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Simulink Based Design Simulations of Band Pass Fir Filter: Lalit Maurya, Vijay Kr. Srivastava, Rajesh Mehra
Simulink Based Design Simulations of Band Pass Fir Filter: Lalit Maurya, Vijay Kr. Srivastava, Rajesh Mehra
Abstract
In this paper, window function method is used to design digital filters. The Band Pass filter has been design with help of Simulink in
MATLAB, which have better characteristics of devising filter in fast and effective way. The band pass filter has been design and
simulated using Kaiser window technique. This model is established by using Simulink in MATLAB and the filtered waveforms are
observed by spectrum scope to analyze the performance of the filter.
N−1
y n = h m x n−m (2)
m=0
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Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 157
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
Conjugate poles are controlled by every joint among the Its linear network structure is presented as following picture:
structure for conveniently transmitting zeros. This type of
structure requires more coefficients and multiplication than the
direct one so it is not often used[4].
h n = h(N − 1 − n)
(4)
h n = −h(N − 1 − n)
Fig 3 h(n) for the dual symmetry, N is an even
From the above equation it can be realized that the center of
the symmetry has the coordinate of (N-1)/2 which shows that When h(n) is for the dual symmetry, N is an odd number, its
the filter is linear phase. [5]. The symmetrical characteristic of linear network structure is presented as follows [6]:
the FIR filter can simplify network structure (here only for
discussion when h(n) is an even-symmetry case and N is an
even number. It’s the same theory when h(n) is an odd-
symmetry presentation) when h(n) is even symmetry and N is
an even number:
When h(n) is for the dual symmetry, N is an even number: Fig 4 h(n) for the dual symmetry, N is an odd
N−1
From the above analysis we conclude that: linear phase FIR
H z = h n z −n filter require half of multiplications compared with a direct-
n=0 form one. However, we choose the direct form due to its
(N/2)−1 N−1 design convenience and the same linear phase restrictions will
−n
= h n z + h n z −n (5) be satisfied when it is consistent with linear restrictions [7].
n=0 n=N/2
3. WINDOW FUNCTION
Among the second∑ , we put n = N -1-m, and change m with
The most straightforward approach to obtain a causal finite
n to get the expression:
impulse response (FIR) is to truncate and smooth the ideal
(N/2)−1 response. We begin with the desired frequency response
specification Hd(ejω ) and determine its unit sample
H z = h n z −n
responsehd(n). Indeed, hd(n) is related to Hd(ejω ) by the
n=0
(N/2)−1 Fourier Transform relation:
+ h N − 1 − n z −(N−1−n) (6) N−1
jω
n=0 H e = h n e−jωn (8)
n=0
On the basis of linear parity- symmetry conditions: h(n) = Where
±h(N -1- n) , with (6) it modified into new formula as follows: π
1
N hd n = Hd ejω ejωn dω (9)
( )−1
2
2π
−π
H z = h n [z −n ± z − N−1−n ] (7)
n=0
In general, the unit sample response hd(n) obtained from (9) is
infinite in duration and must be truncated at some point to
devise an FIR filter of length M. One effective way for
truncation of hd(n) to some finite length is equivalent to
multiplying hd(n) by a length-finite window sequence namely:
h(n)= ω(n)hd(n), and turning noncasual sequence into a casual
one[8].
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Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 158
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
Frequently-used window functions can be listed as Triangular 1) Given the desired frequency response functionHd(ejω ).
windows, Hann window, Hamming window, Kaiser windows 2) Calculating hd (n) = IDTFT [ Hd(ejω )].
and Blackman windows and so forth. All kinds of functional 3) Judging by the chart tableI, The shape of the window and
parameters list is as follows: the size of N should be certain due to the requirements of the
transition bandwidth and the minimum stopband attenuation.
4) Determine the unit sampling response of the FIR design
h(n),n=0,1,…N-1
5) Calculating Hd(ejω )) = DTFT [hd(n)], and verifying if it
meets the requirements otherwise redesign it[11].
In short, window function method is most simple and effective
way as well as the most common way for designing FIR filter.
ωs − ωp
∆f =
2π
Fig 8: Spectral response of mixed sinusoidal signal Fig 11: output spectrum of minimum order filter
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Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 160
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
CONCLUSIONS
Window function method is used to achieve the finite impulse
response with the help of window function with certain width
to intercept an infinite impulse response. We can design and
analyze the filter output effectively, precisely, easily with the
help of Simulink in MATLAB. It is more practical and
adjustable at any time by contrasting characteristics of the
filter, in order to achieve the optimal design of the filter.
Judging the output spectrum of mixed signal the filter design
is achieved with the given specified parameters to fulfill the
designer requirement. Further we observed that the side lobe
attenuation decreases as the filter order increases, resulting the
better performance of the filter which leads to fulfill the
requirement.
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Volume: 03 Issue: 02 | Feb-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 161