Designation: C140 - 12 Standard Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units" “This saad ie esud under the fed designation C0 the number immediatly following de designation inate the yar of Tahal adoption rn the case af eso, te year f lst revision. A number in parentheses nike the year of ast reapproval. A ‘operat ein (6) indicates an sora change since te ast revision ce approval. 1. Scope* 1.1 These test methods provide various testing procedures commonly used for evalvsting characteristics of concrete ‘masonry units and related concrete units. Methods are provided for sampling, measurement of dimensions, compressive strength, absorption, unit weight (density), moisture content, flexural load, and ballast weight. Not all methods are appli- cable to all unit types, however. 1.2 Specific testing and reporting procedures are included in annexes to these test methods for the following specific unit types: sonex A1—Conert masonry nt (Speieatons C20, C129) ‘nex Ad—Conrly and calsum suoat oe {Gooctcatons C25, 7, C168) Aoton 0" Segrenal ing wa un (Spesiatoo C1572) snnox Cone iting paving ws (Spoarcaton Caes220N) Annex adConeret pong wits (Speciation C1215) Annex Ab—Coneret ol pov (peateaten C51) ‘ono ?—Dry est reusing coer Hck "Bpeofenton 384) 1.3 The test procedures included in these test methods are also applicable to other types of units not referenced in these test methods, but specific testing and reporting requirements for those units are not included. 1.4 These test methods include the following sections: ‘secton Scope Referenced Deoumonts Terminology Signifoanes an Use Sanoing ‘Measurement of Dmonsons (Compressive Strength ‘sorptn Catcustons Report Keywords "ese test methods under the jarniion of ASTM Commitee C15 on Manfactued Mascnry Units and ze the diet responsbiliy of Sbsommiter C1503 on Conerete Maronty Units and Related Units. ‘Cuvet elton approved Feb 1, 2012. Pablished Febery 2012, Orgy approve in 1938, Lat prosius eon approved i 2011 as CH40~ Ila. DOM: 10.152010014012. Annoxae Tost Procedures Corerate Masonry Unis annex Cconerate and Gala Sa Aer cae orck ne ‘Segnoral Retaining nes ‘Wall Unis S ‘conerteIntrocking Paving Unis soex Coverta Gre Paving Aone tunes a concrete Ret Pav: Amex oe ne Dyecast aricultng Annes ‘Concrte Block "7 Determning Pato Treknoss Annex Requramert for m8 Comoressinn Tasting Weoekehoat ane Test port for Apper: ‘Coreete Masoney Unis a [Nore I—The testing laboratory performing these test methods shou! be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1083 1.5 ‘The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regardec as the standard, except in Annex Ad, where either SI units inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Th: values given in parentheses throughout are mathematic conversions to SI units that are provided for information onl: ‘and are not considered standard. 1.6 This standard does not purport 10 address ail of ti safety concems, if any, associated with tis use. It is th responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro priate safety and health practices and determine the applica bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2 ASTM Standards:? (C55 Specification for Concrete Building Brick 3 Specification for Calcium Silicate Brick (Sand-Lim Brick) > or referoced ASTM stands, vst the ASTM website, warastm.og conta ASTM Customer Service at sorvise asc. For Annual Book of AST Standards volume infcrmaon few he standards Document Sommary page the ASTM website A Summary of Changes section appears atthe end ofthis standard, conyctt © AST Hrs 10 Ba Hor Dive, PO Bex C70, Meet Concho, PA 1826252, Ute Sesfly c140- 12 C90 Specification for Loadbearing Conerete Masonry Units C129 Specification for Nonloadbearing Conerete Masonry Units Ci43/C143M Test Method for Slurp of Hydraulic-Cement Concrete C936/C936M Specification for Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units ©1093 Practice for Accreditation of Testing Agencies for Masonry 21232 Terminology of Masonry C1319 Specification for Concrete Grid Paving Units 1372 Specification for Dry-Cast Segmental Retaini Wall Units 491 Specification for Concrete Roof Pavers 2 Practice