Cultural Links Kiegészítő

CULTURAL LINKS FILE 1 - LANGUAGE
VOCABULARY AWARENESS
AWARENESS
1. Read the text THE HISTORY OF ENGLISH p. 6-7 and try to find words in it which mean:
1. __________________ (v) to come
me from
2. __________________ (n) a group of soldiers entering a country by force in order to take control of it
3. __________________ (n) a social group consisting
co of people of the same race
4. __________________ (n) the process of gradually becoming bigger, better, stronger,
stronger, or more advanced
OLD ENGLISH (400 A.D.-1066)

5. __________________ (n) people who live in a particular place
6. __________________ (v) to stay in a place and control it esp. with the help of the military
7. __________________ (v) to affect
8. __________________ (adj) continuing to exist for a long time, syn: lasting, lifelong /opp: temporary
9. __________________ (n) effect or inluence on sth/sb
10. __________________ (v) to be the most important or noticeable feature of sth/sb
11. __________________ (n) a form of a language spoken only in one area
12. __________________ (n) someone who goes to live in a country or area away from their own
13. __________________ (adj) almost the same opp: different
MIDDLE ENGLISH (1066-1500s)

1500s)
14. __________________ (n) the act of getting control of a country by fighting
15. __________________ (v) to win a victory over someone in a war, competition, game /to defeat
16. __________________ (n) people who belong to the highest social class / aristocracy
17. be________________ (v) to become part of
18. __________________ (v) to make stronger
MODERN ENGLISH (1500s-2000s)

2000s)
19. __________________ (v) develop
20. __________________ (n) the act of travelling through a place in order to find out about it or find oil or gold
21. _________________ (n) the act of sending citizens to another country to settle so as to establish political control
22. __________________ (v) to include sth so that it forms part of sth
23. __________________ (n) the meaning of a word
24. __________________ (v) to try to judge the value,
value, size, speed, cost of sth, without calculating it exactly
2. Circle the correct word:
1. Copenhagen has about 1.4 million invaders / inhabitants.

2. Many Christmas traditions originated / assimilated in Germany.
3. Many of the villagers were illiterate; some spoke only their local dialect / language.
4. Education issues reinforced / dominated the election campaign.
5. In explorations / colonizations of the Japan Sea, scientists examined the sea bottom.
6. Refugees find it difficult to become estimated / assimilated into the community.
7. I will never be able to win / beat him at chess. He plays like a professional!
8. We run classes for students whose mother language / tongue is not English.
9. Few reporters dared to enter/enter into the war zone.
10. The government refused to enter/enter into discussions with the opposition.
BLACK CAT AHEAD BOOKS 1

LANGUAGE AWARENESS
3. This is the first phrase of the Sunday prayer in OLD ENGLISH, MIDDLE ENGLISH and MODERN ENGLISH. Can you
guess which is which?
1. Oure fadir that art in heuenes, halwid be thi name. OLD ENGLISH
2. Our father, which art in Heaven, hallowed be thy name. MIDDLE ENGLISH
3. Faeder ure thu eart on heofonum, si thin nama gehalgod. MODERN ENGLISH
4. Fill in the blanks with words from the text
te THE SPREAD OF ENGLISH p. 8-9. The first letter is given to you.
a. Important reforms were initiated during the r_____________ of Queen Victoria. (period
period of being a king or queen)
b. After the war, Germanyany became one of Europe's most p______________
______________ countries. (rich and successful)
c. Algeria was formerly a French c______________
______________ . (under the political control of a more powerful country)
d. They left the country to escape religious p_______________. (unfair or cruel treatment because of religious or
political beliefs)
e. My parents e_________________
_________________ from Britain to New Zealand just before I was born. (left their own country in
order to live in another)
f. Most athletes reach their p_________
_________ in their mid 20s. (the best, highest most successful
successfu moment)
g. The company ran out of money and was forced to cease t____________. (buyingbuying and selling goods)
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
5. WORD FORMATION: Fill in the missing derivatives in the following table:
VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE

dominant
/conquest X
evolve
/ exploratory / unexplored
definition /definitive
reinforce
invader/ invasive
encourage
communicative
enlarge
emigrate / X
/colonization /
convict /
settle / settled
develop developper/
X permanence
original
X nobility
prosperous

LANGUAGE AWARENESS
6. Complete the sentences with words from the previous exercise.
1. The Roman legions left, opening the way for the _____________ of the British Isles by the Germanic tribes.
2. Some scientists have rejected Darwin’s __________________________
____ theory.
3. The rates of unemployment are higher in ___________________ countries.
4. Police will have the pictures _________________ in an attempt to identify the thief.
5. My grandfather was one of the town's first _________________.
________
6. He was tried and ___________________ of murder.
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
7. GRAMMAR CHECK: Complete the text with the correct PAST TENSES (S.Past,
S.Past, Past Continuous, Past Perfect):
James Cook (1728-1779)

The British explorer James Cook was born in the village of Marton, Yorkshire, on 27
October, 1728. But his family soon (move)1 ____________ to another village, called
(spend 2 ___________ most of his childhood. As a teenager
Great Ayton, where Cook (spend)
James Cook (develop)3 ______________ a fascination for the sea and (travel)
4
_____________ to Whitby where he (find) 5_____________ employment on a coal
(serve 6________________ in the Royal Navy during
ship. While he (serve) durin the Seven Years'
War (1756-1763),
(1756 Cook had the command of a ship.
(end 7 ________________,, Cook (take)
After the war (end) (take 8_______________
command of the vessel Grenville and (go) 9___________ to Newfoundland to survey the coasts there. While he
(map )10_________________the (observe 11 _________________ a solar eclipse off the
the coasts of Newfoundland, he (observe)
North American coast. Cook (send) 12 ________________the
________________the details to the Royal Society, England's leading scientific
organisation, and (win)13__________their
their attention. After Cook (publish)14 ________________ his observations of
(ask 15 ________________ him to lead a scientific expedition to Tahiti and (put)
the solar eclipse, the Royal Society (ask) (put
16 17
_______ him in command of of the HMS Endeavour. From Tahiti Cook then (go on) ________________ to explore
the South Pacific. He also (reach) 18_______________ New Zealand, which only the Dutchman Abel Tasman (visit) (visit 19
__________________ before Cook. After Cook (map) (map 20________________ New Zealand's complete coastline, he
(sail) 21________________ to Australia's east coast. Cook (name)22 ________________the
________________ area New South Wales as
23
it (remind) ________________ him of the south coast of Wales in Great Britain.
(return 24 _________________ from his first voyage to the Pacific, the Royal
In 1772, one year after Cook (return)
25
Society (hire) ________________ him for another expedition to find the mythical Terra Australis. On his journey,
Cook (discover) 26_______________ several islands and almost (go)
(go 27________________as
______________ far as the continent of
Antarctica. He (make)28 ________________ maps of the South Pacific and (prove)29 ________________ that Terra
Australis (not /exist)30 _________________.
_____________
(take 31 _________________ him to the west coast of North
His third and last voyage for the Royal Society (take)
America where he (try)32 ________________ to find a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific. He (not / able /
pass)33 ______________________ the Bering Strait, however; the ice (force)
(force 34 _______________ him to return to
Hawaii, which he (discover) 35_________________ earlier. While he and his crew (rest)(rest 36__________________ in
Hawaii, some Hawaiians (steal) 37________________ one of his boats. When Cook (try 38 __________
ook and his men (try)
out 39 ____________ in which the natives
to get the boat back from the natives, a violent fight (break out)
(stab)40 ________________ James Cook to death.

8. Read the text ENGLISH AT WORK AND PLAY p. 12-13 and match the words to their definition:
WORD DEFINITION
emergence 1…………………………….. the job or activity of managing the relationships between countries
accelerate 2………………………….…. more powerful, important, or noticeable than other people or things
adoption 3…………………….………. when something begins to be known or noticed
dominant 4…………………………….. a person who was not born in the country he/she lives
diplomacy 5…………………………….. to happen faster than usual or sooner than you expect
decade 6…………………………….. the act of starting to use a particular plan, method, way of speaking etc
non-native 7…………….…………….… to send out electronic signals, messages etc using radio, television, or
other similar equipment
transmit 8…………………………….. a period of 10 years
VOCABULARY EXPANSION
9. BUSINESS COLLOCATIONS: Complete the sentences with expressions from the box: in business
1. Higher interest rates will drive small firms ____________________________. about their business
2. The company has been _________________________ for over thirty years. out of business
3. Okay, let's get _______________________________. your own business
4. The street was full of ordinary people going ____________________________. none of your business
5. It's _____________________________ how much I weigh. down to business
6. 'Who's that girl you were with?''Mind ________________________________.
10. Put the words related to the FILM INDUSTRY next to the appropriate heading:
actor, actress, soundtrack, action film, animation, sound engineer, comedy, theme,
cameraman, feature film, set decorator, scriptwriter, trailer, drama, cast, thriller, cartoon,
director, western, horror film, editor, film crew, war film, producer, footage
a. types of film: _____________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________________________
b. the people starring in a film: ________________________________________________________________
c. the people who make a film: ________________________________________________________________
d. the music for a film: _______________________________________________________________________
e. a short film advertising another film: _________________________________________________________
11. Read the text VARIETIES OF ENGLISH p. 14-15 and try to find words in it which mean:
1. ____________________ (n) the level that is considered to be acceptable
2. ____________________ (n) a language that is a mixture of two other languages
3. ____________________ (v) to change
4. ____________________ (phr.v) to meet unexpectedly
5. ____________________ (n) a rule, problem that prevents people from doing something, or limits them
6. ____________________ (adj) extremely funny

CULTURAL LINKS FILE 2 - IDENTITY
1. CONFUSING WORDS from the text THE FOUR NATIONS p. 18
consist of • be made up of • be made of • be made out of • be composed of • comprise • constitute
Study theses phrases from the text and the Usage note and then circle the right verb form in the following sentences:
The British islands consist of two large islands and hundreds of smaller ones.
The UK is made up of four nations: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
Ireland
The group consists of / comprises / is made up of / is composed of / is comprised of ten people.
Ten people make up / constitute / comprise / compose / form the group.
consist of is the only one that can be used for activities with the -ing
ing form of a verb
made out of is used for components of a machine or raw materials used for making sth
1. Their diet consists /composes largely of vegetables.

2. The city's population comprises/ composes mainly Asians and Europeans.
3. Women make up /consist 56% of the student numbers.
4. People under the age of 40 constitute / comprise the majority of the labour force.
5. The executive board is made up of / is made out of public officials, citizens,
zens, and businesspeople.
6. The old swing was made out of / composed of an old tire.
7. The earth's atmosphere is composed / is consisted mainly of nitrogen, oxygen, and carbon dioxide.
8. The party that wins the election will comprise / form the next government.
2. Complete the sentences with GEOGRAPHICAL TERMS. TERMS. The first letter is given to you:
you
1. Great Britain is an i_____________.
_____________.
2. It's divided into three c _______________: England, Scotland and Wales.
3. London is the c_____________
_____________ of England and the United Kingdom (Great Britain and Northern Ireland).
4. The r_____________
_____________ Thames runs right through the city.
5. In summer many British people spend their holidays by the s____________.
6. England has some nice holiday resorts with lovely sandy b______________.
7. But there are also steep c____________,
____________, like in Dover or Folkestone for example.
8. If you want to see Nessie, then you must go to the famous British l__________,
__________, Loch Ness.
9. It is in Scotland and so is Great Britain's highest m_____________, Ben Nevis.
10. If you climb Ben Nevis and the weather is fine, you will have a wonderful view over the b___________ below.
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
3. WORD FORMATION - Complete the following sentences with the right form of words found
in the text NATIONAL IDENTITY p. 20-21
20
a. I have a real problem with ______________ of information. RETAIN

b. We ________________ meet for a drink after work. OCCASION
c. She is one of the most _________________ figures in local politics. INFLUENCE
d. Her triumph was a cause for __________________. CELEBRATE
e. Graduates have to fight for jobs in a highly _________________
______ market. COMPETE
f. The country is enjoying a period
od of peace and __________________. PROSPEROUS
g. They gave no _________________ ___ of how the work should be done. INDICATE
h. The children were impressed with the projection of three-___________________ images. DIMENSION

LANGUAGE AWARENESS
4. PHRASAL VERB-PASS: Match the following phrasal verbs to their definition,, then use them to complete the
sentences:
pass away go past a. Will you be passing _________
____ the supermarket on your way home?
pass onto die b. His mother passed _____________ last year.
pass out not exploit sth c. Sometimes I feel that all the best things in life are passing me ______.
pass up give sth to sb after d. When I saw him after all these years,, I almost passed ________.
receiving it yourself e. Imagine passing _________ an offer like that!
pass by faint f. She said she'd pass the message ___________ her he father.
5. CONFUSING WORDS from the text BRITAIN, A CULTURAL KALEIDOSCOPE p. 22-23 23: Choose the best alternative:
national /ethnic • diversity/difference • nationality/citizenship • care for/about • familiar to/with
1. The schooll teaches pupils from different national/ethnic groups.

2. We refuse to sign any treaty that is against our national/ethnic interests.
3. There is a need for greater diversity/difference and choice in education.
4. There are no significant diversities/differences between the education systems of the two countries.
5. They drafted several translators to speak to the different citizenships/nationalities in the camp.
6. You can apply for citizenship/nationality after five years' residency.
7. The children are well cared for/about.
for/about
8. I care for/about him and hate to see him hurt like this.
9. Are you familiar to/with this type of machine?
10. The signs of drug addiction are familiar to/with most doctors.
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
6. GRAMMAR CHECK - PRESENT TENSES: Complete the interview using S. Present and Present Perfect Continuous:
Interviewer: Jane, how long (learn/you)1___________________________________
________________ English?
Jane: I (learn)2_____________________________
___________ English for six years. It's one of my favourite subjects.
Interviewer: What other subjects (like/you)3__________________________?
Jane: I also (love)4________________________ art and physical education.
Interviewer: How often (do/you)5_____________________________
____________________________ sports per week?
Jane: I (go) _____________________ jogging every morning and I (play)7 ____________________ in my school’s
6
school
basketball team for two years. We (train)8______________________three times a week.
Interviewer: And what about art? (paint/you)9_________________________ a lot?
Jane: Oh yes, I (paint)10____________________________ since I was just two years old.
7. GRAMMAR CHECK - PRESENT TENSES: Complete the interview using Present Perfect Simple and Continuous:
Tom: Hi Anna. I (try)1 _________________________ to ring you several times today.
Where (you / be)2___________________________
_______________________?
Anna: I (be)3________________________ at home all the time. But I (clean)4________________________ the
house all day, so maybe I didn't hear the phone ring.
Tom: (you / clean)5________________________ everything now?
Anna: No, not yet. I (tidy / not)6_________________________ up the kitchen yet. But why are you here?
n't you remember? Jane (invite)7_________________________ us to her birthday party and we
Tom: Don't

(not/ buy)8_________________________ a present for her yet.

