SQL Cheat Sheet - PostgreSQL - ​www.databasestar.

com

SELECT Modifying Data MERGE:

INSERT INTO table_name (col1, col2...)
SELECT col1, col2
INSERT: VALUES (val1, val2)...
FROM table
INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2...) ON CONFLICT (identifier_column) (DO
WHERE condition
VALUES (val1, val2); UPDATE
GROUP BY cols
SET col2 = EXCLUDED.val2|DO NOTHING)
HAVING condition INSERT From Table:
ORDER BY col; INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2…) Joins
SELECT col1, col2…
Order of Processing SELECT t1.*, t2.*
UPDATE: FROM t1
1. FROM
UPDATE tablename SET col1 = val1 join_type t2 ON t1.col = t2.col;
2. JOIN
3. WHERE WHERE condition;
INNER JOIN: show all matching records in both
4. GROUP BY tables.
DELETE:
5. HAVING
DELETE FROM tablename WHERE condition;
6. SELECT LEFT JOIN: show all records from left table, and any
7. DISTINCT TRUNCATE: matching records from right table.
8. ORDER BY TRUNCATE TABLE tablename;
9. LIMIT RIGHT JOIN: show all records from right table, and
UPDATE with Join: any matching records from left table.
SELECT Keywords UPDATE t
FULL JOIN: show all records from both tables,
SET col1 = val1
DISTINCT: Removes duplicate results whether there is a match or not.
FROM tablename t
INNER JOIN table x ON t.id = x.tid CROSS JOIN: show all combinations of records from
BETWEEN: Matches a value between two other
WHERE condition; both tables.
values (inclusive)
INSERT Multiple Rows: SELF JOIN: join a table to itself. Used for hierarchical
IN: Matches a value to one of many values
INSERT INTO tablename (col1, col2…) data.
LIKE: Performs partial/wildcard matches VALUES (valA1, valB1), (valA2, valB2), SELECT p.*, c.*
(valA3, valB3); FROM yourtable p
INNER JOIN yourtable c ON p.id =
c.parent_id;
 SQL Cheat Sheet - PostgreSQL - ​www.databasestar.com

Create Table Modify Column Set Operators

ALTER TABLE tablename ALTER COLUMN
Create Table:
columnname TYPE newdatatype; UNION: Shows unique rows from two result sets.
CREATE TABLE tablename (
column_name data_type Rename Column UNION ALL: Shows all rows from two result sets.
); ALTER TABLE tablename RENAME COLUMN
currentname TO newname; INTERSECT: Shows rows that exist in both result
Create Table WIth Constraints: sets.
CREATE TABLE tablename ( Add Constraint
column_name data_type NOT NULL, ALTER TABLE tablename ADD CONSTRAINT EXCEPT: Shows rows that exist in the first result set
CONSTRAINT pkname PRIMARY KEY (col), constraintname constrainttype (columns); but not the second.
CONSTRAINT fkname FOREIGN KEY (col)
REFERENCES Drop Constraint Analytic Functions
other_table(col_in_other_table), ALTER TABLE tablename DROP function_name ( arguments ) OVER (
CONSTRAINT ucname UNIQUE (col), constraint_type constraintname; [query_partition_clause]
CONSTRAINT ckname CHECK (conditions) [ORDER BY order_by_clause
); Rename Table
[windowing_clause] ] )
ALTER TABLE tablename RENAME TO
Drop Table: newtablename; Example using RANK, showing the student details
DROP TABLE tablename; and their rank according to the fees_paid, grouped by
Indexes gender:
Create Temporary Table:
Create Index: SELECT
CREATE TEMP TABLE tablename (colname
CREATE INDEX indexname ON tablename student_id, first_name, last_name,
datatype);
(cols); gender, fees_paid,
RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY gender ORDER
Drop Index: BY fees_paid) AS rank_val
Alter Table
DROP INDEX indexname; FROM student;
Add Column
ALTER TABLE tablename ADD COLUMN CASE Statement
columnname datatype;
Simple Case:
Drop Column CASE name
ALTER TABLE tablename DROP COLUMN WHEN 'John' THEN 'Name John'
columnname; WHEN 'Steve' THEN 'Name Steve'
ELSE 'Unknown'
END
 SQL Cheat Sheet - PostgreSQL - ​www.databasestar.com

Searched Case:
CASE Aggregate Functions REPLACE(whole_string, string_to_replace,
WHEN name='John' THEN 'Name John' replacement_string): Replaces one string inside the
WHEN name='Steve' THEN 'Name Steve' SUM: Finds a total of the numbers provided whole string with another string.
ELSE 'Unknown'
COUNT: Finds the number of records SUBSTRING(string, [start_pos], [length]): Returns
END
part of a value, based on a position and length.
AVG: Finds the average of the numbers provided
With Clause/Common Table Expression
WITH queryname AS ( MIN: Finds the lowest of the numbers provided
SELECT col1, col2
MAX: Finds the highest of the numbers provided
FROM firsttable)
SELECT col1, col2..
Common Functions
FROM queryname…;
LENGTH(string): Returns the length of the provided
Subqueries string
Single Row:
SELECT id, last_name, salary POSITION(string IN substring): Returns the position
FROM employee of the substring within the specified string.
WHERE salary = (
CAST(expression AS datatype): Converts an
SELECT MAX(salary)
expression into the specified data type.
FROM employee
); NOW: Returns the current date, including time.
Multi Row CEIL(input_val): Returns the smallest integer greater
SELECT id, last_name, salary than the provided number.
FROM employee
WHERE salary IN ( FLOOR(input_val): Returns the largest integer less
SELECT salary than the provided number.
FROM employee
WHERE last_name LIKE 'C%' ROUND(input_val, [round_to]): Rounds a number to a
); specified number of decimal places.

TRUNC(input_value, num_decimals): Truncates a

number to a number of decimals.