ASHRAE Guideline 5-1994 (RA 2001)

ASHRAE
GUIDELINE
Commissioning
Smoke Management
Systems

Approved by the ASHRAE Standards Committee January

22, 1994, and reaffirmed January 27, 2001; and approved
by the ASHRAE Board of Directors January 27, 1994, and
reaffirmed February 2, 2001.

ASHRAE Guidelines are updated on a five-year cycle; the

date following the Guideline is the year of approval. The
latest edition of an ASHRAE Guideline may be purchased
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©Copyright 2001 American Society of Heating,

Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
ISSN 1049-894X

AMERICAN SOCIETY OF HEATING,

REFRIGERATING AND
AIR-CONDITIONING ENGINEERS, INC.
1791 Tullie Circle, NE • Atlanta, GA 30329
 ASHRAE GUIDELINE PROJECT COMMITTEE 5
Cognizant TC: TC 5.6 Control of Fire and Smoke

William A. Webb, Chair Francis J. McCabe

Gaylon Richardson, Vice Chair Gregory R. Miller
Louis J. Bentsen Johnathan M. Rubes
Don C. Bailey John F. Scarff
John A. Clark William A. Schmidt
Gregory F. Deluga J. Brooks Semple
Michael E. Dillon George T. Tamura
John H. Klote

ASHRAE STANDARDS COMMITTEE 2000-2001

Martha J. Hewett, Chair Rodney H. Lewis
Nance C Lovvorn, Vice Chair Ross D. Montgomery
Dean S. Borges Davor Novosel
Van D. Baxter Joseph A. Pietsch
Waller S. Clements James A. Ranfone
Piotr A. Domanski Steven T. Taylor
Richard A. Evans James K. Vallort
John F. Hogan Thomas E. Watson
Ronald E. Jarnagin Bruce A. Wilcox
David E. Knebel J. Richard Wright
Frederick H. Kohloss Gerald C. Groff, BOD Ex-Officio
William J. Landman William J. Buck, Coordinating Officer
Neil P. Leslie
Claire B. Ramspeck, Manager of Standards

SPECIAL NOTE
This Guideline was developed under the auspices of the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning
Engineers (ASHRAE). ASHRAE Guidelines are developed under a review process, identifying a guideline for the design, testing, appli-
cation, or evaluation of a specific product, concept, or practice. As a guideline it is not definitive but encompasses areas where there
may be a variety of approaches, none of which must be precisely correct. ASHRAE Guidelines are written to assist professionals in the
area of concern and expertise of ASHRAE’s Technical Committees and Task Groups.
ASHRAE Guidelines are prepared by project committees appointed specifically for the purpose of writing Guidelines. The
project committee chair and vice-chair must be members of the ASHRAE; while other members of the project committee may or may
not be ASHRAE members, all must be technically qualified in the subject area of the Guideline.
Development of ASHRAE Guidelines follows procedures similar to those for ASHRAE Standards except that (a) committee
balance is desired but not required, (b) an effort is made to achieve consensus but consensus is not required, (c) guidelines are not
appealable, and (d) guidelines are not submitted to ANSI for approval.
The Manager of Standards of ASHRAE should be contacted for
a. interpretation of the contents of this Guideline,
b. participation in the next review of the Guideline,
c. offering constructive criticism for improving the Guideline,
d. permission to reprint portions of the Guideline.

DISCLAIMER
ASHRAE uses its best efforts to promulgate Standards and Guidelines for the benefit of the public in light of available
information and accepted industry practices. However, ASHRAE does not guarantee, certify, or assure the safety or
performance of any products, components, or systems tested, installed, or operated in accordance with ASHRAE’s Standards
or Guidelines or that any tests conducted under its Standards or Guidelines will be nonhazardous or free from risk.

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 CONTENTS

ASHRAE Guideline 5-1994 (RA 2001)