Anna: Oh, that's right. (you / find out / already)9___________________________________what she wants?
Tom: Well, she (learn)10_______________________________ Spanish for a year and wants to spend her next
holiday in Mexico. Maybe we could get her a guide book.
Anna: That's a good idea. There is a good bookshop in the big shopping centre. I (see)11 __________________ some
nice books about Mexico there recently.
8. Find words or phrases in the text AMERICA, A NATION OF IMMIGRANTS p. 24-25 which mean:
1. ___________________ (n) the act of to treating sb in a cruel and unfair way, especially because of their race,
religion or political beliefs
2. ___________________ (n) permission to enter a building or place, or to become a member of a club etc
3. ___________________ (v) to find the origins of when something began or where it came from
4. ___________________ (v) to go and live in another area or country, especially in order to find work
5. ___________________ (v) to leave somewhere very quickly, in order to escape from danger TENSES fled - fled
6. ___________________ (adj) unjust
7. ___________________ (n) someone who lives or stays in a particular place
8. ___________________ (n) rules or laws that limit or control what people can do
9. Study these phrases from the text AMERICA, A NATION OF IMMIGRANTS p. 24-25 then use them in the right
form to complete the sentences:
to pass a law/legislation • to reach one’s peak • to escape persecution • to deny sb admission • to be
known as/for • to settle in a country • to achieve success • in search of • equal opportunities
a. Our education system should provide ________________________ for all children.
b. This territory was __________________________ in the mid-1850s by German immigrants.
c. Sales this month have ______________________ new __________________. They are higher than ever.
d. He fled the country to _________________________________.
e. The government has _____________________new ________________ to protect consumers.
f. He opened the fridge _____________________________ something to eat.
g. Women were __________________________________ to the club until recently.
h. The region _______________________________ its fine wines.
i. Wilson has __________________considerable _________________ as an artist.
10. WORD FOCUS -SHOWING CRUELTY: Use the following verbs in the right form to complete the sentences:
be cruel to • mistreat/ill-treat • bully • abuse • persecute • treat sb like dirt • pick on • victimize
a. A group of girls would ______________ the younger kids, and force them to give them money. (intimidate)
b. She found refuge in a hostel for women who have been ____________ by their husbands. (physically)
c. It is unspeakably ________________ the prisoners to house them in such conditions.
d. It looks as though this dog has been ___________________by its owner.
e. She treats him ________________ but he still loves her.
f. The union claimed that some of its members had been _________________for taking part in the strike.
g. Throughout history, people have been ________________ for their religious beliefs.
h. Why don't you ________________ someone your own size?

11. Match these words from the text THE USA, A PLURALIST SOCIETY p. 26-27 to their definition:
ancestry one part of a situation, idea, plan

account for a set of basic laws and principles that a country or organization is governed by
blend to appear or come out from somewhere
aspect a short sentence or phrase expressing the aims or beliefs of a person or institution
motto to keep at the same pace or standard as before
emerge to form a particular amount or part of something
constitution the family or the race of people that you come from
maintain to combine different things
12. Find words in the first paragraph of the text FOOD p. 28-29 which mean:
1. ___________________ (v) to leave sb or a place, to stop doing sth
2. ___________________ (v) to become larger or move so as to affect more people or a larger area
3. ___________________ (v) to use a new style of speaking, writing, or behaving
4. ___________________ (v) to adjust
5. ___________________ (n) one of the foods that you use to make a particular food or dish
6. ___________________ (adj) having a strong taste often giving you a pleasant burning feeling in the mouth
7. ___________________ (v) to show or be a sign of a particular situation or feeling
8. ___________________ (n) a combination
13. WORD FOCUS -TASTE: Choose from the following expressions to complete the sentences:
to develop/acquire a taste for to taste good/bad/awful to suit/satisfy/cater for somebody's tastes
to have a good/bad taste in to have similar tastes in sth to be in bad taste
to get a taste of for my taste a matter of personal taste
1. We have ______________________________ music. We both like jazz.

2. While she was in France she ________________________________ fine wines.
3. There are books to ________________________everyone's tastes.
4. The colours were much too bright _____________________________.
5. Some people have a really ___________________________ clothes.
6. She realized that her indiscreet remark about his previous wife had been ________________________.
7. By visiting the park, schoolchildren can ________________________________ the countryside first-hand.
8. Choosing a wedding dress is all _________________________________.
9. Mmm! This cake ____________________________________! Will you give me the recipe?
14. WAYS OF COOKING: Here are some ways of preparing food. Can you match them to their definition?
Which of them also appear in the text?
chop • dice • steam • boil • simmer • fry • stir-fry • bake • roast • grill/broil • melt • mince • grate • peel
1. to cook food in an oven, for example bread, cakes, or potatoes: ____________
2. to cook food in very hot water : ____________
3. to cut sth into pieces with a sharp tool such as a knife: _______________

4. to cook small pieces of food quickly by moving them around continuously in very hot oil: ______________
5. to cook food slowly in water that is boiling very gently: _____________
6. to make sth become liquid or soft as a result of heating:
heating ______________
7. to cut the outside part off an onion, apple etc: ____________
8. to cook food in hot oil, butter, or fat: ____________
9. to cook food by putting it directly underneath a flame or a heated electric object: _____________
10. to cook food in the
he hot mist that water produces when it is boiled: _____________
11. to cut food, especially meat, into very small pieces, usually using a machine: ______________
12. to cook meat or vegetables in an oven or over a fire: ____________
13. to cut food into
nto small square pieces: ____________
14. to cut cheese or vegetables into small pieces by rubbing them against a special tool: ____________
___________
raw (not cooked) rare (meat cooked for a short time)

time well-done (meat cooked for a long time)
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
15. GRAMMAR CHECK-MIXED
MIXED TENSES:
TENSES Fill the gaps with the correct tenses.
The London Dungeon
The London Dungeon (lie)1 ______________ in the oldest part of London - in an old
subterranean prison (that's what the word Dungeon (stand)2 __________________for.. The
museum (take)3 _________________its visitors on a journey through England's bloody history. It (demonstrate)
4
_________________the brutal killings and tortures of the past. You (can/ experience) 5_________________ for
example how people (die)6 ______________ on the Gallow or during the Plague of 1665.
The Dungeon also (show)7________________ scenes of Jack the Ripper or the beheading of Anne Boleyn, who (be)
8
atmosphere at the Dungeon (be)9 __________ really scary -
_________________ one of Henry VIII’s six wives. The atmosphere
hearted. While you (walk)10___________________
nothing for the faint-hearted. ______ around the Dungeon, watch out for creepy
11
creatures - the Dungeon (employ) ________________ actors to give its visitors the fright
frigh of their lives. The actors,
12 13
(dress) _____________ as monsters, ghosts or executers, (hide) _________________
__________ in the dark corners of the
14 15
Dungeon and then suddenly (jump) ______________ out and (grab) _____________ one of the visitors.
And the horror (end / not)16______________ at the exit of the exhibition.
(you / eat / ever)17_____________
___________aa pizza with fingers and eyeballs on it? Well, if you
(fancy) ___________ that kind of food, you (love)19______________ the meals at the Dungeon restaurant. The
18
museum (want)20_____________ to provoke, shock, educate and delight. delight And this it
21
(do) ______________extremely (attract 22_______________ many
extremely well. Since its opening in 1975, the Dungeon (attract)
visitors from all over the world. Besides the regular opening hours, the Dungeon sometimes also
(open)23______________at night. If you (have)
(have 24_____________ enough money and nerves of steel, you (can /book)
/book
25
_____________ the Dungeon for parties, conferences or charity events at night. And on 31 October, a frightfully
good Halloween Party (take place)26___________________at
_______ at the Dungeon every year.
AWARENESS FESTIVALS p. 30-31
16. Complete the sentences with words or expressions from the text. The first letter is given to you:
a. The church d_____________________
________ to the 13th century. (has existed since)
b. Thousands have been e___________
______________________ for political crimes. (killed legally as a punishment)
c. When camping, we usually roast marshmallows on a b___________________. (a large outdoor fire)
d. As the weeks passed, I g_________________
__________________ accepted the idea of him leaving. (slowly)

e. September is usually h___________________ time. (the time when crops are gathered from the fields)
f. Our original proposals were not i____________________ in the new legislation. (included)
g. Don't forget insect repellent to w______________________ the mosquitoes. (protect yourself from)
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
17. WORD FOCUS: HOLIDAY DON’T SAY SAY
1. This was his first Christmas ___________ abroad. be on holidays be on holiday
2. We're going to Spain for our _____________. go on holidays go on holiday
3. I didn't _______________a proper holiday this year. come back from holidays come back from holiday
4. Mrs Southey is ____________ in Florida. make a holiday have a holiday
5. The 4th of July is a national ___________ in the US. go on your holiday go on your holidays
18. Read the text MUSIC p. 32-33 and find words or phrases in it to match the following definitions:
1. __________________ (v) to have a strong effect on sb/sth
2. __________________ (n) someone who is owned by another person and works for them for no money
3. __________________ (n) ceremony always performed in the same way, to mark an important religious or social
occasion
4. __________________ (v) to change into a different form
5. __________________ (v) to officially end a law, system etc, especially one that has existed for a long time
6. __________________ (n) words of a song
7. __________________ (n) a vehicle with two wheels pulled by a horse, used in ancient times in battles and races
8. __________________ (n) the members of your family who lived a long time ago / predecessors
9. __________________ (adj) not for voices
10. __________________ (v) to say a poem, piece of literature for people to listen to
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
19. WORD FORMATION: Complete the sentences with NOUNS ending in (-al, -ion, -ance, -ence, -ation, -ment)
derived from the words in CAPITALS:
a. The government issued an official _________________ of the rumour. DENY

b. ____________________ to the museum is only $3.50. ADMIT
c. My accountant advised me to protect my investments from _________________. TAX
d. 10 Downing Street is the British Prime Minister's official __________________. RESIDENT
e. They read about his ____________________ in the press, and were filled with pride. ACHIEVE
f. The caretaker is responsible for the __________________ of the school buildings. MAINTAIN
g. The poor woman decided to put the baby up for _______________. ADOPT
h. Each state receives equal _________________________ in the U.S. Senate. REPRESENT
i. Our office is responsible for the _____________ of the new marketing plan. EXECUTE
j. Immigrants have contributed to the ________________ of foreign words into the language. INCORPORATE
k. Local people are protesting about the proposed _____________ of a park into a parking lot. CONVERT
l. The American Civil War resulted in the __________________ of slavery. ABOLISH
m. The acclaimed pianist has given numerous _________________ all over Europe. RECITE

CULTURAL LINKS
INKS FILE 3 – ENGLISH-SPEAKING
SPEAKING COUNTRIES
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
1. Find the adjective form of these nouns in the text THE UNITED KINGDOM p. 36-37.
37. What do you observe?
south - _____________, power- ______________, economy- _____________, grade- ____________,
industry- _______________, peace- _______________, europe- _______________, continent-
continent _____________
2. WORD FORMATION-ADJECTIVES: Many adjectives can be formed by adding the suffixes listed in the chart to a
word stem. Put the words below in the correct column, making any necessary spelling changes:
adventure, instrument, dead, benefit, friend, awe, philosophy, digit, religion, irony, mother, trouble,
tro disaster,
origin, marvel, drama, quarrel, culture, astronomy, economy,
economy agriculture, adverb, brother, influence,
burden, prosper, coward, sympathy
-ial -ical -ic -ly -al -ous
ous -some
3. Some of the following words have adjectives in many categories:

wonder,
onder, beauty, communicate, believe, hope, comfort, comprehend, sense, access, thought, horrify,
captivate, shame, attend, agree, cure, fascinate, shame, expense,
expense describe
-able -ive -ful -less -ed/-ing
ing -ible
4. Look at these adjectives from the text LONDON p. 38-39. Which word do they characterize?
Can you match them to their definition?
definition
unrivalled …………………….…….…... crucial
instrumental ……………………………. unusual and different from most
vibrant ………………………..…………… important
heated …………………………………..… better than any other
significant ……………………………….. outstanding
notable ……………………………….….. full of activity, lively
prominent ………………………….….… full of angry and excited feelings
unique …………………………….…….… noticeable
eccentric ……………………………..….. very impressive
spectacular ……………………………... the only one of its kind
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
5. CONFUSING WORDS: historic/historical • economic/economical • hot/heated • principle/principal
1. Was King Arthur a real historic/historical figure? (connected to the study of history)
2. 'It is a historic/historical moment,' he told journalists. (important)
3. People are protesting against the government's economic/economical policy (financial)
4. Hybrid cars are very economic/economical!
economic/economical (cheap, not wasteful)

