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Kineticsproblemskey PDF
Kineticsproblemskey PDF
A. Determine the order of each reactant and the overall reaction order.
From 1 3 [F2] doubles, ClO2 is constant, and Rate doubles:
2x = 2 x = 1 = order for [F2]
From 1 2 [ClO2] quadruples, F2 is constant, and Rate quadruples:
4y = 4 y = 1 = order for [ClO2]
Overall Reaction Order: 1 + 1 = 2
B. Write the rate law for the reaction.
Rate = k[F2][ ClO2]
C. Calculate the rate constant, k.
Rate 1.2x10 3 M / s
k= = = 1.2 M-1s-1
[F2 ][ClO 2 ] 0.10 M0.010M
Rate = k [O3]2
B. Calculate the rate constant, k.
Rate 5.03x10 7 M / s
k= = = 0.0140 M-1s-1
[O3 ] 2 0.00600M2
C. What is the rate of reaction when [O3] = 0.00500 M?
Rate = k [O3]2 = 0.0140 M-1s-1(0.00500 M)2 = 3.50x10-7 M/s
Kinetics Problems 1
FIRST-ORDER KINETICS PROBLEMS KEY
1. The rate law for the decomposition of N2O5 is Rate = k[N2O5], where k = 5.0 x 10-4 s-1.
What is the concentration of N2O5 after 1900 s, if the initial concentration is 0.56 M?
[ A ]t
ln = - kt [N2O5]0 = 0.56 M; k = 5.0 x 10-4 s-1; t = 1900 s
[ A ]0
[ N 2 O5 ]t
ln = - (5.0 x 10-4 s-1) (1900 s) = -0.95
(0.56 M )
[ N 2 O5 ]t
Take anti ln both sides: = e-0.95 = 0.387
(0.56 M )
[N2O5]t = 0.560.387 = 0.22 M
2. The first order reaction, SO2Cl2 SO2 + Cl2, has a rate constant of 0.17 h-1.
If the initial concentration of SO2Cl2 is 1.25 x 10-3 M, how many seconds does it take for the
concentration to drop to 0.31 x 10-3 M?
k = 0.17 h-1 [SO2Cl2]t = 0.31 x 10-3 M [SO2Cl2]0= 1.25 x 10-3 M
0.31x10 3 M
ln 3
[ A ]t 1.25x10 M 1.39
ln = - kt t= = - = 8.18 h
1
[ A ]0 0.17 h1 0.17 h
3600 s
t = 8.18 h 2.9x104 s
1 hr
3. Cobalt-60 is a radioisotope that decays by first-order kinetics and has a half-life of 5.26
years. The Cobalt-60 in a radiotherapy unit must be replaced when the concentration of Co
decreases to 75.0% of its initial value. When does this occur?
0.693
t1/2 = 5.26 yr k t1/2 = 0.693 k= = 0.132 yr-1
5.26 yr
[ A ]t 0.75[Co]0
ln = - kt [Co]t = 0.75[Co]0 ln = -(0.132 yr-1) t
[ A ]0 [Co]0
ln 0.75 = -(0.132 yr-1) t -0.288 = -(0.132 yr-1) t t = 2.18 yr
4. The first order reaction, CH3NC CH3CN, has a rate constant of 6.3x10-4 s-1 at 230 C.
A. What is the half-life of the reaction?
0.693 0.693
t1/2 = = = 1.1 x 103 s
k 6.3x10 4 s 1
B. How much of a 10.0 g sample of CH3NC will remain after 5 half-lives?
5
1
10.0 g = 0.313 g
2
C. How many seconds would be required for 75% of a CH3NC sample to decompose?
75% decomposed; 25% remains, so 2 half lives have passed.
21.1 x 103 s = 2.2 x 103 s
Kinetics Problems 2
ACTIVATION ENERGY AND REACTION MECHANISMS KEY
1. Draw the potential energy profile for a reaction with H = -150 kJ and Ea = 100 kJ.
Ea
E
H
2. A certain first order reaction has a rate constant of 1.75 x 10-1 s-1 at 20 °C. What is the
value of k at 60 °C if Ea = 55.5 kJ/mol?
k1 = 1.75 x 10-1 s-1 T1 = 293 K Ea = 55.5 kJ/mol
J 1k J
k2 = ? T2= 333 K R = 8.314 = 8.314 x 10-3 kJ/(Kmol)
Kmol 1000 J
kJ
k 1 1 1.75 x10 1 s 1
55 .5
E mol 1 1
ln 1 = a ln =
k2 R T2 T1 k2 8.314 x10 3 k J 333 K 293 K
Kmol
1.75 x10 1 s 1
ln = 6.68x103 K(-0.000410 K-1) = -2.74
k2
1.75 x10 1 s 1 1.75 x10 1 s 1
= e-2.74 = 0.0646 k2 = = 2.71 s-1
k2 0.0646
1. The following mechanism has been proposed for the reaction: 2SO2 + O2 2SO3
Step 1: 2NO + O2 2NO2 slow
Step 2: 2NO2 + 2SO2 2NO + 2SO3 fast
Rate = k[NO]2[O2]
Kinetics Problems 3