Commissioning Smoke Management Systems
SECTION PAGE
1 Purpose .......................................................................................................................................................... 2
2 Scope ............................................................................................................................................................. 2
3 Recommissioning ........................................................................................................................................... 2
4 Definitions....................................................................................................................................................... 2
5 Pre-Design Phase .......................................................................................................................................... 3
6 Design Phase ................................................................................................................................................. 3
7 Construction Phase ........................................................................................................................................ 5
8 Acceptance Procedures ................................................................................................................................. 6
9 Post-Acceptance Phase ................................................................................................................................. 7
10 References ..................................................................................................................................................... 8
Appendix A: System Information Required ........................................................................................................ 8
Appendix B: Smoke Management System (SMS) Commissioning Process Phases ......................................... 9
Appendix C: Sample Report Forms .................................................................................................................. 10
1. PURPOSE
The purpose of this guideline is to provide methods for veri-
fying and documenting that the performance of smoke
management systems conforms with design intent.
2. SCOPE
2.1 This guideline covers all types of smoke management
systems and the
(a) documentation of occupancy and use requirements
and system design assumptions;
(b) documentation of design intent, system description,
and operation;
(c) functional performance testing and documentation
necessary for evaluating system acceptance; and
(d) integration testing with other building systems that
affect the performance of the smoke management sys-
tem, such as fire detection and alarm, HVAC, controls,
power supplies, and separations.
2.2 Methods of commissioning HVAC and other building
systems are not covered in this guideline except as provided in
2.1(d). Methods for commissioning of HVAC systems are
given in ASHRAE Guideline 1-1989.1
3. RECOMMISSIONING
Space use and occupancy will change, and, as smoke manage-
ment systems age, their performance may deteriorate. There-
fore, throughout the useful life of the building, there will be a
need to recommission these systems periodically.
4. DEFINITIONS
4.1 Definition of terms used in this guideline may be found
in ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air-Condi-
tioning, and Refrigeration.2
4.2 Additional terms used in this guideline not found in the
ASHRAE Terminology are defined in this section.
acceptable performance: a component or system able to meet
specified design parameters under actual load.
authority having jurisdiction: the organization, office, or
individual responsible for “approving” equipment, an instal-
lation, or a procedure.
commissioning authority: the qualified person, company, or
agency that will plan and carry out the overall commissioning
process. There are many options as to which party to the
commissioning process will be the “authority.” The design
professional, contractor, independent commissioning agency,
or owner may be the commissioning authority.
commissioning plan: the overall document that outlines the
organization, scheduling, allocation of resources, documen-
tation, etc., pertaining to the overall commissioning process.
design professional: the architect, architect-engineer, or engi-
neer responsible for the design and preparation of contract
documents for the smoke management systems.
2 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)
event matrix: a matrix of zone inputs and outputs that
describes the totality of control events or sequences required
for each piece of equipment or control device in response to
inputs from each zone in a smoke management system.
functional performance testing: that full range of checks and
tests carried out to determine if all components, subsystems,
systems, and interfaces between systems function in accor-
dance with the contract documents. In this context, “function”
includes all modes and sequences of control operation, all
interlocks and conditional control responses, and all specified
responses to emergency conditions.
fire fighter's smoke control station: fire fighter's smoke
control station (FSCS) includes monitoring and overriding
capability over smoke control systems and equipment
provided at designated location(s) within the building for the
use of the fire department.
pressurized stair shafts: a type of smoke control system in
which stair shafts are mechanically pressurized with outdoor
air to keep smoke from contaminating them during a fire inci-
dent.
project program: the written description of the commission
plan.
smoke: the airborne solid and liquid particulates and gases
evolved when a material undergoes pyrolysis or combustion,
together with the quantity of air that is entrained or otherwise
mixed into the mass.
smoke barrier: construction, either vertical or horizontal,
such as a wall, floor, or ceiling assembly, that is designed and
constructed to restrict the movement of smoke. A smoke
barrier may or may not have a fire resistance rating. Smoke
barriers may have openings protected by closing devices or
adequate airflows.
smoke control mode: a predefined operational configuration
of a system or device for the purpose of smoke control.
smoke control system: an engineered system that uses
mechanical fans to produce airflows and pressure differences
across barriers to limit smoke movement.
smoke control zone: a space within a building enclosed by
smoke barriers, including the top and bottom, that is a part of
a zoned smoke control system.
smoke damper: an approved opening protection device
designed to resist the passage of air or smoke that meets the
requirements of UL Standard 555S-1983, Leakage Rated
Dampers for Use in Smoke Control Systems,3 designed to
resist the passage of air or smoke. A combination fire and
smoke damper should also meet the requirements of UL Stan-
dard 555-1990, Fire Dampers.4
smoke exhaust system: a mechanical or gravity system
intended to move smoke from the smoke zone to the exterior
of the building, including smoke removal, purging, and vent-
ing systems, as well as the function of exhaust fans used to
reduce the pressure in a smoke zone.
smoke management system: an engineered system that
includes all methods that can be used singly or in combination
to modify smoke movement.
smoke zone: the smoke control zone in which the fire is
located.
stack effect: the vertical airflow within buildings caused by
temperature differences between the building interior and
exterior.
tenable environment: an environment in which the charac-
teristics, quantity, and location of smoke are limited or other-
wise restricted to allow for ready evacuation through the
space. Maintenance of a tenable environment in the smoke
zone is not within the capability of zoned smoke control.
zoned smoke control: a smoke control system that includes
smoke exhaust for the smoke zone and pressurization for all
contiguous smoke control zones. The remaining smoke
control zones in the building also may be pressurized.
5. PRE-DESIGN PHASE
The smoke management system commissioning process
begins with the pre-design phase.
5.1 Objectives. The objectives are:
(a) To set parameters, responsibilities, and documentation
for all phases of commissioning smoke management
systems; ensure that project team members are made
aware of these requirements; and set a framework for
commissioning during all phases. Each local code
requires specific types of systems and testing. All
local code requirements should be reviewed at this
stage to assure compliance.
(b) To document basic data from which to develop the
