Violet (Viola odorata)

Medicinal and edible, the flowers and leaves of viola are made into a syrup used in alternative
medicine mainly for respiratory ailments associated with congestion, coughing, and sore throat.
Flowers are also edible and used as food additives for instance in salad, made into jelly, and
candied for decoration. Large doses of the root contain an alkaloid called violine which is emetic
(causing vomiting). A decoction made from the root (dry herb) is used as a laxative. Tea made
from the entire plant is used to treat digestive disorders and new research has detected the
presence of a glycoside of salicylic acid (natural aspirin) which substantiates its use for centuries
as a medicinal remedy for headache, body pains and as a sedative. The plants constituents are
being studied and show these uses to be valid. Eugenol, Ferulic-acid, Kaempferol, Quercetin,
Scopoletin, also show promise in the treatment of many kinds of cancer, arthritis, AIDS, gum
disease and more. Used externally the fresh crushed leaves reduce swelling and soothe
irritations. As a bath additive the fresh crushed flowers are soothing to the skin and the aroma is
very relaxing.

Chickweeds
Chickweeds are Medicinal and edible, they are very nutritious, high in vitamins and minerals, can
be added to salads or cooked as a pot herb, tasting somewhat like spinach. The major plant
constituents in Chickweed are Ascorbic-acid, Beta-carotene, Calcium, Coumarins, Genistein,
Gamma-linolenic-acid, Flavonoids, Hentriacontanol, Magnesium, Niacin, Oleic-acid, Potassium,
Riboflavin, Rutin, Selenium, Triterpenoid saponins, Thiamin, and Zinc. The whole plant is used in
alternative medicine as an astringent, carminative, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, laxative,
refrigerant, vulnerary. A decoction of the whole plant is taken internally as a post-partum
depurative, emmenagogue, galactogogue and circulatory tonic. It is also used to relieve
constipation, an infusion of the dried herb is used in coughs and hoarseness, and is beneficial in
the treatment of kidney complaints. as an astringent, carminative, demulcent, diuretic,
expectorant, laxative, refrigerant, vulnerary. A decoction of the whole plant is taken internally as a
post-partum depurative, emmenagogue, galactogogue and circulatory tonic. It is also used to
relieve constipation, an infusion of the dried herb is used in coughs and hoarseness, and is
beneficial in the treatment of kidney complaints. New research indicates it's use as an effective
antihistamine. The decoction is also used externally to treat rheumatic pains, wounds and ulcers.
It can be applied as a medicinal poultice and will relieve any kind of roseola and is effective
wherever there are fragile superficial veins or itching skin conditions.

Ground Ivy

Medicinal and edible, a light taste very agreeable in salads. Ground ivy is used in alternative
medicine and is an excellent spring tonic, it is an appetite stimulant. It contains a volatile oil which
aids in relieving congestion and inflammation of mucous membranes associated with colds, flu,
and sinusitis. It is Anti-allergenic, Antibacterial, Anti-flu, Antihistaminic, Anti-inflammatory,
Antioxidant, Antiseptic, Antispasmodic, Antiviral, Cancer-Preventive, Expectorant, Immuno-
stimulant, and Sedative. Ground ivy tea or juice is well tolerated and can be given to small
children. Some of the most valuable plant constituents are 1,8-cineole, alpha-pinene, apigenin,
beta-sitosterol, borneol, caffeic-acid, ferulic-acid, hyperoside, iodine, luteolin, menthol, oleanolic-
acid, rosmarinic-acid, rutin, ursolic-acid. Ground-Ivy is being studied for use in preventing
Leukemia, Bronchitis, Hepatitis, many kinds of cancer, and HIV. The fresh juice or a medicinal tea
is used to treat digestive disorders, gastritis, acid indigestion, and diarrhea. It is also beneficial for
liver and kidney function, said to relieve gravel and stones. Although results are not conclusive it
is being used as an antidote for lead poisoning. Added to bath as an emollient to soften skin and
has a sedative effect.
Plantain

Plantain is edible and medicinal, the young leaves are edible raw in salad or cooked as a pot
herb, they are very rich in vitamin B1 and riboflavin. The herb has a long history of use as an
alternative medicine dating back to ancient times. Being used as a panacea (medicinal for
everything) in some cultures, one American Indian name for the plant translates to "life medicine."
And recent research indicates that this name may not be far from true! The chemical analysis of
Plantgo Major reveals the remarkable glycoside Aucubin. Acubin has been reported in the
Journal Of Toxicology as a powerful anti-toxin. There are many more highly effective constituents
in this plant including Ascorbic-acid, Apigenin, Baicalein, Benzoic-acid, Chlorogenic-acid, Citric-
acid, Ferulic-acid, Oleanolic-acid, Salicylic-acid, and Ursolic-acid. The leaves and the seed are
medicinal used as an antibacterial, antidote, astringent, antiinflammatory, antiseptic, antitussive,
cardiac, demulcent, diuretic, expectorant, haemostatic, laxative, ophthalmic, poultice, refrigerant,
and vermifuge. Medical evidence exists to confirm uses as an alternative medicine for asthma,
emphysema, bladder problems, bronchitis, fever, hypertension, rheumatism and blood sugar
control. A decoction of the roots is used in the treatment of a wide range of complaints including
diarrhoea, dysentery, gastritis, peptic ulcers, irritable bowel syndrome, haemorrhage,
haemorrhoids, cystitis, bronchitis, catarrh, sinusitis, coughs, asthma and hay fever. It also causes
a natural aversion to tobacco and is currently being used in stop smoking preparations. Extracts
of the plant have antibacterial activity, it is a safe and effective treatment for bleeding, it quickly
stops blood flow and encourages the repair of damaged tissue. The heated leaves are used as a
wet dressing for wounds, skin inflammations, malignant ulcers, cuts, stings and swellings and
said to promote healing without scars. Poultice of hot leaves is bound onto cuts and wounds to
draw out thorns, splinters and inflammation. The root is said to be used as an anti-venom for
rattlesnakes bites. Plantain seeds contain up to 30% mucilage which swells in the gut, acting as a
bulk laxative and soothing irritated membranes. The seeds are used in the treatment of parasitic
worms. A distilled water made from the plant makes an excellent eye lotion.
 Polangui General Comprehensive
High School
Polangui Albay