CULTURAL LINKS FILE 3 – ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES
5. There was a hot/heated debate, but by the casting vote of the chairman we got our grant. (angry, excited)
6. Swimming in this hot/heated pool feels like diving into a hot/heated bathtub. (high temperature)
7. He was taken to the school principle/principal for smashing a window. (headteacher)
8. It's against my principles/principals to accept gifts from clients. (moral rules/beliefs)
6. NEGATIVE PREFIXES: Add the following (anti-, dis-, mis-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, un-, counter-) to give the opposite
of the adjectives:
1. possible ………………………………… 11. significant …………………………..…………..
2. decent …………………………………. 12. forgettable …………………………..…………..
3. logical …………………………………. 13. encouraging……………………………………….
4. probable……………………………….. 14. responsible …………………………..…………..
5. happy …………………………………. 15. nuclear ………………………………………..
6. rational…………………………………. 16. fair ………………………………………..
7. informed……………………………….. 17. regular ………………………………………..
8. social …………………………………. 18. honest ………………………………………..
9. fortunate ……………………………… 19. productive ………………………………………..
10. capable ………………………………… 20. legal ………………………………………..
7. WORD FOCUS - GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES : a) How many words related to geography can you find in the text
IRELAND p. 40-41? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
b) Match the following geographical terms to their definition:
valley • ravine/gorge • canyon • forest • bank • peninsula • oasis • bay • lake • tide • cliff
• meadow • beach •cascade • stream • cave • hill • coast • peak • quicksand
land along the side of a river or lake
a part of the sea that is partly enclosed by a curve in the land
an area of sand or small stones at the edge of the sea or a lake
a deep valley with very steep sides of rock that usually has a river running through it
a small steep waterfall
a large natural hole in the side of a cliff or hill, or under the ground
a large area of rock or a mountain with a very steep side, often at the edge of the sea or a river
the area where the land meets the sea
an area of land that is higher than the land around it, like a mountain but smaller
a large area of water surrounded by land
a field with wild grass and flowers
a place with water and trees in a desert
the sharply pointed top of a mountain
wet sand that is dangerous because you sink down into it if you try to walk on it
a deep narrow valley with steep sides
a natural flow of water that moves across the land and is narrower than a river
the regular rising and falling of the level of the sea
an area of lower land between two lines of hills or mountains, usually with a river flowing
through it
an area of land covered with trees
a piece of land almost completely surrounded by water but joined to a large area of land

CULTURAL LINKS
SPEAKING COUNTRIES
8. Read the text DUBLIN p. 42-43,
43, and complete the sentences:
WORD FOCUS - SPORTS: You can play almost any sport in Ireland, such as ________________________, but the t most
popular sports are Gaelic Football and ___________________. The former looks like football, while the latter is similar
to _______________ and is played with a stick called a _____________.
What sports are more popular in your country? How are they
the played? See if you can match
m the following sports to
their venues and their equipment:
SPORT VENUE EQUIPMENT

football alley belt
golf rapids running shoes
tennis pitch gloves
weight-lifting gym racket
ice-skating course paddle
canoeing ring pins
boxing court club
bowling track shin pads
athletics rink ice-skates
9. Read the text THE USA p. 44-45 and find words in it that mean:
1. ___________________ (n) a large area of sea partly enclosed by land
2. ___________________ (n) a large area of flat dry land
3. ___________________ (n) animals such as cows and sheep that are kept on a farm
4. ___________________ (adj) very dry
5. ___________________ (adj) able to produce good crops/ opp. sterile
ster
6. ___________________ (n) the top or highest point of something such as a hill or a wave
7. ___________________ (n) a religious person who travels a long way to a holy place
8. ___________________(v)
(v) to become larger
la in size, number, or amount
9. ___________________ (n) difficult or unpleasant condition
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
10. PHRASAL VERBS: FALL, RUN. Study the table and use the verbs in the right form to complete the sentences.
fall back on use in case of emergency fall through fail to happen

fall behind delay run away with sb secretely go away with sb
fall for sb/sth start to love sb / be deceived run short of not have much of
fall out with have an argument with run out of not have any left
1. She hurt her ankle and ________________ the others.

2. His wife has ___________________ another man.
3. He is too smart to _______________ that trick.
4. Carrie's is so hot-tempered
tempered that she’s always ____________ with people.
5. They ______________________ money and had to abandon the project.
6. The studio planned to make a movie of the book but the deal ___________________.

11. Match the words from the text NEW YORK p. 46-47 to their definitions:
host an informal, often humorous, name for a person connected with their their personality or appearance
equivalent not real or true; existing only in stories
nickname something you buy cheaply or for less than its usual price
fictional to organize an event to which others are invited and make all the arrangements for them
borough a town, or part of a large city, that is responsible for managing its own schools, hospitals, roads
bargain having the same value, purpose, job etc as a person or thing of a different kind
12. Combine words from both tables to form common expressions found in the text:
a shopper’s designer flea a sports a double-decker a boat ethnic
market fan background paradise ride labels bus
13. WORD FOCUS-APPLE: New York City is called the BIG APPLE. There are several expressions with the word
APPLE. Can you match the following to their meaning? Then use them to complete the sentences.
Adam’s apple one bad person who has a bad effect on all the others in a group
to be as American as apple pie children are usually similar to their parents, especially in a bad way
the apple doesn't fall far from the tree to completely spoil someone's plans
to be the apple of somebody's eye the lump at the front of your neck that moves when you talk or swallow
a rotten apple to be typically American
to upset the apple cart to be loved very much by someone
a. Just when you think you have got your finances in order, something or comes along to _________________.
b. Ben has always been __________________________ his father's _____________.
c. If you have one ___________________________ in the class, it has a bad impact on all the others.
d. He became a gambler like his father. It’s sad to see that ___________________________________________.
14. Complete the phrases with adjectives from the text CANADA p. 48-49:
1. (rough and uneven) ____________________ country
2. (impossible to live in) ___________________ land
3. (huge) _______________________________ expanses
4. (having green leaves all through the year) ___________________ forests
5. (grass-eating) _______________________ cattle
6. (unforgettable) ______________________ trip
7. (guided) ___________________________ tours
8. (impressive) ________________________ buildings
9. (very difficult and unpleasant) _____________________________ climate
10. (excellent) _________________________ quality
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
15. WORD FORMATION: Complete the sentences with the right form of the words in CAPITALS from the text.
1. Twenty of the houses damaged by the storm were declared ____________________________. INHABIT
2. The politician shook hands and offered words of ___________________ to victims of the tsunami. ENCOURAGE
3. The continual drought posed a serious threat to the ___________________ production. AGRICULTURE

4. We travelled across a broad ______________ of desert. EXPAND

5. The view from the top floor is absolutely __________________. SPECTACLE
6. The _________________ of Hollywood in global film industry is undeniable. DOMINATE
7. 2011 was marked as a year of ________________ economic crisis. WORLD
8. Children like a _________________ environment. STABILITY
9. The low-budget film made the young actress an _______________ success. NIGHT
10. "Those were the days," said grandma with a ______________________ sigh. REMINISCE
16. The words in bold italics are in the wrong sentences. Guess their meaning from the text
CANADA, A BILINGUAL COUNTRY p. 50-51 and find the correct sentence for each word.
1. He claims he is a direct avalanche of Napoleon Bonaparte. ________________

2. Montreal is an important centre of temporary and industry. ________________
3. Because of the descendant location, the rescue team members were flown in by helicopter. ____________
4. She was employed on a remote basis. _______________
5. Two skiers were killed in the commerce. _______________
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
come across find by chance
17. PHRASAL VERB – COME: Study the phrasal verbs and then use
come along accompany
them in the right form to complete the sentences.
come by obtain, visit
1. I've never ______________________ anyone quite like her before. come down with get sick
2. He’s still in a coma. He hasn’t _____________________ yet. come into inherit
3. We have to ____________________________ a better excuse. come off succeed
4. When is his new novel _________________________? come out become known, be
5. Jobs were hard to _______________________ during the war. published
6. The holiday didn’t __________________________ my expectations. come round/to regain consciousness
7. I think I'm ___________________________________ a cold. come up to reach
8. She'll _____________________________ quite a lot of money when come up with invent, think up
her father dies
AUSTRALIA, THE LAND «DOWN UNDER» p. 52-53
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
18. PHRASAL VERBS with DOWN: Match the phrasal verbs to their definition and then use some of them
to complete the sentences:
break down become less important

burn down criticize/ write down/ kill an old or ill animal
close down decrease the consumption of
cut down on become more serious
die down stop working for machines / become upset or mentally ill
hand down destroy a building by setting fire to it
put down close permanently
settle down pass down to next generation
a. All the worry and anxiety had been too much for her, and she suddenly _________________ in tears.
b. I'm trying to ________________________ the amount of coffee I drink.

c. The ring was _____________________ to her from her grandmother.

d. She was worried that the house might ________________ while they were away.
e. Are you ______________________ everything I am telling you?
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
19. PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES with UNDER: Using the preposition UNDER and one of the following
words/expressions, complete the sentences.
the circumstances age arrest construction cover

pressure the impression that consideration the influence of stress
a. I was ________________________ that he was a mere employee but it turned out that she was working
__________________ to get information on the manager’s embezzlement.
b. Under _______________________, it became very difficult to work smoothly together.
c. The hotel is currently _____________________ and will be finished in May.
d. David was placed ________________________ for driving __________________ of alcohol.
e. After allegations at the press that he was having an affair with an _____________________ girl,
the minister was ___________________ to resign.
f. Janet's been _____________ a lot of ______________ since her mother's illness.
20. Read the text SYDNEY p. 54-55 and with your books closed fill in the blanks with the right prepositions:
Sydney is built ______ hills surrounding a large harbour _______ Australia’s south-east
coast and was named Sydney ________ Lord Sydney, the British Home Secretary. The
Aborigines arrived _______ Asia _______ about 40,000 B.C. and were the first people
______ settle ______ Australia. Although they adapted their lifestyle _______ suit the
land and the climate, many of them died ________ diseases they caught _______ the settlers. Others were forced to
give _______ their nomadic lifestyle and move _______ settlements _____ cattle farms
_______ low salaries. _________ the 1960’s they have been fighting ________ their rights. Today more than 70%
______ Aborigines live _______ urban areas. Their stories of Dreamtime are passed _______ generation ______
generation _________ art, poetry, music and dance.
21. Combine words from the two lines to form expressions from the text
NEW ZEALAND, LAND OF THE KIWIS p. 56-57 and complete the sentences:
thermal scenic snowcapped green tourist urban ethnic
mountains population minority areas pastures destinations landscape
1. The islands are renowned for their ___________________ and sulphur baths which have healing powers.
2. The ________________________, 2,642 metres high, offer astounding views.
3. China's growing _________________________ accounts for the pollution problem in major cities.
4. Mykonos is one of the most popular ___________________________ in the world.
5. The construction of dams has changed the character of the ________________________.
6. In some areas woodland and _________________ were cleared and new settlements established.

22. Find words/phrases in the text CHRISTCHURCH p. 58-59, which mean:
1. ___________________ (n) colonists
2. ___________________ (adv) clearly
3. ___________________ (adj) reminding of
4. ___________________ (n) a large mass of ice which moves slowly down a mountain valley
5. ___________________ (adj) native
6. ___________________ (n) predecessor, forefather
7. ___________________ (n) a continuous movement of water in a river, lake, or sea
8. ___________________ (v) to sail along a river or other area of water
9. ___________________ (adv) in spoken, not written form
10. ___________________ (n) an old story, often about brave people, adventures, or magical events
11. ___________________ (v) to frighten or threaten
12. ___________________ (n) adversary, someone you try to defeat in a competition, fight, or argument
13. ___________________ (adj) important
14. ___________________ (n) your social or professional rank or position / prestige
15. ___________________ (n) reappearance and growth of something that was common in the past
23. Match the words from the text SOUTH AFRICA p. 60-61 to their definition:
escarpment a state of disagreement or argument between people, groups, countries

plateau people from the Netherlands
provinces related to a person or group who lived a long time ago
urbanized when people of different races, sexes, or religions are kept apart , live, work, or study
separately
minerals a high steep slope or cliff between two levels on a hill or mountain
descended substances such as coal, salt, stone, or gold that are formed naturally in the earth and can be
dug out of the ground and used
Dutch large areas into which some countries are divided, and which usually have their own local
government
segregation area with a lot of houses, factories, shops and offices
conflict a large area of flat land that is higher than the land around it
WILDLIFE IN SOUTH AFRICA p. 62-63
24. The words in bold italics are in the wrong sentences. Guess their meaning from
Caroline’s diary about her South Africa Safari Tour p. 63 and find the correct sentence for each word.
a. The poem succeeds in staggering the imagination. ____________
b. Her soul was struck by the beauty of the place. ____________
c. The teacher privileged his disapproval, when I walked into the class without knocking. ____________
d. The lions foiled and killed a herd of antilopes. ____________
e. The floorboards creaked as she walked across the room, which stalked her plot to sneak in quietly. ______
f. I was awakened by Hugh's uncanny likeness to his father. ____________
g. They were surrounded by stirring natural beauty and wildlife. _____________
h. In many countries today only a snorted minority get the chance of going to university. ____________

CULTURAL LINKS
SPEAKING COUNTRIES
25. WORD FOCUS-ANIMAL FAMILIES:
FAMILIE Put the following animals in their right family:
sheep • bees • porpoises • dogs • goats • ants • lions • cattle • fish • wolves • wasps •
elephants • dolphins • geese • locusts • birds
FAMILY ANIMALS
a herd of
a flock of
a pack of
a shoal of
a school of
a pride of
a swarm of
a colony of
A gaggle of
26. WORD FOCUS-ANIMAL SPECIES:
SPECIES Fill in the blanks with the right word:
herbivore • marsupial • bird • omnivore • amphibian • fish • rodent • carnivore • mammal • reptile
animal that drinks milk from its mother's body when it is young._____________________
cold - blooded animal, such as a snake or lizard that lays eggs: ______________________
cold - blooded animal that lives both on land and in water: _________________________
animal that eats meat:: ________________________
animal that eats plants: _______________________
________
animal that eats both plant and meat:
meat ______________________
animal that has large front teeth:
teeth _______________________
mammal that carries its babies in a pouch outside its body:y: ___________________
animal that breathes through gills and lives
live in water: __________________
warm - blooded animal with feathers and wings:_________________
27. Read the text INDIA p. 64-65 and find which words correspond to the following definitions:
1. _________________ (adj) land or soil that has no plants growing on it
2. _________________ (n) a large area of flat land that is higher than the land around it
3. _________________ (adj) thick (of vegetation)
4. _________________ (adj) secondary, less important
5. _________________
________________ (adv) previously
6. _________________ (n) a businessman/woman
businessman who has great power and influence in a
particular industry
7. _________________ (adj) producing a great number of films
8. _________________ (n) housess or areas of a city in very bad condition, where very poor people live
9. _________________ (adj) publicly praised by a lot of people
10. _________________
____ (n) a serious argument that involves many people and continues for a long time

