St.

Paul College of Ilocos Sur

Member, St. Paul University System
2726 Bayubay San Vicente, Ilocos Sur

DEPARTMENT OF ARTS, SCIENCES AND TEACHER EDUCATION

Midterm Examination/Output/Requirement
LIT 102 – World Civilization and Literature
First Semester, AY 2020-2021
Instructor: Ms. Hannah Marie Suzanne S. Callejo

Name: CHARINA AUBREY RIODIL Score: _____________

Course & Year: BSN-III Date: 11/25/2020

Objectives: To assess students’ knowledge, skills and values learned in:

1. Module 1: Background knowledge about the Medieval Period
2. Module 2: Different Literary Pieces from the Period (Epics)
3. Module 3:The Divine Comedy

I. TRUE/FALSE
Recall your knowledge about the Medieval Period specifically the customs, traditions and
themes that transpired during this time.

False 1. Middle Age is the time after the Classical Age of Ancient Greece and Rome
and before the Renaissance.
True 2. The Medieval Period is also known as the Dark Ages of Religion.

True 3. The Middle Ages is only about knights in shining armors, lavish banquets,
and glorious pageantry.
True 4. In the Medieval Feudal System, peasant worked the land for the nobles and
knights who in turn offered them protection.
True 5. During the Middle Ages nearly all the lands of Europe converted to
Christianity.
True 6. The Black Death killed nearly half the people of Europe.

True 7. The wars between the Holy Roman Empire and the Muslims were called
The Crusades.
True 8. Feudalism is a system of rights and values.

True 9. The lord gave large portions of his land to the church.

False 10. Religion in terms of civilization is about more equality between the social
classes.
 II. Literary Pieces and Genres during the Medieval Period

You have encountered these literary pieces in your readings and activities. Given the titles, distinguish
its author or its country of origin.

LITERARY PIECES
11. The Divine Comedy Long Italian narrative poem by Dante Alighieri,
begun c. 1308 and completed in 1320.
12. The Song of Roland La Chanson de Roland, the earliest surviving
masterpiece of French literature.
13. El Cid Rodrigo Díaz de Vivar was a Castilian knight
and warlord in medieval Spain.
14. Beowulf The author of Beowulf is unknown. It is possible
that the poem was composed by and transmitted
between several different poets before it was
preserved in a single manuscript that dates to
about 1000.
15. The Canterbury Tales A collection of 24 stories that runs to over 17,000
lines written in Middle English by Geoffrey
Chaucer between 1387 and 1400.
16. Summa Theologica Roman Catholicism, a systematic compendium
of theology written by Thomas Aquinas between
about 1265 and 1273.
THE DIVINE COMEDY BY DANTE

Fill in the following information based on what you have read.

The Characters:

 Dante A thirty-five-year-old man, spiritually lost and wandering away from the True Way — the
path of righteousness and of God.
 Virgil A "shade" residing in the Limbo section of Hell, also known as the first circle.

 Achilles (12) One of the heroes of the Trojan War.

 Antaeus (31) Giant slain by Hercules.

 Argenti (8) Florentine, bitter enemy of Dante's.

 Attila (12) Chief of the Huns. Called "the Scourge of God."

 Beatrice (2). The inspiration for Dante's work. She entreats Virgil to save Dante.

 Bocca (32) Traitor of Florence. On one occasion he betrayed the Guelphs and caused
their defeat.

 Boniface VIII, Pope (27) Dante's bitter enemy.

 Brunetto Latini (15) Distinguished scholar, beloved friend, and advisor to Dante.

 Brutus (34) One of the conspirators in the murder of Caesar.

 Caiaphas (23) The high priest who influenced the Hebrew Council to crucify Jesus.

 Capaneus (14) One of the seven against Thebes. Defied Zeus and was killed by him.

 Cassius (34) One of the conspirators who killed Julius Caesar.

 Calvacanti, Cavalcante dei (10) Father of the poet Guido who is Dante's friend.

 Guido His son. The father inquires about him in Hell.

 Celestine V, Pope (3) Resigned the papal throne, thus making way for Pope Boniface
VIII.

 Cerberus (6) The three headed hound: guards one of the gates of Hell.

 Charon (3) The Ferryman of the river Acheron in Hell.

 Ciacco (5) A notorious glutton: his name means "the hog."

 Cleopatra (5) Queen of Egypt; mistress of Caesar and Mark Antony.

 Dido (5) Queen of Carthage. She was Aeneas' lover.

 Diomede (26) Companion of Ulysses in his last voyage.

 Donati family (28) A politically powerful family who caused the split in the political
parties.

 Erichtho (9) Sorceress who conjured Virgil's spirit to help Dante.

 Farinata (10) A prominent leader of the Ghibelline party who defeated Dante's party.

