_ ckgL afoL+ cf]/\ tLg af/ y"s] . -d'l:nd $÷!&&@_
-@_ z}tfg cf}/ ckg] O; VÞjfa sL a'/fO{ ;] tLg af/
cNnfx sL kgfx dfFu] . -d'l:nd $÷!&&@] !&&#_
-#_ ox VÞjfa ls;L sf] g ;'gfP . -d'l:nd $÷!&&@_
-$_ lh; kxn" k/ n]6f xf] p;] abn\ b] . -d'l:nd$÷!&&#_
!!%=
!!%
-%_ cu/ OR5f xf] tf] p7 s/ gdfhÞ k9Þ] .
-d'l:nd $@!&&#_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٨٠
32- sÞ'g"t] ljq sL b'cfPF .
V^$SI !I6I T
I !P&F I( P I R& V^&R I(I ITP#I 2I P I R& V^R 2P 4N 'M S$F ))116
-
I !N3^&F T I P!I"HF I N I V^HRI T I PF P()F IR& VR$ P ^ I
I T I P$SI 6I P I R&
[T
I P#1I I( P I v~ R I#.F I ] T
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I PF(I 9I"eK M# .F I VR"eK 6I
(( T
I P$F I 6II I
NI T
I @K I I56I
!!^= P] cNnfx t" g] lhg nf]uf]+ sf] lxbfot\ bL x} pGxL+ lxbfot
ofkmtf nf]uf]+ d]+ ;] d'em] eL s/ b] cf}/ lhg nf]uf]+ sf] t"g]
cÞflkmot\ bL x} pGxL+ s] ;fy d'em] eL cÞflkmot\ b] cf}/ lhg sf
t" jfnL agf x} pGxL+ s] ;fy ;fy d]/f eL jfnL ag hf , cf}/
t"g] hf] s'5 d'em] ctf lsof x} p; d]+ d]/] lnP a/st\ b] , cf}/
hf] km}l;n] t"g] lsP x}+ pg sL a'/fO{ ;] d'em] dxÞ\km"h /v\ .
Sof]+ls t" xL km}l;nf s/g] jfnf x} cf}/ t]/] lvnfkm sf]O{ eL
km}l;nf gxL+ s/ ;stf . lh; sf t" bf]:t ag hfP jx seL
?:fjf gxL+ xf] ;stf , cf}/ lh; sf t" b'Zdg ag hfP jx
OHÞhÞt\ jfnf gxL+ xf] ;stf . P] xdf/] /a\ t" ax't a/st\ jfnf
cf}/ a'nGb x} .
- vcw nkÅn] f=fet+h] ulkbZ] bCus ektk] vgen] nkjeh] gkfde] cSgd+h] nksuks
dks"Bksa ds chp cSgd+h ds 'kCn gSa] vkSj nsf[k,% ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL !÷!$$, ;xÞLxÞ
OAg] dfhf !÷!($, bjokmy x+yhy ^vyckuh* 2@172 _
P !R -I !R6 F& I M
Î -
I R _I ,I P R I Ip^ ^
L P (M )F VJ^ 4N 'M S$F)) 117
TI !PIK)F I@F T
I P)F -
I PF(I t¦ IF 9R/P )L .F - I PR - I
^ L M()FI - I R
ILe(M
. (( - I g K I 9F(I
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٨١
!!&= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L gf/fhÞuL ;] efu s/ t]/L /h+f sL
cf]/ kgfx ks8Þtf x"F cf}/ t]/L ;hÞf ;] t]/L dfkmL sL kgfx
rfxtf x"F, cf}/ t'em ;] t]/L xL kgfx rfxtf x"F . d}+ t]/L k"/L
tf/Lkm aofg s/g] sL tfsÞt\ gxL+ /vtf . t" p;L t/x x}
lh; t/x t" g] vÞ'b\ ckgL tf/Lkm sL x} .
- vcw nkÅn] f=fet+h] ulkbZ] bCus ektk, cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!*)
cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷!($, bjokmy x+yhy ^vyckuh* 2@175_
9 I !PI -I !P$FÎ M M !PII V I M -I $FI M 5M P I I N#^ 4N 'M S$F 118
I #^&R !F\$K ^
-
I
IFO(I S ^ - I
IFO(I 9oI_ P II - I II /P I MdP I MR 7 P II
.F I I !P_
I $K -
I PF(I V^?KMI I M R P I
P II - I MR I
P I N^ 4N 'M S$F .z 7
I K M
. I M L \K I# P I qM F_
P II -
I $F qM " I ºK I I-
^ M R ¢P MI I M L \K I
!!*= P] cNnfx xd t]/L xL Oafbt\ s/t] x}+ . t]/] lnP xL
gdfhÞ k9Þt] cf}/ ;h\bf s/t] x}+ . t]/L t/km xL sf]lzz\ cf}/
hNbL s/t] x}+ . t]/L /xÞdt\\ sL pDdLb /vt] x}+ cf}/ t]/]
chÞfa ;] 8/t] x}+ . t]/f chÞfa sflkm/f]+ sf] ldng] jfnf x} .
P] cNnfx xd t'em ;] dbb\ dfFut] x}+ cf}/ t'em ;] alVzz\
dfFut] x}+ . t]/L cR5L tf/Lkm s/t] x}+ . t'em ;] s'k|m gxL+
s/t] cf}/ t'em k/ O{dfg /vt] x}+ cf}/ t]/] ;fdg] em'st] x}+
cf}/ hf] t'em ;] s'k|m s/]] xd p; ;] ckgf l/Ztf vTd
s/t] x}+ .
-lquu dqczk cSgd+h 2@211 vkSj cSgd+h us bldh lun dks lghg dgk gS] z}vÞ
cn\afgL ckgL lstfa Ojf{pn\ uÞnLn d]+ km/dft] x}+ ls O; sL ;gb\
;xÞLxÞ x} @÷!&) cf}/ ox b'cf pd/ -_ s] sÞf}n ;] ;flat x} /;"n'Nnfx
;] gxL+ _
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٨٢
33- ljq ;] ;nfd km]/g] s] afb sL b'cf
.¥
^ ~eL $K -
R RI $K F I75P,M 119
!!(= kfs x} ax't kfsLhÞuL jfnf afbzfx .
fo= ls lyke Qsjus ckn ;g nqvk rhu ckj i<+s] rhljh ckj cqyUn vkokt+ ls
i<+s vkSj vkokt+ yEch djs vkSj mlds lkFk ;g Hkh i<+s %
[¤
^ ~$I nR \F rR%
F I $K m
J I ]
kml/Ztf]+ cf}/ /mx -lha|Ln_ sf /a\ .
-g;fO{ #÷@$$, bf/sÞ'tgL, a/]ls6 s] aLr s] zAb bf/sÞ'tgL s] x}+
@@#!, O;sL ;gb\ ;xÞLxÞ x}, nsf[k, t+knqy evkn 'kqvSc vkSj vCnqy d+kfnj
vjukÅr dh rgd+hd+ 1@337_
34- uÞd\ -lrGtf_cf}/ lkmj|m s] ;do sL b'cfP

fP+
IR !I
^ VRI!R8 I I-RI )F M
P IR 5P(I M
P IM 5P(I VJ^ 4N 'M S$F ))120
I-!F$ I 2M 4̀P, \L
^ - I $LuF,P )F I§M I"HF VN &R Gx P (I - I M \K /M VN &R ` I
I-eR K aI P R =I/)F M IP S(I P )F - I
^ I@R VR& M I$KvI P)F P )F I- I K I R
^ T
I PN ,I
V!^5K HF qI ^
I F BPeL $K F I
P 6I K )F II P(R c
^ PI $K 4^ K (R VR& R
^ * I P FuK I,P ^ )F
(( VJ2I m I I2F I V^vP /M t % F dI I 0^P 8 I I MI
!@)= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/f aGbf x"F . t]/] aGb] cf}/ t]/L aGbL sf
a]6f x"F . t]/f x'Sd d'em d]+ hf/L x} . d]/] af/] d]+ t]/f km}l;nf
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٨٣
O+;fkm k/ da\gL x} . d}+ t'em ;] t]/] x/ p; vÞf; gfd s]
h+l/P] hf] t" g] vÞ'b ckgf gfd /vf x} of p;] ckgL lstfa
d]+ gflhÞn lsof x} of ckgL dvÞ\n"sÞ d]+ ;] ls;L sf] l;vfof
x} of t"g] p;] ckg] ONd] uÞ}a d]+ dxÞ\km"hÞ s/ /vf x} ox
;jfn s/tf x"F ls t" s'Þ/cfg sf] d]/] lbn sL axf/ cf}/ d]/]
;Lg] sf g"/ cf}/ d]/] uÞd\ sf] b"/ s/g] jfnf cf}/ d]/L
k/]zfgL sf] vTd s/g] jfnf agf b] .
-d':fgb\ cxÞ\db\ !÷#(! Zf}vÞ cn\afgL -/lx_ g] O;] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} _
^!I\F $KI v^
P I $KI RvI 7
I $KI 4J 'I $K I R -I
^ L M()F VJ^ 4N 'M S$F)) 121
.(( G^ IdJ $ nR 5IFF I ^ P#N $ q^ Fp
I I ^ 5P
M K$I ^ _
P 5M$KI
!@!= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F k/]zfgL cf}/ uÞd\ ;]
cf}/ cÞflhhÞ\ xf] hfg] tyf ;':tL j sflxnL ;] cf}/ a'HfÞ lbnL
cf}/ a'Vn\ -sGh";L_ ;] cf}/ sÞh{ -C0f_ s] af]em cf}/ nf]uf]+
s] u+Na] ;] . -a'vÞf/L &÷!%* /;"n'Nnfx ox b'cf clws ;] clws
lsof s/t] y] . b]lvP a'vÞf/L kmt\xÞ'n\af/L s] ;fy !!÷!&# _
35 - a]sÞ/f/L tyf a]r}gL sL b'cf
¬
^ P !I $K m
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¬
^ P !I $K m
~ I I
^ P « m ~ I I *R II !N$ m ~ I h .S ^ I $F^.F 4^ R I $K
.((»^ ^ \
F $K
!@@= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ eL Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ gxL+ . jx
chÞ\dt\ jfnf tyf a'ba{ f/ x} . cNnfx s] cnfjf sf]O{
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٨٤
Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ hf] a8]+ cz{ sf /a\ x} . cNnfx s]
l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ hf] cf;dfgf]+ sf /a\ cf}/
hÞdLg sf /a\ cf}/ cz]{ s/Ld sf /a\ x} .
-a'vÞf/L &÷!%$ d'l:nd $÷@)(@ _
P R8
P )FI ` P(I nF &FP wF VgK I <
F ^ V^K \R 6I %
F &F MdP )F -
I II /P I 4N 'M S$F)) 123
(( TI P)F .S ^ I $F^ .F M S@L VûK I VR$
!@#= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L /xÞ\dt\ xL sL cfzf /vtf x"F . O;
lnP t" d'em] kns\ emks\g] s] a/fa/ eL d]/] gkm\; -cfTdf_
s] xÞjfn] g s/ cf}/ d]/] lnP d]/] tdfd sfd 7Ls s/ b] .
t]/] l;jf sf]O{ eL Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ gxL+ .
-ca"bfpmb $÷#@$ cxÞdb\ %÷$@ z}vÞ cn\afgL /lxÞ g] O;] xÞ;g\ sxf x},
b]lvP ;xLx ca"bfpmb #÷(%( ._
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!@$= t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ gxL+ , t" kfs x} .
a]zs d}+ xL hÞflndf]+ d]+ ;] x"F .
-lqldhÞL %÷%@(, cf}/ xflsd g] O;] ;xLx sxf x} cf}/ h+X\aL g] O;sL
k'li6 sL x} !@%)%, cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!^* _
. =+PI R
^ M ^ P )L .F VJ
I
h
h 125
!@%= cNnfx, cNnfx d]/f /a\ x}, d}+ p; s] ;fy ls;L rLhÞ
sf] z/Ls gxL+ s/tf .
-ca"bfpmb @÷*& cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf @÷##% _
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٨٥
36- b'Zdg\
dg\ tyf zf;g\
zf;g\ clwsf/L
;] d'nfsÞft s] ;do sL b'cf
.4P 2R ^ MM P R -
I
^ L M II 4P 2R ^ M7M VR& -
I L I PI N^ 4N 'M S$F 126
!@^= P] cNnfx xd t'emL sf] pg s] d'sÞflan] d]+ s/t] x}+
cf}/ pg sL z/f/tf]+ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxt] x}+ .
-ca"bfpmb @÷*(, xÞflsd g] O;] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} cf}/ hÞxaL g] eL O; k/
ckgL ;xdlt JoQm sL x} @÷!$@ _
GL M8)F -
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.L 6R FH)L -
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!@&= P] cNnfx t" xL d]/] afh+" -;xfos_ x} cf}/ t" xL d]/f
dbb\uf/ x} . t]/L xL dbb ;] d}+ b'Zdg sL rfnf]+ sf] /f]stf
x"¡ cf}/ t]/L xL tf}kmLs+ ;] d}+ xÞdnf s/tf x"F cf}/ t]/L
tfs+t s] ;fy xL d}+ b'Zdg ;] n8Þtf x"F .
-ca"bfpmb #÷$# lqldhÞL %÷%&@ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!*#_
.L R@I $K 4I P Î
h I5M
P /I 128
!@*= xdf/] lnP cNnfx xL sfkmL x} cf}/ jx a]xt/Lg
sf/;fhÞ x} . - a'vfÞ /L %÷!&@ _
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٨٦
37- zf;s\
zf;s\ s] cTofrf/ ;] 8/g] jfn]
jfn] sL b'cfP+
fP+
V!R$ P @L ^4^R I $K ¬

