CONSOLIDATION

Change in Change in change in change in

time Dial gauge height from Initial ht. height from Final ht. initial void void ratio void ratio
(minutes) reading initial (mm) (mm) last (mm) (mm) ratio from initial from last final void
reading reading ratio
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
0 3607 0 12.212 0 12.212 1.6077 0.0000 0.0000 1.6077
0.1 3563 0.088 12.212 0.088 12.124 1.6077 0.0188 0.0188 1.5889
0.25 3562 0.09 12.124 0.002 12.122 1.5889 0.0192 0.0004 1.5885
0.5 3558 0.098 12.122 0.008 12.114 1.5885 0.0209 0.0017 1.5867
0.75 3555 0.104 12.114 0.006 12.108 1.5867 0.0222 0.0013 1.5855
1 3554 0.106 12.108 0.002 12.106 1.5855 0.0226 0.0004 1.5850
2 3547 0.12 12.106 0.014 12.092 1.5850 0.0256 0.0030 1.5820
3 3543 0.128 12.092 0.008 12.084 1.5820 0.0273 0.0017 1.5803
4 3539 0.136 12.084 0.008 12.076 1.5803 0.0290 0.0017 1.5786
5 3536 0.142 12.076 0.006 12.07 1.5786 0.0303 0.0013 1.5774
6 3534 0.146 12.07 0.004 12.066 1.5774 0.0312 0.0009 1.5765
7 3532 0.15 12.066 0.004 12.062 1.5765 0.0320 0.0009 1.5756
8 3530 0.154 12.062 0.004 12.058 1.5756 0.0329 0.0009 1.5748
9 3526 0.162 12.058 0.008 12.05 1.5748 0.0346 0.0017 1.5731
10 3525 0.164 12.05 0.002 12.048 1.5731 0.0350 0.0004 1.5727
15 3518 0.178 12.048 0.014 12.034 1.5727 0.0380 0.0030 1.5697
30 3506 0.202 12.034 0.024 12.01 1.5697 0.0431 0.0051 1.5645
45 3499 0.216 12.01 0.014 11.996 1.5645 0.0461 0.0030 1.5615
60 3494 0.226 11.996 0.01 11.986 1.5615 0.0483 0.0021 1.5594
120 3484 0.246 11.986 0.02 11.966 1.5594 0.0525 0.0043 1.5551
240 3477 0.26 11.966 0.014 11.952 1.5551 0.0555 0.0030 1.5522
480 3467 0.28 11.952 0.02 11.932 1.5522 0.0598 0.0043 1.5479
1440 3458 0.298 11.932 0.018 11.914 1.5479 0.0636 0.0038 1.5440
 Steps for calculations
Column 1: Will be obtained from the experiment
Column 2: Will be obtained from the experiment
Column 3: (Initial dial gauge reading – Dial gauge reading for any time t) x LC
Example: Value in Column 3 when t is 5 minutes
= (3607-3536)x0.002 mm = 0.142 mm
Column 4: Initial height for any time t is equal to final height of the previous time
Example: Initial height when t is 5 minutes will be the final height for
t= 4 minutes
Column 5: Change in height from last = (Dial gauge reading of the previous time –
Dial gauge reading) x LC
Example: Change in height when t is 5 minutes = (3539-3536)x0.002 = 0.006
Column 6: Final height = Column 4 – Column 5
Column 7 : Initial void ratio = Final void ratio for the previous time interval
Initial void ratio when t = 0 is the void ratio of the compacted sample
Column 8: Change in void ratio from the initial reading, = ∆e = ∆H (1 + e )
H

Example: Change in void ratio from initial reading when t = 5 minutes

Value in column 3 (1+ Value in column 7 when t is 0 ) 0.142(1 + 1.6077)
= ∆e = = = 0.0303
Value in column 4 when t is 0 12.212

Column 9: Change in void ratio from the last reading, = ∆e = ∆H (1 + e )

H

Example: Change in void ratio from initial reading when t = 5 minutes

Value in column 5 (1+ Value in column 7 ) 0.006(1 + 1.5786)
= ∆e = = = 0.0013
Value in column 4 12.076

Column 10: Final void ratio for time t = Column 7 when t is 0 – Column 8 for t
= Column 7 – Column 9
Example: Final void ratio when t is 5 minutes = 1.6077 -0.0303 =1.5774
= 1.5786 -0.0013 =1.5773
Note: Since both the method will give the same result, you can choose either of
these two methods and skipped the corresponding columns
 wt of bulk
Ht. of ring dia of ring volume in wt of ring ring+soil in water density in dry density degree of
in cm in cm cc in gm gm wt of soil contnet gm/cc (gm/cc) void ratio saturation
2 6 56.54867 325.12 403.03 78 110 1.379343 0.65683 2.638689 99.6328

Initial dial Final dial Change in

Pressure gauge gauge dial gauge Change in Initial Final height Change in Final void
(kg/cm2) reading reading reading height (mm) height (mm) (mm) void ratio ratio
0.05 3350 3371 21 0.42 20 19.58 0.0764 2.5616

0.1 3371 3391 41 0.82 19.58 18.76 0.1492 2.4888

0.2 3391 3431 81 1.62 18.76 17.14 0.2947 2.3433

0.4 3431 3482 132 2.64 17.14 14.5 0.4802 2.1578

0.8 3482 3563 213 4.26 14.5 10.24 0.7749 1.8631

1.6 3563 3645 295 5.9 10.24 4.34 1.0732 1.5648

3.2 3645 3711 361 7.22 4.34 -2.88 1.3133 1.3247

6.4 3711 3752 402 8.04 -2.88 -10.92 1.4625 1.1755

12.8 3752 3782 432 8.64 -10.92 -19.56 1.5716 1.0664

Void ratio