2.

0 Design of Substructure
2.1 Design of Pier
Section of Pier

A B C A' 1.475 A
0.50 TPL 832.20

1.00
2.50 2.50 2.00

4.50

2.65 2.70 BPL 830.20

8.00
HFL 830.70
2.81 12.04
(Dist. From equiv. square)
13.84 MSL 820.36
1.31

SBL 820.16

1.80 1.80

FBL 818.36
9.90 9.90
8.00

2.25 Bearing Stopper

4.50 1.5 2.50 2.95 Bearing

Pedestal
1.475 (1 X 1 )

0.775

Plan of pier cap

SBL = Stem Bottom Level

FBL = Footing Bottom Level
MSL = Maximum Scour Level
Material Properties Cap Stem

Page 1 of 9 Pier_CAP_STEM Bridge_Design Sarda _Rikhe bazar Final(P)

 Concrete grade (fck) 25 N/mm² 25
Steel grade (fe) 500 N/mm² 500
Allowable stress of steel in tension Sst = 240 N/mm² 240
Allowable stress of steel in direct compression Ssc = 205 N/mm² 205
Allowable compressive stress in concrete in flexure Scbc = 8.33 N/mm² 8.33
Allowable comp. stress in concrete in direct compression Scc = 6.25 N/mm² 6.25
Modular ratio (m) m= 10 10
Neutral axis factor k= 0.258 0.258
j= 0.914 0.914
The resisting moment coefficient R= 0.982 0.982
IRC:21-2000, 303.2.1, Table 9,10
Levels
High flood level 830.70 m
Maximum scour level for pier 820.36 m
Level of deck surface 835.50 m
Thickness of pier cap (overall thickness) 2.00 m
Top level of pier cap (TPL) 832.20
Top level of footing (SBL) 820.16 m
Thickness of footing/Cap 1.80 m
Bottem level of footing/cap (FBL) 818.36 m
Thickness of bearing + pedestal 0.5 m
Hence the total height of pier H= 13.84 m
Soil data & seismic data
Unit weight of backfill soil g 18 kN/m³
Unit weight of concrete w_conc 24 kN/m³
Horizontal seismic coefficient aH 0.150
Vertical seismic coefficient an 0.075
Degree
Angle between the wall and earth a 0
Angle of internal friction of soil f 34
Angle of friction between soil and wall d 23
Design of Pier Cap
Forces on the pier at point A B C
Distance from center -2.50 0.00 2.50
Total dead load from superstructure (kN) 1740.00 0.00 1740.00
Total critical live load excluding impact (kN) 836.00 0.00 403.00
Total critical live load including impact (kN) 836.00
Impact factor 0.5
Moment at the edge of the stem shaft
Due to dead load of the cap itself = 568.52 kNm
Due to dead load from superstructure = 4558.80 kNm
Due to live load excluding impact = 2190.32 kNm
Due to impact load = 1095.16 kNm
Hence total moment 8412.80 kNm
Dead load of the cap itself = 455.22 kN
Neutral axis factor Xc, [m*Scbc/(m*Scbc+Sst)] = 0.26
Lever arm Z, [1-Xc/3] = 0.91
Moment of resistance factor R, [Scbc*Z*Xc] = 0.99

Page 2 of 9 Pier_CAP_STEM Bridge_Design Sarda _Rikhe bazar Final(P)

 Minimum effective depth requireq deff_min [sqrt(M/R*b] = 1374.19 mm
Provided over all depth 2000 mm
Cover provided (Top and Cover) 40 mm
Diameter of bar 32 mm
So, effective actual depth deff 1944 mm Ok
Distance of the bearing center from the face of stem = 1150 mm
Cap To be designed as corbel

Design of cap as corble

Concrete cylinder strength fc' 20.75 Mpa
Steel grade for shear reinforcement (fe) 415 N/mm²
Corbel depth to reinforcement center d 1944 mm
Ultimate vertical force Vu 7761330 N
Ultimate horizontal force Nuc 1552266 N
(max. Nuc=0.2*Vu)
Ultimate moment: Mu=Vu*a+Nuc*(h-d) Mu 1.025E+10 N mm

