Revision Session (Average, Percentage, Algebra Word Problems)

AVERAGE
The average of a number is a measure of the central tendency of a set of numbers. In other
words, it is an estimate of where the center point of a set of numbers lies. i.e Average equals
to the ratio of Sum of observations to Number of observations.
!"# %& '()*+,-./%0) %+ .*+#)
Average formula – 1: 𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = 1"#(*+ %& '()*+,-./%0) %+ .*+#)

Example 1: How to find the average of 3,5,7

3+5+7 15
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = = =5
3 3
Note: 1. If x is added to all the items, then the average increases by x.
2. If x is subtracted from all the items, then the average decreases by x.
3. If every item is multiplied by x, then the average also gets multiplied by x.
4. If every item is divided by x, then the average also gets divided by x.

Example 2: If 10 is added to each term of above stated example then what would be the new average?
New values = (3+10), (5+10), (7 +10)
= 13, 15, 17
13 + 15 + 17 45
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = = = 15
3 3
Hence it is proved: If x is added to all the items, then the average increases by x.

Average formula – 2: Sum of Elements = Average X No. of Elements

Example 3: The average of marks obtained by 4 students on a class is 65. Find the sum of the marks
obtained?
Number of Students = 4
Average of Marks obtained = 65

Sum of marks = Average marks X No. of students

Sum of marks = 65 X 4
Sum of marks = 260
𝑺𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒆𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔
Average formula − 𝟑 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑬𝒍𝒆𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 =
𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆
Example 4: If the sum of elements and average are respectively 65 and 13 then find the number of elements
𝑆𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 65
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 = = =5
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 13

Average formula – 4 (Weighted Average)

When we have two or more groups whose individual averages are known, then to find the
combined average of all elements of all the groups we use weighted average.
If we have “ n” groups with averages A 1 ,A 2 , A 3 , A 4 ……. An and having X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 ,
……. X n elements then the weighted average is given by the formula.
A1. X1 + A2. X2 + A3. X3 + ⋯ + 𝐴𝑛. 𝑋𝑛
X1, X2, X3, … + 𝑋𝑛

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Director, National Careers Academy
Example- 5 : A school has only 3 classes that contain 20, 30 and 10 students respectively.
The pass percentage of these classes are 80%, 70% & 60% respectively then find the pass
percentage of the entire school.
Solution: From the above formula
!" $ %"&'" $ ("&)" $ 60 *'""
The pass percentage of the entire school = = 71.67 %
!"&'"&)" +"

Increase Or Decrease In Average By Inclusion Or Exclusion Of Elements

Example – 6 : The average age of 30 students is 10 years. If the teacher’s age is included, the
average age becomes 11 years. What is the teacher’s age?

Sol Total age of 30 students = 30 × 10 = 300 years.

Average age of 30 students and one teacher = 11 years
Total of their ages ( including the teacher)= 31 × 11 = 341 years
Teacher’s age = 341 – 300 = 41 years

Example – 7: The average weight of 25 students is 30 kgs. If one student excluded, the
average remaining students weight becomes 29 kgs. What is the weight of excluded student?
Sol Total weight of 25 students = 25 x 30 = 750 kgs
Average weight of students with out one student = 29 kgs
Total of their weight ( excluding the student)= 24 x 29 = 696 kgs
Weight of the excluded student = 750 – 696 = 54 kgs

Average of a small group out of a large group

If the average of n1 quantities is x and the average of n2 quantities out of them is y the
0456078
average of remaining group is
04607
Example – 8: Average salary of all the 50 employees including 5 officers of a company is Rs 850.
If the average salary of the officers is Rs 2500, find the average salary of the remaining staff of the
company.
Here, n1 = 50, n2 = 5, x = 850 and y = 2500
∴ Average salary of the remaining staff

= 3000/45 = Rs 667 (approx)

Average Speed Questions

𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑
𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑆𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑇𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑒𝑛

Example 9 A car travels 3 hours. It travels 30 miles in the first hour, 45 miles in the second
hour and 75 miles in the third hour.

Speed in the first hour = 30 miles / hour

Speed in the second hour = 45 miles / hour
Speed in the third hour = 75 miles / hour
We have three different speeds in the three hour journey.

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Director, National Careers Academy
 If we want to find the average speed for the whole journey of three hours, we have to find the
ratio between the total distance covered and total time taken.
That is, constant speed = (30 + 45 + 75) / 3
= 150 / 3
= 50 miles / hour
Same distance at two different speeds –
If a person travels two equal distances at a speed of “a” km/hr and “b” km/hr, then average
speed “A” km/hr
2𝑎𝑏
𝐴=
𝑎+𝑏
Example – 10: A student travels to reach a school at a speed of 10 km/hr and returns at the
rate of 12 km/hr. What is the average speed of the student?
Solution: According to above formula
Average speed of the student = 2 x 10 x 12 / (10+12)
= 240 / 22 = 10.91 km/hr.
Same distance at three different speeds –
If a person travels three equal distances at a speed of “a” km/hr, “b” km/hr & “c” km/hr, then
average speed “A” km/hr
3𝑎𝑏𝑐
𝐴=
𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏𝑐 + 𝑐𝑎
Example – 11: If a person travels three equal distances at a speed of “15” km/hr, “20” km/hr
& “10” km/hr, then find average speed of that person.
Solution: According to above formula
3 𝑋 15 𝑋 20 𝑋 10
𝐴=
15 𝑋 20 + 20 𝑋 10 + 10 𝑋 15
Average speed of the person
= (180/13) km/hr
Different amount of distances and three different speeds
If a person covers A km at a speed of x km/h, B km at a speed of y km/h and C Km at speed of
z km/h, the average speed during the whole journey is
𝑨+𝑩+𝑪
𝑨 𝑩 𝑪
𝒙 + 𝒚 + 𝒛
in other words, time spent for each part is calculated by dividing respective distance with
9 : ;
speeds such asT 1 = 5 , T 2 = 8 and T 3 = <
9=:=;
then Average speed = >4=>7=>?

