Definition of concrete, hydraulic cement, mortar, and grout

Q. What are concrete, hydraulic cement, mortar, and grout?

 

A. Concrete is a composite material that consists of a mixture of hydraulic cement, aggregates,

and water, with or without admixtures, fibers, or other cementitious materials.
Hydraulic cement is cement that sets and hardens by chemical reaction with water (hydration)
and is capable of doing so under water (ACI 225R). The hydration reactions result in the
formation of a hard solid mass. The most widely used hydraulic cement is portland cement.
Other kinds of hydraulic cement include blended cements and ground granulated blast-furnace
slag (ACI 233R). Pozzolans, both natural (ACI 232.1R) and artificial (fly ash, ACI 232.2R, and
silica fume, ACI 234R) are often used as a cementitious ingredient of concrete.
Mortar is a mixture of cement paste and fine aggregate; in fresh concrete, the material
occupying the interstices among particles of coarse aggregate; in masonry construction, joint
mortar may contain masonry cement, or may contain hydraulic cement with lime (and possibly
other admixtures) to afford greater plasticity and workability than are attainable with standard
portland cement mortar.
Grout is a mixture of cementitious materials and water, or other binding medium, with fine
aggregate.

 
How to Mix Your Own Concrete
by Don Vandervort, HomeTips © 1997 to 2020
July 25, 2020

 N
If you want to mix concrete yourself in small batches or you are unable to find a
company that will do it for you, you can rent an electric-powered concrete mixer.

Red Lion

Portable electric cement mixer. Courtesy Red Lion.

Transporting the sand, gravel, and bagged cement requires a pickup truck with a bed
that seals tight.

To mix your own concrete for footings and piers, use 1 part Portland cement, 2 parts
clean river sand, and 3 parts gravel (maximum of 1 inch diameter and specially
washed for concrete mixing). Add clean water, a little at a time, as you mix.

The concrete should be plastic, not runny. You can also use dry mix or transit mix,
which contain the same proportions of cement, sand, and gravel detailed above.
Tumble, adding water slowly for two to three minutes, and then pour. Concrete
hardens because the powder-like cement and water form an adhesive that binds the
sand and gravel together.

Too much water thins or dilutes this adhesive paste and weakens its cementing
qualities; too little makes it stiff and unworkable. If the batch is too stiff, add water one
cup at a time and continue mixing until it’s right. If it is too soupy, add small amounts
of sand and gravel. Keep in mind that concrete changes consistency radically when
you add even small amounts of any ingredient.

Preguntas para Definition of concrete y How to mix your own concrete

1. What are the basic components of concrete?

2. What is hydraulic cement?
3. What is the result of the hydration reaction?

4. What is the most used hydraulic cement?

5. What is mortar?
6. Name the components of joint mortar.
7. What is grout?
8. What machine do you use to mix concrete?

9. Name the dry materials you need to make concrete:

10. Name the proprtions of materials used to make concrete for peers?

11. How should the concrete be?

12. What happens if you add too much water or too little?

13. What do you do if the batch is too stiff?

 14. What do you do if the batch is too soupy?

15. What happens to concrete when you add even small amounts of any ingredient?

INSTRUCCIONES:

1. Traducir la lectura (Lo hace google). Uds. deben verificar que lo traducido en español tenga
sentido según su formación. Así que puede necesitar AJUSTES.
2. Contestar las preguntas de manera precisa y clara en inglés y en español. Si es muy larga la
respuesta probablemente no es precisa.
3. Crear diccionario técnico, con términos relacionados con CONSTRUCCION, en español con
traducción al inglés.