^ P I $K mN I I ^q5PN $ * R II N $ m
N I 4N 'M S$F 129
z !I/)F VN (I
F M K I# K )F I-eR rR% F aI P R R
Îv/P )FI %
F &L ^
P R %
F &L P R = Id
.T I P)F .S ^ I $F^ .F I I§M IF S dI I IM Id vN (I 9I K I# P )F 4P 'M PR
!@(= P] cNnfx . ;ftf]+ cf;dfgf]+ s] /a\ cf}/ a8] cz{ s] /a\
d]/] lnP kmnfF lag kmnfF ;] cf}/ ckgL dVn"s+ d]+ ;] pgs]
hTyf]+ ;] O; aft ;] kgfx b]g] jfnf ag hf ls pg d]+ ;]
sf]O{ d]/] pmk/ lh+ofbtL s/] of ;/szL s/] . t]/L kgfx
ax't dh+a"t x} cf}/ t]/L tf/Lkm ax't a8+L x} cf}/ t]/] l;jf
sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ gxL+ . - cb\a'n\ d'km\/b lnn a'vf/L g= &)&,
z}v cnafgL g] O;] ;xLx sxf x}, ;xÞLxÞ cb\a'n\ d'km\/b\ %$% _
I { M !Ia)F !NR v~ (I )F h F = RdI R eR K aI P R v~ (I )F h F M5I@K )F
h F 130
K )F q^ 5P!N$ * R II
N $ -
R g P M $K I2M .S ^ I $F^ .F 0OR $S g
L M()F MOF /P )F
R !R( I56P)FI R 1R !MdM I % F &L I R 5P(I J I P R R^K 3^
^ .S ^
^ P « 9F(I I P eF I#
S !Id P42R J !I P R = Id VR$ P @L 4N 'M $F ^Pµg I J ^ $K I R R(R IP )I
.I M PF I $F^ .F I I-M ,P I I I56II IM Id vN (I I I §M IF
!#)= cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . cNnfx ckgL ;f/L dvÞn"sÞft
;] ;a ;] H++ofbf tfs+t cf}/ uNaf jfnf x} . d}+ lh; rLhÞ ;]
8/tf cf}/ vf}km vftf x"F cNnfx p; ;] sxL+ H+ofbf
tfs+tjf/ x} . d}+ p; cNnfx sL kgfx d]+ cftf x"F lh; s]
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٨٧
l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ gxL,hf] ;ftf]+ cf;dfgf]+ sf]
hÞdLg k/ lu/g] ;] yfd] x'P x} n]lsg p; sL Ohfht ;]
-lu/;st] x}+_, t]/] kmnfF aGb] s] z/\ ;], cf}/ p; s] nZs/f],+
r]nf]+ cf}/ lhGgftf]+ cf}/ OG;fgf]+ d]+ ;] p;s] hTyf]+ sL a'/fO{
;] -t]/L kgfx d]+ cftf x"¡_ . P] cNnfx t" pg s] z/ ;] d]/]
lnP dbbuf/ ag hf . t]/L tf/Lkm ax't a8+L x}, t]/L kgfx
ax't dh+a"t x} cf}/ t]/f gfd ax't a/st jfnf x} cf}/ t]/]
l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ gxL+ .
-cb\a'n\ d'km\/b lnn a'vf/L xbl; g= &)*, z}v cnafgL g] O;] ;xLx
sxf x}, ;xÞLxÞ'n\ cb\lan\ d'km\/b\ %$^_
38 – b'Zdg\
dg\ s] lnP ab\
abb'\bc
' f
4N 'M S$F m
I Iv/P « ;^ v^ 2P ^m I7
R $K qI #^,I ^m I\R $K GF v^ PM 4N 'M S$F 131
.4P 'M $Kv^ $K]I I 4P 'M P v^ 2P
!#!= P] cNnfx Û P] lstfa ptf/g] jfn], hNbL lxÞ;fa n]g]
jfn] Og hdfctf]+ sf] lzs:t b] b], P] cNnfx OGx]+ lzs:t
b] cf}/ OGx]+ ;VÞt lem+emf]8Þ b] . -d'l:nd #÷!#^@_
39– yksxksa ls Mjs rks ;g nqvk ek¡xs
.T
I +KR I
^ 4P '^ ^R @K 4N 'M $F 132
!#@= P] cNnfx d'em] Og ;] sfkmL xf] hf lh; t/x t"
rfx] . -d'l:nd $÷@#))_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٨٨
40 - lh;] ckg] O{dfg d]+

zs\
zs\ xf] hfP p;s] lnP b'cf
!##= -!_ cNnfx sL kgfx dfFu] .
-a'vÞf/L kmt\xÞ'n\af/L s] ;fy ^÷##^, d'l:nd !@!@)_
-@_ lh; rLhÞ d]+ zs k}bf xf] /xf x} p; ;] ?s hfP .
-a'vÞf/L kmt\xÞ'n\af/L s] ;fy ^÷##^, d'l:nd !@!@) _
!#$= -#_ ox b'cf k9Þ] M
R R,M M I
g ^
T
M PI B 134
d}+ O{dfg nfof cNnfx cf}/ p; s] /;"nf]+ k/ .
- d'l:nd !÷!!(+&!@) _
!#%= -$_ cNnfx sf ox km/dfg k9Þ] M
tk VP !I \L
^ I 2M I MwR I5$KI M2R S$I M aR ¸I GL N « N 2M 135
4z R(I
jxL cJjn\ x} jxL cflvÞ/ x} jxL hflx/ x} jxL afltg\ x}
cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ sf] hfgg] jfnf x} . - ca"bfpmb $÷#@( z}vÞ
cn\afgL -/lx_ g] O;] xÞ;g\ sxf x} ,;xLx ca"bfpmb #÷(^@.
41 - sÞh{ sL cbfouL s] lnP b'cf
.I I,R P N (I -
I R"
P F
^ V^^K )FI -
I R I/I P (I -
I $R%
F7I
^ V^R @K 4N 'M S$F136
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٨٩
!#^= P] cNnfx d]/] lnP ckgL xÞnfn rLhfÞ]+ s] ;fy ckgL
xÞ/fd rLhÞf]+ ;] sfkmL xf] hf cf}/ d'em] ckg] kmh\Þn j s/d\
s] hÞl/of ckg] l;jf ;eL nf]uf]+ ;] a]lgofh+ s/ b] .
-lqldhÞL %÷%^), b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!*) _
^ !I\F $KI v^
P I $KI R vI 7
I $KI 4J 'I $K I R - I
^ L M()F VJ^ 4N 'M S$F 137
.G^ IdJ $ nR 5IFF I ^ P#N $ q^ Fp
I I ^ 5P
M $KI ^ _
P 5M$KI
!#&= P] cNnfx d}+ k/]zfgL cf}/ uÞd\ ;], cÞflhhÞL tyf ;':tL
;], avÞLnL -sGh";L_ tyf a'h+lÞbnL ;], sÞh{ -C0f_ s] af]em
cf}/ nf]uf]+ s] ckg] Åij x+kfyc vkus ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf
x"F . -a'vÞf/L &÷!%*_
42 – gdfhÞ d]
d]+ of sÞ/' cfg k9
k9Þt] ;do
k}bf xf]g] jfn] j:f
j:fj;f]+ ;] arg] sL b'cf
.4^ ^dN $ R FPo
N $ I R
g ^
L M()F 138
!#*= eSa 'kSrku enZwn ls vYykg dh iukg esa vkrk gw¡A
;g i<+ dj ck;ha vksj rhu ckj Fkwd nksA - d'l:nd $÷!&@( O; s]
/fjL p:dfg -/lh_ km/dft] x}+ ls d}+ g] P];f xL lsof tf] cNnfx tcfnf
g] O;] d'em ;] b"/ s/ lbof_
43 – p; cfbdL sL b'cf lh;
k/ sf]O{ sfd d'lZsn\
Zsn\ \ xf] hfP
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٩٠
F^ F vP !I7$K L !I
P 6I T
I P)FI %
= 'P ,I M IK I dI I .S ^ F 'P ,I .F 4N 'M S$F 139
.% = 'P ,I T
I +KR
!#(= P] cNnfx sf]O{ sfd cf;fg gxL+ du/ lh;] t" cf;fg
s/ b] cf}/ t" ha rfx] d'lZsn\ sf] cf;fg s/ b]tf x} .
-;xÞLxÞ OAg] lxÞAafg xÞbL; g) @$@& -djfl/b_ OAg';&;'GgL g=#%!,
gkfQt+ us dgk % ;g gnhl lghg gSA vkSj vCnqy d+kfnj vjukÅr us beke
uooh dh fdrkc vy&vt+dkj dh r[kjht esa bl gnhl dks lghg dgk gSA
nsf[k, i`"B u-106_
44– u'gfx s/ a}
a7} ] tf]
tf] sf}Gf
;L bcf
'cf k9
k9Þ] cf}
cf/} Sof s/]
s/] <
V!IM&F ;M !LeI# 4N L I M' $ M

g7 P M&F =5PF cM ÔK M# 5P(I P R I 140
.M $F h I F F .S ^
M R P I
P I# 4N L ^PII @K I
!$)= ha ls;L aGb] ;] u'gfx xf] hfP tf] jx cR5L t/x\Þ
j'h" s/] lkm/ v8+f xf]s/ bf] /s\ct -gk\mnL_ gdfhÞ k9Þ] lkm/
cNnfx ;] av\Þlzz\ sL b'cf dfFu] tf] cNnfx tcfnf P];]
aGb] sf] aVÞz b]tf x} . -ca"bfpmb @÷*^ lqldhÞL @÷@%& cf}/ z}v
vyckuh us bls lghg dgk gS] lghg vcw nkÅn 1@283_
45- z}tfg cf}/ p; s] j:f

j:fj;]
j;] b"/ s/g]
s/g] sL b'cf
M PR
g ^
L F I R,P .141
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٩١
!$!= -!_ z}tfg ;] cNnfx sL kgfx df+ugf .
-ca"bfpmb !÷@)^ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL !÷&& cf}/ b]lvP ;"/f
cn&d"ldg"g M (* , (( _
L F« 142
!$@= -@_ chÞfg . -d'l:nd !÷@(! a'vÞf/L !÷!%! _
Be$ tH @« 143
!$#= -#_ d:fg"g b'cfPF cf}/ s'/cfg sL ltnfjt\ .
¼/;"n'Nnfx km/dft] x}+ ls ckg] 3/f]+ sf] sÞa/:tfg g agfcf], z}tfg p;
3/ ;] efutf x} lh; d]+ ;"/f as\Þ/f k9ÞL hfo] . -d'l:nd !÷%#(_
cf}/ ;'axÞ j zfd tyf ;f]g] hfug] sL b'cfo],+ 3/ d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] cf}/ 3/ ;]
afx/ lgsn\g] sL b'cfPF, dl:hb d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] cf}/ dl:hb ;] afx/ lgsn\g]
sL b'cfPF eL z}tfg sf] euftL x}+ . O;L t/x b";/L d:fg"g b'cfPF h};] ;f]t]
;do cfotn\ s';L{ k9Þgf, ;"/f asÞ\/f sL cflvÞ/L bf] cfot]+ k9Þgf cf}/ hf]
cfbdL ;f} af/ k9Þ] M --nf Onfxf OnnNnfx' jxÞ\bx" nf z/Ls nx" nx'n\ d'n\s'
j nx'n\ xÞDb' jx'jf cnf s'lNn z}Og\ sÞbL/ __ tf] k"/f lbg z}tfg ;] dxÞkm"hÞ
/x]uf . O;L t/x chÞfg eL z}tfg sf] euftL x} .½
46 – gfk;GbLbf jflsÞcf
k]z cfg] of a]a;L sL b'cf
/;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M cNnfx s] oxf¡ tfsÞt\j/ df]ldg\ sDfhÞf]/
df]ldg\ ;] a]xt/ cf}/ dxa"a x} hals bf]gf]+ d]+ enfO{ x}, hf] sfd
t'Dx]+ gkmf b] p; s] clenfifL agf] cf}/ cNnfx ;] dbb df+uf], a]a;
xf]s/ g a}7f], cu/ t'Dx]+ sf]O{ g's\;
Þ fg kx'Fr hfP tf] ox dt\ sxf]
ls -- cu/ d}+ O; t/x\ s/tf tf] ox xf] hftf __ alNs o"F sxf] M
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٩٢
F I &F t I II
h IN HF 144
!$$= cNnfx g] -P];f xL_ tsÞbL/ d]+ lnvf yf cf}/ p; g] hf]
rfxf lsof .
Sof]+ls --cu/__ sf zAb z}tfg sf sfd z'¿ s/ b]tf x} .
- d'l:nd $÷@)%@_
47 – gof k}bf xf]g]

g] jfn] aRr]
sL d'af/s\
f/safb
\afb cf}/ p;sf hjfa
¼F !F
II Ic!R2I$K *
I P \F I I I-$F m
^ M2P I $K VR& -
I $F h I I I
145
.M N
^ T
I HK ]^ M I MN M )F
!$%= cNnfx t'Dx]+ O; aRr] d]+ hf] t'Dx]+ ctf lsof uof x}
a/st\ b] . b]g] jfn] cNnfx sf t'd z'qm cbf s/f] . jx ckgL
hjfgL sf] kx'+r] cf}/ t'Dx]+ p; sf cR5f ;'n"s g;La xf] .
lh;] d'af/s\afb bL hf /xL xf] jx d'af/s\afb b]g] jfn] s]
lnP O; t/x b'cf s/] M
M!F?KR
h-
I !FH]I I I =PaI
h I IvdI I I-PF(I I I I
I -
I $F h I I I
.- I
IIF GF vI dP )FI
cNnfx t]/] lnP cf}/ t'em k/ a/st\ km/dfo] cf}/ cNnfx
t'em] a]xt/Lg abnf b] cf}/ cNnfx p; h};f t'em] eL gjfhÞ]
cf}/ t'em] ax't H+ofbf ;jfa b] . -uooh dh vt+~dkj i`"B 349] vkSj
lyhe fgykyh dh lghgqy vt+dkj fyu&uooh 2@713_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٩٣
48 - aRrf]+ sf] lsg slndft s]