Example 12: A person covers 9 km at a speed of 3km/h, 25 km at a speed of 5km/h. and 30

km at a speed of 10km/h. Find the speed for entire journey.
The average speed is

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 𝟗 + 𝟐𝟓 + 𝟑𝟎
𝟗 𝟐𝟓 𝟑𝟎
𝟑 + 𝟓 + 𝟏𝟎
The average speed is 64/11
Example 13: A person covers first one fourth of distance at a speed of 8km/h, the next three
fifths at a speed of 6km/h and remaining distance at a speed of 15km/h. Find the speed for
entire journey.
𝟏
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝑨 𝑩 𝑪 km/h
= =
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛

𝟏
𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 𝟏/𝟒 𝟑/𝟓 𝟑/𝟐𝟎 km/h
= =
𝟖 𝟔 𝟏𝟓

𝐴𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑒𝑑 = 3200/452

Average of Number Series

Rules The average of first n natural numbers is 𝒏=𝟏
𝟐
Average of first n EVEN numbers (n+1)
Average of first ” n ” odd numbers = n
The average of 1 to n odd numbers OR first n consecutive odd numbers is
𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒅𝒅 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 + 𝟏
𝟐
The average of 1 to n even numbers OR first n consecutive Even numbers is
𝒍𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 =𝟐
𝟐
First number+ Last number
Average of consecutive numbers/series =
2

The average of n consecutive number, consecutive natural number, consecutive even number,
consecutive odd numbers is always the middle number if n is odd. If n is even then it is always the average
of two middle number

Question 1: What is the average of odd numbers from 1 to 40?

?M=4 NO
7
= 7 = 20
Question 2: What is the average of even numbers from 1 to 81?
PO=7 P7
7
= 7 = 41
Question 3: What is the average of first 51 numbers?
Q4=4 Q7
7
= 7 = 26
Question No. 4 Find the average of the following even numbers 2, 4, 6, 8 , 10 , 12 , 14

Average of first n consecutive even numbers is (n+1) = 7 +1 = 8

OR
2, 4 , 6 , 8 , 10 , 12 , 14
Average is Middle number that is 8 in the above example

Question No. 5 Find the average of the first 31 consecutive even numbers

Average of first n consecutive even numbers is (n+1) = 31 +1 = 32

Question No. 6 Find the average of the first 5 consecutive odd numbers
First consecutive odd numbers are 1, 3, 5, 7, 9

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 average is middle number 1, 3, 5, 7, 9
but if we count them, then the count (n) is equal to 5 and that is the average
Similarly, Average of first 100 consecutive odd numbers is (n) = 100

Question No. 7 The average of first five multiples of 3 is:

first five multiples of 3 are: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15
average = 9
OR
average of first FIVE numbers is 3 => 1 2 3 4 5.
Now multiple it with 3 and it becomes 9
Question No. 8: What is average of 7 runs, 9 runs, 11 runs, …., 27 runs, 29 runs and 31 runs?
First number+ Last number
Average of consecutive numbers =
2
Here the difference between numbers is constant = 2.
So this can be called a consecutive series.
31+7
∴ Average = = 19
2
Question No. 9: The average of first 19 multiples of 12 is
(n+1)
Average of 'n' multiples of any number = Multiple x
2
IMPORTANT NOTE - It is similar to average of first n natural numbers. Just multiply by the number as
shown above.
Here n = 19
(19+1)
Average of 19 multiples of 12 = 12 x = 120
2
Rules
(𝒏#𝟏)(𝟐𝒏#𝟏)
Average of sum of square of first ” n” natural numbers = 𝟔
𝟐(𝒏#𝟏)(𝟐𝒏#𝟏)
Average of sum of square of first “n” even numbers = 𝟑

Average of sum of square of first “n” odd numbers =

Average of cubes of first ” n” natural numbers =
Average of cubes of first “n” even natural numbers = 2n(n +1) 2
Average of cubes of first “n” odd natural numbers = n(2n2 – 1)

Average of first “n “multiple of ” m” =

Example – 5: Find the average of series 1 2 , 2 2 , 3 2 , …………. 30 2

Solution: Here we know it is series of squares of first 30 natural number. So according
to above formula
= (30+1) (2×30 +1) /6
= 31 x 61 / 6 = 1891 /6 = 315.17
Example – 6: Find the average of series of numbers 1 2 , 3 2 , 5 2 , …………. 99 2
Solution: Here we find it is series of squares of odd numbers from 1 to 99
Average of sum of square of first “50” odd numbers ( i.e 1 2 , 3 2 , 5 2 , …………. 99 2 )
=( 4 x 50x 50 – 1 ) / 3 = 9999/3 = 3333

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Example – 7: Find the average of series of numbers 8, 64, 216, ……… 27000
Solution: Here we find it is series of cubes of even numbers from 2 to 30
Average of sum of cubes of first “15” even numbers ( i.e 2 3 , 4 3 , 6 3 , …………. 30 3 ) 2n
( n +1) 2
= 2 x 15 x 16 x 16
EXERCISE A
Q. 1. The average of 7 consecutive numbers is 33. The largest of these numbers is:
(a) 36 (b) 33 (c) 30 (d) 28
Ans. (a)
Solution: Let the numbers be x, x+1, x+2, x+3, x+4, x+5 and x+6
x + x +1+ x + 2 + x + 3 + x + 4 + x + 5 + x + 6
Then, = 33
7
7x + 21 7 (x + 3)
or = 33 or = 33 or x + 3 = 33 or x = 30
7 7
\ Largest number = x + 6 = (30 + 6) = 36
Q. 2. The average height of 30 boys out of a class of 50, is 160 cm. If the average height of the remaining boys is
165 cm, the average height of the whole class (in cm) is:
(a) 161 (b) 162 (c) 163 (d) 164
Ans. (b)
Solution: Required average = æç 30 ´ 160 + 20 ´ 165 ö÷ = 162 cm
è 50 ø
Q. 3. The average of three numbers is 20. If two numbers are 16 and 22, the third is:
(a) 22 (b) 20 (c) 19 (d) 18
Ans. (a)
Solution: Total sum of three numbers = (20 ´ 3) = 60
Third number = 60 - (16+22) = 22
Q. 4. The average age of 30 students of a class is 12 years. The average age of a group of 5 of the students is 10
years and that of another group of 5 of them is 14 years. What is the average age of the remaining students?
(a) 8 years (b) 10 years (c) 12 years (d) 14 years
Ans. (c)
Solution: Total age of 20 students = (30 ´ 12) - (5 ´ 10 + 5 ´ 14) = 240 years
\ Required average = æç 240 ö÷ = 12 years
è 20 ø
Q. 5. The mean of 100 observations was calculated as 40. It was found later on that one of the observations was
misread as 83 instead of 53. The correct mean is:
(a) 39 (b) 39.7 (c) 40.3 (d) 42.7
Ans. (b)
Solution: Correct sum = (40 ´ 100 + 53 - 83) = 3970
3970
\ Correct mean = = 39.7
100
Q. 6. A motorist travels to a place 150 km away at an average speed of 50 km per hour and returns at 30 km per
hour. His average speed for the whole journey in km per hour is:
(a) 35 (b) 37 (c) 37.5 (d) 40
Ans. (c)
æ 2´ 50 ´ 30 ö
Solution: Average speed = 2xy km/hr = ç ÷ km/hr = 37.5 km/hr
x+y è 50 + 30 ø
Q. 7. A cricketer has a certain average for 9 innings. In the tenth inning, he scores 100 runs, thereby increasing
his average by 8 runs. His new average is:
(a) 20 runs (b) 24 runs (c) 28 runs (d) 32runs
Ans. (c)
Solution: Let average for 9 innings be x. Then,

