babai River Bridge

Pier Design(Sketch)

A C
1.475

0.5 B TPL 573.59

1 PC1
2.5 2.5 2
1.53
4.5
PC2
BPL 571.59

HFL 572.09
7.5
5.59

2.65 2.2 3.59

SBL 568

1.5 1.5

FBL 566.5

10.4 7.4

This preliminary section is defined by considering by considering hydrological analysis and geotechnical recommendation

Bearing stopper

2.5
A2
2.25
1.25

4.5 2.95
bearing
1.475

A1
0.775

Bearing Pad
7.5

fig. Plan of pier Cap

 Babai River Bridge

1. Bridge data
Span of bridge 35 m
Type Of Bridge PSC
width of superstrcture 7.5 m
Nos of Longitudinal
Girder 2
2. Material Data
Unit weight of
materials
3
Concrete (ϒc) 25 KN/m
3
macadam (ϒas) 22 KN/m
3
water (ϒw) 10 KN/m
3
soil (ϒs) 18 KN/m
Submerged soil
3
density(ϒ') 10 KN/m
Grade of Concrete
Stem M25
Grade of steel Fe500
Geotechnical Data
Bearing capacity of
2
soil - KN/m
angle of repose(φ) 29 degree 0.506145483 radian
Surcharge angle(β) 0 degree 0 radian
Angle of back of
abutment(α) 90 degree 1.570796327 radian
angle of friction
between soil and
wall(δ) 16 degree 0.27925268 radian
Coefficient of friction 0.5
2 Material Properties

Grade of concrete M25

Modulus of elasticity
(Gpa) 29
Permissible direct
compressive
stress(Mpa) 6.25
Permissible flexural
compressive
stress(Mpa) 8.33
Permissible tensile
stress(Mpa) 0.61
modular ratio(m) 10
Steel Grade Fe500

Allowable steel stress

in tension and shear 240
Allowale steel stress in
direct compression 205
neutral axis depth
factor (n) 0.258
Lever arm factor (j) 0.914
Moment Factor (Q) 0.982
3 Design of Pier Cap

Live Load
Calculation for
bearings(A1 and A2 )
Live load with impact
IRC Loadings Critical value Impact factor
factor
70R_track Load 667.4171271 0.1 734.16
70R_wheel Load 810.1022099 0.105 895.07
Class A Load 845.5966851 0.110 938.41

Reaction factor for A1

and A2
IRC Loadings Reaction factor A1 load on A1 Load on A2
70R_track Load 0.720 528.594 205.56
70R_wheel Load 0.731 654.293 240.77
Class A Load 0.668 626.855 311.55
Equivalent square of
circular pier 1.95 m
Type of Load Vertical load(KN) Lever arm(m) Moment(KN-m)
Pier cap part 1 298.13 1.45 432.33
Pier cap part 2 149.06 0.97 144.11
Superstructure dead
load from both span to
A1 and A2 3480.00 1.53 5307.52
Live load to A1 and
A2 and A3 1962.88 1.53 2993.68
 Babai River Bridge

Total 5890.07 8877.64

Design moment 8877.64 KNm
effective depth
required 1417.38 mm

Overall depth provided 2200 mm

Clear cover 50 mm
Effective depth
provided 2134 mm Ok
Check for corbel
Design

Distance from the pier

stem (considering
equivalent square area
i) ) to bearing centre 1.53 m
ii) Max depth of pier cap 2m
Ratio of (i) and (ii) 0.76 Designed as Corbel

Cap as Corbel Design

Concrete cylindrical
2
strength 20.75 N/mm
Ultimate vertical force
,Vu 8835.10 KN
Ultimate horizontal
force due to creep and
shrinkage
(minimum),Nuc 1767.02 KN
Ultimate Moment,Mu 13591.48 KNm
Limitation Checking
φ(0.2*fc')bw*d 33874.58 KN Ok
φ(5.5)bw*d 44894.025 KN Ok
Shear friction
Reinforcement ,
Avf= (Vu/φ)/(fy*μ)
Type of concrete Normal weight Concrete
coefficient of
friction,μ 1.4
2
Avf 14848.90 mm
Tension
Reinforcement
An= Nuc/(φ*fy)
2
4157.69 mm
Flexural
Reinforcement
Af= Mu/(φfy*0.85d)
2
16651.02 mm
Primary Tension
Reinforcement
Primary
As
Reinforcement Closed Stirrup
(mm2)
Case (mm2)
Ah(mm2) Location(mm)
1 As >=2/3*Avf+An 14056.96 5550.34 1422.67
2 As>=Af+An 20808.71
The reinforcement of
the corbel are:
2
As= 20808.71 mm
2
Ah= 5550.34 mm
Checking for As
Minimum and
Maximum
ρmin=0.04*fc'/fy 0.00166
ρ=As/bd 0.002167 Ok
2
Ah-min=0.5*(As-An) 8325.51 mm
The final
reinforcement are
2
As= 20808.71 mm
2
An= 8325.51 mm
for As reinforcement
,Provide
bar dia 32 mm
number 26 Nos
Spacing Required 180 mm
spacing Provided 120 mm
Therefore provided
2
area 30293 mm OK
 Babai River Bridge