;fy cNnfx sL kgfx d]+ lbof hfP
/;"n'Nnfx xÞ;g\ cf}/ xÞ';}g sf] Og slndft s] ;fy
cNnfx sL kgfx d]+ lbof s/t] y] M
@L P R I n N I2I FPI @L P R nR N N$
g *
R IR\F
^ I@L OL R()L 146
.n N .F ` P(I
!$^= d}+ t'd bf]gf]+ sf] x/ z}tfg cf}/ hÞx\/Ln] hfgj/ ;] cf}/
x/ nu\ hfg] jfnL ghÞ/ ;] cNnfx s] d'sDdn\ slndft s]
;fy kgfx b]tf x"F . -a'vÞf/L $÷!!( OAg] cAaf; sL xbL;_
jS+t d/LhÞ s] lnP b'cf

49 - aLdf/ k';L{ s] jS+

h t I K ^ z M'wF ¥
I uK
I.F 147
!$&= sf]O{ xÞ/h\ gxL+ ox aLdf/L cNnfx g] rfxf tf]
-u'gfxf]+ ;]_ kfs s/g] jfnL x} .
-a'vÞf/L kmTx'naf/L s] ;fy !)÷!!*_
-@_
.-
I IR o
P I# K )F 4^ R I $K ¬
^ P I $K m
N I 4^ R I $K
GL uF,P )F 148
!$*= d}+ a8ÞL chÞ\dt\ jfn] cNnfx ;] hf] cz]{ chÞLd sf /a x}
;jfn s/tf x"F ls jx t'em] lzkmf b] . -sf]O{ d';ndfg P];] d/LhÞ
sL aLdf/ k';L{ s/] lh; sL df}t sf ;do g cf kx'Frf xf] cf}/ ;ft af/
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٩٤
ox b'cf k9Þ] tf] cNnfx s] x'Sd ;] p;] lzkmf ldn hftL x}, lqldhÞL ,
ca"bfpmb cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL @÷@!) cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ\
%÷!*)_
50- aLdf/ k';L{ sL kmhÞLnt
n¨ n&a ½ 9o 4 U a) d$ 1 ( )) G H 149

! ( 9 !8 @ 3& n$ 6 d 3& ¾ ¿/
|$) 5, ( 9 8 t @ VÀ ¿/ - |$) 5,
((5# ¿/ -
!$(= xh/t cnL -/lh+_ km/dft] x}+ ls d}+ g] /;"n'Nnfx
;] ;'gf ls -cfbdL ha ckg] d'l:nd efO{ sL aLdf/ k';L{
s] lnP hftf x} tf] jx a}7g] ts hGgt s] kmnf]+ tyf d]jf]+
d]+ rntf x}, ha jx a}7 hftf x} tf] p;] -cNnfx sL_
/x\Þdt\ 9fFk n]tL x}, cu/ ;'axÞ s] ;do uof xf] tf] zfd
ts ;Q/ xhÞf/ kml/Zt] p; s] lnP b'cf s/t] /xt] x}+ cf}/
cu/ zfd s] ;do uof xf] tf] ;Q/ xhÞf/ kml/Zt] ;'axÞ
ts b'cf s/t] /xt] x}+ . - lqldhÞL , OAg] dfhf , cxÞdb cf}/ b]lvP
;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷@$$ cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL !÷@*^ z}vÞ cxdb zfls/
g] eL O;] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} _
51 - lhÞGbuL ;] dfo"; d/LhÞ sL b'cf

.9F(P « ^ R&N $ ^
VêK 7
R $K)FI V^P /I P I VR$P R K 4N 'M S$F 150
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٩٥
!%)= P] cNnfx d'em] aVÞz b], d'em k/ /xÞd\ s/ cf}/ d'em]
/kmLsÞ] cfnf s] ;fy ldnf b] . -a'vÞf/L & ÷!) d'l:nd $÷!*(# _
!%!= cfOzf -/lh+_ km/dftL x}+ ls /;"n'Nnfx jkmft s]
;do ckg] bf]gf]+ xfyf]+ sf] kfgL d]+ 8fn s/ ckg] r]x/] k/
km]/g] nu] cf}/ ox b'cf k9+g] nu] M
*
I\F
I $F *
R P I K $R S ^
h .S ^ I $F^ .F 151
cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ , a]zs\ df}t sL
sO{ ;v\ÞltofF x}+ . -a'vÞf/L kmt\xÞ'n af/L s] ;fy *÷!$$, O; xbL; d]+
ld;jfs sf eL pNn]v x}_

h .S ^ I $F^ .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F^ .F P 5I@K )F h I h .S ^ I $F^ .F 152

h .S ^ I $F^ .F M P 7
I $K M $FI -
M K M $K M $F
h .S ^ I $F^ .F M $F -I #Î .F M I /P I
.g g ^
.S ^ F N HL .F I GF P /I .F I
!%@= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ cf}/
cNnfx ;a ;] a8Þf x} . cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s]
nfosÞ\ gxL+, jx cs]nf x} , cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s]
nfosÞ\ gxL+, jx cs]nf x}, p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ ,
cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ\ gxL+, p;L s] lnP
d'Ns x} cf}/ p;L s] lnP x/ ls:d sL tf/Lkm x} . cNnfx
s] l;jf sf]O{ aGbuL s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ cf}/ g arg] sL tfsÞt\
x} cf}/ g s'5 s/g] sL du/ cNnfx sL dbb\ ;] .
-lqldhÞL , OAg] dfhf, z}vÞ cn\afgL -/lx_ g] O;] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} b]lvP
;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%@ cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf @÷#!& _
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٩٦
52 - hf]
hf] cfbdL d/g] s] sÞ/La
xf] p;] ox slndf k9
k9Þfof hfP
((
h .S ^ I $F^ .F )) – 153
!%#= lh; sf clvÞ/L snfd -- nfOnfxf ONnNnfx __ xf]uf
jx hGgt d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]uf .
- ca"bfpmb #÷!() cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ\ %÷#$@ _
53- lh;] sf]O{ d'

d;Lat\
';Lat\ kx'Fr]
;Lat
jx lgDglnlvt b'bcf
'cf k9
k9Þ]
VR$ |
P RaP )FI VR5IRM VR& V^P dM )K 4N 'M S$F F M d^ I R P$F^ NÎ R S$R N^ 154
. I'PR =>a
!%$= a]zs\ xd cNnfx xL sL ldnlsot x}+ cf}/ xd p;L
sL t/km nf}6 s/ hfg] jfn] x}+ . P] cNnfx d'em] d]/L
d';Lat\ d]+ ;jfa b] cf}/ d'em] O; s] abn] d]+ O; ;] a]xt/
rLhÞ ctf s/ . - d'l:nd @÷^#@ _
jS+t sL b'cf
54 - dl} ot sL cfFv]+ aGb s/t] jS+
VR& R 5êR (I VR& M K LaP I ¶
I J#R 'P I $K VR& M IdI I 1I qP &FP I %
F L $R P R K 4N 'M S$F 155
. R R& M $F P J II R ^ 5PHF VR& M $F P
I &K I ¶
I R $F I $K m
N I I# M $FI I$F P R K I I #^
^ I$K
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٩٧
!%%= P] cNnfx kmnfF sf] -gfd n]s/ sx]_ aVÞz b] cf}/ lxbfot\
kfg] jfnf]+ d]+ O; sf bhf{ -kb_ a'nGb s/ cf}/ O; s] afb O;
s] kL5] /xg] jfnf]+ d]+ t" O; sf hfgzLg -k|ltlglw_ ag hf .
cf}/ P] /Aa'n\ cfndLg xd]+ cf}/ O;] aVÞz b] cf}/ O; s] lnP
O; sL sÞa| sf] s'zfbf s/ b] cf}/ O; s] lnP p; d]+ /f}zgL
s/ b] . - d'l:nd @÷^#$ _
55 – gdfhÞ] hgfhÞf sL b'cf
M!F$vM M ;P ^ @K )FI MP(I | M (P I R &R I(I M P /I P I MF$ P R K 4N 'M S$F 156
I@F I# F_ I $K I R R e II 1R I 5I$KI ^ K ?S$I tg I$K ^
M K
g K I M FaI P M qP ,J I I
%= !P2)FI R^ I1 P R =PaI =I1 M $KR
P)FI ^ IN $ I R I I
P« mI P ?S$ T I PeS I
P !R M OK (R )FI nF N I $K M K aR 1P )FI R d^ P]I P R =PaI =dP]I I RR2P )F P R =PaI
[^ N$ m I FO(I ] ^ 5PeF $K m^ FO(I
!%^= P] cNnfx O;sf] aVz b], cf}/ O; k/ /xÞd\ km/df,
cf}/ O;sf] cflkmot\ b], cf}/ O; sf] dfkm s/ b] , cf}/ O;
sL cR5L d]xdfg gjfh+L s/, cf}/ O; sL sÞa| sf] s'zfbf
s/ b] , cf}/ O; s] u'gfx sf] kfgL, akm{ cf}/ cf]n] ;] w'n\ b]
. cf}/ O; sf] u'gfxf]+ ;] O; t/x ;fkm s/ b] h};] t" g]
;km]b sk\8Þ] sf] d}n ;] ;fkm s/ lbof x} . cf}/ O;] abn] d]+
O; s] 3/ ;] cR5f 3/ b], cf}/ O; s] 3/ jfnf]+ ;] cR5]
3/ jfn] b] cf}/ O; s] hf]8Þ] ;] cR5f hf]8Þf b] . cf}/ O; sf]
hGgt\ d]+ bflvÞn\ km/df . cf}/ O;sf] sÞa| cf}/ hxGgd\ s]
chÞfa ;] arf n] . -d'l:nd @ ÷^^# _
lx:g'n d'l:nd
٩٨
I>^ R !I8I !I5^rR FI IR 2R !II IRJI I IJ7 I $R P R K 4N 'M S$F 157
;^ %F !P,µg 9F(I R ^/P uF&F NR M IPI/P )F P I 4N 'M S$F . I F?P)LI I^ @F F I I>^ 5^@F I
IS!R"6M .F I M I dP )F IP ^ 7
P 6I .F 4N 'M S$F R IÀµg 9F(I M &SI I&F NR M IP&SI 6I P I I
. M I P
I
!%&= P] cNnfx xdf/] lhGbf]+ cf}/ d'bf],{+] xdf/] xflh/ cf}/
ufoa, xdf/] 5f]6f]+ cf}/ a8Þf]+ cf}/ xdf/] dbf]{+ cf}/ cf}/tf]+ sf]
aVÞz b] . P] cNnfx xd d] ;] lh;sf] t" lh+Gbf /v] p;sf]
O:nfd k/ lh+Gbf /v\ cf}/ xd d]+ ;] lh;sf] t" df}t b]
p;sf] O{dfg k/ df}t b] . P] cNnfx O;s] ab\n] -chz_ ;]
xd sf] dx\¿d g /v\ cf}/ O; s] afb xd sf] u'Df/fx g
s/ . -OAg] dfhf !@$*), cxdb @@#^*, b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷@%!_
P R R eR &F I ^ Id^ ^ 5P/I - I RN R VR& F%&L I
P F % F &L S ^ 4N 'M S$F 158
M P /I P I M $F P R K F& . J 7
I $KI tg &FI $K L 2P )F T
I P)FI ^ N$ m^ FO(I I ^ 5PeF K$ nR IP&R
.4M R/N $ M LI $K T
I P)F -I N^
!%*= P] cNnfx kmnfF lag\ kmnfF t]/] lhÞDd] cf}/ t]/L kgfx d]+
x} . O; lnP t" O;] sÞa| sL cfhÞdfOz\ cf}/ hxGgd s] ch+Þfa
;] arf . t" jkmf cf}/ xsÞ\ jfnf x} . O; lnP O;] aVÞz b] cf}/
O; k/ /xd s/ . a]zs t" xL aVÞzg] jfnf ax't Hofbf
d]xÞ/afg x} . -OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷@%! cf}/
ca"bfpmb #÷@!!_
P (I V¡ ^F T I P)FI - I RI /P I 9F$^ }I I/P I-RI )F M
PI I M 5P(I 4N 'M S$F 159
.M P(I ]P I II&F =+gM F F@ K Î R 6R I
I I/ VR& 1P v^ &F Á
g7 P M F F@ K ^ R
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!%(= P] cNnfx ox t]/f aGbf cf}/ t]/L af+bL sf a]6f t]/L
/xÞ\dt\ sf d'x\tÞ fh xf] uof x} cf}/ t" O; sf] chÞfa b]g] ;]
a]lgofh+ x} . cu/ ox g]sL s/g] jfnf yf tf] O; sL
g]lsof]+ d]+ Oh+fkmf s/ cf}/ cu/ a'/fO{ s/g] jfnf yf tf] O;
;] b/\u'hÞ/ -dfkm_ km/df . -xÞflsd g] O;] l/jfot\ lsof cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ
sxf x} cf}/ Odfd hÞxaL g] eL O; k/ ;xdlt JoQm sL x} !÷#%( cf}/
b]lvP z}vÞ cn\afgL -/lx_ sL lstfa cxÞ\sfd'n\ hgfOhÞ\ k[i7 !@% _
56 aRr] k/ gdfh+

