CONNECTORS – words that link sentences. Ex: He was having a shower. The phone rang.

When the phone rang, he was having a shower.

They moved to the USA so that they
could escape.
She sold her guitar to buy a computer. ●So that*
He left his home in order that he ●To
might become independent. ●In order to
He went out in order to buy a pizza. ●In order that*
(* + modal verb)
When the weather is fine, we go for
a drive.
While she was watching TV, she If you don’t study, you’ll
heard a noise. fail.
After they had dinner, they went to Take your umbrella in
the café. case it rains.
As soon as he saw her, he smiled at I don’t know whether to
her. sit or to stand.
Unless he comes, we
won’t get to know him.

●When
●While*
●After ●If
●Until ●In case
●Since ●Unless
●As soon as
(*+Past/ ●Whether
Pres.
Continuous)

● Because ● Although*
● As ● But
● In spite of
● Since
**
(* + clause)
(** +
gerund or
I’m not going out because I’ve got noun)
a terrible cold. He always carries his umbrella although the
She gave up smoking as it was weather is fine.
damaging her health. He got married but his wife left him later.
We won’t move into London since She couldn’t get the job in spite of trying
we don’t have a house there. hard.
She couldn’t get the job in spite of her
effort.

Indicate which kind of connector is presented in the following sentences. Follow the example.
1. It rained a lot but he went to the cinema all the same. CONTRAST
2. I won’t go to the cinema since it’s raining a lot. Reason cause
3. I haven’t seen Mary since I went to the cinema. Reason cause
4. When I saw Mary she was at the cinema. Time
5. If you go to the cinema, call Mary. Condition
6. I go to the cinema to relax. Purpose
JOIN THE TWO SENTENCES WITH A SUITABLE CONNECTOR. YOU CAN WRITE MORE THAN
ONE SENTENCE AND YOU MAY HAVE TO CHANGE THE SENTENCES.

A. CONTRAST
1. He wanted to read the newspaper. He watched TV.
Although he watched TV, he wanted to read the newspaper.
Even though he watched TV, he wanted to read the newspaper.
2. Nelson was very ill. He didn’t go to the doctor.
Although Nelson was very ill, he didn’t go to the doctor.
Nelson was very ill. However, he didn’t go to the doctor.
3. Kate is allergic to chocolate. She ate a bit.
In spite of her allergy to chocolate, she ate a bit.
Despite the fact that she is allergic to chocolate, she ate a bit.
B. PURPOSE
1. The news arrive our homes. We are well informed.
The news arrive our homes so that we are well informed.
The news arrive our homes in order to keep us well informed.
2. They study foreign languages. They speak with their foreign friends.
They study foreign languages so that they can speak with their foreign friends.
They study foreign languages in order to speak with their foreign friends.
3. Tom reads a lot. He writes perfectly.
Tom reads a lot to writes perfectly.
Tom reads a lot in order to write perfectly.
C. REASON / CAUSE
1. Reporters invade people’s lives. People don’t trust the press.
Reporters invade people’s lives because people don’t trust the press.
Reporters invade people’s lives as people don’t trust the press.
2. Peter went to the doctor. He wasn’t feeling well.
Peter went to the doctor as he wasn’t feeling well.
Peter went to the doctor since he wasn’t feeling well.
3. Anne cried a lot. Her dog died.
Anne cried a lot because her dog died.
Anne cried a lot since her dog died.

D. CONDITION
1. She has not made up her mind yet. She doesn’t know if she wants to go to university or not.
She hasn’t made up her mind yet. She doesn’t know whether to go to university or not.
If she knows whether to go to university or not, she would’ve made up her mind.
2. I’ll go to the party. The only condition is that he asks me.
I wont go to the party unless he asks me.
If he asks me, I will go to the party.
3. Maria will go to England. There’s one condition though – her parents let her.
If her parents let her, Maria will go to England.
Maria wont go to England unless her parents let her.
E. TIME
1. They arrived home. Their parents were listening to the radio.
They arrived home while their parents were listening to the radio.
When their parents were listening to the radio, they arrived home.
2. They arrived at the cinema. The film had already begun.
When they arrived at the cinema, the film had already begun.
While the film was playing, the arrived at the cinema.
3. The pupils answered the test right away. They received the test.
As soon as they received the test, the pupils answered right away.
After they received the test, the pupils answered the test right away.
Anak Agung IDS

XII MIPA 2/03