Naziv škole

IME I PREZIME UČENIKA

PRINCESS DIANA

Maturski rad iz engleskog jezika

Grad, jun 2020. godine

 Naziv škole

Ime i prezime učenika

PRINCESS DIANA

Maturski rad iz engleskog jezika

MENTOR:
Ime i prezime, prof.

Grad, jun 2020. godine

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 CONTENT

INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................................4
1. CHILDHOOD...............................................................................................................................5
2. EDUCATION AND CAREER......................................................................................................6
3. MARRIAGE..................................................................................................................................7
4. CHILDREN...................................................................................................................................8
4.1. Prince Harry...........................................................................................................................8
4.2. Prince William.......................................................................................................................9
5. DIVORCE...................................................................................................................................10
6. CHARITY WORK......................................................................................................................11
7. DEATH.......................................................................................................................................14
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................17
LITERATURE....................................................................................................................................18

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INTRODUCTION

Diana, Princess of Wales (born Diana Frances Spencer; 1 July 1961 – 31 August
1997) was a member of the British royal family. She was the first wife of Charles, Prince of
Wales, and the mother of Prince William and Prince Harry. Diana's activism and glamour
made her an international icon and earned her an enduring popularity as well as an
unprecedented public scrutiny, exacerbated by her tumultuous private life.
Diana was born into the British nobility and grew up close to the royal family on their
Sandringham estate. The youngest daughter of John Spencer, 8th Earl Spencer, and Frances
Shand Kyd, she was strongly affected by their divorce in 1967. She did not distinguish
herself academically, but was talented in music, dance, and sports. In 1978, she moved to
London, where she lived with flatmates and took on various low-paying jobs.
Diana came to prominence in 1981 upon her engagement to Prince Charles, the eldest
son of Queen Elizabeth II, after a brief courtship. Their wedding took place at St Paul's
Cathedral in 1981 and made her Princess of Wales, a role in which she was enthusiastically
received by the public. The couple had two sons, the princes William and Harry, who were
then second and third in the line of succession to the British throne. Diana's marriage to
Charles, however, suffered due to their incompatibility and extramarital affairs. The couple
separated in 1992, soon after the breakdown of their relationship became public knowledge.
The details of their marital difficulties became increasingly publicised, and the marriage
ended in divorce in 1996.
As Princess of Wales, Diana undertook royal duties on behalf of the Queen and
represented her at functions across the Commonwealth realms. She was celebrated in the
media for her unconventional approach to charity work. Her patronages initially centered on
children and youth but she later became known for her involvement with AIDS patients and
campaign for the removal of landmines. She also raised awareness and advocated ways to
help people affected with cancer and mental illness. As princess, Diana was initially noted for
her shyness, but her charisma and friendliness endeared her to the public and helped her
reputation survive the acrimonious collapse of her marriage. Considered to be very
photogenic, she was a leader of fashion in the 1980s and 1990s. Media attention and public
mourning were extensive after her death in a car crash in a Paris tunnel in 1997 and
subsequent televised funeral. Her legacy has had a deep impact on the royal family and
British society.

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 1. CHILDHOOD

Diana Frances Spencer was born on 1 July 1961 at Park House, Sandringham,
Norfolk. She was the fourth of five children of John Spencer, Viscount Althorp (1924–1992),
and Frances Spencer, Viscountess Althorp (née Roche; 1936–2004). The Spencer family had
been closely allied with the British royal family for several generations; Diana's
grandmothers, Cynthia Spencer, Countess Spencer and Ruth Roche, Baroness Fermoy, had
served as ladies-in-waiting to Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother.
On 30 August 1961, Diana was baptised at St. Mary Magdalene Church,
Sandringham. She grew up with three siblings: Sarah, Jane, and Charles. Her infant brother,
John, died shortly after his birth one year before Diana was born. Diana grew up in Park
House, situated on the Sandringham estate. The Spencers leased the house from its owner,
Queen Elizabeth II. The royal family frequently holidayed at the neighbouring Sandringham
House, and Diana played with the Queen's sons Prince Andrew and Prince Edward.
Diana was seven years old when her parents divorced. Her mother later began a
relationship with Peter Shand Kydd and married him in 1969. Diana lived with her mother in
London during her parents' separation in 1967, but during that year's Christmas holidays,
Lord Althorp refused to let Diana return to London with Lady Althorp. Shortly afterwards he
won custody of Diana with support from his former mother-in-law, Lady Fermoy. In 1976,
Lord Althorp married Raine, Countess of Dartmouth. Diana's relationship with her
stepmother was particularly bad. She resented Raine, whom she called a "bully", and on one
occasion Diana "pushed her down the stairs". She later described her childhood as "very
unhappy" and "very unstable, the whole thing". Diana became known as Lady Diana after her
father later inherited the title of Earl Spencer in 1975, at which point her father moved the
entire family from Park House to Althorp, the Spencer seat in Northamptonshire.