for Capping Conerete Masonry Units, Re- jated Units and Masonry Prisms for Compression Testing C1634 Specification for Concrete Facing Brick 55684 Specification for Materials and Manufacture of Ar- culating Concrete Block (ACB) Revetment Systems Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines ‘Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing | Terminology 1 Terminology defined in Terminologies C1232 and E6 ‘all apply for these test methods. « Significance and Use +1 These test methods provide general testing requirements f application to a broad range of concrete products. Those fesral testing requirements are included in the body of this edad. 2—Consult manufacturer, supplier, product specifications, or fb resources for more specific measurement or testing guidelines for ‘Es products not adcressed withthe annex ofthis standard +2 These test methods provide specific testing requirements | vo distinct sections, the requirements applicable to all units fered by these test methods and those applicable to the fevtie unit types. The requirements applicable to all units are ‘lade im the body of these test methods and those applicable specific unit types are included within the annexes. Sampling Selection of Test Specimens: 1 For purposes of testing, full-sized units shall be -d by the purchaser or authorized representative. The 'd_specimens shall be of similar configuration and =xsions. Specimens shall be representative of the whole lot ' from which they are selected. The term “lot” refers to any number of concrete ‘Ssonry units of any configuration or dimension manufactured Se producer using the same materials, concrete mix design, uectacturing process, and curing method. Number of Specimens: Unless specified otherwise in the applicable annex, a units shall consist of six full-size units, Unless specified otherwise in the applicable annex, for compressive strength, absorption, unit weight (density), ( soisture content determinations, one set of units shall be 9 selected from each lot of 10 000 units or fraction thereof and two sets of units from each lot of more than 10.000 and less than 100 000 units. For lots of more than 100 000 units, one set Of units shall be selected from each 50 000 units or fraction thereof contained in the lot. Additional specimens shall be taken if directed by the purchaser. 5.3 Remove loose material from the specimens (including the cores) prior to determining the received weight. Nore 3—An abrasive stone o wire brush is typically used vo remove loose materia 54 Identification—Mark each specimen so that it may be identified at any time. Markings shall cover not more than 5 % of the surface area of the specimen. 5.5 Received Weight—Weigh each specimen immediately after sampling and marking, and record as W, (received ‘weight). Record time and place W, was measured. Nove 4—Received weights often have direct relationships with other uni ropenies and are therefore a useful method of evaluating results or for sorting purposes. The weight of a conree masonry unit and elated unt changes with ime and exposure conditions, ratily asa test of the moisture within the unit Therefore, to understand the context of a received weight vale itis als immporare to understand the point in ime and the fame of reference when that weight was detemnine. Time and lace” should not refer when and where the unit was sampled but when nd where the recived weights were determined. In atin to date and time references, itis albo import to know if thse weighs were determined after units reached equilibrium with lab environments oe before units were shipped, or ater delivery tothe job ste, and so for 6. Measurement of Dimensions 6.1 Apparatus 6.1.1 Measurement Devices—Devices used to measure specimen dimensions shall have divisions aot greater than 0.1 in. (25 mm) when the dimension is to be reported to the nearest 0.1 in, (2.5 mm) and not greater than 0.01 in. (0.25 mm) ‘when the dimension is to be reported to the nearest 0,01 in. (0.25 mm), 6.1.2 Measuting devices shall be readable and accurate to the division required to be reported, Accuracy shall be verified at least once annually. Verification record shall include date of verification, person or agency performing verification, identi- fication of reference standard used, test points used during Verification, and readings attest points. 