gdfh+] hgfhÞf s] bf}/fg sL b'cfP+
fP+
(( ^ 5PeF $K m
^ FO(I P R M OK (R )F 4N 'M $F)) 160
160- ,s vYykg bls d+cz ds vt+kc ls cPkkA
¼lbZn fcu eqlSbc dgrs gSa fd eSa us vcw gqjSjk ds ihNs ,d ,sls cPps dh
uekt+ tukt+k i<+h ftl us dHkh dksbZ iki ugha fd;k Fkk] eSa us mUgsa bu 'kCnksa
esa nqvk djrs gq;s lqukA--- eqoRrk 1@288] eqlUuQ bCus vch 'kSck 2@217]
cSgd+h 4@9] vkSj bldh lun dks 'kqvSc vjukÅr us 'kjgql&lqUuk
fyy&cx+oh dh rgd+hd+ esa lghg dgk gS 5@257½
;g nqvk i<+uk Hkh csgrj gS%
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!^)= P] cNnfx O;] O; s] dfF afk s] lnP kxn] hfs/
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cf}/ P];f l;kmfl/zL agf lh; sL l;kmfl/z\ sÞa"n xf] . P]
cNnfx O; s] ;fy O; s] dfF afk bf]gf]+ s] t/fhÞ" sf] ef/L
s/ b] cf}/ O; s] hl/]o] ] ;] pg bf]gf]+ s] ;jfa sf] a9Þf b]
cf}/ O;] g]s df]ldgf]+ s] ;fy ldnf b] cf}/ O;] Oa|fxLd sL
skmfnt\ d]+ s/ b] cf}/ ckgL /xÞ\dt\ ;] O;] hxGgd s]
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vPNk ?kj vkSj bl ds ?kj okyksa ls vPNk ?kj okys nsA ,s
vYykg gekjs vlYkkQ vkSj gekjs igys tkdj esgeku uokt+h
dh rS;kjh djus okyksa vkSj ge ls igys xqt+js gq,s bZeku okyksa
dks ekQ dj nsA
-b]lvP M OAg] s'+bfdf sL d'ugL #@$!^, z}vÞ lag\ afhÞ -/lx_ sL lstfa
-- cb\b'¿;'n\ d'lxDdf lncfDdltn\ pDdf __ k[i7 !%_
.=Pd)FI =F,I I =wI&F I$F M K I dP 4N M' $F 161
!^!= P] cNnfx O;] xdf/] lnP kxn] ;] hfs/ d]xdfg gjfh+L s]
lnP t}of/L s/g] jfnf cf}/ k]z/j\ cf}/ ;jfa sf hl/of agf
b] . - xÞ;g\ a;/L tfaO{ -/lx_ aRr] s] hgfh+f k/ ;"/f kmfltxf cf}/ ox
b'cf k9+t] y] . auÞjL sL lstfa z/x':;'Ggf %÷#%&, d';Ggkm cAb'/{H+h+fs+
xbL; g=^%**, a'vf/L g] O;] lstfa'n hgfO{h+ d]+ d'cNns+ lh+s| lsof
x}, ^% hgfh+f k/ kmfltxf k9+g] sf afa @@!!# _
57 – tflhÞot\t\ sL b'cf
-d}lot s]
s] 3/ jfnf]
jfnf]+ sf]
sf] ls;
ls; t/x t;
t;NnL b]b_]+
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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^ M I P(R tk VP I @L I 9F (P )F I M $FI OF aI )F I R S$R S 162
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P I$KI P 5^
P I &F ....
!^@= cNnfx xL sf x} hf] p; g] n] lnof cf}/ p;L sf x}
hf] p; g] ctf lsof cf}/ p; s] kf; x/ rLhÞ s] lnP Ps
d's+/{/ jSt x} . O; lnP cfk ;a| ;] sfd n]+ cf}/ ;jfa sL
gLot\ /v]+ . - a'vÞf/L @÷*) d'l:nd @÷^#^ _
cf}/ cu/ O; k|sf/ sx] tf] cR5f x} M
-
I RJI $R I F F I I t Iv(I I
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sf] cR5L t/x t;NnL b], cf}/ cfk s] d/g] jfn]\ sf] aVÞz
b] . - Odfd gjjL sL lstfa cn\chÞ\sf/ k[i7 M !@^ _
58 – dl} ot sf] sÞa| d]+

bflvÞn\ s/t] ;do sL b'cf
.
g G^ M,I nR N,M 9F(I I
g 4^
P
^ 163
!^#= cNnfx s] gfd ;] cf}/ /;"n'Nnfx sL ;'Ggt s]
d'tflasÞ t'Dx]+ sÞa| d]+ bflvÞn s/ /xf x"F . -ca"bfpmb #÷#!$
;gb\ ;xÞLxÞ x} . d':fgb\ cxÞ\db\ s] zAb ox x}+ M
g G^ P ,M I nR SR 9F(I I
g 4^
P
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cf}/ O; sL ;gb\ eL ;xÞLxÞ x}_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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59 - d}lot sf] bkmg\

bkmg\ s/g] s] afb sL b'cf
. M P5JF 4N 'M S$F M $F P R K 4N 'M S$F 164
!^$= P] cNnfx O;] dfkm s/ b], P] cNnfx O;] ;flat
sÞbd /v .
-/;"n'Nnfx ha d'b]{ sf] bkmg s/g] ;] kmfl/uÞ xf]t] tf] p; s] kf;
7x/ s/ km/dft]M -ckg] efO{ s] lnP cNnfx ;] avÞ\lzz\ dfFuf]+ cf}/ O;
s] lnP ;flat\ sÞbd\ /xg] sL b'cf s/f] Sof]+ls ca O; ;] ;jfn lsof
hfo]uf . ca"bfpmb #÷#!% cf}/ Odfd xÞflsd g] O;] l/jfot s/s] ;xÞLxÞ
sxf x} cf}/ Odfd hÞxaL g] O; k/ ;xdlt JoQm sL x} !÷#&)_
60 – sÞaf]|f+] sL lhÞof/t\
f/t\ sL b'cf
K ^ !NÎ ¶ I R R P M $KI ¶
I ^R ¢P M $K I R ^ I#J $ F 2P )F 4P \L PF(I ;M %N$F 165
[I #âR uK I!PM $KI NR ¶I R R eK I
P M $K h 4M /I P I#I ] F Le/R .F 4P \L
^ h t I
. nL I&R I $K 4M \L $FI I$F
h GL uF,P )F
!^%= P] O; 3/ jfn] -sÞa| tyf ahÞ{vÞL 3/ jfn]_ df]ldgf]
cf}/ d';ndfgf] Û t'd k/ ;nfd xf] cf}/ xd eL cu/
cNnfx g] rfxf tf] t'd ;] ldng] jfn] x}+ . [ cf}/ xd d]+ ;]
kxn] hfg] jfnf]+ k/ cf}/ afb d]+ hfg] jfnf]+ k/ cNnfx /x\d
km/dfP .] d}+ ckg] lnP cf}/ t'Dxf/] lnP cNnfx ;]
cÞflkmot\ sf ;jfn s/tf x"+ . -d'l:nd @÷^&!, OAg] dfhf
!@$($, cf}/ zAb pGxL+ s] x}+ cf}/ a'/}bf /fjL x}+, bf]gf]+ a/]ls6f]+ s] aLr
d'l:nd d]+ cfOzf /lh+oNnfx' cGxf sL xbL; s] zAb x}+ @@^&! _
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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61- cf¡wL
cf¡ fP ¡
wL sL b'cfP
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I
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I $LuF,P )F VJ^ 4N 'M S$F 166
!^^= P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] O; sL enfO{ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F
cf}/ O; sL a'/fO{ ;] t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F . -ca"bfpmb $÷#@^
OAg] dfhf @÷!@@* cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf @÷#)%_
T
P F!R,P )L I I PaI I I'R& I I PaI I I2I PaI -
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cf}/ p; rLhÞ sL enfO{ sf hf] O; d]+ x} cf}/ p; rLhÞ sL
enfO{ sf lh; s] ;fy ox e]hL uO{ x} cf}/ d}+ t]/L kgfx
dfFutf x"F O; sL a'/fO{ ;] cf}/ p; rLhÞ sL a'/fO{ ;] hf]
O; d]+ x} cf}/ p; rLhÞ sL a'/fO{ ;] lh; s] ;fy ox e]hL
uO{ x} . -d'l:nd @÷^!^ a'vÞf/L $÷&^_
62- afbn u/
u/ht]
ht] ;do k9
k9ÞL hfg]
hfg] jfnL b'bcf
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5f]8Þ b]t] cf}/ ox b'cf k9Þt] M
R RF Ra P R nL \F rR%
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!^*= kfs x} jx hÞft afbn\ sL u/h lh; sL t:aLxÞ
aofg s/tL x} p; sL tf/Lkm s] ;fy cf}/ kml/Zt] eL p;
s] 8/ ;] p; sL t:aLxÞ k9Þt] x}+ . -df]jQf @÷((@ z}vÞ cn\afgL
-/lx_ km/dft] x}+ ls ;xÞfaL ;] O; b'cf sL ;gb\ ;xÞLxÞ x}_
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63- afl/z\
afl/z\ dfFug]g] sL s'
s5
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'cfPF
%
= d^ !I( Â Ip I PF = R& I = #Î =+#Î =?RM =?PF IeR ,P )F 4N 'M S$F 169
.` d^ B I PF
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vÞ'z\ujf/ , ;/;AhÞ s/g] jfnL cf}/ kmfobf kx'Frfg] jfnL xf],
g's\;
Þ fg b]g] jfnL g xf], hNbL cfg] jfnL xf] g ls b]/ ;]
cfg] jfnL . -ca"bfpmb !÷#)#, z}v cnafgL g] ;xLx ca" bfpmb d]+
O; sL ;gb sf] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} !@@!^_
. I?KR )F 4N 'M S$ I?KR )F 4N 'M S$ I?KR )F 4N 'M S$ 170
!&)= P] cNnfx xd]+ afl/z\ b] . P] cNnfx xd]+ afl/z\ b] . P]
cNnfx xd]+ afl/z\ b] . - a'vÞf/L !÷@@$ d'l:nd @÷^!# _
I I F
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cf}/ ckgL /xÞdt\ sf] km}nf b] cf}/ ckg] d'bf{ zx/ sf] lhÞGbf
s/ b] . -ca"bfpmb !÷#)% cf}/ z}v cnafgL g] ;xLx ca"bfpmb d]+
O;] x;g sxf x} !@@!*_
64- afl/z\
afl/z\ pt/t] ;do sL b'cf
= R& I =5J8
I 4N 'M S$F 172
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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kmtxÞ'n\ af/L s] ;fy @÷%!*_
65- afl/z\
afl/z\ pt/g]] s] afb sL b'cf
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P I I
g ^ "
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^ IP R M 173
!&#= xd k/ cNnfx s] kmh\Þn cf}/ p; sL /xÞdt\ ;] afl/z\
x'O{ . - a'vÞf/L !÷@)% d'l;nd !÷*#_
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^ I $ ;^ F@¸ 9F(I 4N 'M S$F . IPF(I .F I IP$FI/I 4N 'M S$F 174
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k/ g a/;f . P] cNnfx 6Lnf]+ cf}/ kxfl8Þof]+ k/ cf}/ jflbof]+
s] aLr cf}/ k]8Þf]+ s] pug] sL huxf]+ k/ afl/z\ a/;f .
- a'vÞf/L !÷@@$ d'l:nd @÷^!$_
67- gof rfFb b]vg] sL b'cf

nR I %!N$I R !IÀµg I ^ P « !^
IPF(I M S2R )F 4N 'M S$F M 5I@K )F
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s/ cd\g , O{dfg , ;nfdtL cf}/ O:nfd s] ;fy cf}/ p;
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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rLhÞ sL tf}kmLsÞ s] ;fy lh; sf] t" k;Gb s/tf x} P] xdf/]
/a cf}/ lh; ;] t" v'z xf]tf x} . -P] rfFb_ xdf/f /a\ cf}/
t]/f /a\ cNnfx x} . -lqldhÞL %÷%)$ bf/dL !÷##^ zAb bf/dL s]
x}+ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%& _
68- /f]hÞf vf]nt] ;do sL b'cfo]

fo]+

h t I K ^ M dP « T
I 5IFI b
M M M $K T
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g] rfxf tf] ch\/ -;jfa_ ;flat\ xf] uof .
- ca"bfpmb @÷#)^ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ\ $÷@)( _
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P I ,R I VR$S -
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!&&= P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] t]/L p; /xÞdt s] hl/o] ;] lh;
g] x/ rLhÞ sf] 3]/ /vf x} ox ;jfn s/tf x"F ls t" d'em]
aVÞz b] . -OAg] dfhf !÷%%&, ox b'cf cAb'Nnfx lag cd\/ lag\ cÞf;
-_ /f]hfÞ vf]nt] ;do k9f s/Þt] y], xÞflkmhÞ g] cn\chÞ\sf/ sL tvÞ/Lh
d]+ O;] xÞ;g\ sxf x} . b]lvP chÞsf/ sL z/xÞ $÷#$@ _
69- vfgf vfg] ;] kxn] sL b'cf

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cf}/ cu/ z'¿ d]+ sxgf e"n hfP tf] sx] M
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;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL @÷!^& _
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.M PR =PaI IP R wK )FI R R& I$F P ^ I
4N 'M S$F 179
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a]xt/ lvnf .
cf}/ lh;] cNnfx tcfnf b"w lknfP jx ox b'cf k9Þ] M
" M PR I1P ]^ I R R& I$F P ^ I
4N 'M S$F"
P] cNnfx xdf/] lnP O; d]+ a/st\ ctf s/ cf}/ xd]+ O; ;]
eL H+ofbf b] . - lqldhÞL %÷%)^ cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%* _
70- vfg] ;] kmfl/uÞ xf]g] s] afb sL b'cf
.F I VJR G̀P/I ^ PF P R R ^HF]I I I FO2I VÎ I wK )F 0RO$S J $R M P 7

