CHARINA AUBREY RIODIL

BSN-II
1. Why are minerals called micronutrients?

Vitamins and minerals are often called micronutrients because your body

needs only tiny amounts of them. Yet failing to get even those small quantities
virtually guarantees disease.

2. Where do minerals in food come from?

We get them from our diet. The minerals come from rocks, soil, and water,
and they're absorbed as the plants grow or by animals as the animals eat the
plants. Fresh foods aren't our only source of dietary minerals, however. Some
processed foods, like breakfast cereal, may be fortified with minerals.

3. Why do we need minerals?

Just like vitamins, minerals help your body grow, develop, and stay

healthy. The body uses minerals to perform many different functions — from
building strong bones to transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are even
used to make hormones or maintain a normal heartbeat.

4. Do they provide energy (calories)?

Specifically, a calorie is the amount of energy, or heat, it takes to raise the

temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree Celsius (1.8 degrees Fahrenheit).
One calorie is equal to 4.184 joules, a common unit of energy used in the
physical sciences.

5. Are minerals destroyed by heat or air?

They can be destroyed by heat or exposure to air. They can also get lost

in water when cooking, especially when boiling food. Steaming or grilling, as well
as using cooking water to add flavour to soups and stews are good ways to
preserve water-soluble vitamins.

6. What can happen to a person who does not get enough of the essential
minerals?
CHARINA AUBREY RIODIL
BSN-II
A mineral deficiency occurs when your body doesn't obtain or absorb the required
amount of a mineral. The human body requires different amounts of each mineral to
stay healthy. Such as Calcium deficiency, Iron deficiency, Magnesium deficiency,
Potassium deficiency, Zinc deficiency,

7. Which four mineral deficiencies are most likely to cause serious health care
problems if we do not get enough of these minerals from our food?

A calcium deficiency produces few obvious symptoms in the short term. That’s
because your body carefully regulates the amount of calcium in the blood. Lack of
calcium over the long term can lead to decreased bone mineral density called
osteopenia. If left untreated, osteopenia can turn to osteoporosis. This increases the
risk of bone fractures, especially in older adults. Severe calcium deficiency is usually
caused by medical problems or treatments, such as medications (like diuretics),
surgery to remove the stomach, or kidney failure.

Symptoms of a severe deficiency include:

- cramping of the muscles

- numbness

- tingling in the fingers

- fatigue

- poor appetite

- irregular heart rhythms

8. Do you think you get enough of these essential minerals from the foods you eat?

No, because our body needs certain minerals to build strong bones and teeth
and turn the food you eat into energy. As with vitamins, a healthy balanced
diet should provide all the minerals your body needs to work properly. Essential
minerals include calcium, iron and potassium
CHARINA AUBREY RIODIL
BSN-II

9. Do you eat variety of different foods to be sure you get all of the minerals you
need?

Yes, because we can take the different properties like anti-oxidant and
etc. that we can get in the different variety of food that also help to boost our
immune system.

10. How can you add more foods rich in essential minerals to your meals?

I can add more foods rich in essential minerals to my meals by simply

eating food that rich in calcium (like milk, soya and dairy product), chloride
( celery, lettuce and etc.) and many more essential minerals.
CHARINA AUBREY RIODIL
BSN-II
EXERCISE 9

11. List down important sources of linolinic, and arachidonic acid.

Dietary sources of alpha-linolenic acid include:

 Flaxseeds and flaxseed oil.

 Canola (rapeseed) oil.

 Soybeans and soybean oil.

 Pumpkin seeds and pumpkin seed oil.

 Perilla seed oil.

 Tofu.

 Walnuts and walnut oil.

12. Differentiate cataboliosm and anabolism.

Anabolism refers to the process which builds molecules the body needs; it

usually requires energy for completion. Catabolism refers to the process that
breaks down complex molecules into smaller molecules; it usually releases
energy for the organism to use.

13. Give two important sources of lysine, tryptophan, methionine, leucine, isoleucine,
phenylalanine, valine and threonine.

 Good sources of lysine include foods that are rich in protein, such as: Meat,
specifically red meat, pork, and poultry, cheese, particularly parmesan.

 Tryptophan is present in most protein-based foods or dietary proteins. It is

particularly plentiful in chocolate, oats, dried dates, milk, yogurt, cottage cheese,
red meat, eggs, fish, poultry, sesame, chickpeas, almonds, sunflower seeds,
pumpkin seeds, buckwheat, spirulina, and peanuts.

 High methionine foods include turkey, beef.

 Sources of leucine Dairy, soy, beans, and legumes.

 Phenylalanine is in dairy, meat, poultry, soy, fish, beans, and nuts.

CHARINA AUBREY RIODIL
BSN-II
 As l-valine is an essential amino acid it is important that you include it in your
diet. Good natural sources of this amino acid include dairy products, meat, fish,
lentils, mushrooms, sesame seeds, leafy greens, soy protein and peanuts.

 Foods high in threonine include cottage cheese, poultry, fish, meat, lentils, black
turtle bean and sesame seeds.