Chemical Engineering Calculations 1

Problem Set 1 - Introduction

NAME ___________________________________

1. Given 2500 g of ammonium phosphomolybdate (APM), (NH 4)3PO4.12MoO3.3H2O, calculate:

a) g-mol of APM b) kg-mol MoO3 c) g-mol (NH4)3PO4 d) g-atorn P e) kg-atom O f) kg H2O g) g Mo h) kg-mol H2

2. Given 100 g-mol of molybdotellurate: 3(NH4)2O.2TeO3.6MoO3.10H2O, calculate: a) kg molybdotellurate b)

kg-mol TeO3 c) kg H2 d) kg H e) H2O molecules f) lb Te g) lb-atom Te h) Te atoms

3. Given 200 kg of W03 that can be obtained from Cesium silicotungstate, 4Cs 2O.SiO2.12WO3.8H2O, calculate: a)
kg of Cesium silicotungstate b) kg-atom Cs c) kg SiO 2 d) g of O e) no. of Cs atoms

4. Given 1 tonne of a mixture of 70% malachite, CuCO 3.Ca(OH)2 and 30% emerald green,
Cu(C2H3O2)2.3 CuAs2O4, calculate the weight of Cu that can be obtained.

5. In the following table are listed various aqueous solutions. For one or more of the solutions assigned from
the table, report the composition in the following ways:
a) Weight Percent f) g solute per 1000 mL of solution at 20oC
b) Mole Percent g) Molarity at 20oC
c) kg solute/kg solvent h) Molality
d) kg moles solute/kg solvent i) Normality at 20°C
e) g solute per 100 mL of solution at 80 oC j) ppm of solute

Solute Composition of Solution Density, g/mL

20oC 80oC
HCl Wt% HCl = 25% 1.149 1.115
H2SO4 mole% H2SO4 = 40 1.681 1.625
NH4NO3 kg-mol NH4NO3/kg H2O=2.0 1.226 1.187
MgCl2 Molarity=4.0 at 20oC 1.269 1.245
LiCl Molality = 100 1.179 1.158
KCl Normality = 2.7 at 80oC 1.118 1.088

6. It is desired to prepare an aqueous solution containing 20% by weight CuSO 4. a) How much blue vitriol
(CuSO4.5H2O) crystals must be added to 2.0 L of water at 30 oC? b) Calculate the volume of solution formed in
m3/m3 of water used at 30oC. c) Find the composition of the solution in mol %, vol%, molarity, molality.
Ρwater = 0.996 g/mL ρsolution = 1.2 g/mL

7. Some ionic components of seawater are given in the following table:

Cation Wt% Anion Wt%
Na 1.06 Cl 1.9
Mg 0.13 S04 0.26
Ca 0.04 HCO3 0.01
K 0.04 Br 0.006S
Sr 0.01 F 0.0001

a) If the specific gravity of sea water is 1.03, what is the composition of the ions in ppm?
b) How much Mg(OH)2 and NaCl could be recovered from a cubic km of seawater?

8.a) A solution has a gravity of 900 Tw. Calculate its specific gravity and its gravity in degree Baume.
b) An oil has a specific gravity at 150/15oC of 0.81. Calculate its gravity in degree API and degree
Baume.

9. The following reaction starts with 500 g of KMnO 4. Using stoichiometric amounts of the other reactants,
calculate the amounts of products formed. Illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Mo2O3 + KMnO4 + H2SO4 = MoO3 + K2SO4 + MnSO4 + H2O

10. How many grams of chromic sulfide will be formed from 1.5 kg of chromic oxide according to the reaction?
Cr2O3 + CS2 = Cr2S3 + CO2
11. How many metric tons of charcoal is required to reduce 1500 kg of arsenic trioxide?
AS2O3 + C = CO + As

12. Illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass in the following reaction that will produce 20 kg of I 2:
KMnO4 + H2SO4 +KI =MnSO4 + K2SO4 + I2 + H2O

13. The Le Blanc Process for the manufacture of soda ash encompasses the four steps:
NaCl + H2SO4 = NaHSO4 + HCl
NaHSO4 + NaCl = Na2SO4 + HCl
Na2SO4 + C = Na2S + CO2
Na2S + CaCO3 = Na2CO3 + CaS
How many tonnes of soda ash are produced per 5 tonnes of salt? How many kg of C are required?

14. Kaolinite clays are produced from the weathering of igneous rocks of which feldspar is a good
example:
K2O. Al2O3.6SiO2 + CO2 + H2O = K2CO3 + Al2O3.2SiO2.2H2O + SiO2
How many tonnes of kaolinite clay are derived from a tonne of feldspar?

15. In the reaction: As2O3 + H2O + I2 = As2O5 + HI, 300 g of As2O3 is added to 400 g of I2 and 50 g of H2O.
a) Find the limiting and excess reactants.
b) What are the % excess reactants?
c) If 160g of As2O5 is formed, what is the degree of completion?
d) Illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass for the reaction.

16. Liquid n-pentane weighing 108 grams is burned with 570 grams of O2.
a) Which is the limiting reactant? Excess reactant?
b) What is the % excess reactant?
c) If the reaction goes to 90% completion, illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass.

