Edition

Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Applications of the Principle of Work and Energy
• Wish to determine velocity of pendulum bob
at A2. Consider work & kinetic energy.
(Assume
 bob is at rest in A1)
• Force P acts normal to path and does no
work.
T1  U12  T2
1W 2
0  Wl  v2
2 g
v2  2 gl

• Velocity found without determining

expression for acceleration and integrating.

• All quantities are scalars and can be added

directly.

• Forces which do no work are eliminated from

the problem.
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 - 11
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Applications of the Principle of Work and Energy
• Principle of work and energy cannot be
applied to directly determine the acceleration
of the pendulum bob.

• Calculating the tension in the cord requires

supplementing the method of work and energy
with an application of Newton’s second law.

• As the bob passes through A2

,

F  ma n n
W v22
P W 
g l
W 2 gl
P W   3W
v2  2 gl g l

W is the weight of the particle

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 - 12

Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Power and Efficiency
• Power  rate at which work is done. (Note F is const.)
 
dU F  dr
 
dt dt
 
 F v
• Dimensions of power are work/time or force*velocity.
Units for power are
J m ft  lb
1 W (watt)  1  1 N  or 1 hp  550  746 W
s s s

•   efficiency
output wor k

input work
power output

power input

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Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 13.1
SOLUTION:
• Evaluate the change in kinetic energy.
• Determine the distance required for the
work to equal the kinetic energy change.

An automobile weighing 4000 lb is

driven down a 5o incline at a speed of
60 mi/h when the brakes are applied
causing a constant total breaking force
of 1500 lb.
Determine the distance traveled by the
automobile as it comes to a stop.

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 - 14

Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 13.1
SOLUTION: :rem. U1-2 = T2 – T1
• Evaluate the change in kinetic energy.
 mi  5280 ft  h 
v1   60     88 ft s
 h  mi  3600 s 
T1  12 mv12  12 4000 32.2882  481000 ft  lb

v2  0 T2  0
• Determine the distance required for the work to
equal the kinetic energy change.
U12   1500 lbx  4000 lbsin 5x
 1151lbx
T1  U12  T2
481000 ft  lb  1151lbx  0
x  418 ft
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 - 15
Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 13.2
SOLUTION: :rem. U1-2 = T2 – T1
• Apply the principle of work and
energy separately to blocks A and B.

• When the two relations are combined,

the work of the cable forces cancel.
Solve for the velocity.
Two blocks are joined by an inextensible
cable as shown. If the system is released
from rest, determine the velocity of block
A after it has moved 2 m. Assume that
the coefficient of friction between block
A and the plane is mk = 0.25 and that the
pulley is weightless and frictionless.

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 - 16

Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 13.2
SOLUTION:
• Apply the principle of work and energy separately
to blocks A and B.
 
W A  200 kg  9.81 m s 2  1962 N
FA  m k N A  m k W A  0.251962 N   490 N
T1  U12  T2 :
0  FC 2 m   FA 2 m   12 m Av 2

FC 2 m   490 N 2 m   12 200 kg v 2

 
WB  300 kg  9.81 m s 2  2940 N
T1  U12  T2 :
0  Fc 2 m   WB 2 m   12 mB v 2

 Fc 2 m   2940 N 2 m   12 300 kg v 2

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 - 17

Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 13.2
• When the two relations are combined, the work of the
cable forces cancel. Solve for the velocity.
FC 2 m   490 N 2 m   12 200 kg v 2

 Fc 2 m   2940 N 2 m   12 300 kg v 2

2940 N 2 m   490 N 2 m   12 200 kg  300 kg v 2

4900 J  12 500 kg v 2

v  4.43 m s

© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 - 18

Edition
Eighth
Vector Mechanics for Engineers: Dynamics
Sample Problem 13.3
SOLUTION:
• Apply the principle of work and energy
between the initial position and the
point at which the spring is fully
compressed and the velocity is zero.
A spring is used to stop a 60 kg package The only unknown in the relation is the
which is sliding on a horizontal surface. friction coefficient.
The spring has a constant k = 20 kN/m
and is held by cables so that it is initially • Apply the principle of work and energy
compressed 120 mm. The package has a for the rebound of the package. The
velocity of 2.5 m/s in the position shown only unknown in the relation is the
and the maximum deflection of the spring velocity at the final position.
is 160 mm.
Determine (a) the coefficient of kinetic
friction between the package and surface
and (b) the velocity of the package as it
passes again through the position shown.
© 2007 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 - 19