I $K 180
. N HL
!*)= tdfd tf/Lkm]+ p; cNnfx s] lnP x}+ lh; g] d'em] ox
vfgf lvnfof cf}/ d]/L ls;L eL tfsÞt\ s] lagf d'em] ox
vfgf lbof . -ca"bfpmb , lqldhÞL, OAg]dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL
#÷!%(_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١٠٨
[ .F I VÂ !R\K I ] I !PF R R& =@I I5M =5JwF =>R?@F =P/I g M P 7 I $K 181
I
NI M P(I 9ÁP I
P M .F I Ä
` 1N I M
!*!= tdfd tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x}, ax't H+ofbf, kfsLhÞf
tf/Lkm lh; d]+ a/st\ sL uO{ x} , lh;] g sfkmL ;demf
uof x}, g ljbf lsof uof x} cf}/ g p; ;] a]lgofh+ x'cf
hf ;stf x} P] xdf/] /a\ . - a'vÞf/L ^÷@!$ lqldhÞL %÷%)&, zAb
lqldh+L s] x}_+
71- d]xdfg sL d]hÞafg s] lnP b'cf
.4P 'M P /I P I 4P 'M $F P R K I 4P 'M IHK ]I I IR& 4P 'M $F P ^ I

4N 'M $ 182
!*@= P] cNnfx t" g] OGx]+ hf] s'5 lbof x} p; d]+ Og s] lnP
a/st\ km/df cf}/ OGx]+ aVÞz b] cf}/ Og k/ /xd km/df .
-d'l:nd #÷!^!%_
72- hf]
hf] cfbdL s'
s5
' lknfP of
lknfgf rfx] p; s] lnP b'cf
V^ Fe,I P I ^ ,P I VÎ I wK )F I 4P R wK )F 4N M'S$F 183
!#*= P] cNnfx lh; g] d'em] lvnfof t" p;] lvnf cf}/ lh; g]
d'em] lknfof t" p; sf] lknf . - d'l:nd #÷!@^ _
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١٠٩
73- ls;L s] oxfF /f]hÞf Okm\

Okmtf/L
\tf/L s/g]
s/g] sL b'cf
T
P S!I8 M I
P« 4M \L I I wF F @F )FI F MrR N$ 4M @L I P(R I F &K )F 184
.nL \F rR%
F I $K 4M \L PF(I
!*$= t'Dxf/] oxf¡ /f]hÞ]bf/ Okmtf/ s/t] /x]+ cf}/ t'Dxf/f vfgf
g]s nf]u vft] /x]+ cf}/ kml/Zt] t'Dxf/] lnP b'cfo]+ s/t] /x]+ .
-ca"bfpmb #÷#^&, OAg] dfhf !@%%^, g;fO{ cdn'n&of}ld jn&n}nf
g=@(^&@(*, cf}/ pGxf]+ g] aofg lsof x} ls gaL ha ls;L s] 3/
Okmtf/ s/t] y] ox b'cf k9+t] y] . cf}/ z}vÞ cn\afgL -/lx_ g] ;xLx ca"
bfpmb d]+ O;] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} @@&#)_
74- b'cf ha vfgf xflh xflh++/

xf] cf}/ /f]hÞfbf/ /f]hÞf g vf]n]
!@ & =r 8 @ 3& c & 4@/) V(1 185
. 4 & =
!*%= /;"n'Nnfx km/dft] x}+ ls ha t'd d]+ ;] ls;L sf]
-vfg] sL_ bfjt bL hfP tf] p;] sÞa"n s/gL rflxP, cu/ jx
/f]hÞfbf/ xf] tf] p;] -bfjt b]g] jfn] s] lnP_ b'cf s/gL rflxP
cf}/ cu/ /f]hÞ] ;] g xf] tf] p;] vfgf rflxP . - d'l:nd @÷!)%$_
75- /f]h+Þfbf/ sf] ha sf]O{

ufnL b] tf] jx Sof sx] <
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١١٠
4z rR I8 VJ^ z4rR I8 VJ^ 186
!*^= d}+ /f]hÞ] ;] x"F , d}+ /f]hÞ] ;] x"F . -a'vf/L kmt\xÞ'n\ af/L s] ;fy
$÷!)# d'l:nd @÷*)^ _
76- kxnf kmn b]vg] s] ;do sL b'cf

VR& I$F P ^ I
IRI#RI VR& I$F P ^ I
I^ I F VR& I$F P ^ I
4N 'M S$F 187
. IJ M VR& I$F P ^ I
I(R I8
!*&= P] cNnfx xdf/] lnP xdf/] kmn\ d]+ a/st\ b] cf}/
xdf/] lnP xdf/] zx/ d]+ a/st\ b] cf}/ xdf/] lnP xdf/]
;fcÞ d]+ a/st\ b] cf}/ xdf/] lnP xdf/] d'b\ d]+ -cyf{t gfk,
tf}n s] k}dfgf]+ d]+ _ a/st\ b] . - d'l:nd @÷!)))_
77- 5Ls
+ sL b'bcf
' cf
P )F M P !Ma)F M $F K eL I$FI R S$R M P 7

I $KF K eL IK &F 4P @L M /I )F I F (I F^ ))188
4M \L P#R 'P I# : K eL IK &F
h-I M /I P I# : M $F GF FH F3^&F h- I M /I P I# : M 5M/R I8
(( 4P \
L $F I
M R
P M#I h
!**= /;"n g] km/dfof M ha t'd d]+ ;] ls;L sf] 5L+s
cfP tf] p;] sxgf rflxP M
R S$R M P 7
I $KF
x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm cNnfx xL s] lnP x} .
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١١١
cf}/ p; s] bf]:t of efO{ sf] sxgf rflxP M

h -
I M /I P I#
cNnfx t'em k/ /xÞd\ s/] .
cf}/ ha p; sf efO{ p;]
h -
I !M/I P I# sx] tf] jx p;] ox
sx] M
4P \L $F I
M R
P M#I
h 4M \L P#R 'P I#
cNnfx t'Dx]+ lxbfot\ b] cf}/ t'Dxf/f xÞfn b'?:t s/] .
- a'vÞf/L &÷!@%_
78- ha sflkm/
sflkm/ 5Lst]
+st
st] ;do cn\
cnxÞ\xdÞ b'\bl' nNnfx
sx] tf] p; s] lnP Sof sxf hfP
4P \L $F I
M R
P M#I
h 4M \L #R'P I# 189
!*(= cNnfx t'd sf] lxbfot\ b] cf}/ t'Dxf/L xÞfnt\ ;+jf/ b] .
- lqldhÞL %÷*@, cxdb $@$)), ca" bfpmb $@#)* cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ
lqldhÞL @÷#%$_
79- zfbL s/g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf

.` PaI VR& I\L IP
I qI I dI I -
I PF(I I I
I -
I $F
h I I I
190
!()= cNnfx t]/] lnP a/st\ s/] cf}/ t'em k/ a/st\ s/]
cf}/ t'd bf]gf]+ sf] enfO{ k/ Os¶f s/] .
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١١٢
-ca"bfpmb, lqldhÞL, OAg] dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL !÷#!^ _
80- zfbL s/g] cf}/ ;jf/L]

vÞ/Lbg] jfn] sL] b'cf
!(!= /;"n'Nnfx km/dft] x}+ ls ha t'd d]+ ;] sf]O{
cfbdL ls;L cf}/t ;] zfbL s/] of nf}+8L vÞ/Lb] tf] ox sx]M
P R -
I
^ L M()FI R PF(I I'IK 5IdI I I PIaI I2I PaI - I $LuF,P )F VJ^ 4N 'M $ 191
.R PF(I I'IK 5Id
I I J I I I2J I
P] cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] O; sL enfO{ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F cf}/
p; rLhÞ sL enfO{ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F lh; k/ t" g] O;]
k}bf lsof x} cf}/ t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F O; s] z/ ;] cf}/
p; rLhÞ s] z/ ;] lh; k/ t" g] O;] k}bf lsof x} .
cf}/ ha sf]O{ pmF6 -of hfgj/_ vÞ/Lb] tf] p; sL sf}xfg sL
rf]6L ks8Þ\ s/ oxL b'cf k9Þ] . -ca"bfpmb @÷@$* OAg] dfhf
!÷^!& cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf !÷#@$ _
81- aLjL s] kf; cfg] ;] kxn] sL b'cf
. IIHK ]I I I F FPo
N $ c
^ JdI I F FPo
N $ I5PJdI 4N 'M S$F .
g 4^
P
^ 192
!(@= cNnfx s] gfd ;] . P] cNnfx xd]+ z}tfg ;] arf cf}/
hf] -cf}nfb_ xd]+ ctf s/] p;] eL z}tfg ;] arf . -a'vÞf/L
^÷!$! d'l:nd @÷!)@*_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١١٣
82- jS+t sL b'cf
uÞ':;f cf hfg] s] jS+
4^ ^dN $ R FPo
N $ I R
g ^
L M()F 193
!(#= d}+ z}tfg d/b"b ;] cNnfx sL kgfx dfFutf x"F .
-a'vÞf/L &÷(( d'l:nd $÷@)!% _
83 – d;Lat\
';Lat\ d]+ d'Atnf
;Lat Atnf
jS+t sL b'cf
cfbdL sf] b]vg] s] jS+
P N R >` ?R@F 9F(I V^F"

N &FI R
^ I %
F I
P NR V^ F& I( 0RO$S
g M P 7
I $K 194
%
= R"K 6I I FaI
!($= tdfd tf/Lkm p; cNnfx s] lnP x} lh; g] d'em] p;
rLhÞ ;] cflkmot\ bL lh; d]+ t'em] d'Atnf lsof x} cf}/ p;
g] d'em] ckg] k}bf lsP x'P ax't ;] nf]uf]+ k/ kmhÞLnt\
aVÞzL . - lqldhÞL %÷$($, %@$(# cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%# _
84- dHf
dHfln;\
n;\ d]+ k9Þg] sL b'bcf
' cf
cAb'Nnfx lag pd/ -/lh+oNnfx' cGx'df_ aofg s/t] x}+ ls
/;"n'Nnfx s] lnP Ps xL dHfln; d]+ p7g] ;] kxn] ;f}
-!))_ af/ ox b'cf z'df/ sL hftL yL M
M LI $K m
M NN$ T
I P)F -
I N^ VN F(I c
P 6MI VR$ P R K m
J I 195
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١١٤
!(%= P] d]/] /a\ d'em] aVÞz b] cf}/ d]/L tf}af sÞa"n km/df
a]zs\ t" ax't tf}af sÞa"n s/g] jfnf , ax't Hofbf aVÞzg]
jfnf x} . -lqldhÞL ju+}/x cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%# cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ
OAg] dfhf @÷#@! ZAb lqldhÞL s] x}+ _
85- dHfl
dHfln; s] u'gfx b"/ s/g] sL b'cf
-etfyl d d¶+Qkjk+_
I M R P I,P )F T
I P)F .S ^ I $F^ .S F) M 'I P )F I R P 7
I
Î 4N 'M S$ -
I I I75P,M 196
.-I P$F^ m
M M6)FI
!(^= P] cNnfx t" kfs x} cf}/ t]/] lnP x/ k|sf/ sL tf/Lkm
x} . d}+ zxfbt\ b]tf x"F ls t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ\
gxL+ . d}+ t'em ;] dfkmL rfxtf x"F cf}/ t'em ;] tf}af s/tf
x"F . - lqldhÞL , ca"bfpmb , g;fO{ , OAg]dfhf cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL
#÷!%#, cfOzf -/lh_ aofg s/tL x}+ ls /;"n'Nnfx ls;L dHfln;\ d]+
a}7t] of s'Þ/cfg k9Þt] of gdfhÞ k9Þt] tf] p;sf Ov\lttfd O; b'cf k/
s/t] y] ===== g;fO{ sL cdn'n of}d jn&n}nf g=#)*, d':fgb\ cxÞ\db\
^÷&&, 8f= kmf/ms+ xdfbf g] g;fO{ sL cdn'n of}ld jn&n}nf sL
txs+Ls+ k[i7 @&# d]+ O;] ;xLx sxf x} _
86- -uÞkm/Nnfx' nsf_ ofgL cNnfx t'em]

dfkm km/dfo] sxg] jfn] s] lnP b'cf
(( -
I $FI )) 197
!(&= cf}/ t'em] eL dfkm s/] .
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١١٥
- d';\gb\ cxÞ\db\ %÷*@, g;fO{ sL cdn'n of}d jn&n}nf k{i7 M@!*
g=$@!, 8f= kmf/ms+ xdfbf sL txs+Ls_
87- cR5f ;'n"s s/g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf
=PaI
h I IvdI 198
!(*= cNnfx tcfnf t'em] a]xt/Lg abnf b] .
-lqldhÞL xbL; @)#% cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ\ xbL; g) — ^@$$
cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL @÷@))_
88- bHhfn ;] dxÞkm"hÞ /xg] jh+fO{