Princess Diana

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 2. EDUCATION AND CAREER

After her parents’ tumultuous divorce, Princess Diana and her siblings were left in the
care of their father. When the late Princess was just 9, her father, John Spencer, Viscount
Althorp sent her to boarding school at Riddlesworth Hall which was located within 30 acres
of Norfolk countryside and woods. It was not a happy time. Princess Diana was so horrified
about the prospect of being away from her family that she told her father, “If you love me,
you won’t leave me here.”
After Riddlesworth the princess joined her sisters at West Heath Girls School. After
completing her education at 17 in 1978, the Princess attended Institut Alpin Videmanette –a
finishing school in Rougemont, Switzerland for just one term before she returned to London.
After attending Institut Alpin Videmanette (a finishing school in Rougemont,
Switzerland) for one term, and leaving after the Easter term of 1978, Diana returned to
London, where she shared her mother's flat with two school friends. In London, she took an
advanced cooking course, but seldom cooked for her roommates. She took a series of low-
paying jobs; she worked as a dance instructor for youth until a skiing accident caused her to
miss three months of work. She then found employment as a playgroup pre-school assistant,
did some cleaning work for her sister Sarah and several of her friends, and acted as a hostess
at parties.

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 3. MARRIAGE

It was far from love at first sight when Charles met Diana. In fact, when the heir to the
throne was first introduced to the future Princess of Wales during a grouse hunt at Althorp,
the Spencer family home, in November 1977, he was there with her older sister, Sarah. That
couple had a short-lived romance, but they obviously weren't compatible.
Once Charles's relationship with Sarah fizzled, the prince and Diana did not see each
other again until 1980, when both she and Charles were invited to stay at Philip de Pass's
house in Sussex.
The couple started dating quickly despite their 12 year age difference. Most of their
courtship took place over the phone; they reportedly only met in person 13 times before
Charles proposed marriage.

Prince Charles and Diana

In February of 1981, the royal couple announced their engagement, revealing that
Charles had popped the question three weeks prior.
Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer married within six months of their
engagement in a famously lavish royal wedding in St. Paul's Cathedral. The wedding, which
was broadcast on television and seen by around 750 million people around the world, is still
considered one of the most memorable royal weddings of all time.

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 The relationship didn't stand quite the same test of time. Though the couple went on
to have two children, Prince William and Prince Harry, it slowly became obvious that they
weren't a good match.

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 4. CHILDREN

On 21 June 1982, the Princess gave birth to the couple's first son, Prince William.
Amidst some media criticism, she decided to take William—who was still a baby—on her
first major tours of Australia and New Zealand, and the decision was popularly applauded.
By her own admission, the Princess of Wales had not initially intended to take William until
Malcolm Fraser, the Australian prime minister, made the suggestion.
A second son, Prince Harry, was born on 15 September 1984. The Princess said she
and the Prince were closest during her pregnancy with Harry. She was aware their second
child was a boy, but did not share the knowledge with anyone else, including the Prince of
Wales.
Diana gave her sons wider experiences than was usual for royal children. She rarely
deferred to the Prince or to the royal family, and was often intransigent when it came to the
children. She chose their first given names, dismissed a royal family nanny and engaged one
of her own choosing, selected their schools and clothing, planned their outings, and took
them to school herself as often as her schedule permitted. She also organised her public duties
around their timetables.

Princess Diana with her sons

4.1. Prince Harry

Prince Harry, Duke of Sussex, (Henry Charles Albert David, 15 September 1984) is a
member of the British royal family. He is the younger son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and
Diana, Princess of Wales, and is sixth in the line of succession to the British throne.