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Director, National Careers Academy
 9x + 100
= x +8 Þ 10x + 80 = 9x +100 Þ x = 20
10
\ New average = (x + 8) = 28 runs
Q. 8. Five years ago, the average age of P and Q was 15 years. Average age of P, Q and R today is 20 years. How
old will R be after 10 years?
(a) 35 years (b) 40 years (c) 30 years (d) 50 years
Ans. (c)
Solution: (P + Q) , five years ago = (15 ´ 2) = 30 years
(P + Q) , now = (30 + 5 ´ 2) years = 40 years
(P + Q + R) , now = (20 ´ 3) years = 60 years
\ R, now = (60 - 40) years = 20 years
R, after 10 years = (20 + 10) years = 30 years
Q. 9. The daily earnings of a taxi driver during a week are: Rs. 60, Rs. 65, Rs. 70, Rs. 52.50, Rs. 63, Rs. 73 and Rs.
68. What is his average daily earning for the week?
(a) Rs. 74.50 (b) Rs. 54.50 (c) Rs. 64.50 (d) Rs. 84.50
Ans. (c)
Solution: Total earning for 7 days
= Rs. (60 + 65 + 70 + 52.50 + 63 + 73 + 68)
= Rs. 451.50
451.50
Average daily earning = Rs. = Rs. 64.50
7
Q. 10. In a class of 20 students in an examination in Mathematics 2 students scored 100 marks each, 3 got zero each
and the average of the rest was 40. What is the average of the whole class?
(a) 40 marks (b) 35 marks (c) 32 marks (d) 45 marks
Ans. (a)
Solution: Marks scored by 2 students = 100 ´ 2 = 200
Marks scored by 3 students = 3 ´ 0 = 0
Marks scored by 15 students = 15 ´ 40 = 600
\ Marks scored by 20 students = 200 + 0 + 600 = 800
800
\ Average marks = = 40
20

Q. 11 Out of four numbers, the average of first three is 16 and that of the last three is 15. If the last number is 18,
Find the first number?
Solution: - Sum of Last 3 numbers= 15 x 3 = 45 Hence the last number is 18
So, Sum of 2nd & 3rd = 45-18= 27
Again, sum of first three numbers = 16 x 3=48
Therefore the 1st number will be = sum of 1st 3 number-sum of 2nd & 3rd number i.e. 48-27 = 21
So, the answer is 21.

Q. 12 Out of four numbers, the average of first three is 15 and that of the last three is 16. If the last number is 19,
the first is :
Sum of the first 3 numbers = 3 x 15 = 45.
Sum of the last 3 numbers = 3 x 16 = 48.
2nd+ 3rd + 4th = 48
2nd + 3rd + 19 = 48
2nd + 3rd = 29.
Again ,
1st + 2nd + 3rd = 45
1st + 29 = 45
1st = 45 - 29
1st = 16.

EXERCISE A
1. Ali travels a distance of 300 km in 5 hours. Find the average speed of Ali.

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2. Sana covers a distance of 244 km in 4 hours. Find the average speed of Sana.
3. How many miles does a bus travels in 5.5 hours, if its average speed is 40 miles/h?
4. How many miles does a train travels in 7 hours, if its average speed is 80 miles/h?
5. Calculate the total time taken by a bus to cover a distance of 225 km at an average speed 45 km/h.
6. Calculate the total time taken by a train to cover a distance of 320 km at an average speed 40 km/h.
7. Fahad travels for 5 hours at 40 mile/h. Find the total distance traveled.
8. Fahad travels for 3 hours at 40 mile/h and then covers a distance of 95 miles in next 2 hours. Find the average.
9. Aslam travels at the speed of 65 km/h for 4 hours, then reaches at the motorway and travels at the speed of 80 km/h for
2 hours. What will be average speed of his car?
10. Fatima drives a distance of 300 km at an average speed of 40 km/h, and then returns at an average speed of 60 km/h.
What will be her average speed for the entire trip?
11. If the average of 2, 3, 4, 5 and X is 6, what is the value of X?
12. If the average of 18.25, 21.75, 19.5 and W is 20, what is the value of W?
13. If the average of 9.75, 10.25, 8.50 and F is 10, what is the value of F?
14. The average of 5 tests is 46 and that of first 4 is 45. The 5th test is?
15. The average of 7 tests is 90 and that of first 6 is 95. The 7th test is?
16. Tahir buys two books for Rs. 400 each, and four books for 250 each, what will be the average price of books?
17. Ahmad buys one book for Rs. 44, two books for 65 each, and three books for Rs. 80 each, what will be the average
price of books?
18. Seemab buys two articles for Rs. 15 each and three articles for 35 each. Find the average price of the articles.
19. Maham buys two diaries for Rs. 75 each, two diaries for Rs. 100 and two diaries for 125 each, what will be the average
price of diaries?
20. Hamid buys two wall clocks for Rs. 150 each, three wall clocks for Rs. 200 and one wall clock for 300 each. Find the
average price of the wall clocks.
21. Abbas’s average on 4 tests is 45. What does he need on his 5th test to raise his average 50?
22. Ali’s average on 5 tests is 55. What does he need on his 6th test to raise his average 57?
23. The average of 6 tests is 8. What is the score needed in 7th test for an average of 9?
24. The average of 4 tests is 12. What is the score needed in 5th test for an average of 13?
25. Zuhra scored an average 34 runs in 3 matches. What does she need on her 4th test to raise her average 36?
Exercise B
Question 1: How to find the average of 3,5,7
Question 2 : If 10 is added to each term of above stated example then what would be the new average?
Question 3: The average of marks obtained by 4 students on a class is 65. Find the sum of the marks
obtained?
Question 4: If the sum of elements and average are respectively 65 and 13 then find the number of elements
Question - 5 : A school has only 3 classes that contain 20, 30 and 10 students respectively. The pass
percentage of these classes are 80%, 70% & 60% respectively then find the pass percentage of the entire
school.
Question 6: A family consists of two grandparents, two parents and three grandchildren. The average age of
the grandparents is 67 years, that of the parents is 35 years and that of the grandchildren is 6 years. What is the
average age of the family?
Question 7: A grocer has a sale of Rs. 6435, Rs. 6927, Rs. 6855, Rs. 7230 and Rs. 6562 for 5 consecutive
months. How much sale must he have in the sixth month so that he gets an average sale of Rs. 6500?
Question 8: In the first 10 overs of a cricket game, the run rate was only 3.2. What should be the run rate in
the remaining 40 overs to reach the target of 282 runs?
Question 9: The average of 20 numbers is zero. Of them, at the most, how many may be greater than zero?
Question – 10: The average age of 30 students is 10 years. If the teacher’s age is included, the average age
becomes 11 years. What is the teacher’s age?