Lateral reinforcement
ptovided 0.5*0.15% of
2
sectional area 12900 mm
Provide,bar dia 25 mm
number 27 Nos
Spacing required 285 mm
spacing provided 250 mm
2
Provided area 15021 mm OK
for An
reinforcement,provide
8 legged shear bars
Nos of leg provided 8.00 Nos
bar dia 16 mm
2
Area provided 12867.96 mm OK
Spacing of An bars
with in 2/3 of depth of
corbel 220.00 mm
Provide spacing 180.00 mm OK

Skin reinforcement @
0.1% of gross
2
sectional area ofcorbel 9000 mm
2
on each side 4500.00 mm
Provide
bar dia 25 mm
Nos required on each
side 10 Nos
Spacing required 211 mm
Spacing required
provided 200 mm
Provided area on each
2
side 5154.18 mm OK
Check for punching
shear
Distance of bearing
from the face of stem 1.40 m
effective depth at the
section of bearing 1471.70 mm
Allowable punching
pressure,
2
τp=0.16*sqrt(fck) 0.80 N/mm
Total punching stress
developed,τ_punch 2721438.96 N
2
Punching area 14550373.80 mm
Punching stress
2
developed 0.19 N/mm Ok

25 mm dia @ 150 mm c/c PCC2 25dia_@200 mm spacing

32dia@120mmc/c_spacing 25dia@250mmc/cspacing PCC5
PCC1 PCC3

PCC4
16 mm dia. @ 200 mm c/c

12 dia. 10 legged at 250 mm c/c PCC6

16dia_8legged_@180_spacing
PCC7 16dia_8legged_@180_spacing
PCC8

Design of Pier Stem

column(between
foundation top and 3.59 m
Diameter of Pier,D 2.20 m
Effective length of pier,Le 4.31 m (IRC:21-2000,306.2.1)

Total
Forces on the Pier at Total Load CG of load
Load(Absolute
point from Impact factor A B C Including from pier
without
superstructure Impact,KN centre,m
impact),KN
 Babai River Bridge

Distance from centre(m) -2.5 2.5

Dead Load(KN) on both bearing 1.00 3480.00 3480.00 6960.00 6960.00 0
Live Load(KN) 1.110 654.29 155.81 810.10 899.02 -1.538
Analysis and Design of Pier Stem
i) Dead Load
Dead load from superstructure 6960.00
Live Load from superstructure 899.02
Pedestrian live load 420.00
Dead load of the pier cap 1389.38
Dead load of the pier stem 341.17
Total load 10009.56 KN
ii) Buoyancy
2
Area of stem x-section 3.80 m
Depth of submerged part of pier 4.09 m
3
Volume of submerged part of pier 15.55 m
Net upward force due to buoyancy -155.47 KN
iii) Live Load
Live Load including Impact 899.02 KN
which will act at
eccentricity (From
centre of pier -1.54 m
eccentricity (From
centre of pier 1.48
Critical moment due to
live load 1382.69 KNm
live load
eccentricity(along 1326.05 KNm
iii) Braking force(As per IRC 6:6-2000,214.2)
20% of Design
vehicle load
Braking force (70R wheel)
Height of deck surface from the pier cap 3.30 m
along the bridge @ m from the stem
1.2m above the deck 10.09 base
Total load of the design vehicle 1000.00 KN
Therefore Braking force 200.00 KN
Vertical force due to braking 25.71 KN
iv) Frictional force due to resistance of bearing(temperature effect )
vehicle which acts at
1.2m above the deck 200.00 KN
girder 2
force in full span(Fh) 200.00 KN
Reaction at free end due to dead load(Rg) 3480.00 KN
end due to live load
(Rq) 169.64 KN
Bearing type Pot
μ 0.03
each bearing is taken
for fixed bearing as it max of (a) and (b) one span collapse
a) Fh-μ(Rg+Rq) 90.51 KN 145.26 KN
b) Fh/2+μ(Rg+Rq) 209.49 KN 154.74 KN
v) Force due to water current
Exposed height to water current 4.09 m
2
exposed area to water current 9.00 m
Maximum mean velocity 3.51 m/s from hydrological analysis report
Maximum Velocity as per IRC 6:2014,210.3 4.96 m/s
Shape factor for the circular piers,K 0.66 IRC 6:2014, Clause 210.2
2
Intensity of pressure,P 8.46 KN/m
Force due to water current 76.09 KN
Effect of angular attack on pier IRC 6:2014, Clause 210.5
The resolved intensities are
2
On the nose of pier 8.46 KN/m
On the face of pier ie. Along the bridge axis 2.89 KN/m2
Transverse force 76.09 KN
Longitudinal force 26.02 KN
Therefore transverse moment 207.48 KNm
Longitudinal moment 70.96 KNm
vi) Seismic Forces
Horizontal seismic forces