design and benchmark information with which to
evaluate final performance, including occupancy
requirements, design assumptions, building construc-
tion, building zoning, and building utilization.
5.2 Planning Procedure. This section describes activities
and provides instructions about what should be written in the
commissioning brief forming a section of the project pro-
gram.
5.2.1 Review of the Project Program. The commission-
ing authority should only require the designer to provide a
project program, not evaluate or judge the existing one.
5.2.1.1 The project program should be fully docu-
mented by the system designer. This documentation should be
a complete systems description of design values, event
matrix, and commissioning sequence. While it may not assign
specific contractual duties to the variety of subparties, it
should be comprehensive in its description of requirements.
See Appendix A.
ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)
5.2.1.2 Review the project program to determine that
life safety and property protection issues have been
addressed.
5.2.1.3 Review the documentation described in 5.2.2.
5.2.2 Documentation
5.2.2.1 Document the objectives and the relationship of
the smoke management system to the overall fire protection
and life safety strategies.
5.2.2.2 Document the smoke management system and
its subsystems.
5.2.2.3 Document smoke management requirements for
each occupancy, area, zone, hazard, or similar circumstance.
5.2.2.4 Identify all applicable code requirements and
jurisdictions having authority.
5.2.2.5 Identify pertinent standards and practices as they
relate to smoke control.
5.2.2.6 Identify tests required by code.
5.2.2.7 Document roles and responsibilities of all par-
ties during all phases of the smoke management system
commissioning process.
5.2.2.8 Prepare a written report defining design assump-
tions and performance standards of the proposed smoke man-
agement system, the most appropriate conceptual approach,
and requirements of the system.
6. DESIGN PHASE
6.1 Introduction. The objective of this section is to outline
the scope of design requirements for a smoke management
system constructed with a comprehensive commissioning
process to comply with the requirements of the project pro-
gram.
6.2 Scope of the Design Phase. The design documents
should include detailed requirements for smoke management
system commissioning and the integration with other building
systems that affect the performance of the smoke manage-
ment system as follows:
(a) design criteria and assumptions;
(b) description of the smoke management system and
intended operation and performance including control
matrix and control schematics with each piece of
equipment identified;
(c) commissioning plan that includes
1. commissioning team description,
2. specific test procedures and acceptance criteria
properly linked to specific testing methods that
appropriately relate to the system's design intent,
3. time frame in the project when the tests will be
scheduled, and
4. how a certificate of occupancy will be obtained
and who will sign off on the certificate of occu-
pancy;
(d) documentation requirements based on
1. how the testing can be accomplished and
2. requirements of the local codes;
(e) verification protocol for each test procedure of
1. duct and damper installation conformance to stan-
3
 dards, etc., and should be designed to have a complete functional
2. duct pressure, system prior to issuance of the certificate of occupancy.
3. wall construction, Since the proper operation of the smoke management
4. HVAC testing, adjusting, and balancing, system is dependent upon the proper functioning of all related
5. control processes, and subsystems and equipment (e.g., fans, dampers, fire detection
6. functional performance testing; system, building controls, emergency power), the commis-
(f) commissioning documentation consisting of a detailed sioning plan must include a provision that these subsystems
list establishing documentation required during each and equipment must be tested, any deficiencies must be
phase of verification procedures; and corrected, and certification of completeness must be provided.
(g) operational and performance procedures approved by The commissioning plan should detail the proper certification
the commissioning team and required or suggested by documentation required.
the codes. 6.5.2 The parties involved will include the owners, design
6.3 Design Criteria. Design criteria and assumptions professionals, contractors, vendors, project managers, com-
should include design conditions for each zone as follows: missioning authority, manufacturers, the test and balance
(a) indoor dry-bulb temperature, (TAB) agency, authorities having jurisdiction, and other par-
(b) outdoor dry-bulb temperature, ties as required.
(c) wind speed and direction, 6.5.3 The needed staffing skills and qualifications should
(d) occupancy group and use, be specified for the following:
(e) building zones, (a) commissioning team, i.e., representatives of the archi-
(f) power source, tect, engineer, building control system (BCS) com-
(g) design fire sizes and locations, pany, fire alarm system company (if different from
(h) automatic fire extinguisher system effects, BCS), TAB agency, general contractor, mechanical
(i) smoke/fire detection system, contractor, and electrical contractor, and
(j) event matrix for zones, (b) operation and maintenance teams.
(k) automatic and manual controls,
6.6 Documentation Requirements
(l) building pressurization, infiltration, and stack effect,
(m) zone pressure differences, 6.6.1 The requirements for each party involved in the pro-
(n) interfaces between zones, cess of smoke management system commissioning should
(o) code requirements and impact on criteria, detail the documentation that each must prepare to satisfy the
(p) maintainability, and commissioning plan requirements of the specification. This
(q) ability to maintain control setpoints. documentation should be prepared and submitted by the com-
missioning authority after construction contracts are issued
6.4 Description of Smoke Management System and details of the equipment and devices to be installed are
6.4.1 The description of the smoke management system available.
and its intended operation and performance should include The construction specifications should address the
design intent, assumptions, and facility occupation and utili- documentation applicable to each party involved in the
zation. process of smoke management commissioning. All contrac-
6.4.2 The description of the smoke management system tors and suppliers of subsystems, equipment, and services
should include basic system type, major components, interre- must be aware of their required involvement and of the docu-
lations of components, capacity and sizing criteria, automatic ments they will be required to provide as certified proof of
control, and sequence of operation with control matrix. Flow having met their contractual responsibilities.
diagrams should be included for each mode of operation indi- 6.6.2 The documentation should include
cating damper positions, highlighted air ducts, fan status, and (a) the amount of time and sequences required with the
nomenclature. commissioning procedures by each party,
6.4.3 The description of the smoke management system (b) detailed checklists for performance testing including
should address all the operational and performance data the sequence of tests of all zones and all systems,
including the equipment selection and redundancy criteria, (c) requirements for certification of test equipment
intended operation under all seasonal loads, modes of opera- calibration,
tion, design setpoints of control systems with permissible (d) report forms that will be used to submit test data and
adjustments, and any other engineered operational mode of results, and
the system as it affects the smoke management system. (e) overall commissioning sequence and a schedule for
completion of individual procedures.
6.5 Commissioning Plan
6.5.1 The commissioning plan for the smoke management 6.7 Verification Procedures
system should detail the implementation of the commission- 6.7.1 The procedures for performance test and verifica-
ing process. It should include the requirements that each party tion include, but are not limited to,
involved in the commissioning process will have to accom- (a) capacities and performances of each system as mea-
plish, including sequence, scheduling, documentation sured by the TAB agency during the TAB process,
requirements, verification procedures, staffing requirements, (b) verification of all equipment performance,