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Director, National Careers Academy
Question – 11: The average weight of 25 students is 30 kgs. If one student excluded, the average remaining
students weight becomes 29 kgs. What is the weight of excluded student?
Question 12: The average weight of 8 person's increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one
of them weighing 65 kg. What might be the weight of the new person?
Question – 13: Average age of 20 students is 15 years. After including four new students their average
age becomes 16 years, then find the average age of four new students.
Question – 14: Average age of 20 students is 15 years. After including four new students their average
age becomes 16 years, then find the average age of four new students.
Question – 15: The captain of a cricket team of 11 members is 26 years old and the wicket keeper is 3 years
older. If the ages of these two are excluded, the average age of the remaining players is one year less than the
average age of the whole team. What is the average age of the team?
Question - 16: The average weight of 24 students of Section A of a 7th class is 58 kg, whereas average weight
of 26 students of section B of the same class is 60.5. find the average weight of 7th class students.
Question - 17: The average of 24 students and the class teachers is 16 years. if the teachers age is excluded
then the average age is reduced by 1 year. what is the age of the class teacher?
Question - 18: Average Salary of the 50 employees including 5 officers of a company is Rs 850. if the
average salary of the officers is Rs 2500 then find the average of the remaining staff of the company.
Question - 19: The average of 8 numbers is 21. If each of the numbers is multiplied by 8 find the average of a
new set of numbers.
Question - 20: There are 197 boys and 591 girls in a college. if average weight of boys is 63 kg and average
weight of girls 51 kg then what is the average weight of the students in the college.
Question 21: The average of x numbers is 5x. if x - 2 is subtracted from each given number, what will be the
new average?

PERCENTAGE FRACTIONS AND DECIMALS

The word percent means “out of hundred” or per hundred. The symbol is %. So, if someone says that he has
scored 75% marks in General Science and Ability it means 75 out of 100
75
75 % =
100
Percentages can be converted to fraction or Decimal of a whole. For instance, “50%” means “½”, “25%”
means “¼”, etc.
Decimal-Percent-Fraction Conversions
Decimal to Percent: Decimal to Percent conversions are easy; just move the decimal point two places to the right
and insert the percent symbol. For example,
0.25 = 25% 2.55 = 255% 0.0075 = 0.75%
Percent to Decimal: Percent to Decimal conversions are easy; just move the decimal point two
places to the left and drop the % symbol. For example:
34% = 0.34 106% = 1.06 0.5% = 0.005
Percent to Fraction: Percent to Fraction is quite easy as well. Divide the percentage number
with hundred and then simplify the fraction For example:
40 4 2
40% = = =
100 10 5
Convert a fraction into a per cent: To convert any fraction to per cent, multiply it by 100 and put % sign, i.e.
3
What percentage is equivalent to
5
3
Solution: ´ 100% = 60 %
5

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Director, National Careers Academy
 Exercise

Fractions And Percentage Quantities

To solve questions of format "What is x% of y?" every word or symbol in this sentence needs to be
translated into math. “What” always represents a variable; let’s use x. The verb (is, was, are) always
represents an equals sign. For any percentage, we write a fraction with the given number over 100. “Of”
always represents multiplication.
percentage is often used to describe changes in quantities or price
30 % discount 17% GST 10 % extra free
Example What is 30% of 80?
We can write: x = 30/100 * 80 and we do the math to solve for x.
The answer is 24.
Example Find 20 % of 75
4
This can be solved easily by converting 20 percent into fraction or decimal. 20% = Q
4
20 % of 75 => = Q 𝑋 75 = 15
Given 100% of a number, it is very easy to calculate 50%, 10%, 5% and 1% of that number. These four
building blocks can then be used to calculate any whole-number percentage in a very short time. Remember
the following to reduce your calculation speed.
1/1 = 100% 1/9 = 11.11%
1/2 = 50% 1/10 = 10 %
1/3 = 33.33% 1/11 = 9.09%
1/4 = 25% 1/12 = 8.33 %
1/5 = 20% 2/3 = 66.66%
1/6 = 16.66% 2/5 = 40%
1/7 = 14.28% 3/4 = 75 %

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Director, National Careers Academy
 1/8 = 12.5% 3/5 = 60%

Example: (i) What is 35% of 160?

(ii) 54 is 45% of what number?
(iii) 77 is what per cent of 140?
Solution:
(i) x = 35% of 160 Þ x = (0.35)(160) = 56
(ii) 54 = 45% of x Þ 54 = 0.45x Þ x = 54 ÷ 0.45= 120
x 7700
(iii) 77 = x% of 140 Þ 77 = (140) Þ 77 (100) = 140x Þ x = = 55 %
100 140

Question: 24 students in a class took an algebra test. If 18 students passed the test, what percent did
not pass?