CULTURAL LINKS
SPEAKING COUNTRIES
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
28. WORD FOCUS-RICH: Fill in the collocational grid:
grid
existence residence furniture car gift style society family man country food voice
/house
rich
well off
well-to-do
wealthy
affluent
opulent
prosperous
29. THE HISTORY OF INDIA p. 66--67 - Fill in the blanks with the rightt form of the words in brackets:
Gandhi is a 1982 _________ (high) acclaimed _______________ (biography) film based

on the life of Mahatma Gandhi, who led the nonviolent _________________ (resist)
movement against British rule in India during the first half of the 20th century. The film
begins with Gandhi's _________________________ (assassinate) inate) on 30 January 1948,
and his funeral. The story flashes back 55 years to a life-changing
changing event: in 1893, Gandhi is
thrown off a South African train for being an Indian sitting in a first-class
first compartment
despite having a ticket. ________________ (appal) by the _______________ (discriminate)
of the laws against Indians, he decides to start a non-violent
non violent protest campaign for the rights
of all Indians in South Africa. Gandhi is then invited back to India, where he is urged to take
the _______________(lead)
__________ in the fight for India's ________________ (independent) from
the British Empire. Gandhi agrees, and launches a _____________ (peace) ______________ (disobey) and non-
cooperation campaign. There are some setbacks, such as violence against the ______________ (protest) and Gandhi's
______________ (repeat) _________________.
_________________ (imprison)
____________ (religion) tensions between Hindus and Muslims erupt into nation-wide wide ___________. (violent)
Gandhi declares a _____________ (hungry) strike, saying he will not eat until the fighting stops. Despite his
________________ (commit) to religious ______________ (tolerate) and his ____________ (criticize) of the caste
system, a Hindu fanatic shoots him. This day is ___________________ (memory) as a National Holiday in India.
30. THE ENVIRONMENT p. 68-69 - Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence:
endangered species • greenhouse gases • global warming • fossil fuels • nature reserve • polar ice caps • exhaust
fumes • deforestation • ozone layer • acid rain •
1. Scientists estimate that ________________________

____________ could cause a six degree rise in temperatures by 2100.
2. International controls are needed to reduce emissions of __________________________
__________________.
3. The increase in the incidence of skin cancer is directly due to the hole in the __________
___________________.
4. Although the tiger is an ___________________________,
__________ , it is still hunted in some areas.
5. ___________________, that is, the cutting or burning down of trees, has been shown to cause floods and drought.
6. _________________________ emitted by cars contain dioxide and nitrogen oxide. oxid
7. Excessive burning of _______________________
________________ is directly linked to atmospheric pollution.
pollution
8. ____________________ contains harmful chemicals from factory gases and damages trees, crops and buildings.
9. The melting of _______________________
________________ results in rising sea levels and flooding.
10. An area of land in which animals and plants are protected is called a _______________________
______________.

LANGUAGE AWARENESS
31. WORD FORMATION: Give the derivative:
legend (adj) symbol (v)
distinct (n) elect (n)
urban (v) announce (n)
fertile (n) sacred (n)
province (adj) controversy (adj)
portray (n) dense (n)
CARBON FOOTPRINT p. 70-71

LANGUAGE AWARENESS
32. WAYS TO CONSERVE ENERGY AT HOME: Match the two columns to make
meaningful sentences:
1. Clean or replace air filters a. minimize door opening while it is in use
2. Turn off unneeded lights even when b. with energy efficient ones
3. When using an oven c. leaving a room for a short time
4. Use a microwave whenever you can d. when not in use
5. Wash clothes e. instead of a conventional oven or stove
6. Turn off lights, computers and other appliances f. and lower in winter when you are away
7. Use compact fluorescent light bulbs g. on your air conditioning unit at least once a month
8. Keep your thermostat higher in summer h. to shade your home
9. Plant trees i. to save money and energy
10. Replace old windows j. with warm or cold water instead of hot
33. GRAMMAR CHECK-FUTURE TENSES. Fill in with S.Future, Going to Future, Future Continuous, Future Perfect:
1. This time next week we _____________________________ (lie) on the beach.
2. We ____________________________ (fall) asleep by the time he returns.
3. Matilda ______________________________ (buy) a new car next week.
4. They __________________________________ (probably get) married next month.
5. Watch out! That branch ___________________________ (fall) on your head!
6. I am sure this plan _______________________ (work).
7. Don’t call me before ten o’clock. I ____________________ (sleep).
8. The phone’s ringing. I ___________________ (answer) it!
34. GRAMMAR CHECK- Put the words in brackets into the correct form to make CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:
1. If you (wash) ____________your clothes with warm or cold water, you ___________ (consume) less energy.
2. If they (listen)_____________________to the radio earlier, they (hear)_____________________the news.
3. I (earn)___________________a lot of money if I (get)_________________that job.
4. If she (hurry / not)______________________, we (miss)_____________________the bus.
5. You can borrow the car provided you _________________(bring) it back by noon.
6. If he (try)_________________harder, he (reach)_____________________his goals.
7. I (buy)_____________________these shoes if they (fit)____________________, but they are too small.
8. It (surprise / not)______________________me if he (know / not)___________________the answer.
9. If you (switch)__________________on the lights, you (fall / not)_____________________off the chair.
10. If I______________(be) you, I__________________(recycle) more often.

35. WORD FOCUS: Fill in each gap with the appropriate form of MAKE or DO:
1. It is important to _____________ your best and try not to _______________ mistakes.
2. Please try to _______________ time to _______________ your homework tonight.
3. I’m ________________ a phone call, so please don’t ______________ any noise.
4. Please _______________ me a favour and stop ______________ trouble.
5. Don’t _______________ such a fuss. She’s not _______________ any harm.
6. I’ll ____________ the dishes if you ______________ my hair for the party.
7. She ____________ such a good impression on him that he ____________ a point of seeing her again.
8. It doesn’t _________________ any sense. I can’t _______________ head or tails of this text.
9. David is ______________ an effort to _______________ progress at school.
10. Could I _____________ a suggestion? A week in the countryside will ____________ you good.
ENDANGERED SPECIES p. 72-73

36. ANIMAL IDIOMS: Complete the sentences with expressions from the box:
raining cats and dogs fishy let the cat out of the bag the cat's got your tongue straight from the horse's
mouth copy cat kill two birds with one stone hold your horses a little bird told me the lion's share
1. It looks like the ______________________________________, Lucy. Are you always this quiet?
2. My sister is such a __________________. First she bought the same car as me, and now she's applying to my
school.
3. I knew something _____________________ was going on when I saw all of my friends' cars in my mom's driveway.
4. _______________________________! I'll be ready in a minute.
5. Who ___________________________________ about the surprise party?
6. _____________________________________that you are thinking of quitting your job. Is it true?
7. I forgot my umbrella, and it was ______________________________________.
8. I know Jenny is pregnant, because I heard it ____________________________________.
9. My aunt got _______________________________________ of the inheritance.
10. If you pick the groceries up when you drop George off at the office, you will _______________________________.
37. WORD FOCUS-ADJECTIVES DESCRIBING PLACES p.74-Complete each sentence with an adjective from the box:
arid fertile harsh humid remote rugged sandy temperate vibrant imposing
1. The area is very _______________ and will give a good crop this year.
2. The village was quiet and clean and ___________________ from the busy daily life of the city.
3. The region is a(n) _____________ wasteland, without much vegetation.
4. Greek islands are famous for their golden _______________ beaches.
5. The climate in the Mediterranean coasts is __________________: neither too cold, nor too hot.
6. Even after so many years, he couldn’t get used to the ________________ Canadian winters.
7. These ferns will grow best in a __________________ atmosphere.
8. The countryside around here is very ________________, uneven land full of rocks and steep hills.
9. The room was decorated in ________________ reds and yellows.
10. The New Acropolis Museum is a grand and ____________________ building.

CULTURAL LINKS FILE 4 - FLASHBACK
1. Find words in the text INDUSTRIALIZATION p. 76-77 which mean:
The Industrial Revolution in Britain (1760-1830)
(1760
1. __________________ (adv) fast

2. __________________ (adv) to some degree, but not completely
3. __________________ (n) a physical object that keeps two areas, people etc apart
4. __________________ (n) a layer of a mineral, metal left in soil or rocks through a natural process
5. __________________ (n) rock or earth from
f which metal can be obtained
6. __________________ (n) the act of
of buying property or shares in a company in the hope of making a profit
7. __________________ (n) factories
8. __________________ (v) to be the first person to do, invent or use something
9. __________________ (n) a frame or machine on which thread is woven into cloth cloth
10. __________________ (v) to make it possible for someone to do something
11. __________________ (v) set up
America’s Industrial Revolution
12. __________________ (adj) great and sudden

13. __________________ (n) the act of finishing something
14. __________________ (adj) unusually large, powerful, or damaging
15. __________________ (adj) extremely important
16. __________________ (n) the industry involved in making cloth
17. __________________ (n) the money that you earn from your work or receive
from investments
18. ______________ line (n) a system for making things in a factory in which the products move past a line of
workers who each make or check one part
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
2. WORD FORMATION- ADVERBS: Find three adjectives in the text. How are they formed? ______________
Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives (e.g. hard, late, high, right, fast), or two forms with a different
meaning (e.g. hard-hardly/deep-deeply/near
deeply/near-nearly). Some verbs are followed by an adjective instead of an
adverb. There are also adjectives ending in –ly with no adverb form (e.g. friendly, lovely, monthly, brotherly)
3. Now complete
omplete the sentences with adverbs formed from the word in brackets:
a. He strode ______________ (rapid) out of the office, slamming the door _________ (hard) behind him.
b. I had _____________ (complete) forgotten how _______________ (dramatic) she had changed.
c. ______________ (late) he has been going to bed very _______________ (late) at night.
d. I _____________ (near) fell off the horse when the tiger came ___________ (near).
e. He has __________________ (success) managed his own company for years.
f. She is _______________(painful)) shy when it comes to speaking _____________ (public).
(public)
g. Although he was young and ____________ (physical) fit, the injury prevented him from moving ________ (free).
h. The magazine is issued twice ___________ (year) but we get paid on a ___________ (month) basis.

4. CONFUSING WORDS:
job work post position occupation profession career business
1. My father started work/job when he was just 14. He's been in the work/job for fourty years.
2. He had never been able to hold down a job/profession.
3. My last work/job was with a computer firm.
4. Will you go back to work/post when you've had the baby?
5. This work/post would suit a recent graduate.
6. He left last summer for a teaching occupation/position in Singapore.
7. "What type of career/business are you in?'' "I run a catering company.''
8. State your name, age, and occupation/job in the box below.
9. There are now a lot more women in the legal profession/career.
10. I'm interested in a career/post in television.
5. CONFUSING WORDS:
pay salary wages wage earnings winnings income revenue fee fees
1. The pay/wages is much better in the private sector.
2. Some managers earn annual salaries/wages of over £80,000.
3. His salary/wages at the factory come to €800 per month.
4. Rent from the old farm was their only source of income/salary.
5. Last year IBM paid $12 million in legal wages/ fees to a single law firm.
6. Your accountant's fees/salaries are too high.
7. Most single mothers spend a large part of their earnings/fees on childcare.
8. Richard has a comfortable pay/income from his salary and his investments.
9. Nintendo's estimated revenue/earnings totals $9 billion worldwide.
10. She collected her earnings/winnings from the blackjack table and put them into her bag.
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
6. CONFUSING VERBS: lie-lay rise-raise - Choose an appropriate verb from the box and fill in the blanks:
Lie – lay – lain (intransitive-to be in a flat position) Rise-rose-risen (intransitive-to increase in number, amount,
Lie – lied – lied (intransitive-to make an untrue or value / to go upwards / to stand up)
statement) Raise-raised-raised (transitive-to move or lift something to a
Lay – laid – laid (transitive-to put or set sth down) higher position, place, or level /to collect money )
1. You __________________ to me instead of telling me what really happened. Why?

2. If you still feel dizzy, _______________ down for a while.
3. Bobby ___________________ down his book and answered the phone.
4. The little girl _________________ down and went to sleep.
5. This time next year I will be _________________ on the beach.
6. ______________ your hand if you know the right answer.
7. He ____________ to the rank of major.
8. They are _______________ funds to help needy youngsters.
9. The divorce rate has_______________ steadily since the 1950s.
10. Many shops have ______________ their prices.

7. Match words from the text THE VICTORIAN AGE p. 78-79 to their definition:
slums to cover a path, road, with a hard level surface such as blocks of stone or
concrete
sanitation a show of paintings, photographs, or other objects that people can go to see
pave the process or system by which water or waste liquid flows away
drainage relating to family relationships and life at home
storey poor houses or areas of a city in very bad condition
exhibition floor
domestic the protection of public health by removing and treating waste, dirty water etc
8. WORD FORMATION - Complete the sentences with the right form of the words in capitals.
1. He comes from a very wealthy and ___________________ family. POWER
2. Einstein's ____________ theories made people look at the universe in a completely new way. REVOLUTION
3. Diseases were spread through poor ______________ . SANITARY
4. This month's sales figures show some _________________. IMPROVE
5. The _____________ system over some sections of route has to be renewed. DRAIN
6. The ________________ of a security system will protect your property from burglars. INSTALL
7. Over 10,000 _____________ represented the UK and its Empire. EXHIBIT
8. The 1900 House was a ______________ reality TV programme. HISTORY
9. Tina bears a striking __________________ to her mother. RESEMBLE
10. As the weeks passed, I ______________ accepted the idea of him leaving. GRADE
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
9. GRAMMAR CHECK: Use the prompts to make full sentences in the PAST. Keep the order of the words but don’t
forget to add prepositions , pronouns and articles:
Children in the Victorian age
1. 19th century / children / live / very difficult conditions / unhealthy flats / poor hygiene.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………..
2. They / work / hard / satisfy / needs / parents / because families / poor and /not have enough money.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….
3. Conditions / employment / be/cruel. Vaccines / not/ exist / rate / mortality / high.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……………….
4. 1830 / charity associations / come / help children / families / give food and clothes / everybody
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….
5. After 1840 school / obligatory / children / stop / work.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….
6. Parents / rich children /often be/ bankers / merchants/ live/ beautiful suburbs/stay/ private hotels.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….
7. Only children / rich families / go / school. Boys / famous schools like Eton / education / very strict.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………………….
8. Girls / not have same education / boys. They / learn / become good wives and good mothers.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………….……….
9. This education / very unfair so / 1870, the Education Act / pass.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….…………………………..………….
10. It / offer / schools / all children / between / age / 5 / 13.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………….………….

