Locard’sPrinciple :

- In forensic science, Locard's exchange principle holds that

the perpetrator of a crime will bring something into the
crime scene and leave with something from it, and that both
can be used as forensic evidence.
- Dr. Edmond Locard (1877–1966) was a pioneer in forensic
science who became known as the Sherlock Holmes of
France.
- He formulated the basic principle of forensic science as:
"Every contact leaves a trace". Paul L. Kirk expressed the
principle as follows:

". Not only his fingerprints or his footprints, but his hair,
the fibres from his clothes, the glass he breaks, the tool
mark he leaves, the paint he scratches, the blood or semen
he deposits or collects. All of these and more, bear mute
witness against him. This is evidence that does not forget. It
is not confused by the excitement of the moment. It is not
absent because human witnesses are. It is factual evidence.
Physical evidence cannot be wrong, it cannot perjure itself,
it cannot be wholly absent. Only human failure to find it,
study and understand it, can diminish its value."
- Fragmentary or trace evidence is any type of material left at
(or taken from) a crime scene, or the result of contact
between two surfaces, such as shoes and the floor covering
or soil, or fibres from where someone sat on an upholstered
chair.
- When a crime is committed, fragmentary (or trace) evidence
needs to be collected from the scene. A team of specialised
police technicians goes to the scene of the crime and seals it
off.
- They record video and take photographs of the crime scene,
victim/s (if there are any) and items of evidence. If
necessary, they undertake ballistics examinations.
- They check for foot, shoe, and tire mark impressions, plus
hair as well as examine any vehicles and check for
fingerprints – whole or partial.