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Solution: Set up the problem like this:
First, find out how many student did not pass.
Number of students who did not pass is 24 - 18 = 6
Then, write down the following equation:
x% of 24 = 6 or x% times 24 = 6
To get x%, just divide 6 by 24
6/24 = 0.25 = 25/100 = 25%
Therefore, 25% of students did not pass the algebra test.

Quantities as percentage
It is better to score 30 out of 40 or 40 out of 50
Example
Express “30 out of 40” and “40 out of 50” as percentage
changing these fractions to percentages
30 30 40 40
= 𝑋 100 = 𝑋 100
40 40 50 50
75% 80%
Example
Ahmed paid 11 out of Rs 20 which is --%?
11 22
= 𝑋 100
20 20
55%
Exercise

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Director, National Careers Academy
Percent Increase and Decrease
Subtract the old from the new, then divide by the old value. Show that as a Percentage.
new value - old value
= × 100%
Old Value
The per cent increase of a quantity is the actual increase ´ 100%
the original amount

The per cent decrease of a quantity is the actual decrease ´ 100%

the originalamount
Example: A pair of socks went from $5 to $6, what is the percentage change?
Solution: (Method 1)
Step 1: $5 to $6 is a $1 increase
Step 2: Divide by the old value: $1/$5 = 0.2
Step 3: Convert 0.2 to percentage: 0.2×100 = 20% rise.
Answer (Method 2)
Step 1: Divide new value by old value: $6/$5 = 1.2
Step 2: Convert to percentage: 1.2×100 = 120% (i.e. $6 is 120% of $5)
Step 3: Subtract 100%: 120% - 100% = 20%, and that means a 20% rise.
Example: There were 160 candies in the box yesterday, but now there are 116, what is the percentage
change?
Solution: 160 to 116 is a decrease of 44. Compared to yesterday's value: 44/160 = 0.275 = 27.5%
decrease.
Exercise

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Director, National Careers Academy
Price Discount
Price discount occurs when items are sold at a reduced cost. Find out now how you can compute the discount.
Terms to know:
List price: Regular price of an item.
Discount: A reduction made from the regular price.
Sale price: The reduced cost of an item.
Discount rate: Percent that the price is reduced.
To find a sale price, use the following formulas:
Sale price = List Price - Discount
Discount = (List Price) × (Discount Rate)
Example: Find the sale price for an item that has a list price of 100 dollars and a discount rate of 25%.
Solution: Discount = 100 × 25% = 100 × 0.25 = 25
Sale price = List Price - Discount Price = 100 - 25 = 75 dollars.
How to calculate sales tax
To calculate sales tax of an item, simply multiply the cost of the item by the tax rate.
Example: You buy a car for 20,000 dollars and pay 5% in tax. How much is tax?
Solution: Tax = 20,000 times 0.05 = 1,000 dollars.
The cost with tax is 20,000 + 1000 = 21,000.
Example: The list price of a scientific calculator is 100 dollars. If you get a price discount of 15% and
pay 5% for tax, what is the actual cost of your calculator?
Solution: First, find the price after the discount
Discount = 100 times 15% = 100 times 0.15 = 15
Sale price = 100 - 15 = 85 dollars
Tax paid = 85 times 5% = 85 times 0.05 = 4.25
Actual cost = 85 + 4.25 = 89.25 dollars.
Reverse Percentages
Sometimes a question can be asked to work backwards and find the original price of something
after the price has increased. Some people think that a percentage increase can be "reversed" by the
same percentage decrease. But no!
Example: 10% of 100
A 10% increase from 100 is an increase of 10, which equals 110 ...
... but a 10% reduction from 110 is a reduction of 11 (10% of 110 is 11)
So we ended up at 99 (not the 100 we started with)
What happened?
The 10% increase was applied to 100
But the 10% decrease was applied to 110
Example: A radio sells for £63, after a 40% increase in the cost price. Find the cost price.
Solution: Start with the original amount as 100%.
Cost price = 100%
We are told the selling price is a 40% in the cost price.
So the selling price is 100% + 40% = 140% of the cost price.
We know that the selling price is £63, so 140% = £63.
Now calculate 1%.
140% = £63
1% = £63/140
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 1% = £0.45
The cost price is 100%, so multiply £0.45 by 100.
Cost price = 0.45 × 100 = £45.
Example: A new car falls in value by 30% in a year. After a year, it is worth £8,400.
Find the price of the car when it was new.
Solution: Remember that the original price of the car is 100%.
Original price = 100%.
Second-hand price = 100% - 30% = 70%.
So £8,400 = 70% of the original price.
So 1% of original price = £8,400 ÷ 70
Original price = 100% = 100 x 1% = 100 x (£8,400 ÷ 70) = £12,000.
It is easy to go wrong in this type of question. Always check that your answer is realistic.
Exercise

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 Simple and Compound Interest
Formula I = Prt
Where I = interest r = interest rate
P = amount borrowed (called "Principal") t = time
Alex wants to borrow $1,000. The local bank says "10% Interest".
So to borrow the $1,000 for 1 year will cost: $1,000 × 10% = $100
In this case the "Interest" is $100, and the "Interest Rate" is 10% (but people often say "10% Interest"
without saying "Rate")

Example: Alex borrows $1,000 for 5 Years, at 10% simple interest:

• Interest = $1,000 × 10% x 5 Years = $500
• Plus the Principal of $1,000 means Alex needs to pay $1,500 after 5 Years
Example: Alex borrows $1,000 for 7 Years, at 6% simple interest:
• Interest = $1,000 × 6% x 7 Years = $420
• Plus the Principal of $1,000 means Alex needs to pay $1,420 after 7 Years
Example: £500 is put in a bank where there is 6% per annum interest. Work out the amount in the
bank after 1 year.
Simple interest formula = A= P (1+r t)
Where A is the Final investment value
P is the Principal or original amount
r is the interest rate% and
t is the time period There is a simple interest formula which allows as to calculator interest earned or charged
A = P (1+ rt)
A = 500 (1+6% ×1)
= 500 (1+0.06)
= 500 (1.06)
= 530
If in this example, the money was left in the bank for another year, the £530 would increase by
6%. The profit, therefore, will be higher than the previous year (6% of £530 is more than 6% of £500).
Every year, if the money is left sitting in the bank account, the amount of interest paid would increase
each year. This phenomenon is known as compound interest.
The simple way to work out compound interest is:
Compound Interest = (1 + interest rate %) no of years × original value
So if the £500 had been left in the bank for 9 years, the amount would have increased to:
500 × (1.06)9 = £845
There can be a question in final exam, in which examiner may ask cumulative increase or decrease in a quantity.