/xg] s] jh+ fO{km+
!((= -!_ hf] cfbdL ;"/f sxkm\ s] z'¿ sL b;\ cfot]+ ofb
s/ n] jx bHhfn ;] dxÞ\km"hÞ -;'/lIft_ /x]uf .
- d'l:nd !÷%%%, cf}/ Ps l/jfot d]+ x} ;"/f sxkm\ sL cflv/L b;
cfot]+ d'l:nd !@%%^_
-@_ x/ gdfhÞ s] cflvÞ/L tzx\x'b\ s] afb bHhfn s]
lkmt\g] ;] kgfx dfFugf . - b]lvP O;L lstfa d]+ b'cf g)—%%,%^_
89- -d'em] t'd ;] cNnfx s] lnP

df]xÞAat\
at\ x}_ sxg] jfn] s] lnP b'cf
.M $F VÎ5P5I/P )F 0RO$S -
I 5N/I )F 200
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١١٦
@))= jx x:tL -cNnfx_ t'em ;] df]xÞAat\ s/] lh; s] lnP t"g]
d'em ;] df]xÞAat\ sL . -ca"bfpmb $÷###, z}v cnafgL g] ;xLx
;'gg ca" bfpmb #@(^% d]+ O;] x;g sxf x} _
90- dfn j bf}nt k]z

s/g]
s/g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf
.-
I $R II -
I R2P )F VR& -
I $F
h I I I
201
@)!= cNnfx t'Dxf/] lnP t'Dxf/] kl/jf/ cf}/ dfn j bf}nt
d]+ a/st\ b] . - a'vÞf/L kmt\xÞ'n\ af/L s] ;fy $÷**_
91- sÞ+h+{ cbf s/t] ;do

s+Þh+{ b]g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf
M !P7
I $K |
R F
N $ th IvdI IN^ -
I $R II -
I R2P )F VR& -
I $F
h I I I
202
. th I1« I
@)@= cNnfx tcfnf t]/] lnP t]/] kl/jf/ cf}/ dfn d]+
a/st\ b] . sÞh{ sf abnf tf] l;km{ tf/Lkm -z'ls|of_ cf}/
cbf s/gf x} .
-g;fO{ sL cdn'n of}ld jn&n}nf k[i7 M#)), OAg] dfhf @÷*)( cf}/
b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf @÷%%_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١١٧
92- lzs{ ;] 8/g] sL b'cf
I$R I M R P I,P )FI 4M F(P )F I)FI -

I
^ I ^P )L K )F -
I
^ L M()F VJ^ 4N 'M S$F 203
.4M F(P )F .F
@)#= P] cNnfx d}+ t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F O; aft ;] ls d}+
hfgt] x'P t]/] ;fy ls;L sf] z/Ls agfpmF . cf}/ d}+ t'em ;]
avÞlzz\ dfFutf x"F pg u'gfxf]+ ;] hf] d}+ gxL+ hfgtf .
- d':gb cxdb $÷$)# cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ #÷@## cf}/ cnafgL
sL ;xÞLxÞ t/uÞLa j t/xLa !÷!( _
93- a/st sL b'cf b]g] jfn] s] lnP b'cf
((
h I I I
-
I R&I )) 204
@)$= cNnfx t'em] eL a/st\ b] .
- OAg':;'GgL k[i7 !#* xbL; g)—@&* cf}/ b]lvP OAg'n\ sÞ}\lod\ sL
lstfa cn\jflan':;\}\loa\ k[i7 M #)$, txs+Ls+ azL/ d'xDdb pmo"g _
94- ab\ kmfnL sf] gfk;Gb s/g] sL b'cf

I M PF I $F^ .F I I M PaI .S ^ I PaI .F I I M PwF .S ^ I PwF .F 4N 'M S$F 205
@)%= P] cNnfx gxL+ x} sf]O{ gxÞ";t\ du/ t]/L xL gxÞ";t\ -
ofgL t]/ xL x'Sd ;]_ cf}/ gxL x} sf]O{ enfO{ du/ t]/L xL
enfO{ cf}/ t]/] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ .
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١١٨
-cx\db\@÷@@), OAg':;'GgL g= @(@, cf}/ cnafgL g] cn\cxÞfbL;':;xÞLxÞf
#@%$, g= !)^% d]+ O;] ;xLx sxf x},} lsGt' kmfn -g]s kmfnL_ sf] gaL
k;Gb s/t] y]], O;L lnP Ps bkmf Ps cfbsL s] d'¡x ;] cfk g] Ps
cR5L aft ;'gL tf] cfk sf] cR5L nuL, r'gf+r] km/dfofM t]/L kmfn xd
g] t]/] d'¡x ;] nL x} . ca" bfpmb, cxdb, z}v cnafgL g]
cn&cxfbL;';&;xLxf @@#^# d]+ O;] ;xLx sxf x} cf}/ O;sL lg;at
cvnfs+'g&gaL k[i7 M @&) d]+ ca'z&z}v sL cf]/ sL x}_
95- ;jf/L k/ ;jf/ xf]g] sL b'cf
M $F N@L II FO2I I$F I _

N ,I 0RO$S F I75P,M g M P 7 I $K g 4^ P
^ 206
M !P7 I $K g M P 7I $K g M P 7 I $K F M5ReF PM $F I
JI 9F$^ NÎ ¶ I ^^ eK M
T
M !PFjF V!J^ 4N 'M $ - I I I75P,M M 5I@K )F h M 5I@K )F h M 5I@K )F h g
.T I P)F .S ^ m
I MO $ M R P I# .F M N3^&F VR$ PR K F& VgK I
@)^= cNnfx s] gfd ;] . x/ ls+:d sL tf/Lkm cNnfx s]
lnP x} . kfs x} jx hÞft lh; g] O; -;jf/L_ sf] xdf/]
sÞfa" d]+ s/ lbof x} xfnfFls xd O;] ckg] s+fa" d]+ gxL+ s/
;st] y] cf}/ xd ckg] /a xL sL cf]/ nf}6 s/ hfg] jfn] x}+
. ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} . ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP
x} . ;a tf/Lkm cNnfx s] lnP x} . cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} .
cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . P] cNnfx
t" kfs x} . jfsO{ d}+ g] ckgL hfg k/ h'ÞNd lsof x}, k;\
d'em] aVÞz b] Sof]+ls t]/] l;jf sf]O{ u'gfxf]+ sf] aVÞzg] jfnf
gxL+ .
- ca"bfpmb #÷#$ lqldhÞL %÷%)! cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%^ _
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١١٩
96- ;km/ -ofqf_ sL b'cf

FO2I I$F I _
N ,I 0RO$S F I75P,M M 5I@K )F h M 5I@K )F h M 5I@K )F h 207
V!R& - I $LuF
P I N^ 4N 'M $ F M5ReF PM $F I
JI 9F$^ NÎ ¶ I ^^ eK M M $F N@L II
!IPF(I K J 2I 4N 'M $ 9IpP 6I I ^ I I $K I R I QIeK N$I N 5^$K FO2I I^ F ,I
nL F R_
I $KI ^ F
N $ VR& c M /R N$ T I P)F 4N M' $ M I P
M N(I ^ wK I FO2I II F ,I
^ !FPI $K nR !I
F@I ^ F N $ tg F?(P I P R -I
^ L M()F VJ^ 4N 'M $ ^ 2P « VR&
.^ 2P « I G^ I$K VR& c ^ FeF PM $K tg M,I
@)& = cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} .
cNnfx ;a ;] a8f x} . kfs x} jx h+ft lh; g] O; sf]
xdf/] sÞfa" d]+ s/ lbof xfnfFls xd O;] ckg] sÞfa" d]+ g s/
;st] y] . P] cNnfx xd ckg] O; ;km/ -ofqf_ d]+ t'em ;]
g]sL cf}/ tsÞjf cf}/ P];] cdn\ sf ;jfn s/t] x}+ lh;] t"
k;Gb s/] . P] cNnfx xdf/f ox ;km/ xd k/ cf;fg s/
b] cf}/ O; sL b"/L sf] xdf/] lnP ;d]6 b] . P] cNnfx t" xL
;km/ d]+ -xdf/f_ ;fyL cf}/ 3/ jfnf]+ d]+ hfgzLg\ x} . P]
cNnfx d}+ t'em ;] ;km/ sL dzSÞsÞt\ ;] cf}/ p;s]
tsnLkmb]x dGh+/ ;] cf}/ dfn tyf 3/ jfnf]+ d]+ a'/L
tabLnL -of a'/L xfnt d]+ nf}6g]_ ;] t]/L kgfx rfxtf x"F .
cf}/ ha ;km/ ;] 3/ sL t/km jfk;\ nf}6] tf] pmk/ sL
b'cf k9Þ] cf}/ p; s] ;fy ox b'cf eL k9Þ] M
F MR I/ I
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97- ls;L ufFj of zx/

d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] sL b'cf
q^ 5P
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R II N $ m N I 4N 'M S$F 208
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/a\ lhg k/ ox ;fof s/ /v] x+}, cf}/ ;ftf]+ hÞdLgf]+ cf}/ pg
rLhÞf]+ s] /a\ lhg sf] ox p7f /v] x}+, cf}/ z}tfgf]+ cf}/ pg
rLhÞf]+ s] /a\ lhGx]+ OGxf]+ g] u'Df/fx lsof x}, cf}/ xjfcf]+ s]
/a\ cf}/ pg rLh+f]+ s] hf] pGxf]+ g] p8ÞfoL x}+ . d}+ t'em ;] O;
ufjF sL enfO{ sf cf}/ O; ufjF d]+ /xg] jfnf]+ sL enfO{ sf
cf}/ O; d]+ df}h"b rLhÞf]+ sL enfO{ sf ;jfn s/tf x"F ,cf}/
d}+ O; ufjF sL a'/fO{ cf}/ O; s] afl;of]+ sL a'/fO{ ;] cf}/
pg rLhÞf]+ sL a'/fO{ ;] t]/L kgfx dfFutf x"F hf] O; d]+ x}+ .
-Odfd xÞflsd\ g] O;] l/jfot\ s/s] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} cf}/ Odfd hÞxaL g]
O;sL k'li6 sL x} @÷!)), OAg':;'GgL g= %@$, xflkmh+ g] ch+sf/ sL
tv/Lh d]+ O;] x;g sxf x} %@!%$, z}vÞ lag\ afhÞ -/lxÞ_ g] km/dfofM
g;fO{ g] O;] xÞ;g\ ;gb s] ;fy l/jfot lsof x}, b]lvP t'x\kÞ mt'n\
cvÞ\of/ k[i7 #& _
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98- afhÞf/ d]+ bflvÞn\ xf]g] sL b'cf
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I #Î .F M I/P I h .S ^ I $F^ .F 209
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M PI# .F V¡ /I I 2M I T M RM#I
@)(= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ . jx
cs]nf x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ . p;L sf d'Ns x} cf}/
p;L s] lnP tf/Lkm x} . jx lhÞGbf s/tf x} cf}/ df/tf x} .
cf}/ jx lhÞGbf x} p;] df}t gxL+ cftL p;L s] xfy d]+ ;a
enfO{ x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞflb/ x} .
- lqldhÞL %÷@(! XÞflsd\ !÷%#*, z}v cnafgL g] ;xLx OAg] dfhf
@@@! cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%@ d]+ O;] x;g sxf x}_
99- ;jf/L s] lkm;n\

lkm;ng]\g] of
lu/g] s] ;do sL b'cf

g 4^
P
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@!)= cNnfx s] gfd ;] . - ca"bfpmb $÷@(^ cf}/ z}v cnafgL g]
O';] ;xLx ca" bfpmb #@($! d]+ ;xLx sxf x} _
100- d';flkm/ sL d'

dsÞ
'sLÞ d s] lnP b'cf
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4M \L (M 1R P I,P )F 211
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١٢٢
@!!= d}+ t'Dx]+ p; cNnfx s] xjfn] s/tf x"F lh; s] xjfn]
sL x'O{ rLhÞ+] seL gi6 cf}/ a/afb gxL+ xf]tL+ . -cxÞ\db\
@÷$)#, OAg] dfhf @÷($# cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ OAg] dfhf @÷!## _
101- dsÞ
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.-
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@!@= d}+ t]/] bLg, t]/L cdfgt\ cf}/ t]/] cflv/L cdn sf]
cNnfx s] xjfn] s/tf x"F . -cxÞdb\ @÷& lqldhÞL %÷$(( cf}/
b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL @÷!%% _
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aVÞz] cf}/ t" hxfF sxL+ eL /x] cNnfx tcfnf t]/] lnP enfO{
cf;fg s/ b] . -lqldhÞL cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!%%_
102- ;km/ s] bf}/fg t:aLx cf}/ ts\aL/
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(( 75,
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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@!$= hfla/ -_ km/dft] x}+ ls ha xd pmk/ r9Þt] tf]
ts\aL/ --cNnfx' cs\a/\ __ k9Þt] cf}/ gLr] pt/t] tf] t:aLxÞ
--;'AxÞfgNnfx__ sxt] y] . -a'vÞf/L kmTx'n af/L s] ;fy ^÷!#%_
103- d';flkm/ sL b'cf ha jx ;'axÞ s/]
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cf}/ p; s] xd k/ hf] cR5] Ogcfdft cf}/ PxÞ;fgft x}+
pg sf z'qm ;'gf . P] xdf/] /a\ xdf/f ;fyL ag hf cf}/
xd k/ kmhÞ\n km/df . cfu ;] cNnfx sL kgfx dfFut] x'P -
xd_ ox b'cf s/t} x}+ . - d'l:nd $÷@)*^ _
;km/ s] bf}/fg of lagf