Calculation of CG of pier cap from stem base

SN Area (Ai) yi Aiyi Remarks
1 7.5 5.09 38.18 Upper rectangular part
2 1.325 4.92 6.52 left triangular part
3 2.2 4.09 9.00 middle rectangular part
4 1.325 4.92 6.52 right triangular part
Sum 12.35 60.22
y bar 4.88 m
 Babai River Bridge

Seismic coefficient calculation

Spectrum Acceleration,Sa/g 2.5
Zone factor,Z 0.36
Importance factor,I 1.2
Response reduction factor,R 3
Horizontal seismic coefficent,Ah 0.18
Vertical seismic coefficient,Av 0.12
Horizontal seismic forces calculation:
Particulars Forces (KN) Lever arm (m) Moment(KNm)
Superstructure 0.00 5.59 0.00
Pier Cap 250.09 4.88 1219.45
Pier Stem 61.41 1.80 110.23
Total along traffic 311.50 1329.68
Total across the traffic 562.06
Vertical Seismic Forces
Particulars Load
Superstructure 835.20
Pier Cap 166.73
Pier Stem 40.94
Total 1042.87 KN
Braking force in seismic case
Nos of longitudinal girder 2 Nos
Applied horizontal force in full span(Fh) 1042.87 KN
Reaction at free end due to dead load(Rg) 3480.00 KN
Reaction at the free end due to live load 169.64 KN
Bearing type Pot
μ 0.03
horizontal force at each bearing is taken for max of (a) and (b)
a) Fh-μ(Rg+Rq) 933.38
b) Fh/2+μ(Rg+Rq) 630.92 KN
horizontal force at each bearing of pier 466.69 KN
Loads and Moment Calculation
Combination I : Dry Case, Non Seismic,Full Live Load
Moment
Moment along
Horizontal load along Horizontal load across
Particular Load Coefficient Vertical load ,P traffic(y-
traffic(y-y) across traffic(x-x) traffic(x-
y),KNm
x),KNm
Dead Load(Total) 1 8690.54
Live Load including pedestrian load 1 1319.02 1326.05 1382.69
Total Horizontal force 1 209.49 1171.044838
Total 10009.56 209.49 0.00 2497.09 1382.69

Combination II : Dry Case, Seismic

Moment
Horizontal load Moment along
Horizontal load along across
Particular Load Coefficient Vertical load ,P KN across traffic(x- traffic(y-
traffic(y-y),KN traffic(x-x)
x),KN y)KNm
KNm
Dead Load(Total) 1 8690.54
Live Load 1 1319.02 1326.05 1382.69
Total Horizontal force 1 933.38 5217.57215
Seismic forces
i) seismic horizontal 1 311.50 562.06 1741.273482 3141.903882
ii) seismic vertical 1 1042.87
Total 11052.43 1244.87 562.06 8284.89 4524.59

Combination III : Flooded Case ,Non Seismic,Full Live Load

Moment
Horizontal load Moment along
Horizontal load along across
Particular Load Coefficient Vertical load ,P KN across traffic(x- traffic(y-
traffic(y-y),KN traffic(x-x)
x),KN y)KNm
KNm
Dead Load(Total) 1 8690.54
Live Load 1 1319.02 1326.05 1382.69
Total Horizontal force 1 209.49 1171.044838
Buoyancy 1 -155.47
Water current 1 26.02 76.09 70.96 207.48
Total 9854.09 235.51 76.09 2568.05 1590.16

Combination IV : Flooded Case ,Seismic,Full Live Load

Moment
Horizontal load Moment along
Horizontal load along across
Particular Load Coefficient Vertical load ,P KN across traffic(x- traffic(y-
traffic(y-y),KN traffic(x-x)
x),KN y)KNm
KNm
Dead Load(Total) 1 8690.54
Live Load 1 1319.02 1326.05 1382.69
Total Horizontal force 1 0.00 933.38 5217.57
Buoyancy 1 -155.47
Water current 1 26.02 76.09 70.96 207.48
Seismic forces 1 1042.87 311.50 562.06 1741.27 3141.90
Total 10896.95 1270.90 638.15 8355.86 4732.07
 Babai River Bridge

Combination V : Dry Case ,Non Seismic,Full Live Load (One span collapse condition)
Moment
Horizontal load Moment along
Horizontal load along across
Particular Load Coefficient Vertical load ,P KN across traffic(x- traffic(y-
traffic(y-y),KN traffic(x-x)
x),KN y)KNm
KNm
Dead Load(Total) 1 5210.54 5307.52
Live Load 1 659.51 663.02 691.3432018
Total Horizontal force 1 154.74 865.02
Total 5870.05 154.74 0.00 6835.57 691.34
Maximum Loads/Moments