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Director, National Careers Academy
 — To increase a number by r%, multiply it by (1 + r%) no of years.
— To decrease a number by r%, multiply it by (1 – r%) no of years.
Example: At the end of 2016 there were 5000 members of a certain rare breed of animal remaining in
the world. It is predicted that their number will decrease by 12% each year. How many will be left at
the end of 2020?
At the end of 2017, there will be (100 - 12)/100 × 5000 = 4400
The compound interest formula above can also be used for percentage decreases. So after 4 years, the number of
animals left would be:
5000 x (1-0.12)4 = 2998
Example: From January 1, 1990 to January 1, 2000, the population of a town increased by 5% every
year. If the population was 5000 on January 1, 1990, what was the population of January 1, 2000?
Solution: Since the population on January 1, 1990 was 5000
After exactly 10 years, the population on January 1, 2000 was = (1 + 5%)10 ´ 5000
(1.05)10(5000) = (1.6289)(5000) = 8144
Example: The population of a town is 176,400. If it increases at the rate of 5% per annum, what will
be its population 2 years hence?
2
é 5 ù
Solution: Population after 2 years = 176400 ´ ê1 + ú
ë 100 û

= éê176400 ´ ´ ùú = 194481
21 21
ë 20 20 û
176400
Population 2 years ago = 2
é 5 ù
êë1 + 100 úû

= éê176400 ´ ´ ùú = 160000
20 20
ë 21 21 û
Advance Rules of Percentage
(a) If A is x% more than that of B, then B is less than that of A by
é x ù
ê100 + x ´ 100ú %
ë û
(b) If A is x% less than that of B, then B is more than that of A by
é x ù
ê100 - x ´ 100ú %
ë û
Example: If A’s income is 40% less than B’s income, then how much per cent is B’s income more
than A’s income?
Solution: Here, x = 40

Required answer = æç ö
x
\ ´ 100 ÷ %
è 100 - x ø
2
= æç ö
40
´ 100 ÷ % = 66 %
è 100 - 40 ø 3
Similarly

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Director, National Careers Academy
 (a) If two numbers are respectively x% and y% more than a third number, then the first number
æ 100 + x ö 100 + y
is ç ´ 100 ÷ % of the second and the second is æç ö
´ 100 ÷ % of the first.
è 100 + y ø è 100 + x ø
(b) If two numbers are respectively x% and y% less than a third number, then the first number
æ 100 - x ö 100 - y
is ç ´ 100 ÷ % of the second and the second is æç ö
´ 100 ÷ % of the first.
è 100 - y ø è 100 - x ø
Example: Two numbers are respectively 20% and 50% more than a third number. What per cent is
the first of the second?
Solution: Here, x = 20 and y = 50
æ 100 + x ö
\ First number = ç ÷ ´ 100% of the second
è 100 + y ø
100 + 20 ö
= æç ÷ ´ 100% of the second
è 100 + 50 ø
i.e. 80% of the second number.

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Find out the correct answer.
1
1. What percentage is equivalent to 5 ?
4
(a) 525% (b) 425% (c) 625% (d) None of these
2
2. 6 % expressed as a fraction in its lowest term is
3
2 1 3
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
15 15 20
3. What per cent of 12 is 84?
(a) 800% (b) 600% (c) 700% (d) None of these
4. If 200% of a number is 90, then what is the 80% of that number?
(a) 48 (b) 36 (c) 24 (d) None of these
5. 20% of 30% of 20% of Rs. 850 is
(a) Rs. 9.50 (b) Rs. 10.20 (c) Rs. 10.50 (d) None of these
6. If 12% of x is equal to 6% of y, then 18% of x will be equal to how much per cent of y?
(a) 7% (b) 9% (c) 11% (d) None of these
7. A number is increased by 20% and then decreased by 20%, the final value of the number
(a) Does not change (b) Decreases by 2%
(c) Increases by 4% (d) Decreases by 4%
8. The population of a town is decreased by 20% and 25% in two successive years. What per
cent population is decreased after two years?
(a) 50% (b) 40% (c) 60% (d) None of these
9. For a rectangle, the length and breadth are increased by 10% and 20%, respectively. The
percentage increase in area is
(a) 24% (b) 48% (c) 32% (d) None of these

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10. The income of a company increases 20% per annum. If its income is Rs. 2,664,000 in the
year 2015 what was its income in the year 2013?
(a) Rs. 17,50,000 (b) 16,50,000 (c) Rs. 18,50,000 (d) None of these

ANSWERS
Q.1: Ans. (a)
Solution:
1 21 21
5 = = ´ 100 = 525%
4 4 4
Q.2: Ans. (b)
Solution:
æ 20 ö
ç ÷
2 æ 20 1 ö 1
6 %= è ø =ç ´
3
÷=
3 100 è 3 100 ø 15
Q.3: Ans. (c)
Solution:
Let x% of 12 = 84
x 84 ´ 100
´ 12 = 84 Þ x = = 700
Þ 100 12
\ 700% of 12 is 84.
Q.4: Ans. (b)
Solution:
200
´ x = 90
Let 200% of x = 90 Þ 100
100 ´ 90
= 45
Þ x = 200
80
\ 80% of 45 = ´ 45 = 36
100
Q.5: Ans. (b)
Solution:
20 30 20 1020
20% of 30% of 20% of 850 = ´ ´ ´ 850 = = 10.20
100 100 100 100
Q.6: Ans. (b)
Solution:
We have, 12% of x = 6% of y
Þ 2% of x = 1% of y
Þ (2 × 9)% of x = (1 × 9)% of y
Þ 18% of x = 9% of y
Q.7: Ans. (d)
Solution:
Here, x = 20 and y = -20
\ The net % change in value
æ xy ö
=çx+ y+ ÷%
è 100 ø