4 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)

(c) verification of the performance of subsystems consist-
ing of combinations of equipment,
(d) verification of proper automatic and manual smoke
management system activation, including required
override capabilities, and operational priorities,
(e) verification of the performance of the smoke manage-
ment system as a whole,
(f) verification of all necessary fixed architectural fea-
tures, and
(g) verification of proper functioning of the fire alarm and
detection system and other subsystems that interface
with the smoke management system.
6.7.2 Examples of items involved in these procedures
include, but are not limited to,
(a) fire fighter's smoke control station (FSCS);
(b) building control system (BCS) including automatic
and manual control provisions;
(c) required BCS overrides and priorities;
(d) fire alarm and detection system;
(e) automatic smoke management system activation in
response to a fire alarm;
(f) overall smoke management system response times;
(g) building construction integrity including adequacy of
fire stopping, integrity of smoke barriers, and required
gasketing or sealing of doors and other architectural
elements;
(h) duct construction and related HVAC component
integrity;
(i) static pressure differences across smoke control
boundaries; and
(j) dampers, door release hardware, and automatic door
openers.
Note: All the above should be done with the system operating
totally automatically.
6.8 Commissioning Documentation
Documentation for commissioning of smoke manage-
ment systems should be prepared and submitted by the
commissioning authority at the completion of the commis-
sioning process. This documentation should include readi-
ness, start-up, and performance checklists of the
commissioning plan with actual results achieved and
(a) testing, adjusting, and balancing report including the
test procedures used;
(b) performance of all equipment relating to the smoke
management system;
(c) control schematics, performance reports, and smoke
management systems and subsystems observed as
indicated in the test matrix; and
(d) operating data to include all necessary instructions to
the owner's maintenance and operating staff in order
to operate the system to specified standards;
(Note: The TAB report for the smoke management system
should include the original system test procedures for use in
subsequent periodic inspections.)
(e) maintenance data that include all necessary informa-
tion required to maintain all equipment in continuous
operation;
(f) as-built drawings for the smoke management systems
that include all systems, equipment, and controls; and
ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)
(g) the schedules for the participation of the operations
and maintenance personnel during the construction
phase and the subsequent phases of the commission-
ing process.
7. CONSTRUCTION PHASE
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 This section describes the commissioning process of
the smoke management system during the construction phase
of the project.
In this phase, the smoke management system is installed,
tested, and put into operation. When construction is
completed, the smoke management system is ready for func-
tional performance testing.
7.1.2 The commissioning of smoke management systems
is an ongoing process, which continues through the installa-
tion of the smoke management system. In this phase, the com-
missioning authority shall witness all pressure tests of duct
systems and pressure difference testing of smoke barriers and
shall also observe all start-up, testing, adjusting and balanc-
ing, and calibration activities, duct pressure testing, and alarm
location.
7.1.3 An important part of the commissioning process is
the training of the operations and maintenance personnel.
These people should be available at the site during construc-
tion to observe the installation of the smoke management sys-
tem and to learn about its operation. The commissioning
authority shall direct this training.
7.1.4 An important part of the commissioning process is
the training of the fire department. Fire officers should be avail-
able at the site during construction to observe the installation
of the smoke management system and to learn about its oper-
ation. The commissioning authority shall direct this training.
7.2 Submittals
7.2.1 Submittals should be reviewed by the commission-
ing authority prior to construction. In addition to shop draw-
ings, equipment submittals, testing and balancing procedures,
and forms, submittals should also include the commissioning
plan and commissioning documentation format.
7.2.1.1 Equipment submittals should include complete
performance data for each piece of equipment, e.g., capacity,
flow rates, velocity, pressure losses, horsepower, rpm, and
electrical data. After review of equipment submittals, the
equipment operations and maintenance information (includ-
ing parts lists, installation instructions, and special tool needs)
should be submitted in accordance with specification require-
ments.
7.2.1.2 Control submittals should be reviewed to ensure
that they include all information needed by the operations and
maintenance staff to keep the control system that is related to
the smoke management system adjusted and calibrated. Infor-
mation should include
(a) a completely labeled control piping or wiring sche-
matic, showing point-to-point piping and wiring and
including all performance parameters, such as set-
points, throttling ranges, actions, spans, proportional
bands, and other control component adjustment or set-
ting data, and locations of pneumatic test ports and
electronic drawings;
5
(b) completely labeled elementary electrical and pneu-
matic ladder diagrams;