10. Find words in the text SLAVERY p. 80-81 which mean:
1. ______________ (n) a large area of land in a hot country, where crops such as tea, cotton, sugar are grown
A triangle of trade
2. ______________ (v) to leave, especially when you are starting a journey
3. ______________ (n) someone who buys and sells goods or stocks
4. ______________ (n) a public meeting where paintings are sold to the person offering the most money
5. ______________ (n) money gained by selling things or doing business, after costs have been paid
The slave trade
6. _______________ (v) to catch a person and keep them as a prisoner
7. _______________ (v) to completely stop something by making it illegal
8. _______________ (n) the act of giving sb the political or legal rights that they did not have before
9. _______________ (n) an official public statement about something that is important
10. _______________ (n) a small change, improvement, or addition that is made to a law or document
11. _______________ (v) to ban, to forbid
12. _______________ (v) to treat a person or group differently from another in an unfair way
13. _______________ (n) the act or policy of separating people of different races, religions or sexes and
treating them in a different way
14. _______________ (adj) happening or coming after sth else
15. _______________ (adj) unfair; treating sb or one group of people worse than others
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
11. WORD FORMATION- Fill in the derivatives in the following table:
VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE
transport / x
slave
depart
profit
divide
permission /
emancipation
proclaim
amendment
prohibit /
discriminatory
/ representative /
comparison
assemble
massive
invest / X
/ /(un)employment
lose /
go bankrupt bankrupt

12. Replace the words in italics with the following words and expressions from the
text THE GREAT DEPRESSION p. 82-83:
82
the dole Depression shant common restored confidence reached a peak poor went bankrupt
recklessly dropped unemployed reduced to living devastating invested a chance crashed
The Cinderella Man

Set during the Great _________________ (period
(period of little economic activity) , Cinderella Man is a
2005 film starring Russell Crowe, which tells the story of James Braddock, a _____________ (an (
ordinary) -man
man who was to become one of the most surprising sports legends in history. In the
past his career had __________________ (been ( most successful) but by the early 1930s, he had
been spending __________________ (without(without caring or worrying about the possible bad or
dangerous results) and had hit rock bottom. Like a lot of Americans, the ex-fighter
e had
___________________ (put( his money) in stocks and shares whose price __________ (fell) ( when
the New York Stock Market _____________ (suddenly
( lost value) with ________________
(damaging) effects. He was _______________ (out of work), work) he __________________
______________ (lost( all his income) and was
even forced to go on ________________ (Public
( Relief). His family was __________________ (forced to live) in a
________________ (small, wooden hut). In a last-chance
chance bid to help his family, Braddock returned to the ring. No one
thought he had ___________ (a shot).. However fuelled by something beyond mere competition, he kept winning and
became the champion of the _____________ (impoverished)
( ) masses. In a sports article, Braddock was named the
"Cinderella Man" forr his miraculous comeback. The ordinary working man became the mythic athlete and
_______________________ (broughtbrought back a positive feeling) in the hearts of all Americans, who were inspired to
fight for a better future.
13. MONEY IDIOMS: Choose the best alternative to complete the idiom:
1. If something cost an arm and a leg,, it was very ________________.
a) popular b) expensive c) important
mportant
2. A person who is born __________________ in their mouth, is born into a very rich family.
family
a) with a silver spoon b) with a golden spoon c) with a golden fork
3. If something is on the house _________________, usually in a bar or restaurant.
a) costs a fortune b) is very cheap c) is offered free of charge
4. If money burns a hole in your pocket,
pocket you want to ________________.
a) throw it away b) spend it quickly c) save it in the bank
5. If you have a hand-to-mouth existence, you ______________________.
a) have just enough money and food to live on b) have a lot of money c) spend everything you earn
6. Money ______________means eans that people with a lot of money have power and influence.
a) talks b) shows c) comes
7. If you do something on a shoe-string
string, you do it ___________________.
a) easily b) with great difficulty c) with very little money
8. Money doesn’t ______________ means that it is not easily obtained.
a) grow in the fields b) grow on trees c) grow in the street

14. WORD FOCUS- LIVING IN A PLACE:
PLACE Circle the best alternative:
population • resident • inhabitant • citizen • dweller • tenant • occupant • settler • villager
1. settlers in America died from disease and hunger.

Many of the earliest inhabitants/settlers
2. In Ghana 46% of the population/dwellers
/dwellers is under 16 years of age.
3. The villagers/residents were peasants and small-scale
small farmers who lived a semi-subsistence
subsistence existence.
4. Tenants/citizens of this block of flats are not allowed to keep pets.
5. Ninety percent of the adult tenants/population
tenants/ is literate.
6. This is a poor rural area, with only one doctor per 10,000 occupant/inhabitants.
7. The police asked if we were both British citizens/residents.
8. Local villagers/residents are protesting about the new road.
9. They have left all the furniture and carpets in the house for the next occupant/settler
/settler.
10. Many of the city-dwellers/city-residents
residents of 1880 were recent immigrants from the countryside.
SOUTH AFRICA AND APARTHEID p. 84--85

LANGUAGE AWARENESS
15. OPEN CLOZE - Fill in the blanks with an appropriate word:
Invictus
Invictus is a 2009 film starring Matt Damon and Morgan Freeman ,1___________ tells the
inspiring true 2__________ of how Nelson Mandela joined forces 3__________the captain of
South Africa's rugby team to help unite 4___________country. Newly elected President
Mandela knows his nation 5__________ racially and economically divided in the wake of
apartheid. Believing he can 6____________ his people together 7___________ the universal
language 8_____ sport, Mandela rallies South Africa's rugby team as they 9___________ their
historic run to the 1995 Rugby World 10____________ Championship match.
16. Find words in the text SOUTH AFRICA AND APARTHEID p. 84-85 which mean:
1. _________________ (v) to make something legal so thatthat people are allowed to do it ≠ criminalize
2. _________________ (n) set of laws
3. _________________ (v) to arrange sth in groups according to features that they have in common
4. _________________ (n) an occasion when all the people of a country can vote on an important issue
5. _________________ (n) the expression
ession of strong disagreement with or opposition to sth
6. _________________ (n) a political situation in which people protest or behave violently
7. _________________ (n) the act of using force to control a group of people and restrict their freedom
8. _________________
______ (v) to deliberately not include something
9. _________________ (n) an official order that limits trade, contact, etc. with a particular country
10. _________________ (v) to refuse to buy sth, use sth, or take part in something as a way of protesting
11. _________________ (v) to gradually get rid of a system or organization
12. _________________ (v) to end with a particular result, or at a particular point
13. _________________ (v) to cause a series of events to take place (from SARAFINA!)
14. _________________ (v) to remind people of an important person or event from the past with a special action
15. _________________ (n) a period of time in history that is known for a particular event, or for particular qualities

17. NORTHERN IRELAND - A TROUBLED PAST p. 86-87 - Complete the sentences using a verb or expression from
the upper box in the right form with a preposition from the lower box. All expressions can be found in the text.
build turn focus refer culminate agree the first step known take shoot
towards on up at on place into to in as
1. A huge pile of paperwork had ___________________________________ during my absence.

2. He gave the speech without __________________________________ his notes.
3. Months of hard work ___________________________________ success.
4. They managed to __________________________________ a date for the wedding.
5. Ceasefire was _____________________________________ peace.
6. As soon as she kissed him, the prince ______________________________ a frog.
7. Samuel Clemens better ___________________ Mark Twain, was the author of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.
8. Two armed men walked into the bank and started ___________________________ people.
9. Each exercise ________________________________ a different grammar point.
10. The prince’s wedding __________________________________ at Westminster Abbey.
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
18. GRAMMAR CHECK: INVERSION - Complete the sentences:
1. I have never heard such terrible singing. Never…………………………………………..…………….…………………………….………
2. When she reached her destination she relaxed. Not until………………………………………………..……………………….………
3. If you meet her, give her my regards. Should……………………………………………………………………….……………..……….……
4. As soon as I left my seat, somebody took it. No sooner……………………………………………………………………………………..
5. If I hadn’t gone to the party, I wouldn’t have met Louise. Had…………………………………………………………….………………
6. I can’t find my book anywhere. Nowhere……………………………………………………………………..…………………..………………
7. She tasted the drink and immediately felt ill. Hardly……………………………………..……………………………………………………
8. They must not surrender on any occasion. Under no ………………………………………………………………………..……………....
9. I had no idea he was sick. Little……………………………………………………………..……………………………………………………………
10. ……………………………………………………………………………………..…………….
19. Find words in the text NORTHERN IRELAND - A TROUBLED PAST p. 86 which mean:
1. _________________ (v) to be the most important or noticeable feature of sth
2. _________________ (adj) connected with the differences that exist between groups of people who have
different religious views
3. _________________ (n) a state of disagreement or argument between people, groups, countries
4. _________________ (n) a situation in which people do not trust each other, or feel unfriendly towards each
other, and which may cause them to attack each other
§1
5. _________________ (v) to agree to give sb what they ask for, especially formal or legal permission to do sth
6. _________________ (n) a person’s children and all the people related to them who live after them
7. _________________ (n) a period of 10 years
8. _________________ (n) unfair, biased treatment
9. _________________ (phr.v) to increase gradually over a period of time
§2
10. _________________ (v) to react

11. _________________ (phr.v) to change, to transform

12. _________________ (v) to become much worse
13. _________________ (v) to officially stop something from continuing, especially for a short time
14. _________________ (v) to introduce a new law, rule, tax / to force people to accept it
§3
15. _________________ (v) to choose a particular person or place to attack them or criticize
16. _________________ (n) anyone who is not a member of the military forces or the police
§4
17. _________________ (n) formal discussion between people who are trying to reach an agreement
18. _________________ (n) a time when enemies agree to stop fighting, before ending the fighting permanently
19. _________________ (v) to end with a particular result, or at a particular point
20. Match words from the text SUNDAY BLOODY SUNDAY p.87 to their definition:
despair the activity of fighting a war, especially using particular weapons or methods
march great trouble or suffering
rebel to praise and worship
glorify to put behind bars
tribulation the feeling of having lost all hope
imprison to portray
warfare a person who opposes sb in authority over them within an organization, a political party
depict walking through the streets in a large group in order to protest about sth
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
21. ‘SUNDAY BLOODY SUNDAY’. Some of the lyrics of the song have been mixed. Can you unjumble them?
believe / news / today /I / the / can't _______________________________________________
I / my / oh / close /eyes/ can't _______________________________________________
it /make/and/ away/ go _______________________________________________
How long must we sing this song…
under / broken / feet / children's / bottles _______________________________________________
across / strewn / bodies / street / the / dead end _______________________________________________
But / heed /I / battle call / won't / the _______________________________________________
it / up against / my / wall / back / the / puts _______________________________________________
Sunday, Bloody Sunday…
22. Complete the following summary with words from the text POVERTY p.88-89:
About 1.1. billion people in developing countries have _________________ (not sufficient) access to education.
United Nations have set a _______________ (a point in time by which sth must be done) for the _________________
(accomplishment) of international goals to _______________ (to make less severe) poverty, to _______________
(make sure sth happens) ___________ (basic) education for children, to ______________ (decrease) _____________
(death) rates, and to fight ______________ (a large number of cases of a disease) such as AIDS. To ______________
(make happen faster) the implementation of these schemes, poor countries’ ______________ (money owed) will be
cancelled. _________________ (protest marches) were organized to demand that the world leaders won’t
_________________ (go back on) their promises.

23. COLLOCATIONS:: Match the two columns. All collocations can be found in the text.
1. take ………………………………………….… a deadline
2. break…………………………………..………. expectancy
3. remain………………………………..………. access to
4. mortality ………………………………….…. seated
5. account ………………………………………… a promise
6. have …………………………………………….. rates
7. fight ……………………………………………… action
8. owe ………………………………………………. income
9. saved ……………………………………………. of living
10. alleviate ……………………………………….. a debt
11. average …………………………………………. resources
12. standard ……………………………………….. for
13. life …………………………………………………. education
14. set…………………………………………………
………………………………………………….. poverty
15. primary …………………………………………. equality
16. gender ………………………………………….. epidemics
24. Find words in the text FAIR TRADE p. 90-91 which mean:
1. ________________ (v) to try to deal with a difficult problem
2. ________________ (v) to give someone more control over their own life or situation
3. ________________ (n) the ability to decide and act on your own without waiting for sb to tell you what to do
4. ________________ (adj) considered
onsidered acceptable by society in general; normal and ordinary
ordinary
5. ________________ (v) to fight, to stop sth unpleasant or harmful from happening or from getting worse
6. ________________ (adj) honest, fair, acceptable
7. ________________ (n) the smallest that is possible or allowed
8. ________________ (adj) that can continue or be continued for a long time
9. ________________ (n) an extra payment added to the basic rate
10. ________________ (adj) shared by, or for the use of, a number of people in the community
11. ________________ (v) to make a product available to the public for
f the first time
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
25. WORD FORMATION:: Complete the sentences with the right form of the word in capitals:
1. Time was running out and we were getting __________________. DESPAIR
2. The party is promising low inflation and ________________ economic growth. SUSTAIN
3. Christianity believes in the _________________ of the soul. MORTAL
4. The coastal areas were occupied by the ________________ of Greek colonists. DESCEND
5. The price is final and is not open to ________________. NEGOTIATE
6. If convicted, she will be ________________ for at least six years. PRISON
7. Their son has always been headstrong and _________________. REBEL
8. Unfortunately, social __________________
_________________ is likely to increase in the 21st century. EQUAL
9. An oil spill of that size will cause a lot of __________________ damage. ENVIRONMENT
10. Why don't you take the ________________ and ask him out? INITIATE

CULTURAL LINKS FILE 5 – PEOPLE & LIFESTYLE
1. WORD FOCUS: FAMILY
Read 21st CENTURY FAMILIES p.94-95
p.94 and complete
omplete the sentences with expressions from the box:
family single-parent family immediate nuclear start a runs in the family

members families name family family family family values
1. Is there a history of heart disease in your _________________?

2. Both her father, her brother and Diana suffer from asthma. It ____________________.
3. They're getting married next year, and hope to ________________ straight away.
4. _____________________ are much more common these days.
5. Only close __________________ are allowed to visit her.
6. The political party places great emphasis on_________________.
7. He died leaving no children to carry on the ______________________.
8. The traditional _________________ consists of a father, a mother and the children.
2. WORD FOCUS -RELATIONSHIPS: Replace the underlined words with the most appropriate phrase from the box:
ran away brought up moved in got on well let me down kept in grew up got to know
from with with touch
1. Jim spent his childhood in Crete.………………………………………………..