104-
;km/ s] ls;L hux 7x/g] sL b'cf
I FaI I J I P R *
R N N$ R$ *
R IR\F
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rLhÞ sL a'/fO{ ;] hf] p; g] k}bf sL x} . - d'l:nd $÷@)*)_
105- ;km/ ;] jfk;L sL b'cf
tc jlwyqYykg fdlh tax ;k gTt ls okil ykSVrs rks gj Å¡ph
txg ij rhu ckj vYykgq vd~cj dgrs] fQj ;g nqvk i<+rs %
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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I 2M I M P 7
I $K M $FI -
I #Î .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F^ .F 217
F M!R I/ I
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@!&= cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ eL Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ . jx
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p;L s] lnP tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞflb/ x} . xd
jfk; nf}6g] jfn], tf}af s/g] jfn], Oafbt\ s/g] jfn] cf}/
s]jn ckg] /a\ sL tf/Lkm s/g] jfn] x}+ . cNnfx g] ckgf
jfbf ;Rrf s/ lbvfof cf}/ ckg] aGb] sL dbb\ sL cf}/
cs]n] cNnfx g] ;f/] nZs/f]+ sf] lzs:t bL -k/flht s/
lbof_ -a'vÞf/L &÷!^# d'l:nd @÷(*) _
106- vÞ'z\ va/L of gf k;GbLbf
aft ;'gg] jfnf Sof sx] <
@!*= /;"n'Nnfx s] kf; cu/ sf]O{ vÞ'z s/g] jfnL
va/Þ cftL tf] cfk km/dft] M
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M I7$R N$ 4~ R6I R RI P ^
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;a tf/Lkm cNnfx xL s] lnP x} lh; s] Og\cfd ;] cR5]
sfd d'sDdn\ xf]t] x}+ .
cf}/ cu/ cfk sf] sf]O{ gf k;GbLbf dfdnf k]z cftf tf]
km/dft] M
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١٢٥
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x/ xÞfn d]+ tdfd tf/Lkm cNnfx xL s] lnP x} .
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s/s] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} !÷$((, z}vÞ cn\afgL /lxdx'NnfxÞ g] ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ\
d]+ O;] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} $÷@)!_
/;"n'Nnfx k/
107-
b¿b e]hg] sL kmhÞLnt\
((=o( Æ ( 9 8 %8 V ( 9 8 )) :G H 219
@!(= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof hf] cfbdL d'em k/ Ps af/
-b¿b e]h] uf cNnfx tcfnf p; k/ b; /xÞ\dt]+ gflh+n
km/dfo] uf . - d'l:nd !÷@**_
4\6%8 3& V ( 8 =( 0ÅH Ç .)) : G H 220
((4@ s/ È 56
@@)= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M -- d]/L sÞa| sf] d]nfufx g\
agfcf] cf}/ d'em k/ b/mb e]hf] . t'd hxfF + eL xf] t'Dxf/f
b/mb d'em] kx'Fr hftf x} . - ca"bfpmb @÷@!* cx\db\ @÷#^&, z}vÞ
cn\afgL /lxÞ g] ;xÞLxÞ ca" bfpmb d]+ O;] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} @÷#*# _
((V ( # 4 & ( *@ _5$)) : G H 221
@@!= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M avÞLn -sGh";_ jx x}
lh; s] kf; d]/f lhj|m xf] cf}/ jx d'em k/ b/mb g e]h] .
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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-lqldhÞL %÷%%! cf}/ b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ'n\ hfldcÞ\ #÷@% cf}/ ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL
#÷!&&_
! É 5# « ½ ¶/ , n\r% )) : G H 222
((;%$ Ê)
@@@= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M cNnfx tcfnf s] s'5
P];] kml/Zt] x}+ hf] hÞdLg d]+ 3"dt] lkm/t] x}+ jx d]/] pDdltof]+
sf ;nfd d'em] kx'Frft] x}+ . - g;fO{, xÞflsd\ @÷$@! cf}/ O; xÞbL;
sf] z}vÞ cn\afgL -/lx_ g] ;xÞLxÞ sxf x} b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ g;fO{ !÷@&$_
V!/ V ( 1 . V ( 4 # /) )) :G !H 223
(( ;%$ ( 1) ¿/
@@#= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M sf]O{ cfbdL ha eL d'em
k/ ;nfd k9Þtf x} tf] cNnfx tcfnf d]/L ¿xÞ -k|f0f_ sf]
d]/] abg\ d]+ jfk; nf}6f b]tf x} tfls d}+ p;] ;nfd sf
hjfa b"F . - ca"bfpmb xÞbL; g)—@)$! cf}/ z}vÞ cn\afgL -/lxÞ_ g]
O; xÞbL; sf] xÞ;g\ sxf x} b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ ca"bfpmb !÷#*# _
108- ;nfd sf] km}nfgf
¢6 . ¢6 ¿/ n¨ a6 .)) : G, G H 224

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lx:g'n d'l:nd
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xf] ;st] oxfF ts ls t'd df]ldg\ agf] cf}/ t'd df]ldg\ gxL+
xf]u] oxfF ts ls cfk; d]+ Ps b";/] ;] df]xAat s/f] . Sof
d}+ t'Dx]+ P];L rLhÞ g atfpmF lh; s] s/g] ;] t'd Ps b";/]
;] df]xAat s/g] nuf]u] . cfk; d]+ ;nfd sf] v"Þa km}nfcf] .
-d'l:nd !÷&$, ju}/f_
- { µ : Àµ qÌ e& ' Ì % )) 225
(( Hµ b µ y $ ;%$ GO

@@%= cDdf/ lag\ ofl;/ -_ km/dft] x}+ ls M tLg rLhÞ]+
P];L x}+ ls hf] cfbdL Og tLgf]+ sf] xÞfl;n\ s/ n] tf] p; g]
O{dfg hdf s/ lnof M -!_ ckg] cfk ;] OG;fkm s/gf . -@_
tdfd nf]uf]+ ;] ;nfd s/gf . -#_ tGub:t xf]t] x'o] eL
-cNnfx sL /fx d]+_ vÞr{ s/gf . -a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n af/L s] ;fy
!÷*@ df}sÞ"km df]cNnsÞ\ ofgL ox ;xÞfaL sf km/dfg x} _
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= d ) : '( Vp (
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g] /;"n'Nnfx ;] ;jfn lsof ls O:nfd sf sf}g ;f
sfd ;a ;] a]xt/ x} < cfk g] km/dfofM -- ox ls t'd
vfgf lvnfcf] cf}/ lh;] t'd kxrfgt] xf] cf}/ lh;] gxL+
kxrfGft] ;a ;] ;nfd s/f] . __ -a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n af/L s] ;fy
!÷%% d'l:nd !÷^%_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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109- sflkm/ s] ;nfd sf
sf
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t'd ;] ;nfd s/]+ tf] t'd pGx]+ hjfa d]+ sxf] M
4P \L PF(I I
-cf}/ t'd k/ eL_.
- a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n af/L s] ;fy !!÷$@ cf}/ d'l:nd $÷!&)%_
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tf}/ k/ ox k9Þf]_ M
-
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tf] z}tfg ;] cNnfx sL kgfx dfFuf]+ Sof]+ls jx z}tfg b]vtf
x} . -ofgL ox k9Þf] M 4^ Pd^ N $ R FPoN $ I R
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;] cNnfx sL kgfx dfFuf]+ Sof]+ls jx P];L rLhÞ]+ b]vt] x}+
lhGx]+ t'd gxL+ b]v kft] . -ca"bfpmb $÷#@&, cxdb #÷#)^ cf}/
z}vÞ cn\afgL g] O; xÞbL; sf] ;xLx ca" bfpmb #@(^! d]+ ;xÞLxÞ sxf x}_
p; cfbdL s] lnP b'cf lh;]

112-
t'd g] a'/f enf sxf xf] of ufnL bL xf]
ca" x'/}/f -/lh_ km/dft] x}+ ls pGxf]+ g] /;"n'Nnfx sf] ox
b'cf s/t] x'P ;'gf M
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h+l/of agf b] . -a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n af/L s] ;fy !!÷!&!, d'l:nd
$÷@))&, d'l:nd s] zAb x}+ M $%& '( ) *+,-. -O; sf] p;s] lnP
kfsLh+uL cf}/ /xdt sf h+l/of agf b] ._
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113-
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:!e & n!$ : . 5/ 8 =/1 4@/) @ : G H 231
F F@ K ^ _ M 5M
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.FO@F I FO@F – I F 4M F P I#
@#!= cfk g] km/dfof M ha t'd d]+ ;] ls;L sf] h¿/
xL ls;L sL tf/Lkm s/gL xf] tf] ox sx] M
d}+ ;demtf x"¡ ls kmnfF cfbdL P];] cf}/ P];] -ld;fn s] tf}/
k/ g]s, k/x]h+uf/, bLgbf/\ ju}/f __ x}, cf}/ cNnfx p;
sf lxÞ;fa n]g] jfnf x} cf}/ d}+ ls;L sf] cNnfx s] ;fdg]
kfs gxL+ s+/f/ b] ;stf . ox tf/Lkm eL p; jSÞt s/] ha
ox vÞ"a cR5L t/xÞ hfgtf xf] . -d'l:nd $÷@@(^ _
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114-
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sx]
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F !MF P I# .F !I V!R$ P R K I FL$LeI# I
^ VÔK aR I¢6M .F 4N 'M S$F 232
[F ~L I# NR =PaI V^K I dP I]
@#@= P] cNnfx hf] ox nf]u d]/] af/] d]+ sx /x] x}+ p; k/
d]/L ks8Þ dt s/gf cf}/ d'em] dfkm s/ b] jx hf] o] gxL+
hfgt] x}+ . [ cf}/ d'em] p; ;] a]xt/ agf b] hf] o] d]/] af/]
d]+ u'dfg s/t]] x} .] -a'vf/L sL cba'n d'km/b g=&^!, z}v
cnafgL g] ;xÞLxÞ'n\ cb\lan\ d'km\/b\ g=%*% d]+ O;sL ;gb sf] ;xLx sxf
x}, bf]gf]+ a/]ls6f]+ s] aLr s] zAb a}xs+L g] z'ca'n O{dfg $@@@* d]+ Ps
b";/L ;gb ;] H+ofbf lsP x}_+
115- xHh of pd|
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@##= d}+ xÞflh/ x"F . P] cNnfx d}+ xÞflh/ x"F . d}+ xÞflh/ x"F t]/f
sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ , d}+ xÞflh/ x"F . a]zs\ tdfd tf/Lkm cf}/
g]dt\ cf}/ afbzfxL t]/] xL lnP x} . t]/f sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+ .
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@#$= gaL g] pmF6 k/ ;jf/ xf] s/ a}t'Nnfx sf tjfkm

lsof . ha cfk xÞh\/] c:jb\ jfn] sf]g] s] kf; cft] tf]
p; sL t/km\ ckg] kf; df}h"b ls;L rLhÞ ;] Ozf/f s/t]
cf}/ --cNnfx' cs\a/__ sxt] . -a'vÞf/L kmt\x'n af/L s] ;fy
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I /I IP~ $ VR& I6RB I
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@#%= P] xdf/] /a\ xd]+ b'lgof cf}/ cflvÞ/t\ d]+ enfO{ ctf
km/df cf}/ xd]+ hxGgd s] chÞfa ;] arf .
-ca"bfpmb @÷!&( cxÞ\db\ #÷$!! Zf/x':;'Ggf lnn\ auÞjL &÷!@*,
cnafgL g] ;xLx ca" bfpmb !@#%$ d]+ O;] x;g sxf x}_
118- ;kmf cf}/ d/jf k/ 7x/g] sL b'cf

ha cfk ;kmf s] sÞ/La kx'Fr] tf] km/dfof M
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N $ S ^ 236
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lgzflgof]+ d]+ ;] x}+ . d}+ p;L ;] z'¿ s/ /xf x"F lh; ;]
cNnfx g] z'¿ lsof x} .
lkm/ cfk g] ;kmf ;] ;O{ z'¿ sL, p; k/ r9Þt] uP oxfF
ts ls a}tN' nfx ghÞ/ cfg] nuf, lkm/ cfk g] lsÞAnf sL
t/km\ d'xF lsof cf}/ cNnfx sL tf}xLb cf}/ a8+fO{ aofg
s/t] x'P ox b'cf k9+L M
9F(I I 2M I M P 7 I $K M $FI -
M K M $K M $F M F$ -
I #Î .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F^ .F ))
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cNnfx s] l;jf sf]O{ eL Oafbt s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ . jx cs]nf
x} p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+, p;L s] lnP d'Ns x} cf}/ p;L
s] lnP tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞflb/ x} . cNnfx s]
l;jf sf]O{ Oafbt\ s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ . jx cs]nf x} . p; g]
ckgf jfbf k"/f lsof cf}/ ckg] aGb] sL dbb\ sL cf}/
cs]n] p; g] ;f/] nZs/f]+ sf] lzs:t bL .
lkm/ O;s] aLr cfk g] b'cf km/dfO{, O; t/x cfk g] tLg
af/ sxf . xbL; nDaL x} cf}/ p; d]+ ox eL x} ls gaL
g] d/jf k/ eL j};] xL lsof h};] ;kmf k/ lsof .
-d'l:nd @@***_
119- c/kmf s] lbg -(h'nlxÞ
\lxÞHhf_ sL
sL b'cf
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١٣٤
jlwy us Qjek;k % lc ls csgrj nqvk vjQk ds fnu dh
nqvk gS] vkSj ml fnu tks dqN eSa us vkSj eq> ls igys ufc;ksa
us dgk ml esa lc ls vQt+y ;g gS %
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I #Î .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F^ .F 237
.z #RHF tk V
P I @L 9F(I
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cs]nf x}, p; sf sf]O{ z/Ls gxL+, p;L s] lnP afbzfxL x}
cf}/ p;L s] lnP tf/Lkm x} cf}/ jx x/ rLhÞ k/ sÞflb/ x} .
-lqldhÞL, z}v cnafgL g] ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!*$ cf}/ l;nl;nf ;xLxf
$@^ d]+ O;] x;g sxf x} _
120- e'k~
e'kvjs
~vjs gjke ds ikl dh nqvk
238-
238- uch lYyYykgq vySfg olYye d+lok ¼Å¡Vuh½ ij lokj
gks x;sA tc e'kvjs gjke ¼eqt+~ny~Qk½ igq¡ps rks fd+Cyk dh vksj
eq¡g dj ds vYykg rvkyk ls nqvk dh] vYykgq vd~cj]
ykbykgk bYyYykg vkSj rkSghn ds dfyekr dgrs jgsA vPNh
rjg jks'kuh gksus rd ;gha Bgjs jgsA fQj lwjt fudyus ls igys
;gk¡ ls jokuk gks x;sA ¼eqfLye 2@891½
121- tejkr dh jeh ds

oD+r gj dadjh ds lkFk rd~
rdchj
~chj
239-
239 jlwyqYykg lYyYykgq vySfg olYye rhuksa tejkr ds ikl
tc Hkh dadjh Qsadrs vYykgq vd~cj dgrs] fQj vkxs c<+rs vkSj
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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igys vkSj nwljs tejk ds ckn fd+Cyk dh vksj eq¡g djds vius nksuksa
gkFk mBkdj nqvk djrsA fdUrq tejk vd+ck ¼vkf[kjh tejk½ dh
jeh djrs gq;s gj dadjh ds lkFk vYykgq vd~cj dgrs vkSj mlds
ikl fcuk Bgjs gq;s okil gks tkrsA
¼cq[kkjh QRgqy ckjh ds lkFk 3@583] 3@584] vkSj blds 'kCn ;gha nsf[k;s]
cq[kkjh QRgqy ckjh ds lkFk 3@581] eqfLye us Hkh bls fjok;r fd;k gS½
122- tcHh'a\ cf}/