(c) sequence of operation (narrative description of control
system functions) cross-referenced to the control
schematics and elementary electrical and pneumatic
ladder diagrams; and
(d) specification sheets for each control component.
7.2.1.3 The commissioning plan should be prepared fol-
lowing the format described in the contract specifications. It
should detail how the commissioning process will be orga-
nized, scheduled, and documented and should include
(a) each individual company's testing team,
(b) a complete list of activities required of the smoke
management system and subsystems in the
commissioning process,
(c) a logical sequence plan for each of the activities
involved, and
(d) all forms for all components and systems submitted
on a per zone basis.
7.2.2 Submit the procedures for testing, adjusting, and
balancing, identifying all systems, detailed with specific test-
ing procedures of each item mentioned in the matrix.
7.3 Construction Phase Activities
7.3.1 Testing, adjusting, and balancing work must be per-
formed on all the HVAC equipment and smoke management
systems prior to commissioning. Operational tests should also
be conducted on equipment, duct, and control systems to ver-
ify that pressures and flow rates meet design requirements of
the smoke management system.
7.3.2 Controls testing and calibration should begin con-
current with, and be completed subsequent to, the testing,
adjusting, and balancing work of the smoke management sys-
tem.
7.3.3 The commissioning authority should observe and
verify all start-up, testing, balancing, and calibration activities
as part of the ongoing commissioning process.
7.4 Documentation
7.4.1 Individual components of the smoke management
system should be tested for proper operation in response to
automatic and manual activation. They include dampers and
their actuators as well as other required components such as
local controllers and safety devices. All components should
be checked and adjusted as may be required for proper oper-
ation and the overall response time required.
7.4.2 All control devices should be adjusted and cali-
brated. All control settings should be verified by comparing
actual input and output values to calculated values.
7.4.3 Testing, adjusting, and balancing work should be
substantially complete with reports submitted prior to the ver-
ification and acceptance phase.
7.4.4 Training, warranty, special tools, and spare parts
should be taken into account under the construction phase.
7.4.5 Contractor and equipment warranties shall be veri-
fied.
7.4.6 Special tools and spare parts lists shall be verified.
7.4.7 Responsibility of others should be identified.
6 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)
8. ACCEPTANCE PROCEDURES
8.1 Introduction. This section describes acceptance proce-
dures for the smoke management system commissioning pro-
cess.
8.2 Prerequisites to Functional Performance Test
8.2.1 Prior to functional performance testing of each sys-
tem, the commissioning authority should observe and verify
that the physical installation of components and systems
being tested is substantially in accordance with the contract
documents.
8.2.2 Prerequisites should include hydrostatic testing,
flushing, cleaning, and start-up or activation of equipment
and systems; completion of testing, adjusting, and balancing;
and calibration and test of automatic controls.
8.3 General
8.3.1 The functional performance test checklists con-
tained in the approved commissioning plan of the smoke
management system should be used to document the results of
the functional performance testing process.
8.3.2 The functional performance testing process should
be accomplished for all equipment, subsystems, systems, and
system interfaces. There may be several similar pieces of
equipment, systems, etc., on a project. All must be tested for
acceptance, and there should be a separate checklist for each
to ensure documentation specific to each is complete.
8.3.3 Functional performance testing should progress
from equipment or components through subsystems to com-
plete systems. Functional performance testing will have to
consider sequences of testing, starting with components and
progressing toward complete systems. As a result, the causes
of any functional problems should be easier to locate and cor-
rect.
8.3.4 The specific tests, and the most efficient order of
testing, will vary widely depending on the type of system, the
number of systems, the sequence of construction, the relation-
ship between building systems and specific tenant work, the
degree of interaction between systems, the complexity of the
controls sequence, the impact of system failures on fire or life
safety, and other factors.
8.4 Equipment and Subsystem Functional Performance
Test. At the end of the process, every mode of system oper-
ation, all system equipment, components and zones, and
every item in the control sequence description should have
been proved operational under all normal operational modes,
including part and full load, and under abnormal or emer-
gency conditions. Special attention must be given to possible
conflicts among energy management systems, normal mode
safeties, control priorities, and similar requirements.
8.5 Systems Functional Performance Test
8.5.1 Each system should be operated through all modes
of system operation with all zone scenarios tested (e.g., mul-
tiple alarms versus single alarms). Each system should also be
observed by including all individual interlocks, conditional
control logic, all control sequences, and simulation of any
abnormal conditions for which there is a specified system or
control response (e.g., multiple alarms, fan shutdown, supply
fan shutdown with inlet smoke detector).
 8.5.2 Temporary upsets of systems, such as distribution