Resultant Crtitical forces

Cases Non Seismic Seismic One span collapse
Vertical Load,P(KN) 10009.56 11052.43 5870.05
Horizontal Load,H(KN) 235.51 1270.90 6835.57
Moment,M(KNm) 2568.05 8355.86 154.74

2
Sectional Area of stem,Ag 3801327.11 mm
Provide main reinforcement (% of sectional area) 1.00 %
Total area of reinforcement 38013.27 mm2
provide, dia. Of main bars 32 mm
number of bars 48 nos
cover provided 75 mm
spacing of bars required 135 mm
Spacing of main bar provided 130 mm
Area of reinforcement provided 40647 mm2 OK
% of reinforcement therfore provided 1.07 %
dia of transverse reinforcement 12 mm
diameter upto the line of reinforcement,Dc 2006.00 mm
2
So area of steel provided,As 38603.89 mm
2
so Area of concrete,Ac 3762723.22 mm
check for the section capacity of stem
section,
2
Ae=Ac+(1.5m-1)*As 4303177.69 mm
area of the section,
Ie=pi()*D^4/64+(m- 1324662826904.91 mm4
3
Ze=2*Ie/D 1204238933.55 mm
Stress Check
2
Maximum Stress in N/mm
Condition: Non-Seismic Seismic One span Collapse
σcc=P/Ae 2.33 2.57 1.36
σcb=M/Ze 2.13 6.94 5.68
σcc/σacc+σcb/σacb 0.63 0.83 0.90
Result OK OK OK

Check the section for Shear:

Condition Non Seismic Seismic
Resultant critical horizontal force 235.51 1270.90
shear stress developed 0.06 0.33
percentage of reinforcement provided 1.07 1.07
Allowable shear stress 0.41 0.617
Result OK Ok

Hence , No shear reinforcement required. Just provide Nominal Bars

Provide 12mm circular rings @ 100 mm c/c upto 1.5 m from the bottom and top of the pier
Provide 12mm circular rings @ 200 mm c/c on the remaining part.
Diameter of ring

Summery of Reinforcement in pier stem

32dia.@135mmc/c_Spacing
P1

P3 16 dia bars @ 500 mm c/c spacing

P2 12mm dia @ 150mm c/c spacing

12 mm dia bars @ 100mm c/c upto 1.5m

from bottom and top of pier

fig: Reinforcement detailing in pier stem

 Babai River Bridge

BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF PIER STEM

Bar Total Unit Total
dia. Bar
SN Sketch Nos length length weight(k Weight
(mm) mark
(m) (m) g/m) (Kg)
1 6890
1600 32 PS1 51 8.49 432.99 6.321 2736.924

2
12 PS2 36 3.770 135.717 0.889 120.637

100
3
2100 16 PS3 9 2.3 20.700 1.580 32.711
100 Total 2890.273

BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF PIER CAP

Bar Total Unit Total
dia. Bar
SN Sketch Nos length length weight(k Weight
(mm) mark
(m) (m) g/m) (Kg)
1 7400
600 32 PCC1 34 8.6 292.400 6.321 1848.257

2 4400
600 25 PCC2 31 5.6 173.600 3.858 669.753

3 500 25 PCC3 31 8.508 263.748 3.858 1017.546

2704
2100

4 4400 16 PCC4 88 5.6 492.800 1.580 778.746

600
6175
5 600 25 PCC5 20 7.375 147.500 3.858 569.059

6 10 LEGGED
1400 12 PCC6 30 18.4 552 0.889 490.667
Varries

7
co
 Babai River Bridge

co
8 LEGGED 16 PCC7 11 61.86 680.48 1.580 1075.325
co 7400
Varries

8 co 8 LEGGED
co 4400 16 PCC8 11 37.86 416.48 1.580 658.140

9 1500 10 MESH 4 48.47 193.88 0.617 119.682

100 mm pitch
1500
Total 7227.174
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF STOPPER BLOCK
Bar Total Unit Total
dia. Bar
SN Sketch Nos length length weight(k Weight
(mm) mark
(m) (m) g/m) (Kg)
1 500
16 AST1 10 2.225 22.25 1.580 35.16
1725

2 500
12 AST2 10 2.46 24.60 0.889 21.87
1960

3 550 8 AST3 3 2.2 6.60 0.395 2.61

100 hook
1450 Each stopper Block 59.63
Total in 2 stopper 119.27
BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF Bearing Block (Pedestal)
Bar Total Unit Total
dia. Bar
SN Sketch Nos length length weight(k Weight
(mm) mark
(m) (m) g/m) (Kg)

1 1050 16 ACP1 25 1.25 31.25 1.580 49.38

200

2 1050 16 ACP2 25 1.25 31.25 1.580 49.38

200
 Babai River Bridge

900
3 900 12 ACP3 3 1.9 5.70 0.889 5.07
100 hook

800 10 MESH 2 20.51 41.03 0.617 25.33

800
In one
pedestal 129.16
Total in 2 pedestal 258.31
 Babai River Bridge

Pier with Pile foundation Design(Sketch)