62 Specimens—Three full-size units shall be selected for ‘measurement of dimensions. 63 Measurements—Measure specimens in accordance with the applicable annex of this standard, For those products not covered by the annexes of this standard, measure overall ‘dimensions (width, height, length) in at least two locations on ‘opposite sides ofthe specimen to the nearest division required to be reported, Document location of each measurement on a sketch or photograph of the specimen, Nore $—Specimens wsed for measurement of dimensions may be sed in other tests, Nore 6—Calipers, micrometsrs, sn sto! scales and dividers of the spproprate accuracy and readability have been shown tobe adequate for these messuremans 7. Compressive Strength 7.1 Test Apparatus:Aly 140-12 7.lel The testing machine shall have an accuracy of 1.0 % over the anticipated load range. The upper platen shall be a spherically seated, hardened metal block firmly attached atthe center of the upper head of the machine. The center of the sphere shal ie a the center of the surface held in its spherical seat but shall be free to turn in any direction, and its perimeter shall have at least Y in. (6.3 mm) clearance from the head to accommodate specimens whose bearing surfaces are not par- allel. The diameter of the upper platen (determined in accor- dance with Annex A8) shall be at least 6 in. (150 mm). A hardened metal bearing plate may be used beneath the speci- ‘men to minimize wear of the lower platen of the machine. 7.1.2. When the bearing area of the upper platen or lower platen is not sufficient to cover the area of the specimen, @ single steel plate with a thickness equal to at least the distance from the edge of the platen to the most distant comer of the specimen shall be placed between the platen and the capped specimen. ‘The length and width of the steel plate shall be at jeast ¥ in, (6 mm) greater than the length and width of the units. 7.13 The surfaces ofthe platen o plate intended for contact with the specimen shall have a hardness not less than HRC 60) (BHN 620). The surfaces of the platen and plate shall not Gepar. from plane surfaces by more than 0.001 in, (0.03 mm) in any 6 in. (150 mm) dimension Nore 7—Reserch has shown that thickness of Bearing plates has significant eect on the tested compressive strength of masonry units ‘when the bearing aes the platen st sucen to cover the area of the Specinen, Plate bending esl a nonanform stress dstribaons that an inoence the faire mechanisms ofthe wsted specimens, The magnitude Of this fect is controlled by the stiffness of the plate, the size ofthe Specimen tested, and the sengih of the specimen. Tested compresive Seagits will typically ineesse with increased plate thickness and with reduced distance 0 the fares corer of the Specimen. Some testing Inhoratoes have iitaions that mit the practicality of eliminating Tending ently. Therefore the plate thickness requirements in {intended to provide an adequate Level of accuracy in the compression test resus so a 10 conform to the his of pratcalty of the testing Inbortory Nore §—Annex AS includes guidance on determining the required lat thickness based on the configuration ofthe test specimen and the test machine 7.14 The testing machine shall be verified in accordance with Practices Es! ata frequency defined by Practice C1093, 1.2 Test Specimens 72.1 Unless specified otherwise in the applicable annex, test three specimens in compression. 