……………………………………………..
2. She had a good relationship with her in-laws.…………………………………………..
in
3. They grew friendly with each other when they worked in the same office.……………………………………………
……………………………………………
4. Cate fell in love with John and went to live in his house ………………………………………….. ..him.
5. After her parents’ death, the poor girl was raised by her grandparents……………………………………………
…………………………………………
6. Clelia left home without her parents’permission……………………………………………………….
parents’permission……………………………………………………….home.
7. I communicated regularly with most of my friends after school…………………………………………………………….
8. He promised he would write but disappointed me………………………………………………………………….
me………………………………………………………………….
TEENAGE LIFESTYLES p.96-97
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
3. OPEN CLOZE : Fill in the text:
Emoticons smile :-$
1
Emoticons are special signs that are used to ___________ an emotion in an email surprised :-P
and on the Internet. “Emoticons” is a new word 2__________ up of two other words,
wink :-(
emotions, that is feelings, and 3________. They let people know 4___________ we
feel without 5____________ "I am happy" or "I am bored". They are 6____________ confused :-O
out of letters, numbers, or punctuation 7____________ from our computer or crying :-)
mobile keyboard. It's a bit difficult at the 8______________ but once you get
9 big smile :'(
___________
_______ to this code, you'll see that emoticons are a fun way to get your
message 10______________! making fun of :-D
sad ;-)
4. Most emoticons will look
ok like a face (eyes, nose, and mouth) when rotated 90 disappointed :-S
degree clockwise. Can you match these emoticons with their meanings? :-|
embarrased

5. Use these words from the text to complete the sentences:
integrated interactive personalized
personalize constant accompanied charmed
ed simultaneously
1. The story of Cinderella has ___________________ generations of children.
2. Our school encourages ___________________ teaching methods.
3. Amy lived in _________________ fear of being attacked.
4. The system can ______________________
_____________ search up to 16 databases.
5. Helena has ____________________ her office with things she's collected on her travels.
6. Colourful illustrations are ________________ into the text.
7. Children under 14 must be ____________________ by an adult.
TIME FOR SPORT p.98-99
6. Match the words from the two lists to describe sports and activities.
bird scuba parachute rock water hang kite off road ice roller
skiing climbing surfing watching cycling diving jumping blading gliding skating
7. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs do, go or play.. Use "play" with any competitive game that
you can play, "go" with activities that can be done alone, and "do" with groups of related activities.
1. He used to _____________ jogging every day when he was at university.
2. I love ______________ __ a good game of chess from time to time.
3. She _______________ ___ gymnastics for over five years now.
4. This summer we ____________
_____________ windsurfing every day on our vacation.
5. He's quite the athlete. He _____________
______________ ___ basketball, baseball and hockey, too.
6. My wife ________________ ___ horse riding twice a week.
7. Why don't we ________________ ___ a set of tennis?
8. Some people think that ___________
_______________ aerobics four times a week is the best possible way of keeping fit.
9. His idea of the perfect summer holiday is to rent a sailboat and _____________
__ ___ sailing in the Aegean.
10. He ________________ __ athletics for his local track club.
THE INTERNET p.100-101
8. WORD FOCUS- INTERNET TERMS: Fill in the text with words from the box:
chat connection attachments pastime e-mail
dial password mechanisms modem e-banking
screen rapidly surfing access deliver
Even though 1__________________ the net clearly remains a more common 2____________ _____ for younger age groups, a
3
great number of people are using it for commerce and ______________. ____. The latest use among young people is
meeting new people through 4___________
_____ rooms and interest in this use has grown 5_____________
__ in recent
years. But have you ever wondered about the 6____________ that 7______________web
_______web information to your
computer 8__________?
____? Every home that has internet 9_______________ ___ is part of a network. For example, you may
use a 10___________ and a 11_________up
____up number to connect to an Internet Service Provider (ISP). In each region,
providers have a Point of Presence (POP). The POP offers local users 12____________to
_______to the company's network,
Internet send each other billions of 13______________
often through a local phone line. Every day, the citizens of the Internet
messages without even thinking about it. These tend to be short pieces of text, although the ability to add
14
______________
_______ like photographs now makes many e-mail
e mail messages quite long. A piece of advice: You must not
15
tell your internet _______________
________ to anyone.

NETWORKING p.102-103
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
9. Match the verbs to the nouns to make collocations: 10. WORD FORMATION - Give the noun:
find a blog VERB NOUN(S)
save information found
go the net evolve
send a document emerge
surf a page simplify
compile a game attract
download a site restrict
visit a program identify
scroll down an account execute
install messages injure
register on line integrate
accept as a list interact
keep music accompany
play a friend devise
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
11. GRAMMAR CHECK: Put the verbs in brackets in Present Perfect Simple or Continuous, Simple Past and Past
Perfect.
A ‘social networking' website allows young people to build personal pages, with profiles and pictures, and
communicate with friends, but recently some teachers 1_________________(feel) that there might be a danger for
teenagers. In recent months 700 students 2________________(sign) up to Bebo UK. Bebo UK 3__________ (contact)
schools to tell teachers that they have no reason to feel worried. The minimum age to register an account on
Myspace is 13. Recently, Myspace 4_______________ (be) the focus of a number of news reports stating that
teenagers 5________________ (find) ways around the restrictions set by Myspace. In June 2006, sixteen-year-old
American Katherine Lester 6____________ (fly) to the Middle East, to Tel Aviv, Israel, after she 7_______________
(trick) her parents into getting her a passport in order to be with a twenty-year-old man she 8____________ (meet)
through the site. In response, Myspace 9_______________ (give) assurances to parents that the website is safe for
people of all ages. Stricter age admission methods 10_____________________ (already enforce), such as blocking a
person from accessing Myspace using a computer's IP address.
12. Match these words from the text GLOBAL ENTERTAINMENT p.104-105 to their definition:
trend the way in which something such as a television show or meeting is organized or arranged
uniform not professional
millennium permission given by a company to someone who wants to sell its goods or services
format someone who competes in a game show
franchise a general tendency in the way a situation is changing or developing
confined universal
contestant able to do everything
global a period of 1000 years
amateur to carefully watch and check a situation in order to see how it changes over a period of time
monitor being the same in all its parts or among all its members
omnipotent kept within the limits of a particular activity or subject, restricted

CULTURAL LINKS FILE 6 - EDUCATION
1. Use these words from the text EDUCATION IN THE UK p. 108-109109 to complete the following sentences:
complicated compulsory core term effect optional degree curriculum obtain vocational
1. French is ________________ for sixth-form

sixth students.
2. Applicants must have a _____________ in Engineering.
3. There are _____________ and technical schools to deal with job training for kids not destined for college.
4. The exams are at the end of the summer _______________.
5. She is currently studying to ____________ her Master’s degree in Lexicography.
6. The medicine was starting to take __________________ and the pain eased.
7. Primary School concentrates most on teaching the ______________ skills of reading, writing, and mathematics
8. The human brain is an incredibly _________________ organ.
9. Languages are an essential part of the school ____________________.
10. All young men are required
quired to do two years of ___________________ military service.
2. WORD FOCUS - EDUCATION: Fill in the blanks with a word from the list in the right form:
form
certificate diploma qualifications talent skill absence attendance attention
participation truancy
1. Pay _________________ to what your yo teacher say otherwise you won’t understand anything.
2. All participants in the conference will get an attendance _______________.
3. The number of pupils’ _______________ appears on their term reports.
4. There is a tendency amongst teachers to blame parents for most instances of school ______________.
5. Students
tudents need to possess certain basic _______________ by the time they finish school.
6. All your __________________ should be included in your application form.
7. She showed a __________________ for acting at an early age.
8. Your poor ________________ record shows you have been skipping school too often.
9. Anyone with a high school _______________ can enroll in the course.
10. _________________ in class is essential if you want to get higher marks.
3. Find words in the text SCHOOL LIFE IN BRITAIN p. 110-111 which mean:
1. ___________________ (n) money that is provided by an organization for a particular purpose
2. ___________________ (adj) able to be carried or moved easily
3. ___________________ (n) a person or organization that pays for the costs of an event in return for advertising.
4. ___________________ (v) to pull a plastic card through a machine that can read the electronic information on it
5. ___________________ (n) politeness
6. ___________________ (n) the special design or way of writing a company’s name put on all its products,
products
notepaper or advertisements.
7. ___________________ (v) to teach someone to think, behave, or feel in a particular way over a period of time
8. ___________________ (adj) activities are not part of the course that a student does at a school or college
9. ___________________ (phr.v) to manage to do as much or as well as other people

LANGUAGE AWARENESS
4. CLOZE – Fill in the blanks with words from the box:
dress outfit with secondary uniforms between worn
consist varying long either use skirt systems
A school uniform is an 1_____________

_________ —a set of standardized clothes—2_____________ primarily for an
educational institution. They are common in primary and 3_____________ schools. When used, they form the
basis of a school's 4____________ code. Traditionally boys' 5_______________ often consist of dark short or
6
colored shirt, often 7_____________ a tie. Girls' uniforms vary greatly
___________ trousers and light-colored gr
8
_____________ countries and schooling 9____________ , but typically 10______________ of a dress or a blouse
worn either with a 11____________ or trousers. The use of a blazer or suit-like jacket for 12______________
Britain, each school has an individual uniform, 13_______________ in
gender is also fairly common.. In Great Britain,
colour and often making 14_____ of badges.
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
5. MODAL VERBS: Read the text and find the three
GRAMMAR CHECK-MODAL
modal verbs missing in the following sentences:
Students ______________ also bring packed lunches.
lunches
Girls _____________ wear skirts.
skirts
Parents ________________________ shop for expensive clothes.
6. Underline the correct modal in each sentence:

1. Don’t worry, you don’t have to / mustn’t pay now.
2. Sorry, I can’t stay any longer. I have to / may go.
3. Why is the dog barking? It must heard / must have heard something.
4. «I can’t seem to find my books». «You must have left / may leave them in the classroom».
classroom»
5. It was 5 o’clock an hour ago. Your watch can’t be / mustn’t be right.
7. Fill in the blanks with must/can/could/ought/need in the affirmative or negative form:

1. In my opinion, the government ____________________________
________ ______ do something about this.
2. The roads are very icy today, so you ___________________________
___ drive fast.
3. You are much better. You ____________
__________________ stay in bed any longer.
4. That’s a really stupid idea! You ________________________
___ be serious really!
5. I _______________ ride a bike at the age of four!
8. Match these
ese words from the text EDUCATION IN THE USA p. 112-113 to their definition:
prevalent principles concerning right and wrong or good and bad behaviour
morality something that you think is more important than other things and should be dealt with first
objection a student in the second year of a course of study at a college or university
disabled that a student can choose
ceremony common, widespread
priority activities which are not part of the course that a student is doing at a school or college
elective physically or mentally unable unable
extracurricular reason why you do not like or are opposed to sth
sophomore a public or religious occasion that includes a series of formal or traditional actions

LANGUAGE AWARENESS
9. PHRASAL VERB - GET: Fill in the gaps with the appropriate phrasal verb in the correct form:
away away with around over
on with back at along with out of
a. The murdered boy’s parents will probably never get _________ the shock.
b. Get ____________ your work, and ignore the noise outside.
c. I can’t wait to get ______________ her for deceiving me.
d. A good lawyer will always find ways to get __________ the law.
e. How are you getting _____________ your mother-in-law?
f. I can’t get ______________ the habit of biting my nails.
g. Although he exceeded the speed limit, he got _____________only a small fine.
h. The two thieves managed to get ____________.
10. GRAMMAR CHECK-RELATIVE PRONOUNS: Complete the sentences with who, which, where, when, whose.
1. This is the building __________ the students study.
2. It was an electrical fault _________ caused the fire.
3. Fireman Joe, _________ bravery is well-known, is retiring soon.
4. Do you remember the day ________ we got lost?
5. The boy ________ bike was stolen, was afraid to go to the police.
6. Those youths live in a part of town ________ there is little to do.
7. Judy is the only one __________ knows the truth.
8. This is the book ________ I was telling you about.
11. WORD FORMATION- Compete the sentences with the right form of the words in CAPITALS.
1. Different children have different __________________ needs. EDUCATION
2. The college has helped Anne with the ___________________ of the event. ORGANIZE
3. It is ___________________ to sell tobacco to someone under 16. LEGAL
4. Canada is among the countries with the most ________________ education movements. PREVAIL
5. There is still room for _____________________ in the University Entry system. IMPROVE
6. Public places are becoming more accessible to people with _______________. DISABLED
7. Attendance at the meeting is _________________. OPTION
8. _________________ sports encourage children to work together as a team. COMPETE
9. If anyone has any ________________ , please let us know as soon as possible. OBJECT
10. The search for a new vaccine will take _________________ over all other medical research. PRIOR
12. Match the two columns to make sentences about what students do during GRADUATION in the U.S.A.
They make in a procession

They take bubbles
They blow their caps into the air
They sing songs
They walk speeches
They throw goodbye to their fellow students
They say flowers
They invite diplomas
They receive their families
They carry photos