Capacity check
Φ(0.2fc')*b*d 30858570 N
Φ*5.5*b*d 40896900 N
Minimum capacity 30858570 N > Vu Ok

Shear friction reinforcement

λ 1 normal weight concrete
0.85 sand light weight concrete
0.75 all light weight concrete
µ =coefficient of friction
1.4λ concrete cast monolithic
1λ concrete placed against roughened hardened concrete
0.6λ concrete placed against unroughened hardened concrete
0.7λ concrete anchored to structural steel
From the above tables
λ µ /λ
1 1.4
Coefficient of friction, µ 1.4
Avf =Vu/(0.85 *fy*µ)
Avf = 15716 mm2

Tension reinforcement
An=Nuc/Φ fy
An = 4400 mm2

Flexural reinforcement
Af=Mu/(Φ*fy*.85*d)
Af = 16615 mm2

Primary tension reinforcement

Page 3 of 9 Pier_CAP_STEM Bridge_Design Sarda _Rikhe bazar Final(P)

 As = greater of 1) (2/3)*Avf+An 14877 mm2
2) Af+An 21015 mm2
21015 mm2

Horizontal Shear bars

It should be provided within 2/3 of depth from top 1296 mm
Ah = 5239 mm2

Check for minimum As & Ah

ρmin= 0.04*(fc'/fy) ρ provided= As/(b*d)
ρmin = 0.0020 ρ provided= 0.0024
ρ min > ρ provide OK

As= 20995 mm2

Ah min = 0.5*(As-An) = 8298 mm2 8298 mm2
Provide dia of bars 32 @ 160 mm c/c,
Nos. of bars provided 28 nos. PC 1
Area provided (As) 22519 mm² Ok
Providing 6 legged shear bars of 16 mm dia and provide in 7 layers PC 7
The horizontal shear steel area Ah= 8444.60 mm² Ok
Spacing of bars (within 2/3 of depth of corbel) 180 mm c/c

Skin reinforcement @ 0.1% of gross sectional area of the beam 8748 mm²
On each side = 4374 mm²
Provide dia of bars 25 @ 220 mm c/c, PC 5
Provided nos. of bars on each side 9 nos.
Provided area on each side = 4418 mm²

Check for punching shear

Distance of bearing from face of stem 1.15 m
Effective depth of section at bearing, 1535 mm
Allowable punching pressure, tau_p = ks(0.16*sqrt(fck))
Where, ks = the minimum of 1 and 0.5+bc = 1
bc = B/L = 1
hence, tau_p = 0.80 N/mm²

Total punching stress developed = tau_punch = V/Lo*D

Where Lo = perimeter around the critical plane = 2*(2D+L+B) = 6550 mm
Hence, tau_punch = 0.49 N/mm²
Which is < 0.80 OK

Page 4 of 9 Pier_CAP_STEM Bridge_Design Sarda _Rikhe bazar Final(P)

 Summary of reinforcement of Pier Cap
Ø 25 @ 220 mm c/c PC 5 (both faces)
Ø 32 @ 160 mm c/c PC 1
Ø 32 @ 200 mm c/c PC 3
Ø 25 @ 150 mm c/c PC 2
Ø 12 - 10 legged @ 250 mm c/c PC 6

Ø 16 @ 200 mm c/c PC 4

Ø 16 - 7 legged @ 180 mm c/c PC 8

Ø 16 - 6 legged @ 180 mm c/c PC 7

Design of Pier Stem

Length of stem column (between the surfaces of the restrains) L = 12040 mm

Diameter of column D= 2700 mm
Effective length of column (IRC:21-2000, 306.2.1) Le = 14448 mm
[ effective length factor 1.2 ]
Total Load
Forces on the Pier at Total Load CG of
Impact (absolute)
Point from A B C (incl. Load wrt
factor (excl.
superstructure impact) center, m
impact)
Distance from center -2.5 0.0 2.5
Dead Load (kN) 1 1740.0 0.0 1740.0 3480.00 6960.00 0.000
Live load (kN) 1.110 836.0 0.0 403.0 1116.22 1239.00 -0.970
Analysis and Design of pier Stem
Dead Load
Dead Load From Superstructure 6960.00 kN
Dead Load due to pier cap 1441.80 kN
Dead Load of Pier Stem 1379.63 kN
Total Dead Load 9781.43 kN
Effect of buyoncy [IRC:6-2000, 216.4 (a)]
Area of stem at top = 5.726 m²
Depth of submerged part of Pier = 10.54 m
Volume of submerged part of pier = 60.35 m³
Net upward force due to buyoncy = -603.50 kN