fault, control loss, setpoint change, equilibrium upset, and
component failure, should be imposed at different operating
loads to determine the system's stability and recovery time.
8.6 Verification and Documentation
8.6.1 As each individual check or test is accomplished, the
commissioning authority should observe the physical
responses of the system and compare them to the specified
requirements to verify the test results. The actual physical
responses of system components must be observed. Reliance
on control signals or other indirect indicators is not adequate.
The input and output signals for each control component also
need to be observed to confirm they are correct for each phys-
ical condition.
8.6.2 Verification of the testing, adjusting, and balancing
report should be an integral part of functional performance
testing.
8.6.3 The commissioning authority should record the
result of each individual check or test on the pre-approved test
and report form from the commissioning plan. An example of
a report format is contained in Appendix C.
8.7 Deferred Functional Performance Test. This test
would only be conducted for a phased project, provided that
(a) the necessary system certification has been verified
and approved for those portions of the building with
necessary egress routes for areas that are to be occu-
pied and
(b) sufficient safeguards are in place to protect the occu-
pied portions from the unoccupied portions of the
building.
8.7.1 If any check or test cannot be accomplished for sea-
sonal reasons, lack of occupancy, or other reasons, this fact
should be noted along with an indication of when the test will
be scheduled.
8.7.2 If any check or test cannot be accomplished due to
building structure or other building system deficiencies, these
deficiencies should be resolved and corrected by the appro-
priate parties before completion of the smoke management
system commissioning process.
8.7.3 Every check or test for which acceptable perfor-
mance was not achieved should be repeated after the neces-
sary corrective measures have been completed. This retesting
process should be repeated until acceptable performance is
achieved.
8.8 Corrective Measures. If acceptable performance can-
not be achieved, then the necessary corrective measures
should be carried out. The design professional should issue
appropriate directions in this regard.
8.9 Intersystem Functional Performance Tests
8.9.1 When the functional performance of all individual
systems has been proved, the interface or coordinated
responses between systems should be checked.
8.9.2 The approach to intersystem performance testing
should follow that previously described for systems.
8.10 Acceptance Documentation. A copy of the smoke
management system commissioning plan and functional per-
formance test results should be included with each copy of the
ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)
operations and maintenance manuals. These manuals, along
with testing and balancing reports, control diagrams, sche-
matics, and any other documents required, should be submit-
ted to the design professional for review. An example of a
commissioning certificate is contained in Appendix C.
8.11 Operator Training
8.11.1 The building operator should be on site periodi-
cally during the construction phase, particularly during start-
up of equipment; testing, adjusting, and balancing; and the
entire functional performance testing process.
8.11.2 Fire department officers should be on site periodi-
cally during the construction phase, particularly during start-
up of equipment; testing, adjusting, and balancing; and the
entire functional performance testing process.
8.11.3 Training of operators and fire department person-
nel should provide a complete overview of all equipment,
components, and systems with an emphasis on
(a) documentation in the final operations and mainte-
nance manuals,
(b) how to use the operations and maintenance manuals,
(c) system operational procedures for all modes of opera-
tion,
(d) acceptable tolerances for system adjustments in all
operating modes, and
(e) procedures for dealing with abnormal conditions and
emergency situations for which there is a specified
system response.
8.12 Final Acceptance. When requirements of the com-
missioning plan have been completed and satisfactorily doc-
umented and required documentation has been completed,
submitted to the design professional, and accepted, the com-
missioning authority should recommend final acceptance of
the smoke management system.
9. POST-ACCEPTANCE PHASE
9.1 Introduction. Post-acceptance commissioning is a crit-
ical step in ensuring the effective, ongoing functioning of a
facility's smoke management system. As the use and func-
tions of facilities change, smoke management systems need to
be adapted to the changing requirements of occupancy and
utilization. It is necessary to maintain a history of the facility,
recording changes and verifying the effect on the previously
commissioned system.
9.2 Post-Acceptance Commissioning
Procedure Documentation
9.2.1 “As built” documents must be reviewed to reflect
modifications made to any part of the facility or smoke man-
agement system.
9.2.2 Any change in use, installed equipment, loads, or
occupancy must be carefully monitored and documented.
9.2.3 Maintenance procedures for periodically verifying
the detection system and assuring that the smoke management
system is still operating as designed should be established.
9.3 Facility Alterations
9.3.1 Notify the facility operator authorities having
jurisdiction and the fire department of alterations planned.
7
 9.3.2 Evaluate the impact of planned alterations to the A1.1 Design Intent. This should include discussion
smoke management system. regarding such aspects as