A C
1.475
B
0.5 TPL 573.59

1
2.5 2.5 2

4.5
1.25 BPL 571.59

HFL 572.09
7.5
5.59

2.65 2.2
2.2

4.1 4.1 2.6

SBL/FTL 568.00

1.5 1.5

FBL 566.50

10.4 7.4
0.2
0.2 MSL 566.00

13

PBL 553.50

1 3 rows of piles at 3m c/c spacing

7.4

4 rows of piles at 3 m c/c spacing Note: All dimensions are in m

10.4
 Babai River Bridge

DESIGN OF ABUTMENT AND FOUNTAION

1. Bridge data
Span of bridge 35 m
Type Of Bridge Prestressed Concrete
width of superstrcture 11 m
Pile diameter 1 m
Nos of piles along traffic direction(L-
direction) 4 Nos
Nos of piles perpendicular to traffic
direction(T-direction) 3 Nos
Total Nos of piles(n) 12
Pile spacing along traffic direction (L-
direction) 3 m
Pile spacing perpendicular to traffic
direction (T-direction) 3 m
Pile cap length along traffic
direction(L-direction) 10.4 m
Pile cap length perpendicular to
traffic direction(T-direction) 7.4 m
offset in L-direction 0.2 m
offset in T-direction 0.2 m
Length of column between two
restraints 3.59 m
Effective length as per code 4.308 m
diameter of pier 2.2 m
2. Material Data
Unit weight of materials
3
Concrete (ϒc) 25 KN/m
3
macadam (ϒas) 22 KN/m
3
water (ϒw) 10 KN/m
3
soil (ϒs) 18 KN/m
3
Submerged soil density(ϒ') 10 KN/m
Grade of Concrete
Pile M35
Pile cap M35
Grade of steel Fe500
2
Permissible stress in steel 240 N/mm
Geotechnical Data
Bearing capacity of soil
angle of repose(φ) 28 degree 0.488692191 radian
Surcharge angle(β) 0 degree 0 radian
Angle of back of abutment(α) 90 degree 1.570796327 radian
angle of friction between soil and wall(δ) 16 degree 0.27925268 radian
Coefficient of friction 0.5
Calculations:

Parameters Pile Pile Cap

Modulus of elasticity (Gpa) 31.5 31.5

Permissible direct compressive stress(Mpa) 8.75 8.75
Permissible flexural compressive stress(Mpa) 11.67 11.67
Permissible tensile stress(Mpa) 0.67 0.67
modular ratio(m) 10 10
neutral axis depth factor (n) 0.327 0.327
Lever arm factor (j) 0.891 0.891
Moment Factor (Q) 1.7 1.7
Loads Calculation
Total load CG of load
Total load
Impact factor A B C exlcuding wrt
including impact
Forces on thr pier at point from superstructure impact centre,m
Distance from centre -2.5 0 2.5
dead load(KN) 3480.00 0.00 3480.00 6960.00 6960.00 0
Live Load (KN) 1.10 651.71 0.00 239.82 891.53 985.03 -1.155
Forces at the bottom of the footing
Dead load Calculation
Dead load from
i) Superstructure 6960.00 KN
ii) Pier cap 1389.375 KN
iii) Pier stem 341.17 KN
iv) Footing 2886 KN
Total 11576.54411 KN
Live Load Calculation
Live load excluding impact 891.53 KN
 Babai River Bridge

Footpath live load

footpath width 1.50 m
Footpath live load 420.00
Total Live Load 1311.53
eccentricity -1.155 m
Moment due to eccentricity 1514.82 KNm
Buoyant Force Calculation
Volume of the submerged part of pier 130.99
Net upward force due to buoyancy -1309.87 KN
Braking force Calculation
Braking force as per code
height of deck surface from the pier cap 2.8 m
and this force act at 1.2m from the road level 9.59 m
Total weight of design vehicle 1000 KN
Therefore Braking force 200 KN
Vertical force due to braking 22.86 KN
Frictional force due to resistance of bearing in Non Seismic Case
Nos of longitudinal girder 2
span(Fh) 200.00 KN
Reaction at free end due to dead load(Rg) 3480.00 KN
load (Rq) 169.25 KN
Bearing type Pot
μ 0.03
taken for fixed bearing as it gives
higher value max of (a) and (b)
Fh-μ(Rg+Rq) 90.52
Fh/2+μ(Rg+Rq) 209.48 KN
horizontal force at each bearing of pier 104.74 KN
Frictional force due to resistance of bearing in Seismic Case
Nos of longitudinal girder 2
span(Fh) 1137.90 KN
Reaction at free end due to dead load(Rg) 3480.00 KN
load (Rq) 169.25 KN
Bearing type Pot
μ 0.03
taken for fixed bearing as it gives
higher value max of (a) and (b)
Fh-μ(Rg+Rq) 1966.32 KN
Fh/2+μ(Rg+Rq) 2185.27 KN
The frictional force at fix end 2185.27 KN
Force due to water current
Exposed height to water current 4.09 m
2
exposed area to water current 9.00 m
Maximum mean velocity 3.51 m/s from hydrology report
Maximum Velocity as per IRC
6:2014,210.3 1.58 m/s
Shape factor for the circular piers,K 0.66 IRC 6:2014, Clause 210.2
2
Intensity of pressure,P 0.86 KN/m
Force due to water current 7.71 KN
Effect of angular attack on pier IRC 6:2014, Clause 210.5
The resolved intensities are
2
On the nose of pier 0.86 KN/m
On the face of pier ie. Along the
bridge axis 0.29 KN/m2
Transverse force 7.71 KN
Longitudinal force 2.64 KN
Therefore transverse moment 21.02 KNm
Longitudinal moment 7.19 KNm
Seismic Forces
Horizontal seismic forces
Calculation of CG of pier cap from
stem base
Area (Ai) yi Aiyi Remarks
7.5 5.09 38.175 Upper rectangular part
1.325 4.26 5.64 left triangular part
2.2 4.09 8.998 middle rectangular part
1.325 4.26 5.64 right triangular part
12.35 58.45
y bar 4.73 m
Seismic coefficient calculation
Sa/g 2.5
Z 0.36
I 1.2
R 3
 Babai River Bridge