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Director, National Careers Academy
 æ 20 ´ 20 ö
= ç 20 - 20 - ÷ % or -4%
è 100 ø
Since the sign is -ve, there is decrease in value by 4%
Q.8: Ans. (b)
Solution:
Here, x = -20 and y = - 25
\ The net % change in population
æ xy ö
=çx+ y+ ÷%
è 100 ø
æ 20 ´ 25 ö
= ç -20 - 25 + ÷ or - 40%
è 100 ø
Since the sign is -ve, the population is decreased by 40% after two years.
Q.9: Ans. (c)
Solution:
Since side1 × side2 = area
Net % change in area = æç x + y + ö xy
\ ÷%
100 è ø
æ 10 ´ 20 ö
= ç10 + 20 + ÷ % = 32%
è 100 ø
\ The area of the rectangle increases by 32%.
Q.10: Ans. (c)
Solution: Here, P = 2664000, r = 20 and n = 2
\ Company’s income in the year 2015
P 2664000
= n
= 2
æ r ö æ 20 ö
ç1 + ÷ ç1 + ÷
è 100 ø è 100 ø
= 2664000/ (1.2)2 = Rs. 18,50,000

EXERCISE A
1. A camera costs £180 in a 10% sale. What was the pre-sale price?
2. After fuel prices rose by 15%, a family’s annual electricity bill was £1654. What would the bill have been
without the price increase?
3. The cost of a product, including VAT at 20% is £540. What is the pre-VAT price?
4. The sale price of a television is £420 after a 15% reduction. What was the price before the sale?
5. After a 6.5% pay rise an engineer’s salary is £36,700. What was the salary before the increase?

ANSWERS

(1) £200 (2) £1,438.26 (3) £450 (4) £494.11 (5) £34,460.09

EXERCISE B

Problem 1. In an election, candidate A got 75% of the total valid votes. If 15% of the total votes were
declared invalid and the total numbers of votes is 560000, find the number of valid vote polled in favour of
candidate.

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Director, National Careers Academy
 Problem 2. A shopkeeper bought 600 oranges and 400 bananas. He found 15% of oranges and 8% of
bananas were rotten. Find the percentage of fruits in good condition.
Problem 3. Aaron had $ 2100 left after spending 30 % of the money he took for shopping. How much
money did he take along with him?
Problem 4: In a video store, a DVD that sells for $15 is marked "10% off." What is the discount?
What is the sale price of the DVD?
Problem 5: Vanessa earns a base salary of $400.00dollar sign, 400, point, 00 every week with an
additional 5% percent commission on everything she sells. Vanessa sold $1650 worth of items last week.
What was Vanessa's total pay last week?
Problem 6: The pie store is having a 20% percent off sale on all of its pies. If the pie you want
regularly costs $18 how much would you save with the discount?
Problem 7: The manager at Gabriela's Furniture Store is trying to figure out how much to charge for
a book shelf that just arrived. The bookshelf was bought at a wholesale price $147, and Gabriela's Furniture
Store marks up all furniture by 60%. At what price should the manager sell the book shelf?
Problem 8: Allam just finished a great meal at a restaurant in Wisconsin. The sales tax in Wisconsin
is 5%, and it is customary to leave a tip of 15% for the server. The tip amount is calculated on the price of the
meal before the tax is applied. (Sales tax is not calculated on tips.) If Allam ordered a $15 meal, how much
money will he have to pay with tax and tip?
Problem 9: A dining-table is marked for $7500 and is sold for $6000.
A) Find the discount given. B) Find the discount given as percent.
Problem 10: A shopkeeper marked a dinner set for $1000. He sold it at $900. What percent discount
did he give?
Problem 11: In a shop of ready-made garments, a dress is marked at $1350 and is available for $954.
Find the discount given by the shopkeeper and express it as percent.

Problem 12: The list price of an article is $450 and it is sold for $360.
A) Find the discount given. B) Find the discount given as percent.
Problem 13: A shop has a sale where 20% is taken off all prices. A top is now worth £24. What price was it
originally?
Problem 14: A radio sells for £63, after a 40% increase in the cost price. Find the cost price.
Problem 15 : A new car falls in value by 30% in a year. After a year, it is worth £8,400.
Find the price of the car when it was new.
Problems
16) Find the whole amount of a quantity given the following information
a) 5% of a quantity is 15
b) 20% of a quantity is 100
c) 1% of a quantity is 5
17) Find the original amount of a quantity given the following information:
a) a 20% decrease gives a final amount of 400
b) a 25% increase gives a final amount of 375
c) a 25% increase gives a final amount of 250
18) If the sale price of a washing machine is £250.75 after a discount of 15%, what was the original price?
19) Isabella buys a computer that was reduced in a sale by 10%. If the sale price of the computer is now
£148.50, what was the original price of the computer?
20) A shop sells a bicycle for £173.25, making a profit of 5%. At what wholesale price did the shop buy the
bicycle?
21) A shop sells a play station for £346.5, making a profit of 10%. At what wholesale price did the shop
buy the play station?

Problem 22: Jacob answered 80% of the questions in a test correctly. He answered 32 of the
questions correctly. Work out the total number of questions in the test.

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Director, National Careers Academy
 Problem 23: In a sale, normal prices are reduced by 15%. The sale price of a CD player is £102 Work
out the normal price of the CD player.
Problem 24: A garage sells cars. It offers a discount of 20% off the normal price for cash. Dave pays
£5200 cash for a car. Calculate the normal price of the car.
Problem 25: In a sale, normal prices are reduced by 25%. The sale price of a saw is £12.75 Calculate
the normal price of the saw
Problem 26: In a sale, normal prices are reduced by 12%. The sale price of a DVD player is £242.
Work out the normal price of the DVD player
Problem 27: The price of all rail season tickets to London increased by 4%.
• The price of a rail season ticket from Cambridge to London increased by £121.60 Work out the
price before this increase.
• After the increase, the price of a rail season ticket from Brighton to London was £2828.80 Work
out the price before this increase

