A PROJECT REPORT

ON

ELECTRICAL DIAGRAMS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We Wish to express our profound and sincere gratitude to our

guide Prof. Kumbhar. N. V. who guided us into the intricacies of this
micro-project non-chalantly with matchless magnanimity. We are
indebted to his constant encouragement, cooperation and help. It was his
enthusiastic support that helped us in overcoming the various obstacles
in this project.

We would also like to express our thankfulness to our beloved

principal H.O.D. and other faculty members of our fourth Year
Department for extending their support and motivation.

Finally, we would be failing in our duty, if we don’t acknowledge

the cooperation rendered during various stages of this micro-project.

THANK YOU…!!!!
 CONTENTS
 Abstract

 Introduction

 Types of Diagram

 Table of Electrical Symbols

 Advantages

 Disadvantages

 Conclusion

 References
 ABSTRACT
In Electrical and Electronics Engineering, we use different types of
drawings or diagrams to represent a certain electrical system or circuit.
These electrical circuits are represented by lines to represent wires
and symbols or icons to represent electrical and electronic components.
It helps in better understanding the connection between different
components. Electricians rely on electrical floor plan (which is also an
electrical diagram) for doing any building wiring.

Engineers use various types of electrical drawings to highlight

certain aspects of the system but the physical circuit and its function still
remains the same. Some of these electrical drawings or diagrams
decribed in this project
 INTRODUCTION

A wiring diagram is a simplified conventional pictorial

representation of an electrical circuit. It shows the components of the
circuit as simplified shapes, and the power and signal connections
between the devices.

A wiring diagram usually gives information about the relative

position and arrangement of devices and terminals on the devices, to
help in building or servicing the device. This is unlike a schematic
diagram, where the arrangement of the components' interconnections on
the diagram usually does not correspond to the components' physical
locations in the finished device.

A pictorial diagram would show more detail of the physical

appearance, whereas a wiring diagram uses a more symbolic notation to
emphasize interconnections over physical appearance.
 A wiring diagram is often used to troubleshoot problems and to
make sure that all the connections have been made and that everything is
present.

TYPES OF DIAGRAM
BLOCK DIAGRAM

A diagram of a system in which the principal parts or functions are

represented by blocks connected by lines that show the relationships of
the blocks.
 CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
A simplified conventional graphical representation of an electrical
circuit.
 LINE DIAGRAM
A one-line diagram or single-line diagram is a simplified notation
for representing an electrical system. The one-line diagram is similar to
a block diagram except that electrical elements such as switches, circuit
breakers, transformers, and capacitors are shown by standardized
schematic symbols.

PICTORIAL DIAGRAM
A diagram that represents the elements of a system using abstract,
graphic drawings or realistic pictures.

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
A diagram that uses lines to represent the wires and symbols to
represent components. It is used to show how the circuit functions.
 WIRING DIAGRAM
A simplified conventional pictorial representation of an electrical
circuit. It shows the components of the circuit as simplified shapes, and
how to make the connections between the devices. A wiring diagram
usually gives more information about the relative position and
arrangement of devices and terminals on the devices.

TABLE OF ELECTRICAL SYMBOL

Symbo
Component name Meaning
l

Wire Symbols
Electrical Wire Conductor of electrical current

Connected Wires Connected crossing

Not Connected Wires Wires are not connected

Switch Symbols and Relay Symbols

SPST Toggle Switch Disconnects current when open

SPDT Toggle Switch Selects between two connections

Pushbutton Switch (N.O) Momentary switch - normally open

Pushbutton Switch (N.C) Momentary switch - normally closed

DIP Switch DIP switch is used for onboard configuration

SPST Relay
Relay open / close connection by an
electromagnet
SPDT Relay

Jumper Close connection by jumper insertion on pins.

Solder Bridge Solder to close connection

Ground Symbols
 Used for zero potential reference and electrical
Earth Ground
shock protection.

Chassis Ground Connected to the chassis of the circuit

Digital / Common Ground  

Resistor Symbols

Resistor (IEEE)

Resistor reduces the current flow.

Resistor (IEC)

Potentiometer (IEEE)

Adjustable resistor - has 3 terminals.

Potentiometer (IEC)

Variable Resistor /
Rheostat (IEEE)
Adjustable resistor - has 2 terminals.
Variable Resistor /
Rheostat (IEC)

Trimmer Resistor Preset resistor

Thermal resistor - change resistance when

Thermistor
temperature changes

Photoresistor / Light dependent Photo-resistor - change resistance with light

resistor (LDR) intensity change

Capacitor Symbols
Capacitor
Capacitor is used to store electric charge. It acts
as short circuit with AC and open circuit with DC.
Capacitor

Polarized Capacitor Electrolytic capacitor

Polarized Capacitor Electrolytic capacitor

Variable Capacitor Adjustable capacitance

Inductor / Coil Symbols

Inductor Coil / solenoid that generates magnetic field

Iron Core Inductor Includes iron

Variable Inductor  

Power Supply Symbols

Voltage Source Generates constant voltage

Current Source Generates constant current.

AC Voltage Source AC voltage source

Electrical voltage is generated by mechanical

Generator
rotation of the generator
Battery Cell Generates constant voltage

Battery Generates constant voltage

Generates voltage as a function of voltage or

Controlled Voltage Source
current of other circuit element.

Generates current as a function of voltage or

Controlled Current Source
current of other circuit element.

Meter Symbols
Measures voltage. Has very high resistance.
Voltmeter
Connected in parallel.

Measures electric current. Has near zero

Ammeter
resistance. Connected serially.

Ohmmeter Measures resistance

Wattmeter Measures electric power

Lamp / Light Bulb Symbols

Lamp / light bulb

Lamp / light bulb Generates light when current flows through

Lamp / light bulb

 ADVANTAGES

1 Electrical drawings are absolutely crucial for documenting,

troubleshooting, and communicating information about your power
systems on your site.

2 They can help to ensure your system runs smoothly, efficiently, and
most importantly safely.

3. It shows the components of the circuit as simplified shapes, and the

power and signal connections between the devices.

4. A wiring diagram usually gives information about the relative position

and arrangement of devices and terminals on the devices.
 APPLICATIONS

1. Electric circuit diagrams use symbols to represent the parts of a

circuit
2. They show you how to connect the circuit and make it work.
3. used to determine the current in different parts of the circuit.
 CONCLUSION

Understanding circuit symbols and components is another one of

the basic building blocks needed to become an electrician. Electrician
misinterprets a drawing or diagram when wiring a house; devices could
be incorrectly installed or even missed altogether.
 REFERENCE

1 .https://www.lopol.org/article/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-
computer-aided-design-cad-over-manual-drafting.

2.http://www.simplecad.com/how-to-draw-electrical-circuits.htm.

3.https://www.autodesk.in/solutions/electrical-drawing.

4.https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_drawing