Ah 0.18
Av 0.12
Horizontal seismic forces
calculation:
Particulars Forces (KN) Lever arm (m)Moment(KNm)
Superstructure 626.40 6.09 3814.776
Pier Cap 250.09 4.73 1183.676625
Pier Stem 61.41 1.795 110.2317389
Total along traffic 937.90 5108.68
Total across the traffic 937.90
Vertical Seismic Forces
Particulars
Superstructure 835.20
Pier Cap 166.73
Pier Stem 40.94
Total 1042.87 KN
Loads and Moment Calculation
Case I : Dry Case , Non
Sesimic,Full Live Load
horizontal
horizontal load Moment Moment across
load along
Particulars Load coefficient Vertical load,PKN aacross traffic along traffic traffic (X-X)
traffic (Y-Y)
(X-X)KN (Y-Y) KNm KNm
KN
Dead Load 1 11576.54
Live Load 1 1311.53 1514.82 1934.51
Braking force/Tractive force 1 209.48 752.02
Total 12888.07 209.48 0.00 2266.84 1934.51
Case II: Flooded Case, Non
Seismic, Full Live Load
horizontal
horizontal load Moment Moment across
load along
Particulars Load coefficient Vertical load,PKN aacross traffic along traffic traffic (X-X)
traffic (Y-Y)
(X-X)KN (Y-Y) KNm KNm
KN
Dead Load 1 11576.54
Live Load 1 1311.53 1514.82 1934.51
Braking force/Tractive force 1 209.48 752.02
Buoyancy 1 -1309.87
Water current force 1 2.64 7.71 7.19 21.02
Total 11578.20 212.11 7.71 2274.03 1955.53
Case III: Dry case , Non Seismic,
No Live Load
horizontal
horizontal load Moment Moment across
load along
Particulars Load coefficient Vertical load,PKN aacross traffic along traffic traffic (X-X)
traffic (Y-Y)
(X-X)KN (Y-Y) KNm KNm
KN
Dead Load 1 11576.54
Live Load 1 0
Braking force/Tractive force 1 209.48 752.02
Total 11576.54 209.48 0.00 752.02 0.00
Case IV: Flooded case , Non
Seismic, No Live Load
horizontal
horizontal load Moment Moment across
load along
Particulars Load coefficient Vertical load,PKN aacross traffic along traffic traffic (X-X)
traffic (Y-Y)
(X-X)KN (Y-Y) KNm KNm
KN
Dead Load 1 11576.54
Live Load 1 0
Braking force/Tractive force 1 209.48 752.02
Buoyancy 1 -1309.87
Water current force 1 2.64 7.71 7.19 21.02
Total 10266.67 212.11 7.71 759.21 21.02
Case V: Dry case , Seismic, Full
Live Load
horizontal
horizontal load Moment Moment across
load along
Particulars Load coefficient Vertical load,PKN aacross traffic along traffic traffic (X-X)
traffic (Y-Y)
(X-X)KN (Y-Y) KNm KNm
KN
Dead Load 1 11576.54
Live Load 1 1311.53 1514.82 1934.51
Braking force/Tractive force 1 2185.27 8937.77
Seismic forces 1 1042.87 2185.27 937.90 5108.68 5108.68
Total 13930.94 4370.55 937.90 15561.27 7043.19
Case VI: Flooded case , Seismic,
Full Live Load
 Babai River Bridge