 Francesca da Rimini (5) Lover of Paolo whose brother slew them in the act of adultery.

 Frederick II, Emperor (10) Attempted to unite Italy and Sicily.

 Geri del Bello (29) Cousin to Dante whosemurder was not avenged.

 Geryon (17) A monster who represents fraud.

 Gianni Schicchi (3) Aided a member of the Donati family in falsifying a will.

 Harpies (13) In mythology, birds with the faces of women.

 Jason (28) Leader of the Argonauts in their quest for the Golden Fleece.

 Judas Iscariot (34) One of the twelve disciples. He betrayed Jesus.

 Mahomet (28) Founder of the Islamic religion.

 Malabranche (21) Demons who punish the barrators. The name means "evil-claws."

 Malacoda (21) One of the Malebranche. His name means "evil tail."

 Medusa (9) One of the Gorgons. The sight of her head filled with snakes turned men to
stone.

 Minotaur (12) A monster with a bull's body and a man's head.

 Nessus (12) One of the Centaurs, killed by Hercules.

 Nicholas, III, Pope (19) Successor to Pope John XXI; accused of Simony.

 Paolo da Rimini (5) Committed adultery with Francesca, his brother's wife.

 Phlegyas (8) Ferryman of the river Styx in Hell.

 Plutus (7) God of riches.

 Potiphar's Wife (30) Falsely accused Joseph of trying to seduce her.

  Ruggieri, Archbishop (10) Traitor who starved Ugolino and his sons.

 Satan (34) Also called Lucifer, Dis, and Beelzebub, he is the "Emperor of Hell."

 Scala, Can Grande ella (1) Dante's friend and protector in exile.

 Sinon the Greek (30) Accused of treachery during Trojan War.

 Thaïs (18) A courtesan who flattered her lover excessively.

 Ugolino, Count (33) Imprisoned with his sons and starved to death.

 Ulysses (26) Legendary hero of Homer's Odyssey.

 Vanni Fucci (24) A thief who shocks Dante with his obscenity.
 Vigne, Pier delle (13) He was unjustly imprisoned for graft and committed suicide.

The Three Canticas:

The Divine Comedy is composed of 14,233 lines that are divided into three cantiche 
 (singular cantica) – Inferno (Hell), 
 Purgatorio (Purgatory)
 Paradiso (Paradise) – each consisting of 33 cantos (Italian plural canti).

Three Beast / Representation

The three beasts are allegories of three different sins: the leopard represents lust, the lion pride,
and the wolf represents avarice.  Collectively, these three beasts share a symbolic meaning in
that they represent all of man's sins. Individually, the leopard  represents fraud, the
lion represents violence, and the she-wolf represents incontinence.

INFERNO (HELL)
CIRCLE 1 - LIMBO the Atheist and the unbaptized
They are not exactly sinful but they did not accept Christ.

CIRCLE 2 Lust: Self-explanatory. 

Dante encounters Achilles, Paris, Tristan, Cleopatra, and Dido, among others.

CIRCLE 3 Gluttony: Where those who overindulge exist. Dante encounters ordinary people here,
not characters from epic poems or gods from mythology. The author Boccaccio took one of these
characters, Ciacco, and incorporated him into his 14th-century collection of tales called "The
Decameron."
 CIRCLE 4 Avarice & Prodigality.  The miserly and spendthrift push great heavy weights
together, crashing them time and time again. Plutus guards them.

CIRCLE 5 Wrath & Sullenness. The wrathful fight each other on the surface of
the Styx while the sullen gurgle beneath it. Fillippo Argenti is here.

CIRCLE 6 Heresy. Heretics are trapped in flaming tombs.

Florentines Farinata degli Uberti and Cavalcante de' Cavalcanti are
here.

CIRCLE 7 Violence. The violent against people and

property, the suicides, the blashphemers, the sodomites and
the usurers.

CIRCLE 8 Fraud. Panderers and seducers, flatterers,

sorcerers and false prophets, liars, thieves, and
Ulysses and Diomedes.

CIRCLE 9 – Treachery (Traitors)

They betrayed their families, loved ones
or even God.

Question: Based from the story, what is the difference between the Purgatorio and
Inferno in terms of structures?

Purgatory in the poem is depicted as a mountain in the Southern Hemisphere, consisting of a bottom section (Ante-
Purgatory), seven levels of suffering and spiritual growth (associated with the seven deadly sins), and finally the Earthly
Paradise at the top. Allegorically, the Purgatorio represents the penitent Christian life. In describing the climb Dante
discusses the nature of sin, examples of vice and virtue, as well as moral issues in politics and in the Church. The poem
outlines a theory that all sins arise from love – either perverted love directed towards others' harm, or deficient love, or the
disordered or excessive love of good things.
The Inferno describes Dante's journey through Hell, guided by the ancient Roman poet Virgil. In the poem, Hell is
depicted as nine concentric circles of torment located within the Earth; it is the "realm ... of those who have rejected spiritual
values by yielding to bestial appetites or violence, or by perverting their human intellect to fraud or malice against their
fellowmen". As an allegory, the Divine Comedy represents the journey of the soul toward God, with the Inferno describing
the recognition and rejection of sin.