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 His parents announced their second son's name would officially be Prince Henry
Charles Albert David, but that he would be known as Harry to his family and friends. As the
prince grew up, he was referred to by Kensington Palace, and therefore the Press and the
public at large, as Prince Harry. As a son of the Prince of Wales, he was called Prince Henry
of Wales. Diana wanted Harry and his older brother, Prince William, to have a broader range
of experiences and a better understanding of ordinary life than previous royal children. She
took them to venues that ranged from Walt Disney World and McDonald's to AIDS clinics
and homeless shelters. Harry began accompanying his parents on official visits at an early
age; his first overseas tour was with his parents to Italy in 1985.
Harry was educated at Wetherby School, Ludgrove School and Eton College. He
spent parts of his gap year in Australia and Lesotho. He then underwent officer training at the
Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. He was commissioned as a cornet (i.e. second
lieutenant) into the Blues and Royals, serving temporarily with his brother, Prince William,
and completed his training as a troop leader. In 2007–08, he served for over ten weeks in
Helmand, Afghanistan, but was pulled out after an Australian magazine revealed his presence
there. He returned to Afghanistan for a 20-week deployment in 2012–13 with the Army Air
Corps. He left the army in June 2015.

4.2. Prince William

Prince William, Duke of Cambridge (William Arthur Philip Louis; born 21 June
1982) is a member of the British royal family. He is the elder son of Charles, Prince of
Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales. Since birth, he has been second in the line of
succession to the British throne.
William was educated at four schools in the United Kingdom and studied for a degree
at the University of St Andrews. During a gap year, he spent time in Chile, Belize, and
Africa. In December 2006, he completed 44 weeks of training as an officer cadet and was
commissioned in the Blues and Royals regiment. In April 2008, William completed pilot
training at Royal Air Force College Cranwell, then underwent helicopter flight training and
became a full-time pilot with the RAF Search and Rescue Force in early 2009. His service
with the British Armed Forces ended in September 2013. He then trained for a civil pilot's
licence and spent over two years working as a pilot for the East Anglian Air Ambulance.
Since his birth, William has been second in the line of succession to the British
throne. At age seven, he reportedly told his mother he wanted to be a police officer when he
was older so that he might be able to protect her; a statement to which his five-year-old
brother Harry reportedly replied, "Oh, no you can't. You've got to be King."

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 5. DIVORCE

After four years of separation, Charles, Prince of Wales and heir to the British throne,
and his wife, Princess Diana, formally divorce.
The royal couple married in 1981 and they appeared to be head over heels in love, but
according to People, by 1985 their marriage was already troubled. According to Diana, they
even stayed together partly for the public. In her infamous 1995 BBC interview with Martin
Bashir that was conducted without consulting Kensington Palace and took place after her
separation from Charles but before their divorce, Diana said, "The cause (of her bulimia) was
the situation where my husband and I had to keep everything together because we didn't want
to disappoint the public, and yet obviously there was a lot of anxiety going on within our four
walls."
In her BBC interview, Diana said that the early stages of marriage were happy "very
much so," but that the marriage also came with many pressures. "But, the pressure on us both
as a couple with the media was phenomenal, and misunderstood by a great many people," she
said.
Throughout her BBC chat, Diana expressed that eventually she and Charles began
living two lives outside of the public eye ever since they formally separated in December
1992. She said she didn't want to separate, but supported Charles' decision. "No. Not at all,"
she said after being asked if the separation was her idea. "I come from a divorced
background, and I didn't want to go into that one again."
It seems like a lot led to Diana and Charles calling it quits, and it certainly appears
that they had quite the tumultuous relationship from beginning to end.
Princess Diana's butler Paul Burrell has revealed that the Queen apparently wrote her
a letter, saying her she should divorce Prince Charles. According to Burrell, the Princess of
Wales never wanted a divorce, but instead wanted a separation, telling Bashir about her
"deep, profound sadness" surrounding their separation.
After the divorce, Diana was reportedly awarded a £17million (AUD$ 33 million)
lump sum, as well as £350,000 (AUD$ 680, 000) a year to run her private office. She was
also allowed to keep her apartments at Kensington Palace and her and Charles had shared
custody in their sons, Prince William and Prince Harry.

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 6. CHARITY WORK

She changed the face of the British monarchy. Through her charity work, Diana
highlighted how royalty, which had previously been known for its stuffiness, could be in
touch with the public. In her interview with BBC's Panorama in 1995, she said, "I would like
a monarchy that has more contact with its people." This statement became something of a
personal mission for the Princess. Diana was at some point patron of over 100 charities.
During her many visits to hospitals, schools and fundraising galas, she became known for
spending hours talking to people and listening to their stories. Although she found the media's
intrusion into her personal life “intolerable," Diana found a way to use this to bring attention
to the people and the causes that needed it most.
She led a campaign for a worldwide ban on landmines. After a visit to Angola in
1997, Diana became anti-landmine activists’ most prominent advocate. During that trip,
which was captured by the BBC for a Heart of the Matter documentary, the Princess was
photographed putting her own safety at risk as she walked through a recently cleared
minefield. “I’d read the statistics that Angola has the highest percentage of amputees
anywhere in the world,” she told the cameras. “That one person in every 333 had lost a limb,
most of them through land mine explosions. But that hadn’t prepared me for reality.” Diana’s
commitment to mine clearance work captured the public’s attention and decades after she
started her campaign, the support for the cause continues. Her son Prince Harry, who is now
patron of leading landmine charity, The HALO Trust, recently called for the world to become
free of the weapons by 2025.