7.2.2 When possible and unless specified otherwise in the applicable annex, specimens shall be full-sized units. When the Units cannot be feted full-size due to specimen configuration or testing machine requirements, reduce the specimen size in accordance with Annex Al. 7.2.3 after delivery 10 the laboratory, store compression specimens (unstacked and separated by not less than 0.5 in. (13 mm) on all sides) continuously in air ata temperature of 75 15°F (24 = 8°C) and a relative humidity of less than 80 % for rot less than 48 h. Alternatively, if compression results are Tequited sooner, store units unstacked inthe same environment Geseribed above with a current of air from an clectric fan ing over them for a period of not less than 4 h. Continue Pare passing air over the specimens until two successive weigt at intervals of 2 h show an increment of loss not greater 02 % of the previously determined weight of the specimes until no moisture or dampness is visible on any surface 0 unit. Specimens shall not be subjected to oven-drying. [Nore 9—In this test method, net area (other than certain solid ni 191) 8 determined from specimens othe than those subjected 0 cor sion testing The compressive strength method is based on te assun that units wsed for determining net volume (absorption specimens’ the same net volume as units used for compression testing. Sample face units. which have iregor surfaces, should be divided a th they are sample from the lt, such thatthe absorption test specimen ‘2 net volume tha is visually representative and a weight ¢ representative ofthe compression tet specimens, 7.2.4 Where saw-cutting of test specimens is allow: required by the standard or applicable annex, sawing shi performed in an accurate, competent manner, subjectin specimen to as little saw vibration as possible. Use 2 dia saw blade of proper hardness. Ifthe specimen is wetted ¢ sawing, allow the specimen to dry to equilibrium with lz tory air conditions before testing, using the procedures ou in 7.23 7.2.5: If compression test specimens have been saw-cut full-sized units and the net area of the compressio: specimens can not be determined by 4.1, saw-cut an tional three units to the dimensions and configuration three compression test specimens, The average net area f ‘saw-cut compression specimens shall be taken as the a net area of the additional three saw-cut units calcula required in 9.4. Caleulated net volumes of saw-cut spec shall not be used in calculating equivalent thickness 7.3. Capping—Cap test specimens in accordance with tice C1552, 14 Compression Testing Procedure: 7A.1 Position of Specimens—Test specimens with th roid of their bearing surfaces aligned vertically with the of thrust of the spherically seatéd steel bearing block testing machine (Note 10). Except for special units intenc use with their cores in a horizontal direction, test all J ‘concrete masonry units with their cores in a vertical dir ‘Test masonry units that are 100 % solid and special units intended for use with their hollow cores in a hor direction in the same direction as in service. Prior to ‘each unit, ensure that the upper platen moves freely Wi spherical seat to attain uniform seating during testing. [Nore 10--For those masonry units that are symmetical about the location of that axis can be determined geometrically by divi Report [627.1 Test reports shall include all of the information in feos 102, 10.3, and the following: 40-12, A6.7.2 The flexural load to the nearest I Ib (5 N) required to fail a specimen separately and as the average for the sot of three units tested. AG.7.3 Ballast weight to the nearest 1 psf (5 kg/m?) sepa- rately for each specimen and as the average for the set of three specimens tested. FIG. A6.1 Compressive Strength Test Setup for Conereto oot Pavers verre noe EE — mney roma rn FIG. A6.2 Flexural Strength Test Setup for Concrete Roo! Pavers A7. TEST PROCEDURES FOR DRY CAST ARTICULATING CONCRETE BLOCK £ Scope ~ 1.1 This annex includes testing requirements for dry cast clating concrete block that are manufactured for comy ‘vith the following unit specification: D684, 2 Measurement of Dimensions 72.1 Measure each unit and record the width (W) across and bottom bearing surfaces at mid-length, height (#2) length of each face, and length (L) at mid-height of each 9 the nearest division required to be reported. 