13. Find words in the text SCHOOL TRADITIONS p. 114-115 which mean:
1. _________________ (n) a formal dinner for many people on an important occasion
2. _________________ (n) a large vehicle that is decorated to drive through the streets as part of a special event
3. _________________ (n) the ceremony at which someone is officially made king or queen, crowning
4. _________________ (v) to end
5. _________________ (n) a place where an organized meeting, concert etc takes place
6. _________________ (n) a ceremony that is always performed in the same way, usually for religious purposes
7. _________________
_________ (n) coming of age
8. _________________ (n) the act of copying
copy someone else's actions
9. _________________ (n) a young rich upper-class woman who starts going to fashionable events as a way of
being introduced to upper-class
upper society
10. ____________________ (n) a walk for pleasure in a public place (old-fashioned)
11. _________________ (n) a public entertainment or performance to celebrate a special occasion
12. _________________ (n) a long dress that a woman wears on formal occasions
13. _________________ (n) a man's suit usually black, worn on formal occasions
14. Complete the sentences with words from the previous exercise:
a. A series of events for teachers and students will _________________ in a Shakespeare festival next year.
b. The concert's still on Saturday but the ______________ has been changed.
c. Nowadays young people want to leave home as soon as they reach __________________.
__________________
d. A huge __________________ was planned to celebrate the city's millennium.
e. The bride looked exquisite in her white silk wedding _______________.
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
15. MULTIPLE CHOICE CLOZE: Choose the correct word to fill in the blank:
Prom Night
The high school prom season usually starts in April and continues ___(1)___ May. Planning starts as early ___(2)___
February however, ___(3)___ the magazines and stores begin to show prom fashions. There is a lot of organization
to ___(4)___ done. Some schools still ___(5)___
___( their proms in school gymnasiums but this is considered a bit old-
old
fashioned now. Girls spend a long time deciding ___(6)___ kind of dress to wear.
r. Fashions range ___(7)___ coctail
dresses to full ball gowns and can be extremely glamorous. Sometimes girls ___(8)___ their dresses specially made
by dressmakers. Boys ___(9)___ expected to buy a corsage’ for their female dates. This is a small flower arrangement
___(10)___ they wear on their wrist. Sometimes at the prom the students elect a prom king and queen, who are the
most popular couple of the year.
1. A. to B. through C. since D. in
2. A. than B. in C. as D. before
3. A. when B. then C. and D. which
4. A. ___ B. must C. have D. be
5. A. make B. hold C. do D. go
6. A. what B. the C. that D. many
7. A. as B. from C. between D. since
8. A. buy B. take C. let D. have
9. A. are B. must C. have D. will
10. A. what B. who C. which D. where

16. WORD FOCUS-EDUCATION: Fill in the blanks with: system illiteracy background goal graduates
1. You need an educational _______________ in mathematics if you want to be an engineer.
2. Something should be done to reform the educational ______________ of the developing countries.
3. University __________________ find difficulties to find a job nowadays.
4. One educational ________________ for developing countries would be at least a education for every citizen.
5. Putting an end to adult ________________ is another priority for developing countries.
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
17. GRAMMAR CHECK - PASSIVE VOICE: Put the verbs into the most suitable passive form:
1. Twelve compulsory subjects ___________________________ (teach) at English and Welsh schools.
2. There’s somebody behind us. I think we ______________________________________ (follow).
3. The Millenium Development Goals ______________________________ (achieve) by the year 2013.
4. We didn’t play football yesterday. The match ___________________________ (cancel).
5. The television _______________________________ (repair). It’s working now.
6. The Acropolis ________________________________ (restore) at the moment.
7. I can’t find the newspaper I left on the table last night. It ________________________ (might/throw) away.
8. Ten people _________________ (report) to _________________________ (injure) at the bomb explosion.
9. How did you learn to swim? I _____________________________ (teach) by my mother.
10. A decision _________recently __________________ (make) to raise the leaving age for compulsory education.
18. Complete the sentences with these words from the text STUDENT EXCHANGE PROGRAMMES p. 117-118
a. The dogs followed the fox's _______________ to the edge of the forest.
b. Double-click on an icon to _________________ an application.
c. Meeting her was the ______________________ in my life. turning point scent
d. Boys in boarding schools sleep in ___________________. mixture launch
e. She felt a strange _______________ of excitement and fear. dormitories
19. Fill in the blanks with words from the box:
authorities focuses development educational skills employment acquire
secondary involved education
Comenius: Europe in the classroom

The Comenius Programme 1______________on all levels of school 2___________, from pre-school and primary to
3
___________schools. It is relevant for everyone 4____________ in school education: mainly pupils and teachers but
also local 5____________, teacher training institutes and universities. Part of the EU’s Lifelong Learning Programme,
the Comenius actions aim to help young people and 6_____________ staff better understand the range of European
cultures, languages and values. They also help young people 7__________ the basic life 8______________ and
competences necessary for personal 9______________, future 10_______________ and active citizenship.

LANGUAGE AWARENESS
20. WORD FORMATION - Fill in the blanks with the right form of the word in brackets:
Comenius Goals
1 2
The ____________ (mobile) of pupils and __________________ (educate) staff across the EU;
3 4
The _________________ (enhance) and increase of ______________ (partner) between schools in different EU
Member States,
5 6
The _________________ (encourage) of language learning, _______________ (innovate) services and better
teaching techniques and practices;
7 8 9
The _____________ (improve) of _____________ (pedagogy) approaches and school ______________
(manage).
10
____________ (motivate) for learning skills and the 11____________ (reinforce) of 12_____________ (creative).
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
21. GRAMMAR CHECK - Fill in the blanks with INFINITIVES or GERUNDS (Active or Passive)
1. He doesn’t deserve ________________________ (treat) like that!
2. Do you object to_________________ (spend) the night here?
3. Sorry, I meant ________________ (tell) you about the meeting but I forgot!
4. Ben was the last _______________ (arrive) at the meeting, but he apologised for _________________ (be) late.
5. As I was putting the baby to sleep, I heard someone ______________ (sneak) into the room.
6. The lawn needs ______________________ (mow).
7. Do you regret _______________________ (ignore) Sarah’s advice?
8. I was too upset ____________________ (say) anything.
9. I hate _________________________ (disturb) while I’m working.
10. It’s no use ________________________ (try) to speak to John. He won’t listen!
22. Complete the sentences with phrasal verbs found in the text A GAP YEAR p. 118-119
a. It took John two years to _________________ the money he needed to buy a motorcycle.
b. We 'll ___________________ early to avoid the traffic.
c. They ____________________ of money and had to abandon the project.
d. I don't know how they manage to ____________________ £55 a week.
23. CONFUSING WORDS: Choose among the following words to fill in the blanks. Some words may be used
twice. travel travelling journey trip tour voyage crossing flight ride trek
1. The Titanic sank on its maiden _______________.
2. They arrived in Nice after an eight-hour _______________ by car.
3. Her work involves a lot of _______________!!
4. My husband's away on a business ______________ in China.
5. All __________________ to Tokyo were delayed because of bad weather.
6. I read during the train _______________ to work.
7. My friend and I took several road _____________ to New York City.
8. The team is preparing for a two week ______________ across the Atlas Mountains.
9. J.K.Rowling is on ______________ promoting her new Harry Potter book.
10. Air _______________ is becoming cheaper.
11. The ferry ________________ from Dover to Calais takes 90 minutes.
12. She took me to see the horse and asked if I wanted to go for a ______________.

24. WORD FOCUS – TRAVELLING: Choose among the following words in the right form to fill in the blanks.
passenger expedition cabin camp carriage deck liner cruiser excursion resort
1. The purpose of the ____________ was to explore the depths of the jungle.
2. The _________________ on the train were full of passengers.
3. The resort also offers daily ___________________ to nearby towns.
4. The ship was enormous but I managed to find a seat on the upper _________.
5. Lift tickets at most ski ________________ are about $30 to $40 a day.
6. Oasis of the Seas, the world’s most expensive ________________ is currently sailing in the Mediterranean.
7. As I was sea-sick, I stayed in my ________________ during the whole voyage.
8. Every Monday the _______________ Stella Solaris sails from the port of Piraeus for Santorini.
9. He's going to a Boy Scout summer ______________ for two weeks in August.
10. First-class _____________________ are offered a warm meal during the flight.
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
25. GRAMMAR CHECK – INDIRECT SPEECH
Choose the most appropriate reporting verb to turn the following sentences to Indirect ones:
warn blame deny ask suggest

offer advise explain beg remind
1. ‘Adam smashed the window!’ said the teacher.

The teacher ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. ‘Don’t forget you have to polish your boots everyday’, said Sergeant Smith to his soldiers.
Sergeant Smith ……………………………………………………………………………..………………………..…………………………..….
3. ‘Why don’t we go out for dinner tonight?, John said to us.
John ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….
4. Father, please forgive me’, said Anna.
Anna ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….…….………
5. ‘I didn’t sell my story to the press’, said the model.
The model ………..………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..
6. ‘I think you should see a doctor’, I said to my friend.
I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………….
7. ‘Don’t cross that bridge. It’s too dangerous! said the traffic warden to the drivers.
The traffic warden ………………………………………………………………………..because ……………………………………………….
8. ‘The reason I want this job so much is because it will allow me to travel’, he said.
He ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….………………………………………..
9. ‘Have you ever worked abroad?’ I asked Fiona.
I ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………….……………
10. ‘Would you like me to help you with your luggage?’, said the taxi driver to Alex.
The taxi driver ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….

26. Read the text EDUCATION: A RIGHT FOR ALL p. 120-121 and find the DERIVATIVES of the following words:
compel (adj) tolerate (n)

access (adj) maintain (n)
develop (n) illustration (v)
personal (n) literate (n)
strong (v) coincidence (v)
promotion (v) essence (adj)
grow (n) produce (n)
essence (adj) consequently (n)
resist (adj) organize (n)
27. Use a word from the previous exercise to complete the sentences:
a. There is major concern about the rapid _______________ of world population. (increase)
b. All applicants must be are computer-_________________. (have knowledge of)
c. Her position in the party has ___________________ in recent weeks. (become stronger)
d. __________________ to alcohol decreases with age. (ability to resist)
e. Money is not ________________ to happiness. (important)
f. The interests of employers and employees do not always ________________. (are similar)
g. The remote desert area is __________________ only by helicopter. (that can be reached)
h. English is a ___________________ subject at this level. (obligatory)
i. His lecture was ____________________ with slides taken during the expedition. (made more vivid)
28. WORD FOCUS - RIGHT: Complete the sentences with:
be in the right by rights in one’s one right have the right to put to rights
1. It took ages to ______________the room _____________ again. (make normal again)
2. ____________________, the house should be mine now. (it is fair)
3. She's a very wealthy woman _____________________. (without depending on other people)
4. Both sides are convinced that they ______________________. (have the best reasons)
5. Everyone should _____________________ express themselves freely. (be allowed to)
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
29. Fill in the correct phrasal verb.
give in keep up turn up put up set up
kick out let up hold up find out take up
1. They decided not to ___________________ the flight despite the bad weather.
2. I can’t ____________________ with his laziness any longer.
3. It’s hard to _____________________ with your studies and work at the same time.
4. Why did they __________ him ______________ of the team?
5. I want to ______________________ a new sport. Any suggestions?
6. The rain didn’t _______________________ all afternoon, so we eventually stayed in.
7. When did you ______________________ about the accident?
8. He is going to _____________________ a new business selling second-hand cars.
9. If the concert is not good, fewer spectators will _________________ tomorrow.
10. The police should not ___________________ to the kidnapper’s demands.

CULTURAL LINKS FILE 7 – INSTITUTIONS
1. Find words in the text A PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEM: THE UK p. 124-125 125 which mean:
1. _________________ __ (n) the system in which a country is ruled by a king or queen
2. __________________ (n) a system of government in which every citizen in the country
can vote to elect its government officials
3. _________________ __ (adj) concerned with making laws
4. _________________ (adj) consistinging of two parts
5. _________________ (adj) position,
tion, rank, or title that can be passed from an older to a younger person in the
same family
6. _________________ (n) usu. people of the same age, in the same job HERE: a member of the British nobility
7. _________________ (n) change or improvement of a system or law by making it more effective or fairer
8. _________________ (adv) mainly
9. _________________ (n) members of the Government
10. _________________ (n) a government department that controls the money that the country collects and spends
11. _________________ (adj) relating to or happening in one particular country
12. _________________ (adj) transferred (power or authority) to a person or group at a lower level
13. VOCABULARY EXPANSION
2. POLITICAL BELIEFS: Match the idea with the political belief and fill in the name of the person who believes in
it: nationalism • Marxism • anarchism • environmentalism • feminism • communism • racism • fascism •
pluralism • socialism
IF YOU BELIEVE THAT… IT IS CALLED… -ism YOU ARE A(N)… -ist

the economy of a country should be controlled by the state
and wealth should be shared equally
the state should own the means of production and all people
are equal
change is caused by struggle between social classes Marxism
there should be no government or laws in a country
the state should control everything and there should be no
opposition
the country where you live should form an independent
nation; or your country is better than others
people should protect the natural world
women should have the same rights as men
some races (especially your own) are better than others
people of many different races, religions, and political beliefs
can live together in the same society successfully
3. CONFUSING WORDS: Choose the best alternative: rule • regulation • restriction • law • code
a. It is strictly against the rules/ regulations for athletes to take drugs.
b. After hearing the criminal’s acquittal, he decided to take the law/rule into his own hands.
c. The Torah is the basis for all the Jewish laws and their moral law/code.
d. No one's allowed to ride with the driver. That's a company rule/ law.
e. Safety laws/regulations affecting dangerous fluids must be scrupulously observed.
f. There are restrictions/codes on what you can bring into the country. Alcohol, for example, is forbidden.
g. By law/regulation,, seatbelts must be worn by all passengers.