Page 5 of 9 Pier_CAP_STEM Bridge_Design Sarda _Rikhe bazar Final(P)

 Live Load
Live Load Excluding Impact = 1239.00 kN
which will act at eccentricity ('CG of Load wrt center) -0.970 m
Critical moment due to live load eccentricity -1201.83 kN-m

Breaking Force:( As Per IRC:6-2000, 214.2)

Braking force = 20% of the weight of the design vehicle (Class 70R)
Height of deck surface from the pier cap= 3.30 m
And this force acts along the bridge at 1.2m above the road level 16.54 m from base
Total weight of the IRC Class 70R vehicle = 1000 kN
Therefore braking force = 200 kN

Frictional force due to resistance of bearings (temperature effect)

Type of Bearings: PoT
CG of 70R load from the support having max. reaction 5.12 m
The bridge is subjected to breaking load at high above bearing level) 4.50 m
Breaking Load ( Fh) 200 kN
Reaction at support having max. reaction (A) 854.0 kN
Reaction at other support (B) 146 kN
Addition force due to support due to braking load + 25.71 kN
Total reaction at support A 828.29 kN
Total reaction at support B 171.71 kN
Dead load reaction at the end suppor B, (free end) 3480.0 kN
µ for pot and ptfe bearings, steel bearings (0.03 or 0.05 whicheve governs) 0.03
Horizontal force due to friction (Ff), µ(Rq) 5.15 kN
At fixed bearing
Horizontal force, greater of the following: (Non Seis,mic) (Seismic)
Fh-Ff 194.85 kN 1238.85
or 1/2Fh+Ff 105.15 kN 627.15
So, Horizontal force at the fixed bearing in abutment 194.85 kN 1238.85
(i) No Seismic Case:
Force on fixed bearings 194.85 kN
Force on free bearings 104.4 kN

(ii) Seismic Case:

Seismic force in longitudinal direction due to Dead Load 1044 kN
Braking force 200 kN
Total longitudinal force, Fh 1244 kN
Force on fixed bearings 1238.85 kN
Force on free bearings 104.4 kN

Page 6 of 9 Pier_CAP_STEM Bridge_Design Sarda _Rikhe bazar Final(P)

 Force due to water current
Exposed height to water current 10.34 m
Perimeter of exposed area 43.85 m2
Maximum mean velocity 3.93 m/sec
Maximum velocity, Sqrt(2)*V, (IRC:6-2000,213.3), V = 5.56 m/sec
Shape factor for circular end (IRC:6-2000, 213.2), K = 0.66
Pressure intensity =0.52KV² (IRC:6-2000, 213.2) = 10.61 kN/m2
Hence force due to water current = 232.62 kN
Moment due to water current 1882.67 kN-m

Seismic Forces
Horizontal seismic forces:
Forces (kN) Lever Arm (m) Moment (kN-m)
Superstructure: 0.00 12.04 0.00
Pier cap 216.27 11.04 2387.62
Pier stem 206.94 5.02 1038.84
Total 423.21 3426.46
Vertical seismic forces:
Superstructure: 522.00
Pier cap 108.14
Pier stem 103.47
Total 733.61

Loads and Moment Calculation

Load
Horizontal Moment Moment
Coefficien Horizontal load
Vertical load across along across
Particular t along traffic(Y-
load, P traffic (X- traffic (Y- traffic (X-
(IRC:078- Y)
X) Y) X)
2000)
Combination I Dry case, Non-seismic,Full LL
Total Dead load 1 9781.43
Live load 1 1239.00 1827.53 1201.83
Total Horizontal force 1 194.85 2443.42
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Total 11020.43 194.85 0.00 4270.95 1201.83
Combination II Dry case, Seismic
Non seismic forces
Total Dead load 1 9781.43
Live load 1 1239.00 1827.53 1201.83
Tractive/Braking force 1 1238.85 15535.18
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Seismic forces 1 733.61 423.21 3426.46
Total 11754.04 1662.06 0.00 20789.17 1201.83
Combination III Flooded case, Non-seismic
Total Dead load 1 9781.43
Live load 1 1239.00 1827.53 1201.83
Tractive/Braking force 1 194.85 2443.42
Frictional force 1 0.00 0.00