Diana visiting with injured children in Angola, 1997

She changed the world's perception of HIV and AIDS. In April 1987, when speculation
around the virus was rife, Diana was invited to open Britain’s first AIDS ward at Middlesex
hospital. A photograph, which made front-page news around the world, showed her shaking
hands with HIV-positive patients without wearing gloves. This publicly challenged the notion
that HIV/AIDS was passed from person to person by touch and highlighted Diana's affection
and compassion for people living with the disease. In the following years, she went on to

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make several bedside visits to patients at a number of hospitals, including a hostel for
abandoned children in Rio de Janeiro and a hospice in Toronto. At the time of her death,
Gavin Hart, of the National AIDS Trust, told the BBC: "In our opinion, Diana was the
foremost ambassador for AIDS awareness on the planet and no one can fill her shoes in terms
of the work she did."
She raised awareness of leprosy. Like her AIDS efforts, Diana traveled to countries
with a high leprosy rate in order to remove the stigma surrounding the disease. As patron of
The Leprosy Mission, she visited hospitals in India, Nepal and Zimbabwe and by spending
time with patients, she dispelled one of the myths surrounding the illness—that it can be
passed on by touch. “It has always been my concern to touch people with leprosy, trying to
show in a simple action that they are not reviled, nor are we repulsed," she said of the disease.

The Princess shaking hands with a leprosy patient at a hospital in Indonesia, 1989

She made regular personal visits to London's homeless centers. Despite relinquishing
most of her charitable causes after her divorce from Prince Charles in 1996, Diana became
patron of Centrepoint in 1992 and remained in the role until her death in 1997. Both William
and Harry were taken by the Princess to see the help offered at the charity’s shelters and, at
the age of 23, William followed in his mother’s footsteps when he became patron. Speaking
at the time, he told The Telegraph: "My mother introduced that sort of area to me a long time
ago. It was a real eye-opener and I am very glad she did. It has been something I have held
close to me for a long time."
She reached out to children. Diana displayed a great affinity for young people and
became a champion for some the most vulnerable. As patron of The Royal Marsden Hospital,
known for treating childhood cancers, and Great Ormand Street Hospital for Children, she
was often pictured comforting children and made a personal connection with many. Speaking
about her work with the Royal Brompton Hospital, London, she said: "I make the trips at

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least three times a week, and spend up to four hours at a time with patients holding their
hands and talking to them. Some of them will live and some will die, but they all need to be
loved while they are here. I try to be there for them."
She was an avid supporter of the arts. Diana loved dance and after her divorce, The
English National Ballet was the only non-humanitarian charity she chose to dedicate her time
to. She was often seen enjoying performances and was known to take her sons William and
Harry along with her. Her support and presence at fundraising galas helped to raise thousands
of pounds for the company.
She was a devoted mother. Whether she was doing the school run or taking her sons
on a day out to a theme park, Diana did her best to give her young sons a "normal" childhood.
She was passionate about helping others, but royal commentators said motherhood was
clearly the job she loved the most. She led by example and often took William and Harry
along with her on hospital visits. Today, the Princes continue to support their mother's legacy
as patrons of some of the charities she so prominently supported.
She inspired others to give to charitable causes. According to The Princess Diana
Memorial Fund, set up in response to the donations which poured in at the time of her death,
the general public and community groups donated some $44 million. By the time the Fund
closed in 2012, it had awarded 727 grants to 471 organisations, and spent over $145 million
on charitable causes. In March 2013, The Royal Foundation of The Duke and Duchess of
Cambridge and Prince Harry took over the legal ownership of the Fund, ensuring any future
income is donated to charities.