IV-RUBY
SY:2010-2011

Submitted by: Submitted to:

DJ Jaucian Mrs. Vilma Nidua
Passionflower

Passionflower is edible and medicinal. edible, The delicious fruit and flowers can be eaten raw or
cooked in jellies, jams, young leaves are used as a cooked vegetable or eaten in salads. There is
scientific evidence of the medicinal constituents of this herb. Recent studies have pointed to the
flavonoids in passion flower as the primary constituents responsible for its relaxing and
antianxiety effects. Some of the plants constituents, Apigenin, Luteolin, Kaempferol, and
Quercetin, are being studied and showing promise in fighting Parkinson's Disease, Cancer, HIV,
Leukemia, and more. The leaves and stems are medicinal used as antispasmodic, astringent,
diaphoretic, hypnotic, narcotic, sedative, vasodilator and are also used in the treatment of
women's complaints. Passionflower is used as an alternative medicine in the treatment of
insomnia, nervous tension, irritability, neuralgia, irritable bowel syndrome, premenstrual tension
and vaginal discharges. An infusion of the plant depresses the motor nerves of the spinal cord,
making it very valuable in the treatment of back pain. The infusion is also sedative, slightly
reduces blood pressure and increases respiratory rate. The herb contains alkaloids and
flavonoids that are an effective non-addictive sedative that does not cause drowsiness. It is of
great service in epilepsy. The plant is not recommended for use during pregnancy. The dried herb
is much exported from America to Europe for use as an alternative medicine.

Yarrow
Yarrow is a very valuable medicinal herb, with much scientific evidence of use in alternative
medicine as an antiseptic, antispasmodic, astringent, carminative, diaphoretic, digestive,
emmenagogue, stimulant, and tonics, vasodilator and vulnerary. Yarrow is used against colds,
cramps, fevers, kidney disorders, toothaches, skin irritations, and hemorrhages, and to regulate
menses, stimulate the flow of bile, and purify the blood. Medicinal tea is a good remedy for severe
colds and flu, for stomach ulcers, amenorrhea, abdominal cramps, abscesses, trauma and
bleeding, and to reduce inflammation. The main constituents are volatile oils including linalool,
camphor, sabinene, and chamazulene, sesquiterpene lctones, flavanoids, alkaloids including
achilleine, polyacetylenes, triterpenes, salicylic acid, coumarins, and tannins which prove these
uses in alternative medicine to be effective. Extracts of yarrow exhibit antibiotic activity and may
also act as anti-neoplastic drugs. Externally for treating wounds and stopping the flow of blood.
Yarrow oil has been traditionally used in hair shampoos. Some caution is advised , large or
frequent doses taken over a long period may cause the skin to be more sensitive to sunlight.

Evening Primrose

Evening Primrose is edible and medicinal and has a long history of use as an alternative
medicine . The leaves are cooked and eaten as greens and the roots are said to be sweet
succulent and delicious when boiled like potatoes. Flowers are a sweet addition to salads or as a
garnish and young seedpods are Steamed. This plant was a staple food for many Native
American tribes. Formerly cultivated for its nutritious edible roots, it is being increasingly
cultivated for the oil contained in its seeds which contains certain the essential gamma-linoleinc
acid (GLA), a very valuable fatty acid that is not found in many plants and has numerous vital
functions in the body. GLA is an essential fatty acid that the body does not manufacture. This
fatty acid is known to help prevent hardening of the arteries, heart disease, eczema, cirrhosis,
rheumatoid arthritis, menopause, PMS, multiple sclerosis, and high blood pressure. It has a
positive effect on sex hormone response including the hormones estrogen and testosterone, aids
in lowering cholesterol levels, and is important in treating cirrhosis of the liver. Research also
demonstrates that primrose oil helps relieve pain and inflammation. The oil also has a positive
effect on the uterine muscles, nervous system and metabolism. The bark and the leaves are
astringent and sedative. They have proved of use in the treatment of gastro-intestinal disorders,
whooping cough and asthma. A tea made from the roots is used in the treatment of obesity. A
finely ground powder made from the flowering stems is used cosmetically in face-masks to
counteract reddened skins.
Red Clover

Red Clover is edible and medicinal, the young leaves and new flowers are harvested, and are
used in salads, soups, or as a pot herb. The sprouted seeds are edible in salads and have a crisp
texture and robust flavor. A delicate sweet and medicinal tea is made from the fresh or dried
flowers, it is alterative, antiscrofulous, antispasmodic, aperient, detergent, diuretic, expectorant,
sedative and tonic. Red Clover has also shown anticancer activity, poultices of the herb have
been used as local applications to cancerous growths. Internally, the Red Clover plant is used as
an alternative medicine for skin complaints such as eczema and psoriasis, cancers of the breast,
ovaries and lymphatic system, chronic degenerative diseases, gout, whooping cough and dry
coughs. Red clover is now involved in research for a certain medicinal alkaloid 'slaframine' which
is often found in diseased clover, this substance has shown antidiabetic and anti-AIDS activity.
 Polangui General Comprehensive
High School
Polangui Albay

IV-RUBY
SY:2010-2011

Submitted by: Submitted to:

Amelyn Abad Mrs. Vilma Nidua