horizontal
horizontal load Moment Moment across
load along
Particulars Load coefficient Vertical load,PKN aacross traffic along traffic traffic (X-X)
traffic (Y-Y)
(X-X)KN (Y-Y) KNm KNm
KN
Dead Load 1 11576.54
Live Load 1 1311.53 1514.82
Braking force/Tractive force 1 2185.27 8937.77
Buoyancy 1 -1309.87
Water current force 1 2.64 7.71 7.19 21.02
Seismic forces 1 1042.87 2185.27 937.90 5108.68 5108.68
Total 12621.06 4373.18 945.61 15568.46 5129.70
Case VII: Dry case , Seismic, No
Live Load
horizontal
horizontal load Moment Moment across
load along
Particulars Load coefficient Vertical load,PKN aacross traffic along traffic traffic (X-X)
traffic (Y-Y)
(X-X)KN (Y-Y) KNm KNm
KN
Dead Load 1 11576.54
Live Load 1 0
Braking force/Tractive force 1 2185.27 8937.77
Seismic forces 1 1042.87 2185.27 937.90 5108.68 5108.68
Total 12619.41 4370.55 937.90 14046.45 5108.68
Case VIII: Flooded case , Seismic,
No Live Load
horizontal
horizontal load Moment Moment across
load along
Particulars Load coefficient Vertical load,PKN aacross traffic along traffic traffic (X-X)
traffic (Y-Y)
(X-X)KN (Y-Y) KNm KNm
KN
Dead Load 1 11576.54
Live Load 1 0
Braking force/Tractive force 1 2185.27 8937.77
frictional force 0
Buoyancy 1 -1309.87
Water current force 1 2.64 7.71 7.19 21.02
Seismic forces 1 1042.87 2185.27 937.90 5108.68 5108.68
Total 11309.54 4373.18 945.61 14053.64 5129.70
Summary of Load
Horizontal Horizontal Moment
load along load aacross Moment along across
Cases Vertical load,P Remarks
traffic (Y- traffic (X- traffic (Y-Y) traffic (X-
Y) X) X)
Case I : Dry Case , Non Sesimic,Full 12888.07 209.48 0.00 2266.84 1934.51
Case II: Flooded Case, Non Seismic,

e
as
Full Live Load 11578.20 212.11 7.71 2274.03 1955.53

C
Case III: Dry case , Non Seismic, No ic
ism
Live Load 11576.54 209.48 0.00 752.02 0.00
Se
on

Case IV: Flooded case , Non

N

Seismic, No Live Load 10266.67 212.11 7.71 759.21 21.02

Case V: Dry case , Seismic, Full Live
Load 13930.94 4370.55 937.90 15561.27 7043.19
Case VI: Flooded case , Seismic, Full
e
as

Live Load 12621.06 4373.18 945.61 15568.46 5129.70

C
ic

Case VII: Dry case , Seismic, No

ism

Live Load 12619.41 4370.55 937.90 14046.45 5108.68

Se

Case VIII: Flooded case , Seismic,

No Live Load 11309.54 4373.18 945.61 14053.64 5129.70
Maximum and minumun reaction and
on the pile
, = ±
∗
±
∗ Total vertical
∑ ∑
where, V= load
distance of
pile along X-
Xi= direction
distance of
pile along Y-
Yi= direction
distance of
critical pile X-
Xc= direction
distance of
critical pile Y-
Yc= direction
Total number
N= of piles
Here, Nos of piles 12 Nos
∑ =
 Babai River Bridge

∑ = 2
180 m
∑ = 2
72 m
Critical pile distance from Y-axis
from CG line,Xc 4.5 m
Critical pile distance from X-axis
from CG line,Yc 3m
Summary of Loads
Cases Vmax (KN) Vmin(KN) Hmax
Case I : Dry Case , Non Sesimic,Full
17.46
Live Load 1211.28 936.73 Ok
Case II: Flooded Case, Non Seismic,
17.68
Full Live Load 1103.18 826.52 Ok
Case III: Dry case , Non Seismic, No
17.46
Live Load 897.96 729.81 Ok
Case IV: Flooded case , Non
17.68
Seismic, No Live Load 875.41 835.70 Ok
Case V: Dry case , Seismic, Full Live 1843.41 478.41 364.21 Ok
Case VI: Flooded case , Seismic, Full
364.43
Live Load 1654.70 448.81 Ok
Case VII: Dry case , Seismic, No
364.21
Live Load 1615.64 487.59 Ok
Case VIII: Flooded case , Seismic,
No Live Load 364.43
1507.54 377.38 Ok
From Geotechnical Report Pile
Capacity 1647.75 KN for 13.5 m pile length below scour
Design of Pile Cap
Bending moment at the face of
column 4809.74 KNm
Minimum effective depth required
deff ,sqrt(M/(R*b)) 580.36 mm
Provided overall depth of cap 1500 mm Mimimum should be at least 600mm or 1.5* pile dia. As per code.
Effective cover 75 mm
deff Provided 1425 mm
Area of reinforcement required at
2
bottom, Ast=M/(Z*deff*σst) 15784.03009 mm
Provide,
bar dia 25 mm
number required 50 Nos
spacing required 150 mm
2
Hence reinforcementrequired 24543.69 mm
Actual provided reinforcement
bar dia 32 mm
spacing 120 mm
number 63 Nos
2
Actual provided reinforcement 50667.61 mm OK
2
Top bar (0.12%) bothways 13320 mm
provide,
bar dia 20 mm
number 43 Nos
spacing Required 240 mm
Sapcing Provided 200 mm
Check shear
shear force at deff distance from the
face of abutment 3633.84 KN
2
shear stress developed 0.23 N/mm
reinforcement provided 0.32 %
2
permissible shear stress 0.25 N/mm OK
Check for punching shear stress
Effective depth of section provided 1425 mm
Total vertical load 12888.07 KN
2
punching shear stress 0.200374271 N/mm
permissible punching shear
2
stress,0.16*sqrt(fck) 0.95 N/mm Ok