EXERCISE C
Find the Percentage
1. 1% of 100 + 99% of 100=?
2. 10% of 50 + 80% of 5 =?
3. 12% of 100 x 11% of 100=?
4. 40% of 80 - 16% of 25=?
5. 40% of 45 - 45% of 40=?
6. 2% of 100 x 60% of 100=?
7. 25% of 44 + 15% of 80=?
8. A property dealer sold a house for Rs. 600,000 and charged 1% commission from both the parties. How much
did the seller get? How many rupees did the buyer pay? How much commission did the agent get?
9. A property dealer sold a property worth Rs.15, 00,000 and charged 3% commission from both the parties.
How much did the seller get? How many Rupees did the buyer pay? How much commission did the agent
get?
10. A commission agent sold a house for Rs.5, 00,000 and charged a commission at 2% from both the seller and
the buyer. What did the seller get? What did the buyer pay? What did the agent get?
11. A newspaper agent sold newspapers for Rs. 10800 in a month and got a total commission of Rs.1620. Find
the percentage of his commission.
12. A factory owner gives 15% commission on the written price to a shopkeeper. What will the shopkeeper pay
in cash for an article for which written price is Rs. 2000?
13. Ali is a salesman in a shop. His salary is Rs. 7000 per month plus a commission @ 3% on the price of sold
goods. He sold goods worth Rs. 50,000 in a month. Find his total income for the month.
14. Aslam sold cotton of Abbas worth Rs. 1000,000. He deducted 5% commission. What did Aslam get?
15. A manufacturer gives 10% commission on the written price to a shopkeeper. What does the shopkeeper pay
in cash for an article with written price as Rs.1500?
16. Mr. Rehman ordered a car worth Rs. 900,000 and was given a discount. Given that he paid Rs. 855,000 for
his new car. What percentage discount he received?
17. Seemab buys 5 kg of tea at Rs. 125.00 per kg. In addition, for every kilogram of tea purchased, she has to pay
a sales tax of 6% on the selling price. Calculate the total amount of money that she had to pay.
18. Murad bought his house for Rs. 300,000 and sold it for Rs. 600,000. What was the percentage of increase?
19. Nadeem spends 30% of monthly income on food articles, 40% of the remaining on conveyance and clothes
and saves 50% of the remaining. If his monthly salary is Rs. 18400, how much money does he save every
month?
20. Write these decimals as fractions:

0.3 = …………. 0.5 = …………. 0.6 = ………….

0.05 = …………. 0.25 = …………. 0.36 = ………….
21. Write these fractions as decimals:

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 7 1 2 = ……………….
10 = …………… 5 = ………………. 5

7 2 = ………………. 9 =……………….
8 = …………… 3 20
22. Write these percentages as decimals:
3% = …………. 30% = …………. 25% = ………….
8% = …………. 12% = …………. 67% = ………….
23. Write these percentages as fractions:
20% = …………. 75% = …………. 5% = ………….
40% = …………. 15% = …………. 24% = ………….
24. Write these decimals as percentages:
0.25 = …………. 0.5 = …………. 0.7 = ………….

0.45 = …………. 0.09 = …………. 0.4 = ………….

25. Write these fractions as percentages:

1 1 = …………. 9
10 = …………. 5 10 = ………….

4 = …………. 17 = …………. 1 = ………….

5 20 3

Algebra Word Problems

Example 1. Jane spent $42 for shoes. This was $14 less than twice what she spent for a
Trouser. How much was the Trouser?
Example 2. There are b boys in the class. This is three more than four times the number of
girls. How many girls are in the class?
Example 3. The sum of two numbers is 84, and one of them is 12 more than the other. What
are the two numbers?
Example 4. The sum of two consecutive numbers is 37. What are they?
Example 5. One number is 10 more than another. The sum of twice the smaller plus three
times the larger, is 55. What are the two numbers?
Example 6. Divide $80 among three people so that the second will have twice as much as
the first, and the third will have $5 less than the second.
Example 7. Odd numbers. The sum of two consecutive odd numbers is 52. What are the
two odd numbers?
Solution. First, an even number is a multiple of 2: 2, 4, 6, 8, and so on. It is
conventional in algebra to represent an even number as 2n, where, by calling the
variable 'n,' it is understood that n will take whole number values: n = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and
so on. An odd number is 1 more (or 1 less) than an even number. And so we represent
an odd number as 2n + 1.
Example 8: The rate to rent a small moving van is $30 per day, plus $0.50 per mile. Jada
rented a van to drive to her new home. It took 2 days, and the van cost $360. How many miles did
she drive?

Mian Shafiq CSP 0345-7773680, Author General Science and Ability

Director, National Careers Academy
 Example 9: A single ticket to the fair costs $8. A family pass costs $25 more than half of
that. How much does a family pass cost?
Example 10: Flor and Mo both donated money to the same charity. Flor gave three times as
much as Mo. Between the two of them, they donated $280. How much money did Mo give?
Example 11: Old McDonald raises goats and chickens. The animals have a total of 100
heads and 360 feet. How many goats and how many chickens does Mr. McDonald have?
Example 12: Farmer Montague raises chickens and goats. She is not sure how many she has
of each animal, but she does know that she has 22 animals altogether. She also knows that,
altogether, her animals have 56 feet.
Exercise
Problem 1: Julie has $50, which is eight dollars more than twice what John has. How much
has John?
Problem 2. Carlotta spent $35 at the market. This was seven dollars less than three times
what she spent at the bookstore; how much did she spend there?
Problem 3. There are b black marbles. This is four more than twice the number of red
marbles. How many red marbles are there?
Problem 4. Janet spent $100 on books. This was k dollars less than five times what she
spent on lunch. How much did she spend on lunch?
Problem 5. The sum of two numbers is 99, and one of them is 17 more than the other. What
are the two numbers?
Problem 6. A class of 50 students is divided into two groups; one group has eight less than
the other; how many are in each group?
Problem 7. The sum of two numbers is 72, and one of them is five times the other; what are
the two numbers?
Problem 8. The sum of three consecutive numbers is 87; what are they?
Problem 9. A group of 266 persons consists of men, women, and children. There are four
times as many men as children, and twice as many women as children. How many of each are there?
Problem 10. Divide $79 among three people so that the second will have three times more
than the first, and the third will have two dollars more than the second.
Problem 11. Divide $15.20 among three people so that the second will have one dollar
more than the first, and the third will have $2.70 more than the second.
Problem 12. Two consecutive odd numbers are such that three times the first is 5 more than
twice the second. What are those two odd numbers?

Mian Shafiq CSP 0345-7773680, Author General Science and Ability

Director, National Careers Academy