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 7. DEATH

Long one of the most-photographed women in the world, Diana’s unprecedented

popularity both in Britain and abroad continued after her divorce. Although she used that
celebrity to great effect in promoting her charitable work, the media (in particular the
paparazzi) were often intrusive. It was while attempting to evade pursuing journalists that
Diana was killed, along with her companion, Dodi Fayed, and their driver, Henri Paul, in an
automobile accident in a tunnel under the streets of Paris in 1997.

Car crash

Her death produced unprecedented expressions of public mourning, testifying

to her enormous hold on the British national psyche. The royal family, apparently caught off
guard by the extraordinary outpouring of grief and by criticism of their emotional reticence,
broke with tradition in arranging the internationally televised royal funeral. The image of
Prince William, then age 15, and Prince Harry, then age 12, walking solemnly with their
father behind Diana’s casket in her funeral cortege became iconic. At Diana’s funeral Sir
Elton John performed a version of his classic song “Candle in the Wind” (originally written
about actress Marilyn Monroe) with lyrics that had been revised by his songwriting partner,
Bernie Taupin, to reflect on the life and death of Diana, including
Goodbye England’s rose;
May you ever grow in our hearts.
You were the grace that placed yourself
Where lives were torn apart.

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The recording of that version of the song became the most successful pop single in history to
date, selling more than 30 million copies.

Diana’s life, and her death, polarized national feeling about the existing system of monarchy
(and, in a sense, about British identity), which appeared antiquated and unfeeling in a
populist age of media celebrity in which Diana herself was a central figure.

Elton John performing at the funeral of Diana, princess of Wales

Initially, the incident had been blamed on their French chauffeur, Henri Paul, who
may have been exceeding the speed limit to avoid tabloid photographers.
A subsequent inquest on the crash performed by the British police, and released in
2006, ruled Diana’s death a “tragic accident.” The inquest found that Paul had been drunk at
the time of the accident, and that his condition may have been worsened by prescription anti-
depressants he was taking at the time.
In fact, tests of Paul’s blood following the crash revealed that his alcohol levels were
more than three times the legal limit in France for drunk driving. Investigators believe this
caused him to lose control of the Mercedes.
The inquest jury ruled that both Paul and the paparazzi chasing Diana and Al-Fayed
were responsible for the crash due to “gross negligence.” The deaths of Diana and Al-Fayed
were also ruled “unlawful killings”—the court equivalent of manslaughter.
In addition, the jury ruled that the couple might have survived the crash had they been
wearing seatbelts.
No one was charged in the deaths of Diana and Al-Fayed, as Paul was himself killed.
Several members of the paparazzi were questioned immediately after the accident, but were
released.

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 In addition to her accomplishments on behalf of those with HIV/AIDS while she was
alive, she is fondly remembered as a patron of the United Kingdom’s National AIDS Trust,
an advocacy organization for people with the disease and their families. Many of the
organization’s initiatives are named in her honor.
Diana is also credited, by at least one biographer, with effectively modernizing the
royal family in their relations with the British public.
Generally reserved, the royal family, and in particular Queen Elizabeth, have arguably
been more engaged with the public since Diana’s passing, visiting with victims of terrorist
attacks in London, for example.
Her sons William and Harry have also credited their late mother with shaping their
own charitable efforts, which include HIV/AIDS and wildlife conservation work in Africa,
among other initiatives.

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CONCLUSION

Princess Diana played a huge part in American and British history. She did many
things throughout her early and later years, and had many accomplishments. She was a big
leader by helping many people that were sick and visited them a lot.
Sadly, she died though on August 31, 1997. What happened was one night her
boyfriend Dodi took Diana out on a dinner date in Paris, France. Their dinner was delicious,
but they had no idea that that was their last meal of their lives. On the way back from the
restaurant, many interviewers and reporters, plus Diana, Dodi, and the driver were crammed
into a big car. The driver was driving really fast because he was drunk and that made a huge a
huge accident. The driver and Dodi died right at that moment, while Diana died a couple of
hours after.
Even though she has passed away, her sons are still carrying on her charitable work.

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LITERATURE

Web sites:
 https://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/features/a9639085/princess-diana-charity-
work/
 https://www.history.com/topics/british-history/princess-dianas-death
 https://honey.nine.com.au/royals/the-queen-sent-a-letter-princess-diana-saying-she-
should-divorce-prince-charles/55927b89-a3b2-492f-aa02-7011178141da
 https://www.townandcountrymag.com/society/tradition/a29873445/prince-charles-
princess-diana-relationship-first-meeting/
 https://www.factinate.com/people/47-royal-facts-princess-diana-3/
 https://www.britannica.com/biography/Diana-princess-of-Wales
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales

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