Provide nominal shear reinforcement

Provide 12mm dia bars-10 legged @
spacing of 300mm c/c
For corner pile
Load on Piles 1211.28 KN
Effective length resisting shear 2970.80 mm
punching shear stress 0.272

Provide nominal shear reinforcement

 Babai River Bridge

Provide 12mm dia bars -10 legged @

300mm c/c
Design of Pile
Daimeter of pile 1000 mm
4
MOI of pile section 0.049087385 m

Modulus of elasticity of pile material 295.80 MN/m^2

Load on Pile
Soil type Dry Cohesionless Soil
SPT number(Blows/30cm) 25.00 For Granular Soil
Modulus of subgrade reaction from
table as per code 3.56 MN/m^3
Stiffness Factor,T 1.325 m
Length of Pile 14 m le/T=10.19 long pile
Length of pile upto scour level,L1 0.5 m
Embeded length,Le 13.5 m
L1/T 0.377
Lf/T 1.849
Lf 2.449 m
Reduction factor 0.856
Actual Moment 26.06 KNm
Resultant Critical forces on pile are
summerized as, Non Seismic Seismic
Vertical load(KN), P 1211.28 1843.41
Horizontal load(KN), H 17.68 364.43
Moment(KNm),M 26.06 537.34
2
Sectional area of pile(Ag) 785398.16 mm
Provide main reinforcement (% of
sectional area of pile ) 1%
2
Total area of reinforcement 7853.98 mm
Provide,
Bar diameter 25
number of bars 16 Nos
clear cover provided 75 mm
spacing 175 mm
Provided diameter of transverse
reinforcement 12 mm
Diameter upto the line of
reinforcement,Dc 801 mm
2
Area of reinforcement provided,As 7853.98 mm
2
Area of concrete,Ac 777544.18 mm
Checking for section capacity of
pile,
Equivalent area is , Ae=Ac+(1.5m-
2
1)*As 887499.92 mm
Equivalent moment of Inertia of
section, Ie=pi()*D^4/64+(m-
4
1)*As*D^2/8 54756397991 mm
3
Sectional Modulus,Ze=2*Ie/D 109512796 mm
Non Seismic Seismic
σcc (N/mm2)=P/Ae 1.36 2.08
σcb (N/mm2)=M/Ze 0.24 4.91
σcc/σacc+σcb/σacb 0.18 0.44
Result Ok Ok
Shear check of the section
Non Seismic Seismic

Resultant Critical horizontal force(N) 17676.19 364431.96

shear stress developed τc,N/mm2 0.023 0.464
Percentage of longitudinal
reinforcement provided 1.000 1.000
Allowable shear stress 0.42 0.630
No Shear No shear
reinforcement reinforcement
required required
Provide 12mm circular rings @ 100 mm c/c upto height of 3m from the top of pile and 150 mm c/c in rest of
 Babai River Bridge

12 mm dia. Bars @ 300 mm c/c

spacing 12mm 10 legged @ 300mm c/c spacing

25dia_bars@150mmc/c_SpacingPP1 & PP2

25dia.@175mm_spacing P1

12 mm @ 100 mm c/c for depth upto 3m and 150mm c/c for rest
P2

fig. Reinforcement detailing of pier pile

 Babai River Bridge

BAR BENDING SCHEDULE OF PILE CAP OF PIER

SN Sketch dia.(mm) Bar mark Nos Bar length(m) Total length(m) Unit weight(kg/m) Total Weight(Kg)
1 32 PP1 63 12.05 759.15 6.321 4798.58
900
10250
2
900 25 PP2 88 12.05 1060.4 3.858 4091.05
7250

3 10250
900 20 PP3 38 12.05 457.9 2.469 1130.62

4 7250
900 20 PP4 53 12.05 638.65 2.469 1576.91
Total 11597.16

BAR BENDING SCHEDULE oF Pile

SN Sketch dia.(mm) Bar mark Nos Bar length(m) Total length(m) Unit weight(kg/m) Total Weight(Kg)
1 200 25 P1 16 14.4 230.4 3.858 888.89
14200

2 12 P2 99 2.67 264.37 0.889 234.99

Total 1123.88