DBMS Architecture

Overview

This module discusses the underlying reasons on the importance of studying Information
Management. It also includes discussion on operation of information management, database
design, data modeling, SQL, and implementation using relational database system.

The module includes exercises that will allow you to reflect on previous understandings of
programming languages and construct an informed appreciation of its significance in the field of
information technology.

Objectives

After working on this module, you will be able to:

 explain the Database Management System Concept and Architecture
 discuss the 3 Database Schema and Data independence
 identify the different DBMS Language
 understand the ER model concept
 design an ER diagrams
 understand the Relational model concept
 recognize the importance of functional dependency and inference rule
 apply normalization in database designing
 understand the transparency property and the state of transaction in DBMS

Client/Server Architecture
Client Module

 a user workstation or personal computer

 Typically, application programs and user interfaces that access the database run in the
client module

Server Module

 typically handles data storage, access, search, and other functions

Data Models

 a collection of concepts that can be used to describe the structure of a database

 by the structure, means the data types, relationships, and constraints that should hold on
the data

 also includes basic operations for specifying retrievals and updates on the database
Three Level Architecture of DBMS

External or View Level

 concerned with the user

 allows to see only the data that interest to user

 Users, such as application programmers or end users

Conceptual Level

 describes what data are actually stored in the database

 there is only one conceptual view for a single database

 it uses concepts such as entities, attributes and relationships

o entity - e.g. employee, customers, students

o attribute - describes an entity (e.g. student's name, age, course)

o relationships - association among entities

Internal or Physical Level

 describes how the data are physically stored

  describes the complete details of data storage and access paths for the database

 describes the actual storage of the data on the disk in the form of records or block
Mapping - is the key for providing data independence

 Data independence - is the capacity to change the schema at one level without having
to change the schema at the next higher level
o Two types of data independence

 Logical data independence

 Physical data independence
Logical Data Independence

 provided by external/conceptual mapping

 ability to modify conceptual schema without changing external views or application

programs
Example

 adding a data item to schema

 adding PROJECT table to the SUPPLIER-PARTS database

Physical Data Independence

 provided by conceptual/internal mapping

 ability to modify internal or physical schema without changing conceptual or view level
schema or application programs
Achieving logical data independence is more difficult that physical data independence

Database Language

 DQL - Data Query Language

 DML - Data Manipulation Language

 DDL - Data Definition Language

 DCL - Data Control Language

DQL

 Statements that query the database but do not alter any data or database objects
Example
 SELECT * FROM table
DML

 Statements that modify data stored in database objects (that is, tables)
Example
INSERT INTO table (col1, col2) VALUES (val1, val2)
UPDATE table SET col1=val1, col2=val2 WHERE condition
DELETE FROM table WHERE condition
DDL

 Statements that create and modify database objects

 it manages the data containers

Example
CREATE TABLE table_name(col1 datatype, col2 datatype)
DROP TABLE table_name
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD col_name datatype
DCL

 Statements that manage privileges that database users have regarding the database
objects
Example
GRANT privilege_name ON obj_name TO role_name
REVOKE privilege_name ON obj_name FROM role_name

Activity 2:
Name: ____April P. Vasquez______________ Date: ___09/27/2020____
Student No.: ____201901-139_____________ Year & Sec.: _BSCS 2B__

Essay: Does information management change the way we do things in the modern world and
why?
Activity 2:
Name: ____April P. Vasquez______________ Date: _____________
Student No.: ____201901-139_____________ Year & Sec.: _BSCS 2B__

Essay: Does Information Management System have an important role in our society and why?