17. 1000 kg of calcium phosphate is made to react with 10% excess silica, SiO 2 and 90% excess carbon to
produce 100 kg of phosphorous. The other products are calcium silicate and carbon dioxide.
a) What is the degree of completion of the reaction?
b) Illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass.

18. In the reaction:

KMnO4 + HCl = Cl2 + MnCl2 + KCl + H2O
3.7 liters of an 86% by wt HCl solution with a specific gravity of 1.134 is made to react with 1.5 kg of KMnO 4.
Assuming the reaction is 85% complete:
a) Which is the limiting reactant? Excess reactant?
b) Find the % excess reactant
c) Give the composition by weight of the materials after reaction.

19. A 10 N aqueous sulfuric acid solution (30 0 Tw) is made to react with a 55% aqueous NaOH solution (64 0Be,
heavier than water) to form 135 g of Na 2SO4 per J 00 mL NaOH solution. The volume ratio of the acid solution to
the base solution is 2: 1. Find:
a) the Limiting reactant; excess reactant
b) % excess reactant
c) Degree or completion and
d) % composition by weight of the materials after reaction.

20. Aluminum sulfate can be made by reacting crushed bauxite ore with sullfuric acid, according to the
following equation:
Al2O3 + H2SO4 = Al2(SO4)3 + H2O

The bauxite ore contains 55.4% by weight of aluminium oxide, the remainder being impurities. The sulfuric acid
solution contains 77.7% pure sulfuric acid, the remainder being water. To produce crude aluminium sulfate
containing 1798 lb of pure aluminium sulfate, 1080 lb of bauxite ore and 2510 lb of sulfuric acid solution are
needed.
a) Identify the excess reactant and limiting reactant.
b) What percentage of the excess reactant was consumed?
c) What was the degree of completion of the reaction?
d) Illustrate the Law of Conservation of Mass.
Answers to Problems
1. a) 1.2950 g-mol APM b) 0.0155 g-mol MoO 3 c) 1.2950 g-mol (NH4)3PO4 d) 1.2950 g-atomP e) 0.0557 kg-
atom O f) 0.0699 kg H2O g) 1490.9090 g Mo h) 1.1655x 10-2 kg-mol H2

2. a) 155.0840 kg molybdotellurate b) 0.20 kg-mol TeO 3 c) 4.4 kg H2 d) 4.4 kg H e) 6.02 x 1026 H2O molecules
f) 56.21 lb Te g) 0.4405 lb-atom Te h) 1.204 x 10 26 Te atoms

3. a) 295.7031 kg cesium silicotungstate b) 0.571 kg-atom Cs c) 4.3193 kg SiO 2 d) 5.75 x 104 g O

e) 3.4620 x 1026 Cs atoms

4. 477.6250 kg Cu

5.

Required HCl solution H2SO4 NH4NO3 MgCl2 LiCl KCl

Concentration solution solution solution solution solution
a) Weight 25 %
Percent
b) Mole 14.1177 40 %
Percent
c) kg 0.3333
solute/kg
solvent
d) kg moles 9.1315 x 10-3 2.0
solute/kg
solvent
e) g solute 27.875
per 100 mL of
solution at
80oC
f) g solute per 287.27
1000 mL of
solution at
20oC
g) Molarity at 7.8704 4
20oC
h) Molality 9.1324 100

i) Normality 7.8704 N (80oC)=2.7

at 20°C

j) ppm of 250,000
solute

6. a) 906. 6254 g blue vitriol b) 1.2078 m 3 final solution/m3 H2O used c) 3.1778 mol% , 3.6145 vol%,
1.5037 M, 1.5601 m

7. a) 10,600 ppm Na+ b) kg NaCl = 2.775 x 1012 kg; kg Mg(OH)2 = 3.2117 x 109 kg

8. a) G = 1.45, oBe = 45 b) oAPI = 43.1914, oBe = 42.8395

9. 5 Mo2O3 + 6 KMnO4 + 9 H2SO4  10 MoO3 + 3K2SO4 + 6 MnSO4 + 9H2O

632.45 g Mo2O3 500 g KMnO4 465.39 g H2SO4 759 g MoO3 275.67 g K2SO4 477.75 g MnSO4 85.42 g H2O

1597.84 g
1597.84 g

10. g Cr2S3 = 1975.4605 g

11. 0.6396 MT

12. Total Mass Reacted = Total Mass Produced = 43508.9041 g

13. a) 4.53 tonnes Na2CO3 b) 1026.72 kg C

14. 0.4637 tonnes

15. a) LR = I2, ER = As2O3, H2O b) 92.4282% excess As2O3 and 76.2487 % excess H2O c) Deg of Compln = 88%

16. a) LR = C5H12 ER = O2 b) 48.4375% excess O2

17. a) Degree of completion = 50.08% b) kg entering = kg leaving = 1387.3075 kg

18. a) LR = KMnO4 ER = HCl

b) % excess HCl = 30.38 %
c) 25.11% Cl2, 17.82% MnCl2, 10.56% KCl, 20.51% H2O, 3.95% KMnO4, 22.05% HCl

19. a) LR = H2SO4 ER = NaOH b) 23.0625% c) 95.0704% d) %Na 2SO4 = 34.5666%

20. a) LR=Al2O3 ER=H2SO4 b) % of the ER consumed (reacted) = 79.2703% c) 89.5456%

d) Mass in = Mass out = 3,590 lb (calculate the total product mixture)