109 AT3 Compressive Strength Testing AT3.1 Test Specimens —Specimens shall be a saw-cut cou- pon with an aspect ratio (height divided by its least lateral dimension, Ivi) of 2.0 + 0.1 before capping and length to thickness ratio (V#) of 4.0 * 0.1. The coupon width shall in no ‘case be less than 1.5 in, (37 mm). Coupon dimensions shall not, differ by more than ¥% in, (3 mm) from the targeted dimension. ‘Coupons shall be 100 % solid and not contain cable holes or other voids. The compressive strength of the coupon shall beAy c140-12 considered 10 be the compressive strength of the whole unit. Saw-cutting shall be performed in accordance with 7.2.4 and 725, Nore A7.1—The compressive strength of coupons sa-cut from articu- lating conerete blocks can be measurably inluenced by the unit conigu- ‘ation and location of the sample, Duo tothe variety of unit configurations available, it is not possible 10 specify exact locations for obsining ‘coupons. In order to compare results within a set or between indepen ‘denily performed tests, coupons should be consistently obtained from the same location for a given unit coniguration. Supplies should be con- sulted for the recommended coupon sample Toeation for a given unit configuration. A732 Testing—Cap and test specimens in accordance with 7.3 and 7.4, ATA Absorption Testing ATA. Test Specimens—Specimens shall be in accordance with 8.2 A7.4.2 Testing—Pesform absorption tests in accordance with 8.3. ATS Caleulations ATS.1 Calculate absorption, density, net area, and net are compressive strength in accordance with Section 9. A76 Report A7.6.1 Test reports shall include all of the information i Sections 10 and 10.3. AS. DETERMINING PLATE THICKNESS REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPRESSION TESTING AB.1 Scope 8.1.1 This annex provides additional information to assist in determining the plate thickness requirements for compres- sion testing as written in 7.1 A82 Terminology A821 Fig. A8.1 shows the location of the referenced test equipment as used in the compression testing of units, A83 Determining the Diameter of the Upper Platen ‘A83.1_ As shown in Fig, A8.2, the diameter of the upper platen is considered in this test method t0 be equal £0 the maximum horizontal dimension measured scross the circle created by the sphetical portion of the upper platen (this, measured diameter may differ from the actual geometric diameter of the sphere based on its curvature). If the upper platen includes a nonspherical section that was manufactured integrally with the spherical head from a single piece of stel, the diameter of the upper platen is considered to be the diameter ofthe spherical seat on the upper surface of the upper platen plus the thickness of the monspherical section (tp,). However, the diameter of the upper platen shall not be greater than the minimum horizontal dimension of the upper platen. no A84 Distance from the Edge of Platen to Furthermost Corner of Test Specimen (See Fig. A8.3) A8.4.1 Determine the distance from the edge of the platen ( the furthermast comer of the specimen as follows: A8.4.2 Locate the specimen’s center of mass, and mark it o top of the specimen, ‘A8.4.3 Determine to the nearest '4 in, (3 mm) the distanc from the center of mass of the specimen to the furthermo, corner or edge of the test specimen. Record this distance as A844 The distance from the platen to the furthermo comer of the test specimen is obtained by the followin equation: as. where: d= distance from the platen tothe furthermost comer 0 the test specimen, in, (mm), A = distance from the center of mass of the specimen the furthermost comer of the test specimen, in (mm), and Dy, = calculated diameter of the upper platen, in. (mm).Aly c140-12 ‘SPHERICAL HEAD UPPER PLATEN |+—— UPPER BEARING PLATE — LOWER BEARING PLATE 7A “———— Lower PLATEN FIG. A8.1 Equipment Used for Compression Testing IF THIS PIECE IS INTEGRAL i Soe Dp, = Dss + ten, woh ase, peare A Ba ee TT ‘measured diameter of spherical seat, calculated diameter of upper platen, ‘measured minimum width of upper platen, and ‘measured thickness of nonspherical section of upper platen. FIG. A8.2 Dlameter of the Upper Platen SPECIMEN LENGTH d eT i F SPECIMEN WIDTH FIG. A8.3 Distance from Platen to Furthermost Corner of Test Specimen unat se posn 9q 0} are Suto} 959411, "960 wonPoYtoads tna souByd Pasay Sutoq suowttoods — woo stay euusarep o1 suum Aiwosew! srarueD jeuONUAAUOD dads aip or Aidde Aayi se spoypau a1 oy Jo siueW oj oFBUIOsUl 1s0) SuALodax pue Fuypuodax us osn 30} podo bar