Controlling

 Performance is measured and corrective actions are taken to ensure the accomplishment of
organizational goals.
 Looking forward process, anticipates decisions and seek it to prevent them
 Measuring and evaluating whether strategies set are carried away
 Helping the group move toward the achievement of predetermined goals by following
established policies, procedures and standards.

Principles of control
 Attempting to control others, an individual may impose new requirement on them
 Doing so may lead to counter measures by the controls, either to avoid this control, to modify
the information or even to seek substitute for the desired action.

Functions of controlling
 Sets standard for evaluation
 Checks and makes reports on performance
 Take coercive actions and ensure objectives are set
 Measures performance fully
 Integrates results for modification

Controlling
 Don’t get feedback only when there is a problem
 Don’t take good mark for granted
 Tell worker when they have done the job well
 Feedback below uncertainty builds twist, strengthens relationships and improves work quality

Elements of controlling

1.) Evaluation
 Process of determining the value in the attainment of present goals
 Determining the difference between actual results and hoped for results
 t he measurement of organizations, individual performance and results
 Determining to what extent the organization/ individual’s objectives are actually
realized

Parts of evaluation

1.) Evaluation must appraise the behaviour of the individual since it is charge in the behaviour
that is sought
2.) Evaluation must involve more than a single appraisal at one time to determine whether to
change or not has taken place
 Types of evaluation
1.) Concurrent evaluation
 Activities in the unit are determined by the nurse manager
2.) Periodic /terminal evaluation
 Done at started intervals or at a completion of a designated activity (monthly,
yearly, semi annuall)

Planning for evaluation

1.) Evaluation schedule

 Done to assess the effectiveness of their own work and of others when work is
in progress
2.) Schedule client feedback
 Done to determine patients satisfaction with the care including the overall
management of the unit and offering of nurses

Management b y objectives

 Emphasizes the achievement of objectives instead of personality characteristics

 Focuses attention on individual’s achievements, motivates individuals to
accomplishments and measures in terms of results
 Is a manager method where the manager and staff nurse identify major areas in
which the nurse will work, set standards for performance and measures results
against standard.

Characteristics of a good control system

 Reflect the nature of the activity

 Must report errors promptly
 Should be forward looking
 Should point out exception and critical points
 Should be objective
 Should be flexible
 Should reflect organizational pattern
 Should be economical
 Should be understandable
 Should indicate corrective action

Controlling mechanisms

 Accreditation procedures
  Consultants
 Evaluation devices
 Rounds
 Reports
 Inspection
 Nursing audits

Methods of measurement

 Task analysis=nurse manager studies the process of giving nursing care

 Quality control=concerns measurements of quality and effects of care

Control standards

 System of education
 Yard sticks to increase the quantity and quality of service
 Performance standards
 Performance evaluation and quality assurance

Leading

In leading function guide and supervise subordinates to fulfil objectives established in planning
function

Leading is divided into 5 steps

1.) Supervision
2.) Motivation
3.) Communication
4.) Bringing above change
5.) Managing conflict

Mistakes manager make

1.) Insensitive to others

2.) Cold, aloof, arrogant
3.) Betrayal of trust
4.)