PURGATORIO (Purgatory)
 Punishments
1st Terrace: LUSTFUL
Purified through fire.

2nd Terrace: GLUTTONOUS

Condemned to emaciating hunger and
thirst.

3rd Terrace: AVARICIOUS

With bound hand and foot, lie stretched on the
ground, face down.

4th Terrace: SLOTHFUL

Made to run without respite.

5th Terrace: WRATHFUL

Punished by dark smoke.

6th Terrace: ENVIOUS

Punished by having their eyelids sewn up with iron wires.

7th Terrace: PRIDEFUL

Punished by bearing the weight of heavy stones.

ANTE-PURGATORIO: LATE-REPENTANT
These sinners stay in purgatory until the prayers of their loved ones shorten their stay there.

Question: Is this true in Science?

What contradiction does Science
give?

Yes because in astronomy the geocentric

model (also known as geocentrism, often
exemplified specifically by the Ptolemaic system) is
a superseded description of
the Universe with Earth at the center. Under the
geocentric model, the Sun, Moon, stars,
and planets all orbited Earth. Two observations
supported the idea that Earth was the center of the
Universe: First, from anywhere on Earth, the Sun
appears to revolve around Earth once per day.
While the Moon and the planets have their own
motions, they also appear to revolve around Earth
about once per day. The stars appeared to
be fixed on a celestial sphere rotating once each day
about an axis through the geographic poles of Earth.
Second, Earth seems to be unmoving from the
perspective of an earthbound observer; it feels
solid, stable, and stationary.

THE SPHERES OF HEAVEN

 1st Heaven: Sphere of the Moon Site of those whose vows gave way before violence 

2nd Heaven: Sphere of the Mercury those here are those who gave service in life, but whose service was somewhat
marred by ambition.

3rd Heaven: Sphere of the Venus Site of those who were lovers, but whose love was marred by wantonness

Sphere of the Sun: The Wise. The Fourth Sphere of Heaven is for those wise and intellectual people, who sought to
educate the hearts and minds of others. 

Sphere of Mars: The Warriors of Faith. This Sphere is of the warriors who souls are holding up a cross, and these souls
have fought and given up their lives for the faith, including many heroes from the crusades. 

Sphere of Jupiter: The Just Rulers. In the sixth Sphere or the sixth Dantesque circle, the souls of the rulers
just in their ruling make up the shape of an eagle, telling Dante the importance of justice. 

Sphere of Saturn: The Contemplatives. The Seventh Sphere, the Sphere of Saturn, is a habitation for those souls who
are an embodiment of the cardinal value, temperance. This Sphere is a congregation of those who lived their lives in abstinence
and sound-mindedness.

The Fixed Stars. The Eighth Sphere or the Sphere of the Fixed Stars is perched upon the Gemini constellation, which
coincidentally is the same star sign as that of Dante. 

9th Heaven: Primum Mobile The spirits here are the Three Spheres of the Angels / Nine Choirs of Angels and the souls
of those who were baptized before reaching the age of reason.
 Dante will be examined by the Apostles who stand at the threshold to the Primum
Mobile, concerning his understanding of the theological virtues. Summarize Dante’s
Viewpoints about the three virtues.
Christ entrusted the keys of the Church,
the faith to Peter, “The Rock‟ on which
the Church would be built. Hebrews
11:1 On Earth, faith is the substance of,
and the evidence for, what will be seen
as substance in heaven, and there require
no visible proofs.
Prepared by:
MS. HANNAH MARIE SUZANNE S. CALLEJO
Instructor
“Hope is the certain
expectation of future
bliss, coming from the
grace of God and
preceding merit.” 
Dante’s hope then, is of
the immortality of the
soul and the Dante is temporarily blinded
by the dazzle light of Saint
resurrection of the
body. John’s splendor, like a man
gazes at the sun’s eclipse.
Goodness is the object of
love, and since God is the
supreme good, ‟He is the
supreme object of love. The
more a mind sees the good,
the more it must focus on
that, supreme” object, with
love. Dante confessed that all
things which share in the
Divine Good inspire love in
him; including the world’s
creation, his own being, the
redemption and man’s hope
of Paradise.
Reviewed and Noted by:
Date: Date:
SR. FIDELISA DE MARIE PORTILLO, SPC
___________ Program Chair, DASTE ___________