ayy ssauppe o1 pur sasodind sayy ys 0} swu0y asaq —-faxap aam sajdues asauy, wo} u0ds1 1891 8 puv aysY0M ‘out so 2sn eur sporjou 85) 2s019 J0 S196f]“K[uo SoULjapIMS —_KAOFBIOgE] jduuS w SI ONS sHP UE PepAPUT TTX SLIND RINOSVWN ALTADNOD AOA IAS LSTL ANY LATHSMAOM “1X (wonemuoyur <0yepumaI0N)ASTM C 140 Worksheet My crao-12 ‘Sampling ana Testing Concrete Masonry Unite Lab Pro, No~ 08-100 (ate Received: 6/1/2008 Chen Big Block Port Testing Agency: ‘Accurat Testing Laboratory Astros: 111 Block Drv Anytown, USA 12345, Adatess: 123 Main Steet ‘Anytown, USA, 12545, ‘ob No Description: Standard Run Sampling Pary: Bia Block Plant Unt Designation Description Overall Nominal Dimensions: within) 8.00 xa 16 nn Heghton) 8.00 ConereteRlasonry Unit Lengts tin} 16.00 Compression Units (Outermine he owing norton ach eee uns se ea conpresson) a 2 *® Recelved Waight (WR) mde 3122 om. ate 22008 Mox Compressive Load x) 12079 119960 114690. Date: 61872008 Absorption Units ‘Geamine he fooningfematon or be oe tee us tobe inmasedin ater ses ang) 4s * Wien (7) @ Top 72 77 @ Bottom 73 785753 in Hot (8) @ Face | TH 781 76 in @ Foca? T2761 7e7 in Length (L) @ Face 1 1962 18511582 in. Measurements @Face2 155015821553 ae: 1172008 Facosnall Thekness (FST) @Fnce 1 1201384 in Face? satin Web Thickness WT) @Web 1 10 2k in @veb 2 1 01m ik @vieb 3 om 1 ein @wens in Received Weigh Wa) 207 3128 go Date 61172008 Imvmersed Weg (i) 1885 622s Saturated Wei (W.) 327 27 RST Date 22008 Final Oven-Dry Weigh (Ws) 308 2033 ats Date, 61572008 Intermediate Drying Weigmts (st rdading after a least 24 hours dying, successWe readings at2 hr intervals) ist3022 29432023 Time 1130am nd 30.18 2933 20.18 te Time 200 pm 310 bb Time FIG. X1.1 Example CMU Workshoot 13,ily c140-12 asta e 1 Test Raper ot, coca Fepatate: 8102008 coe eg seccrine ‘etry agency ‘curt Testing Laborstany aes: ‘oc Ove Dates {22a Set ‘vena USA 1366 ‘ron, USA, 12345, space asmconas sanping Pty: ple Pnt mtcesteabegtin te sanplesRecebed) e098 Suna of Test Rese nerone spectes “Test esc 0ety Noues esas sales Net Conese Sena sshd 0 pq) Hn Fceset Tes) (css Conese Srongh = Om pean Web Tse) ‘ensty “ 1119 pet eet eb Tames espn 125 gf Egnaent Toes Pernt Sa faa % av varsom epee Omaneone nec Une Test Rests Crom secon coneesave ecened aa oe ‘Seen capresson Speen Wee Geico ines wae Won shor ero koa Size iat mores) ae Testet moss Nat oles) Seat eae Sis Hoat ent Tauro ono 180 + unt rae teins ete avrage cet tre teomten ne sae sere tee ae thse es sed compression [a ee He asco ‘Specimen Vian Hegh Length ‘ ‘ae en & s es ee 1 7s a7 156 1a 12 Weems te Test 8 nese une porto opts ae seks er floes es 025i, or Menem re IE Reeves arsed Satucied O1enry net Percent specmen WR WL, ile, LNs) ABS Deny vole ald sane a ea air wast 307 © m ona 2 2 mes Bs 20s: So esa ‘em ee es; ee 02606 489 a a a a re Sar abeaoyy nea FIG. X1.2 Example CMU Test Report aaAp c140-12 SUMMARY OF CHANGES ‘Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C140 — 11a) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Feb. 1, 2012.) | The determination of equivalent web thickness was ments for balance of pavers were added to Annex Ad. ‘zed to a determination of nonmalized web area. (B) Subsection 7.4.3 was revised and Nove || was added Salance requirements in 8.1 were revised and new require- regarding specimen load rates. ‘Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C140 — 11) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Aug. 1, 2011.) ections 10.3 and A4.6 were revised, (@) Added minimum immersion depth for absorption testing in Added section 8.2.2.1 on minimum specimen size for subsection 8.3.1. ‘ecption testing and a new Note 12, ‘Committee C15 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (C140 ~ 10) that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved Feb. I, 2011.) | Changes to reporting requirements were made to Section (3) Revised Note A3.1 and Note A7.1. aad Annex Al-Annex A7. (@) Revised Annex AS. | Changes were made to 6.1.2 to clarify language. ASM itematonal aks 70 postion respecting he validly of any patent ighs assented i canaction wth any em mentioned inti stancara. 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