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.
g F I75P,z 240
@$)= cNnfx kfs x} .
-a'vÞf/L kmTx'n af/L s] ;fy !÷@!), #(), $!$ d'l:nd $÷!*%& _
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h 241
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@@@#%, d';gb cxb %@@!* _
123- [kq'k[k+
k[k+cjh
cjh feyus ij D;k djs\
@$@= uch lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dks fdlh [kq'k djus okyh
pht+ dh [k+cj feyrh rks vki vYykg rvkyk dk 'kqØ vnk
djrs gq;s lt~nk esa fxj iM+rsA ¼vcw nkÅn] f=fet+h] bCus ektk] nsf[k,
lghg bCus ektk 1@233] bokZmy x+yhy 2@226½
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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124- hf] cfbdL ckg] lh:d d]+
bb{
bb{ dxÞ;;
" s/] jx Sof b'bcf
'cf k9
k9Þ]
jlwyqYykg lYyYykgq vySfg olYye dk Qjeku gS fd ftLe ds
ftl fgLls esa rdyhQ+ gks ml ij viuk gkFk j[kks vkSj rhu
ckj dgks%
R $ 4^
P
^
vYykg ds uke lsA
vkSj lkr ckj ;g nqvk i<+ks%
M R I/)L I M d^ )F I J I P R R 6RI P HLI
g ^
L M()F - 243
@$#= d}+ cNnfx tcfnf cf}/ p;sL sÞ'b/t\ sL kgfx
ks8Þtf x"F p; rLhÞ s] z/\ -a'/fO{_ ;] hf] d}+ kftf x"F cf}/
lh; ;] 8/tf x"F . - d'l:nd $÷!&@* _
125- viuh ut+j yx

tkus dk Mj gks rks D;k dgs
244-
244- jlwyqYykg lYyYykgq vySfg olYye us Qjek;k% tc rqe
esa ls dksbZ vkneh vius HkkbZ ;k vius ;gk¡ ;k vius eky esa
[kq'k djus okyh pht+ ns[ks rks mls cjdr dh nqvk djuh pkfg,]
D;ksafd ut+j yx tkuk gd+ gSA ¼eqlun vgen 4@447] bCus ektk]
ekfyd] vyckuh us lghgqy tkfev esa bls lghg dgk gS 1@212] nsf[k,
t+knqy evkn vjukÅr dh rgd+hd+ 4@170½
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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126- ?kcjkgV ds le; D;k dgk tk, <
((M S$ .S ^ I $F^ .F )) #
245- vYykg ds flok dksbZ bcknr ds yk;d+ ughaA

¼cq[k+kjh QRgqy ckjh ds lkFk 6@181] eqfLye 4@2208½
127- pm¡6
cfd hfgj/ of pm¡
hÞaxÞ\ s/t] ;do Sof sx]<
.VJR K 5NeF 6I 4N 'M $F [ -
I $FI -
I PR 4N 'M $F] M 5I@K )F
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@$^= cNnfx s] gfd ;] hÞaxÞ\ s/tf x"F . cNnfx ;a ;]
a8Þf x} [ P] cNnfx ox sÞ'/afgL t]/L xL t/km ;] cf}/ t]/] xL
lnP x}] P] cNnfx ox -sÞ'/afgL_ d]/L t/km ;] sÞa"n km/df
.
- d'l:nd #÷!%%& a}xÞsÞL (÷@*&, a/}ls6 s] aLr s] zAb a}xs+L ju+}/f
s] x}+, cf}/ cflv/L h'dnf d'l:nd sL l/jfot sf cy{ x} _
;/sz\
;/sz\ z}tfgf]+ s]
128- s]
km/]a cf}/ rfn ;] arg] sL b'cf
J I P R z d^ F& .F I ¡
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II IFaI I
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^ !PS$ ^ I&R J I P R I I'PR }
M M _
P I# I J I P R I ^P « VR& )FI F I J I P R I
.M I /P I I# ` P_
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M M K I# =H^ Fw .S ^ b
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@$&= d}+ cNnfx s] pg d'sDdn\ slndft sL kgfx ks8Þtf
x"F lhg ;] sf]O{ g]s cf}/ sf]O{ a'/f cfu] gxL+ u'hÞ/ ;stf
p; rLhÞ sL a'/fO{ ;] lh;] p; g] k}bf lsof cf}/ jh"b
aVzf cf}/ km}nfof, cf}/ p; rLh+ sL a'/fO{ ;] hf] cf;dfg
;] pt/tL x}, cf}/ p; rLh+ sL a'/fO{ ;] hf] p; d]+ r9+tL
x}, cf}/ p; rLhÞ sL a'/fO{ ;] hf] p; g] hÞdLg d]+ km}nfof
cf}/ p; sL a'/fO{ ;] hf] p; ;] lgsntL x} cf}/ /ft cf}/
lbg s] lkmt\gf]+ s] z/ ;] cf}/ /ft s] jS+t x/ cfg] jfn] sL
a'/fO{ ;] l;jfP p; /ft sf] cfg] jfn] s] hf] enfO{ s] ;fy
cfP . P] ax't H+ofbf /xd s/g] jfn] . - cxÞ\db\ #÷$!( ;xÞLxÞ
;gb\ s] ;fy, OAg'; ;'GgL g= ^#&, c/gfpmt g] txfljof sL tv/Lh+
k[i7 !## d]+ O;sL ;gb sf] ;xLx sxf x}, b]lvP dhdpmH+h+jfOb\
!)@!@&_
tf}af cf}/ Ol:tuÞkmf/

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kmf
alV+zz\
-cNnfx ;] dfkmL cf}/ alV+ zz\ dfFugf_
zz
½ !$ m6) ,« É : G, G H 248

. ¶ 5, ?@) ;$
@$*= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M cNnfx sL sÞ;d d}+ lbg
d]+ ;Q/ dt{af ;] Hofbf cNnfx ;] av\Þlzz\ dfFutf cf}/ p;
s] ;fdg] tf}af s/tf x"F . - a'vÞf/L kmTxÞ'n af/L s] ;fy !!÷!)!_
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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$ ;$ ½ m6) É3& <
6 ¥ $ '#) # : G H 249
. nr
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s/f],\ d}+ lbg d]+ ;f} -!))_ af/ p; s] ;fdg] tf}af s/tf
x"F . -d'l:nd $÷@)&^_
V~ !I7$K I 2M .S ^ I $F^ .F 0RO$S 4I R I $K
M R P I,P )F :G H : G H 250
.|/v$ & @ $ RP$F^ m M M6)FI M;~eF $K
@%)= cfk g] km/dfof M hf] cfbdL ox b'cf k9Þ] M
((R P$F^ m
M M6)FI ;M ~eF $K V~ 7
I $K I 2M .S ^ I F$^ .F 0RO$S 4I R I $K
M R P I,P )F))
d}+ ch+dt jfn] cNnfx ;] dfkmL dfFutf x"F lh; s] l;jf
sf]O{ Oafbt s] nfosÞ\ gxL+ jx xd]zf lh+Gbf /xg] jfnf cf}/
;a sf] s+fod /vg] jfnf x} cf}/ d}+ p;s] ;fdg] tf}af
s/tf x"F .
tf] cNnfx tcfnf p;] aVÞz\ b]tf x} rfx] jx n8+fO{ s] d}bfg
;] efuf x'cf xf] . -ca"bfpmb @÷*%, lqldhÞL %÷%^(, cf}/ xflsd g]
O;] l/jfot s/ s] ;xLx sxf x} cf}/ h+x\aL g] O;sL k'li6 sL x}, cf}/
z}v cnafgL g] eL O;] ;xLx sxf x}, b]lvP ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL #÷!*@,
hfldpn p;"n $@#*(&#() txs+Ls+ c/gfpmt_
$ {d ½ 5 $ m$ \# mH))) : G H 251
.((\& n( $ - 6 ½ @O# Ñ \6 ) T , 3& a¸
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١٤٠
@%!= cfk g] km/dfof M cNnfx tcfnf aGb] s] ;a ;]
sÞ/La /ft s] cflvÞ/L lxÞ:;] d]+ xf]tf x} . cu/ t'd pg nf]uf]+
d]+ zfldn\ xf] ;sf] hf] p; jSt cNnfx sf] ofb s/t] x}+ tf]
xf] hfcf] . - lqldh+L, g;fO{ !@@&(, xflsd cf}/ b]lvo] ;xÞLxÞ lqldhÞL
#÷!*#, hfldpn p;"n $@!$$ txs+Ls+ c/gfpmt _
d !, 2
5 $ \# mH))) : G H 252
.((t ($ ?@u&
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sÞ/La ;hb] sL xÞfnt\ d]+ xf]tf x} tf] ;hb] d]+ H+ofbf ;]
H+ofbf b'cf lsof s/f] . - d'l:nd !÷#%)_
;!$ ½ ,« É Í H 9 ( $ )) : G H 253
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km/dfofM d]/] lbn\ k/ kbf{ ;f cf hftf x} cf}/ d}+] lbg d]+ ;f}
-!))_ af/ cNnfx ;] alVzz\ dfFutf x"F . - d'l:nd $÷@)&%_
- OAg'n\ c;L/ km/dft] x}+ ls kbf{ ;f cfg] ;] d'/fb e"n x} . Sof]+ls cfk
xd]zf H+ofbf ;] H+ofbf lhÞj|m j chÞsf/, s+'a{t cf}/ cNnfx s]
d'/fs+af d]+ dz\u"n
Þ /xt] y] . n]lsg ha seL Og d]+ ls;L rLhÞ ;] s'5
uÞkm\nt\ xf] hftL of cfk e"n hft] tf] p;] ckg] lnP u'gfx z'df/ s/t]
cf}/ P];L xÞfnt\ d]+ clws ;]] clws tf}af j Ol:tuÞ\kmf/ s/t] . b]lvP
hfldpn\ p;"n @÷#*^ _
lx:g'n d'l:nd
١٤١
130- rLchg (/ 012) rg~
rgehn
~ehn (/ 345) rg~
rgyhy
~yhy
(/ 67 )7 6) vkSj rd~chj (8'9 /) dh Qt+hyr
! nF !Fr R ;` P I# VR& R R P 7

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R R P 7
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zfd O; b'cf sf] ;f} af/ k9+g] sL kmh+Lnt s] lnP b]lvP O;L lstfa
sL xbL; g= (! _
M !F$ M !F$ -
I #Î .F M I /P I h .S ^ I $F^ .F G H : G H 255
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M K M $K
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I $K M $FI -
M K M $K M $F M$F -
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d'l:nd zAb s] ;fy $÷@)&!, O; b'cf sf] lbg d]+ ;f} af/ sxg] sL
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g F I75P,M GH) « :G H 257
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h I h
@%&= /;"n'Nnfx g] km/dfof M d]/] ghÞ\bLs ;'AxÞfgNnfx,
cn\xÞd\b'lnNnfx, nfOnfxf ONnNnfx cf}/ cNnfx' cs\a/ sf
sxgf pg tdfd rLh+f]+ ;] Hofbf dxÞ\a"a x} lhg k/ ;"/h
lgsntf x} . -ofgL ox slndft sxgf b'lgof sL ;f/L
g]dtf]+ ;] Hofbf dxÞ\a"a x} _ - d'l:nd $÷@)&@ _
lx:g'n d'l:nd
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n!/ |$) ;# @ c\# ) 4@/) v #) : G H 258
5# :G H fn/ |$) /) c\# |@ r d r , $u&
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cfk s] kf; a}7] x'P ;flyof]+ d]+ ;] Ps g] sxf xd d]+ ;]
sf]O{ Ps xhÞf/ g]sL s};] sdf ;stf x} < cfk g]
km/dfof M jx ;f} af/ t:aLxÞ sx] tf] p; s] lnP Ps xhÞf/
g]sL lnvL hfPuL of -cfk g] km/dfof_ p; s]] Ps xhÞf/
u'gfx ld6f lbo] hfP]+ u] . -d'l:nd $÷@)&#_
.n¨ ½ n º $ T, R R P 7
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g F I75P,M :G H 259
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sxf of /;"nNnfx Sof]+ gxL+ h¿/ atfo]+ Û cfk g]
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g ^
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usdh djus dh rkd+rA ¼cq[kkjh QRgqy ckjh ds lkFk 11@213] eqfLye
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