9.3.3 Update “as built” documentation, including com- • smoke control between floors,
missioning reports, to reflect alterations. • smoke control into stairs,
• smoke control into elevator shafts,
9.4 Maintenance Program
• venting floor areas,
9.4.1 Regularly maintain and service management sys- • smoke control into atria,
tems and equipment. Follow maintenance manuals and keep
accurate records of work done. • smoke control from an atrium into contiguous floors,
• venting an atrium, and
9.4.2 Retest system periodically to measure the actual
performance. System Functional Performance Test checklists • smoke control between horizontal zones.
used in the acceptance phase should be a guide for retesting. A1.2 Performance Criteria. These should include discus-
9.4.3 Develop and maintain a standard method of record- sion regarding such aspects as
ing • code requirements,
(a) maintenance and tests of the smoke management sys- • exhaust capacities,
tem, • supply capacities,
(b) its operation, • pressure differentials,
(c) incidents that cause its actuation, • relationship between relevant zones as to both static
pressure differences and airflow between them,
(d) discrepancies between predicted performance and
actual performance, and • door-opening forces, and
• air speeds.
(e) an analysis of the maintenance and tests of the smoke
management system and its operation. A1.3 Design Assumptions. This information should
9.4.4 Record and correct discrepancies between predicted include such aspects as
performance and actual performance and/or an analysis of the • building construction leakages (e.g., shafts, closures),
maintenance and tests of the smoke management system and • damper leakage,
its operation and incidents that cause its activation.
• temperatures, and
• wind velocities.
10. REFERENCES
A1.4 System Description/Operation. This should include
1. ASHRAE Guideline 1-1996, The HVAC Comissioning
• major components (equipment list);
Process, American Society of Heating, Refrigerating
and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc., 1791 Tullie Cir- • exhaust fan activation, location, and size;
cle, NE, Atlanta, GA 30329. 1996. • supply fan activation, location, and size;
2. ASHRAE Terminology of Heating, Ventilation, Air Condi- • limit and flow switches; and
tioning, and Refrigeration, 2d ed., ASHRAE, 1991. • controls sequencing (BAS operation).
3. UL Standard 555S-1999, Standard for Smoke Dampers,
A2 Drawings
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road,
Northbrook, IL 60062. 1999. A2.1 HVAC
4. UL Standard 555-1999, Standard for Fire Dampers,
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc., 333 Pfingsten Road, A2.2 Block Diagram of Elements
Northbrook, IL 60062. 1999. A2.3 Control Diagrams
A3 Schedules
(This appendix is not part of this guideline but is
included for information only.) A3.1 Position of Each Element (e.g., fan, damper)

