3 HIvtSm_À 2020

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 3 HIvtSm_À ]pkvX-Iw e¡w
2020
hne: ` 20 64 52 FUn-äÀ:
kn.-]n. sskX-ehn

k_v FUntägvkv:
hn.-sI. kptcjv
]n.-Fw. -P-b³
{]q^v:
N{µ³ ]q¡mSv
teþHu«v & IhÀ Unssk³:
sI.-hn. Akvew \Sp-¡c

Cu hn-[n t\-c-s¯ F-gp-Xn-sh-¨-Xv Atbm-[y-bp-sS Ipcp-¡m-Ip¶

10 sh-¦n-tS-jv cm-a-Ir-jv-W³/
hn.sI kp-tc-jv
1992 Unkw_À Bdn\v _m_dn akvPnZv
kwL]cnhmÀ XIÀ¡psa¶v ap¶dnbn¸v
\ÂInb GI am[ya {]hÀ¯I\mWv
{^@v- sse\nsâ ko\nbÀ Atkmkntbäv
FUnädmb sh¦ntSjv cmaIrjvW³. am{X-
aà B Ncn{X kvamcIw XIÀ¡p¶
Xn\v km£nbpw. _m_dn akvPnZv tIknÂ
sh¦ntSjnsâ km£nsamgn tcJs¸Sp¯n
bn«p@v. akvPnZv XIÀ¯ tIkn {]
XnIfmb FÂ.sI.AZzm\nsbbS¡w shdp
sX hn« eIv\uhnse kn _n sF tImSXn
bpsS Xocpam\¯nsâ ]Ým¯e¯n 92
Unkw_À 6 sâ \Sp¡p¶ A\p`h§fpw
KqVmtemN\bpw hn[n D@m¡p¶
{]XymLmX§fpw Fs´¶v hniZoIcn
¡p¶p sh¦ntSjv cmaIrjvW³.
18 hÀKo-b N-cn{Xw
BÀ.F-kv iÀ-a / hn-h: _o-P hn.kn
BZc-Wo-b\m-b hnJymX N-cn-{X-
Im-c³ BÀ.F-kv iÀ-a-bpsS
hÀKo-b-N-cn-{X-hpw cm-a-sâ
A-tbm-[ybpw(Communal History and
Rama’s Ayodhya)F-¶ B[n-Imcn-I
{K-Ù-¯n-se {]-k-à `m-K-am-Wn-hn-
sS {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv.
34 te_À tImUp-IÄ
sI.-k-l-tZ-h³
2020 sk]vXw-_À 23\mWv ]mÀe-saâ nÂ
sh¨v 3 te_À tImUp-IÄ
]mkm-¡-s¸-«-Xv. ]pXnb te_À tImUp-
Isf kw_-Ôn-¨pw Ah C´y-bpsS
sXmgn taJ-esb F§s\ _m[n-¡p-
¶p F-¶-Xn-s\ kw-_-Ôn¨pw hn-i-Ie-
\w sN-¿p-¶p B-În-hn-Ìpw F-gp-¯p-
Im-c-\pam-b te-JI³.

teJ\w IhnX
40 F- kv ]n _n A-\p-`-hw ^mjn-Ìp-Imew
44 Xm§m-\m-ImsX 8 hn[nt_mw_pIÄ
sI.-Pn.-Fkv
-tPm-Wn Fw FÂ
kzbw hnS-]-d-ª a\p-jy³ 9 sN¶mbv ¡Ä
A_vZpÄ djoZv sI.hn F³.-{]-`m-I-c³
\-·-bp-sS sh-fn-¨w
64 Fw.F³ Im-c-tÈ-cn
IY
68 Xpem¯p¼nIÄ
ap\oÀ tXmÂs¸«n
Ip«n-I-fpsS t\mh ]wànIÄ
Zni
7 A-
t\mh 76 s]m³- ap-«-bn-Sp-¶
]qh³-tImgn
_q-Pp-am³
BZw Xp-cp¯v
58 jmlpÂlaoZv 80 sse{_dn
sI.Sn. sI.Fkv an\n

N{µnI BgvN-¸-Xn-¸v
]n.-_n. \¼À: 64, YMCA tdmUv 0495-þ2766032, 0495þ2765950 chandrikaweeklynew@gmail.com
tImgn-t¡m-Svþ673001 2767040, 2765122

3
 I¯p-IÄ chandrikaweeklynew@gmail.com
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]{Xm-[n-]À, N{µnI BgvN-¸-Xn-¸v,

]n._n.-\-¼Àþ64, ssh.-Fw.kn.F tdmUv,
tImgn-t¡mSvþ673001

tI{µ \nba§Ä
]mhs¸«hsâ A´yw
Ipdn¡pt¼mÄ
_meIrjvW aWnbmWn cnWan¡pw.{]Xn]£w ]dbp¶Xv kmIqXw
apgt¡mw, ImkÀt¡mSv tIÄ¡m\pw {InbmßIamWv \nÀt±i§sf
¦n AXv AwKoIcn¡m\pw am\yX

I
ImWn¡m³ `cW]£¯n\v IgnbWw.
gnª e¡¯n C.Sn apl½Zv F¶m \tc{µ tamZn `cWIqS¯n\v
_joÀ Fw.]n
FgpXnb A
¶wapS¡p¶
kwL]cnhmdpw a[pcw ]pc
«nb ]mjmWhpw hmbn¨p.
tI{µw Npfphn ]mkm¡p¶
Zpc´Ime \nba§Ä FÃmw
]mhs¸« P\§fpsS A´yam
Wv e£yanSp¶Xv . ]pXnb
IÀjI _nÃpw sXmgn \n
bahpw C¡mcyw ASnhcbnSp
¶p.C.Sn. AXv sXfnª `mj
bn hyàambn AhXcn¸n
¨p. ]mÀesa³ddn hyhØbn
 {]Xn]£¯nsâ iЯn
\v AÀln¡pwhn[w ]cnKW\
`cW]£w \ÂIp¶nsænÂ
AXv GIm[n]Xyambn ]