Page 7 of 9 Pier_CAP_STEM Bridge_Design Sarda _Rikhe bazar Final(P)

 Buyoncy 1 -603.50
Water Current 1 232.62 1882.67
Total 10416.93 194.85 232.62 4270.95 3084.50
Combination IV Flooded case, Seismic
Total Dead load 1 9781.43
Live load 1 1239.00 1827.53 1201.83
Tractive/Braking force 1 1238.85 15535.18
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Buyoncy 1 -603.50
Water Current 1 232.62 1882.67
Seismic forces 1 733.61 423.21 3426.46
Total 11150.54 1662.06 232.62 20789.17 3084.50
Combination V Dry case, Non-seismic, Full LL ( One span collapse condition)
Total Dead load 1 6301.43 5133
Live load 1 1239.00 1827.53 1201.83
Total Horizontal force 1 194.85 2443.42
Frictional force 0 0.00 0.00
Total 7540.43 194.85 0.00 9403.95 1201.83
Maximum Loads 11754.04 1662.06 232.62 20789.17 3084.50
Non- Seismic Seismic
Resultant Critical forces: Vertical Load, P = 11020.43 kN 11754.04
Horizontal Load, H = 303.44 kN 1678.26
Moment, M = 5268.32 kN.m 21016.75

Sectional area of stem , (Ag) 5725552.61 mm²

Provide main reinforcement (% of sectional area) 0.95 %
Total area of reinforcement 54392.75 mm²
Provide dia of main bars 32 mm PS 1
Provided number of bars 68 nos.
Spacing between the bars = 115 mm
Cover provided 75 mm
Grade of concrete in pier stem 25 N/mm²
Diameter of transverse reinforcement 12 mm
Diameter up to the line of reinforcement, Dc 2494 mm
So Area of Steel Provided, As 54688.84 mm²
So Area of Concrete, Ac 5670863.8 mm²
Check for Section capacity of Stem
Equivalent area of Section, Ae = Ac+(1.5m-1)*As= 6436507.6 mm²
Equivalent moment of inertia of section Ie = (PI*D^4/64) + (m-1)*As*Dc² / 8
4
2.991E+12 mm
3
Ze = 2*Ie/D = 2.216E+09 mm
Non-Seismic Seismic One Span collapse
Scc = P/Ae = 1.71 N/mm² 1.83 1.17
Scb = M/Ze = 2.38 N/mm² 9.48 4.24

Page 8 of 9 Pier_CAP_STEM Bridge_Design Sarda _Rikhe bazar Final(P)

 (Non-Seismic) (Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) = 0.56 <1 Satisfied
(Seismic) (Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) = 0.95 <1 Satisfied
One Span collapse (Scc/Sacc + Scb/Sacb) = 0.70 <1 Satisfied
Check the section for shear Non-Seismic Seismic
Resultant critical horizontal force: 303440 N 1678260
Shear stress developed, tau = 0.053 N/mm² 0.293
Percentage of long. steel (as provided)= 0.955 % 0.955
Allowable shear stress, tc = 0.390 N/mm² 0.585
Satisfied Satisfied

Hence, No shear reinforcement required, just provide nominal bars.

Provide 12mm circular rings @100 mm c/c upto 1.5 m from bottom and top of pier PS 2
Provide 12mm circular rings @200 mm c/c on remaining part. PS 3
Diameter of ring (mm) 2538

Summary of reinforcement of Pier Stem

Ø 32 @ 115 mm c/c PS 1
Ø 12 @ 200 mm c/c PS 3
(on remaining part)
Ø 16 @ 500 mm c/c PS 4

Ø 12 @ 100 mm c/c PS 2
(upto 1.5 m from bottom and top of pier)

Page 9 of 9 Pier_CAP_STEM Bridge_Design Sarda _Rikhe bazar Final(P)