APPENDIX A • Normal
• Alarm
SYSTEM INFORMATION REQUIRED
A3.2 Alarm Inputs Initiating Sequence Automatically
A1 Written System Design Information
A3.3 Manual Operating Sequences
The following identifies the information necessary to
understand the system and its intent, design assumptions, and A3.4 Elements That Must Make Position Switch Prior to
operation. Fan Operation
8 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)
 (This appendix is not part of this guideline but is included for information only.)
APPENDIX B

Smoke Management System (SMS) Commissioning Process Phases

5. Pre-Design 6. Design 7. Construction 8. Acceptance 9. Post-Acceptance

Set requirements Outline scope of design

requirements

5.2.1 Review project pro- 6.4 Describe system 7.1.2 Witness all oper- 8.2.1 Verify installa- 9.1 Maintain facility
gram ational testing tion of all related history
components and sys-
tems

5.2.2 Documentation 6.5 Detail commission- 7.1.3 Direct training of 8.3.1 Execute perfor- 9.3.2 Evaluate
ing plan operations and main- mance test and verifi- planned alterations
tenance personnel cation

6.6 Set requirements for 7.1.4 Direct training of 8.10 Submit 9.3.3 Update “as
parties involved fire department per- commissioning docu- built” documents
sonnel mentation including
results

6.7 Set procedures for 7.2 Review all related 8.11 Train operators 9.4.1 Maintain and
performance test and submittals service system
verification

6.8 Prepare commission- 7.3 Confirm controls 9.4.2 Retest periodi-

ing documentation checkout and testing, cally
adjusting, and balanc-
ing work is completed
and reports submitted

9.4.3 Document
maintenance and inci-
dents of activation

9.4.4 Investigate
discrepancies in acti-
vation reports

ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001) 9

 (This appendix is not part of this guideline but is included for information only.)
APPENDIX C
SAMPLE REPORT FORMS

10 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)

ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001) 11
12 ASHRAE GUIDELINE 5-1994 (RA 2001)
 POLICY STATEMENT DEFINING ASHRAE’S CONCERN
FOR THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF ITS ACTIVITIES

ASHRAE is concerned with the impact of its members’ activities on both the indoor and outdoor environment. ASHRAE’s
members will strive to minimize any possible deleterious effect on the indoor and outdoor environment of the systems and
components in their responsibility while maximizing the beneficial effects these systems provide, consistent with accepted
standards and the practical state of the art.
ASHRAE’s short-range goal is to ensure that the systems and components within its scope do not impact the indoor and
outdoor environment to a greater extent than specified by the standards and guidelines as established by itself and other
responsible bodies.
As an ongoing goal, ASHRAE will, through its Standards Committee and extensive technical committee structure,
continue to generate up-to-date standards and guidelines where appropriate and adopt, recommend, and promote those new
and revised standards developed by other responsible organizations.
Through its Handbook, appropriate chapters will contain up-to-date standards and design considerations as the material is
systematically revised.
ASHRAE will take the lead with respect to dissemination of environmental information of its primary interest and will seek
out and disseminate information from other responsible organizations that is pertinent, as guides to updating standards and
guidelines.
The effects of the design and selection of equipment and systems will be considered within the scope of the system’s
intended use and expected misuse. The disposal of hazardous materials, if any, will also be considered.
ASHRAE’s primary concern for environmental impact will be at the site where equipment within ASHRAE’s scope
operates. However, energy source selection and the possible environmental impact due to the energy source and energy
transportation will be considered where possible. Recommendations concerning energy source selection should be made by
its members.