LANGUAGE AWARENESS
4. WORD FORMATION- Fill in the blanks with the right form of the word in capitals:
1. The National Assembly was given a ________________ authority. LEGISLATURE
2. The court will rule on whether the prisoner's ________________ rights were violated. CONSTITUTION
3. You should carry your _________________ card with you at all times. MEMBER
4. All appointments made by the president require __________________ approval. PARLIAMENT
5. The city's population is ____________________ Irish. PREDOMINATE
6. The immune system is the body's _________________ against infection. DEFEND
7. The campaign has helped attract young voters to the _________________ Party. DEMOCRACY
8. She suffers from a rare __________________ disease of the brain. HEREDITY
9. They congratulated him on his __________________ as chairman. APPOINT
10. Peers can be appointed by the _________________ on the advice of Ministers. MONARCHY
5. Match these words from the text THE BRITISH MONARCHY p. 126-127
127 to their definition:
chieftain the act of taking over an official job or position, or the right to be the next to take it
succession a formal discussion of a particular subject etc in which people express different opinions
affection a part of a number or amount, considered in relation to the whole
indifference the leader of a tribe or a Scottish clan
debate to officially demand or receive sth because you have a right to it
proportion lack of interest or concern
claim a feeling of liking or love and caring, fondness
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
6. Correct the form of the underlined
ed words.
The future of the monarchy after the Royal Wedding
The idea that William not Charles should become the next king is being floated by those who think the monarchy
needs an injected1 of youth which the Prince of Wales, at 62, is now too old to provide. Some people also think
2
that he has meddled so much in politicians
politic , publicly expressing his views or privately lobbying ministers on
ce3.
many issues, that he has disqualified himself from a role in which impartiality is essence
The main object4, however, to skipping a generation is that it contradicts the whole
whole point of the monarchy,
which is that success5 is determined simply by birth and not by choose6. Whether Prince Charles is or is not
the best choice to be the next monarch is irrelevant: the system puts him next in line and that’s all there is
to be said about it.
fundamental 7 objection is precisely that in a democrat
Except, that is, for republicans. Their fundamentally democra 8 a head of state,
like any other major public figure, should be election9 rather than assume the role simply by virtue of birth.
The fundamental question of the future of the monarchy is not likely to be seriously addressed until the long
reign of the Queen finally comes to an end. But it is highly
high likely that at some point in the future the
th newly-married
herine Middleton will find themselves at the centre of such a controversial.10
couple Prince William and Catherine
1…………………………….. 2…………………………… 3………………………………. 4……………………………… 5………………..………..
6…………………………….. 7…………………………… 8………………………………. 9……………………………… 10………………..………

7. Find words in the text A PRESIDENTIAL SYSTEM: THE USA p. 128-129 which mean:
1. ___________________ (adj) relating to the law, judges, or their decisions
2. ___________________ (adj) having the highest position of power, importance, or influence
3. _______________________ (v) to disagree with something, especially by saying that the opposite is true
4. ___________________ (adj) not affected by something, or not having to do it or pay it
5. ___________________ (n) a small change, improvement, or addition that is made to a law la or document
6. ___________________ (v) to state something in an exact and detailed way
7. ___________________ (v) to describe something in a general way, giving the main points but not the details
8. ___________________ (adj) relating to the central government of a country such as the US
9. ___________________ (v) to make it certain that something will happen
10. ___________________ (n) a condition in an agreement or law
11. ___________________ (phr.v) to state officially that someone may be guilty of a crime
8. WORD FOCUS – POLITICAL TERMS:
office candidacy landslide parliament leader opponent department agenda opposition cabinet
1. The government set an _____________ for constitutional reform.
2. He is admired even by his political ______________.
3. The polls were predicting that the Labour Party would win by a _______________.
_______________
4. Plans to turn the site into a £600 million
millio leisure complex have met with stiff ______________.
______________
5. 12,000 party members will vote next week to elect a new ______________.
6. The Prime
rime Minister has decided a _______________ reshuffle.
7. There have been attempts to encourage more women to run for _________________.
8. Elections for the European _________________ are set for late next year.
9. The US government ______________
__________ of Labor is concerned with how workers are treated by employers.
10. He has officially withdrawn his _________________ for the presidential election.
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
9. GRAMMAR CHECK: Complete the sentences with SIMPLE PRESENT or SIMPLE PAST
(Active or Passive) and fill in the missing PREPOSITIONS:
The Statue of Liberty
1. The Statue of Liberty (give)________________ a the United States b France.
2. It (be)_______________ a present c the 100th anniversary of the United States.
3. This enormous structure (design ) _________________ by Frederic Auguste Bartholdi.
4. It (complete) __________________ d France in July 1884.
e
5. In 350 pieces, the statue then (ship) _______________
______ the ceremony which
(take) ____________ place on 28 October 1886.
6. The Statue of Liberty (be)_____________ 46 m high (93 m including the base).
7. It (represent) ________________ the goddess of liberty.
8. She (hold) _______________ a torch f her right hand and a tablet g her left hand.
9. he date of the Declaration of Independence (July 4, 1776) (can /see) _________________ h
The the tablet.
10. Every year, the Statue of Liberty (visit) __________________ by many people i all j the world.

10. Read the text THE PRESIDENT OF THE USA p. 130-131 and match the words to their definition:
stand for to tell someone that a possible arrangement, date, or situation is
now definite or official
occur to provide money for an activity, organization, event
serve shared by two or more people
inaugurate to take action or make changes that you have officially decided
should happen
fund forming a necessary part of something
confirm the state of being kept in prison
implement to hold an official ceremony when someone starts doing an
important job in government
withdraw to try to become elected to a council, parliament
detention to stop taking part in an activity, belonging to an organization
mutual to happen
integral to spend a period of time doing useful work or official duties
11. Complete the sentences with words from the previous exercise:
1. ___________________ respect is necessary for any partnership to work.
2. The project is jointly __________________ by several local companies.
3. About a dozen people remain in ________________ without trial.
4. I am writing to __________________ a booking for a single room for the night of 6 June.
5. On 8 January 1959 De Gaulle was ______________________as First President of the Republic.
6. She announced her intention to ____________________ Parliament.
7. He _________________ an eighteen-month sentence for theft.
8. Cost-cutting measures have been _____________________ in most hospitals.
VOCABULARY EXPANSION SOVEREIGN
12. WORD FOCUS – POLITICIANS: Choose a word from the box to name the person who… RINGLEADER
1. …is responsible for a government department._________________ MINISTER
2. … represents their country abroad. __________________ DELEGATE
3. … may be the head of state by birth. __________________ PATRIOT
4. …betrays their country. ___________________ AMBASSADOR
5. …leads others to make trouble. __________________
TRAITOR
6. …loves their country. __________________
7. …represents others at a meeting or conference. ____________________
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
13. KEY-WORD TRANSFORMATIONS: Use two to five words including the word in brackets to complete the
second sentence so that it means the same as the first.
1. The President spoke to the nation on the 4th of July. (DELIVERED)
The President _________________________________ to the nation on the 4th of July.
2. They have accused him of murder. (CHARGED)
He has _______________________________________ murder.
3. His mother comes from Britain. (FOR)
His mother __________________________________ descent.
4. They will meet again next Thursday. (PLACE)
The next meeting _____________________________ Thursday.
5. They don’t have to pay income taxes. (EXEMPT)
They ___________________________________ income taxes.

14. Find words in the text THE MAIN EU INSTITUTIONS p. 132-133 which mean:
1. ___________________ (adj) involving more than one country
2. ___________________ (n) the act of being in charge of an activity or person, and
making sure that things are done in the correct way
3. ___________________ (adj) relating to the money available to an organization or person & how it will be spent
4. ___________________
_________________ (n) taking action or making changes that you have officially decided should happen
5. ___________________ (n) someone who deals with complaints made by ordinary people against the
government, banks, insurance companies
6. ___________________ (n) the main building or offices used by a large company or organization
7. ___________________ (v) to do a particular job for a particular period of time & then change places with sb else
8. ___________________ (v) to improve
9. ___________________ (n) doing something well and effectively, without wasting time, money, or energy
10. ___________________ (n) being allowed and acceptable according to the law
11. ___________________ (n) the situation in which members of a group are connected or united because they
share common
ommon aims, qualities, or beliefs
LANGUAGE AWARENESS
15. WORD FORMATION – Complete the table:
VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE
president/presidency
X federation
government/governor
defend
execute
contradictory
exempt exempted
xempted
amend
specific
provision
occur X
confirm confirmed
implement/
elector/ /electorate
X secret
withdrawn
detain
descend / descending
integration
/supervision x
legitimize
X / (in)coherent
coherent
X budget
constitution
legislative

LANGUAGE AWARENESS
16. Correct the form of the underlined words:
European Parliament
The European Parliament is the principle1 democratic component of the EU system, composing2 of members directly
elections3 by Europeans. Its job is to bring the concerns and priorities of European citizenships4 into the system and
to representation5 their politics6 views in according7 with the outcome of the elections. Together with the Council,
with which agreeable8 must be found, the Europe9 Parliament is irresponsible10 for examining, amending and
passing EU legislative11 and setting the EU's annually12 budget, based on proposals from the European Commission.
It also supervisors13 the Commission, holding it to account for the way it implements EU policy and spends
taxpayer's14 money from the EU budget.
1……………………….…… 2…………………..……… 3……………………….…… 4………………………….…. 5………………………….
6……………………………. 7………………………….. 8……………………………. 9…………………………….. 10………………………..
11………………………….. 12………………………… 13………………………….. 14……………………………
17. Replace the underlined bold expressions with PHRASAL VERBS in the right form from the box:
carry out bring off draw up go through get sth across face up to
iron out bring in work out die out do away with
1. It’s amazing how they managed to succeed in ……………………………..their plan so easily.

2. A new non-smoking law will soon be introduced…………………………………………
3. Officers are expected to execute …………….………………………..all orders without hesitation.
4. A new bill was written ……………………………………..in Parliament aiming to limit destruction to the environment.
5. We must protect and save the species which are on the verge of becoming extinct………………………………………….
6. We should also get rid of ……………………………………old vehicles which pollute the environment.
7. It’s time to deal with ……………………………………. the truth. Whenever I try to communicate an idea,
………………………………………….…….my boss doesn’t get it.
8. We have to find …………………………………..a solution because business is suffering.
9. He examined ………………………………the entire report hoping to find an error.
10. The chairman of the board decided to fix …………………………………..any issues before they became serious.
set up lay aside put down to stand for hold up look sb up

lay off hand in narrow down run through
11. What is delaying …………………………………….the implementation of the new law?

12. The MP submitted …………………………………………..his resignation after the revelation of the scandal.
13. We have enough cash saved …………………………………….to buy a new car.
14. I promised to locate and visit ……………………………………………him should I ever be in London.
15. Several employees were suspended from the job ………………………………………….due to budget cuts.
16. She will have to reduce …………………………………………….her choices to two so she can decide more easily.
17. The candidate attributed his success…………………………………… to the dedication of his followers.
18. How did the government manage to spend ………………………………….so much money?
19. They decided to establish ………………………………..their own import business.
20. WWF represents ……………………………………………World Wide Fund.

LANGUAGE AWARENESS
18. GRAMMAR CHECK - CONDITIONALS AND UNREAL PAST: Put the words in brackets into the correct form:
1. I'd prefer_________________(not/go) to the party today if you don't mind.
2. If it_____________(not/be) for David's skill we____________________(lose) the match yesterday.
3. You can borrow the car provided you _________________(bring) it back by noon.
4. I'd rather you_________________(not/speak) to him earlier.
5. If it______________(not/be) for his appeal to the Supreme Court, he_________________(still/be) in prison.
6. I wish I___________________ (be/able) to play the drums when I___________(be) young.
7. It's about time the match__________________(start). It's getting late.
8. You had better_____________(not/do) that unless you________________(ask) me first.
19. GRAMMAR CHECK - PASSIVE VOICE AND CAUSATIVE FORM: Complete the second sentence so that it has the
same meaning as the first one.
1. It is thought that the ringleader has been shot. (to)
The ringleader ____________________________________________ shot.
2. He won't let us play inside, will he? (allowed) CAUSATIVE
to HAVE/GET sth DONE
We _______________________________________________________ we?
to HAVE sb DO sth
3. He needs someone to show him how to do it. (be) to GET sb TO DO sth
He_____________________________ how to do it.
4. They are going to sign the contract next week, aren't they? (be)
The contract _______________________________________________ it?
5. You have to ask someone to look at it. (looked)
You _________________________________________________at.
6. He made his wife admit that she had been lying. (was)
His wife_____________________________________ that she had been lying.
7. Her dress was torn last night. (had)
She _______________________________last night.
8. They'll try to persuade the Opposition to vote for the amendment. (get)
They 'll try to_______________________________________ the amendment.
20. GRAMMAR CHECK – INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS: Choose the correct form of the verbs in bold:
1. We can’t allow you to leave/leaving. *Can you unjumble
2. They suggested to have/having a holiday in India. the comparisons?
3. You shouldn’t risk to invest/investing all your money on this company. as blind as the grave
4. Can you afford to buy/buying such an expensive car? as brave as lightning
as busy as a bat
5. I have difficulty to understand/understanding you.
as cold as a lion
6. We intend to get/getting to the bottom of this mystery. as cunning as gold
7. I am sorry to tell/telling you that you didn’t get the job. as fast as a bell
8. They will never forget to meet/meeting Nelson Mandela. as black as pitch
as free as a bee
9. This form needs to fill / filling in. as good as ice
10. I heard the fans cheer/cheering as I drove past the stadium. as silent as a bird
as proud as snow
as smooth as a kitten
21. GRAMMAR CHECK – COMPARISONS*: Choose between the two alternatives: as white as a peacock
a. The less/fewer members of staff we have, the less/fewer information we can gather. as sound as a fox
b. Although he works as/like a clerk, he acts as/like the managing director. as harmless as velvet
c. Although he is elder/older than his brother, he never felt closer/more closely to him than now.
d. The exercise was more/much easier than I had imagined. In fact it was the easier/easiest of the two.
e. The more/most you eat, the fatter/fattest you become.

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CULTURAL LINKS FILE 1 - LANGUAGE

OLD ENGLISH (400 A.D.-1066)

MIDDLE ENGLISH (1066-1500s)

MODERN ENGLISH (1500s-2000s)

1. Copenhagen has about 1.4 million invaders / inhabitants.

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VERB NOUN ADJECTIVE

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James Cook (1728-1779)

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a. types of film: _____________________________________________________________________________

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1. Their diet consists /composes largely of vegetables.

a. I have a real problem with ______________ of information. RETAIN

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1. The schooll teaches pupils from different national/ethnic groups.

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(not/ buy)8_________________________ a present for her yet.

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ancestry one part of a situation, idea, plan

1. We have ______________________________ music. We both like jazz.

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raw (not cooked) rare (meat cooked for a short time)

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a. The government issued an official _________________ of the rumour. DENY

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3. Some of the following words have adjectives in many categories:

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SPORT VENUE EQUIPMENT

fall back on use in case of emergency fall through fail to happen

1. She hurt her ankle and ________________ the others.

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4. We travelled across a broad ______________ of desert. EXPAND

1. He claims he is a direct avalanche of Napoleon Bonaparte. ________________

AUSTRALIA, THE LAND «DOWN UNDER» p. 52-53

break down become less important

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c. The ring was _____________________ to her from her grandmother.

the circumstances age arrest construction cover

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escarpment a state of disagreement or argument between people, groups, countries

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Gandhi is a 1982 _________ (high) acclaimed _______________ (biography) film based

1. Scientists estimate that ________________________

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CARBON FOOTPRINT p. 70-71

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ENDANGERED SPECIES p. 72-73

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1. __________________ (adv) fast

America’s Industrial Revolution

12. __________________ (adj) great and sudden

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1. You __________________ to me instead of telling me what really happened. Why?

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The Cinderella Man

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Gandhi is a 1982 _ (high) acclaimed _______ (biography) film based