4 3 HIvtSm_À 2020

]mÀesaâdn kwhn[m\¯n hnizmkansöv
sXfnbn¡p¶XmWv ]mÀesa³dnse kao]
Ime NÀ¨IÄ apgph\pw. NÀ¨ IqSmsX
]mkm¡p¶ \nba§Ä AXmWv
ImWn¡p¶Xv.
]pXnb \nbaw C´ybnse Zcn{Z {KmaoW
IÀjIsâ D¸¶§Ä¡v hn]Wn
D@m¡psa¶ \pW¸pd¯mWv _n sP ]n
a{´namÀ Ct¸mgpw k©cn¡p¶Xv. F¶mÂ
cmj{Sw apgph\mbpw tImÀ¸tdäv h¡cn
¨hcmWv IÀjI t£aw F¶ \pW
hnf¼p¶Xv. _nÃn cm{ã]Xn H¸psh¨p.\n
baambn.CtXmsS IÀjIcpsS ]mS§fnÂ
F´v hnfbWsa¶v tImÀ¸tdäv apXemfnamÀ
Xocpam\n¡pw. D¸¶¯nsâ hnebpw AhÀ
Xs¶ \nÝbn¡pw.
D¯tc´ybn hfÀ¶p hcp¶ {]t£m
`§sf IqSpX iàam¡nbm C´y
c£s¸Spw.
sXmgn \nba§Ä GIoIcns¨¶v ho¼n
f¡p¶hÀ hyhkmb `oa³amÀ¡pw ^mÎdn
apXemfnamÀ¡pw sXmgnemfnIsf Ft¸mÄ
thWsa¦nepw ]ncn¨phnSmsa¶ AhØbnte
s¡¯n¨ncn¡p¶p. ISp¯ sXmgn Nqj
WamWv Cu \nba¯nsâ e£yw. temIw
apgph³ AwKoIcn¡p¶ sXmgnemfn t£a
k¦ev]§sf XIÀs¯dnbpIbmWv tamZn
Kh¬saâ v. CXns\ÃmsaXnsc iàamb
Bib {]NmcW§Ä thWw. A¡mcy¯nÂ
]pXnb \nbaw C´ybnse
Zcn{Z {KmaoW IÀjIsâ
D¸¶§Ä¡v hn]Wn
D@m¡psa¶ \pW¸pd¯mWv
_n sP ]n a{´namÀ Ct¸mgpw
k©cn¡p¶Xv. F¶m cm-
j{Sw apgph\mbpw tImÀ¸tdäv
h¡cn¨hcmWv IÀjI t£aw
F¶ \pW hnf¼p¶Xv. _nÃnÂ
cm{ã]Xn H¸psh¨p. \n
baambn. CtXmsS IÀjIcpsS
]mS§fn F´v hnfbWsa¶v
tImÀ¸tdäv apXemfnamÀ Xo-
cpam\n¡pw. D¸¶¯nsâ
hnebpw AhÀ Xs¶ \nÝ
bn¡pw.
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
ww.facebook.com/Chandrikaweekly
BgvN¸Xn¸v ]peÀ¯p¶ Pm{KX XpScWw.
F¶m CsXms¡ km[mcW P\§Ä¡v
apgph³ hmbn¡m³ Ignbpw hn[¯nÂ
A¨Snbnte¡v sIm@phcWw.UnPnäÂ
temI¯v \n¶v am{XamWv teJ\§Ä
hmbn¡m\mhp¶pÅq. CXn\v amäw hcp¯n
hmb\bpsS s]mXphnSw N{µnI BgvN¸Xn¸v
Xncn¨p ]nSn¡Ww .AXn\v Dd¸p@m¡Ww.
C .Sn.apl½Zv _joÀ Fw ]n \mw t\cnSp
¶ `ojWnIsf ka{KXtbmsS AhXcn¸n¨p.
At±l¯n\pw BgvN¸Xn¸n\pw A`n\µ\w.
\yq\]£s¯
XpS¨p \o¡pw
AhÀ
Aao³ AÐpÃ
IWnbm¼ä, hb\mSv.
B gv N ¸Xn¸nsâ A¼Xmw
e¡¯n kenw tZfn
FgpXnb teJ\w \¶mbn.
UÂln Iem]hpambn _
Ôs¸«v s]meokv tImSXnbn kaÀ¸n¨
Ipä]{Xs¯ teJ\w {]Xn Iq«n Ibän!
P\m[n]Xyw C´ybv¡v In«m¡\nbmhp¶
Imew hnZqcaÃ. ChnsS \yq\]£
kapZmbmwK§Ä¡v Pohn¡m³ ]äm¯
kmlNcyamWvBÀ Fkv Fkv krãn¡p¶Xv.
s]meokv, \nbaw, tImSXn F¶nhsb FÃmw
AhÀ hcpXnbnem¡n. ]«mfhpw AhcpsS
sNm¸Sn¡v IognemIm³ A[nIw Xma
kap@mhnà F¶v thWw IcpXm³. AtXmsS
sshhn[y§fpsS C´y XIcpw. ]n¶oSp
@mhpI ]ckv]cw sshc¯m Ieln¡p¶
C´ybmbncn¡pw. KpPdm¯v hwilXy
tamUem¡nb tamZn AXv cmPyw apgph\pw
hym]n¸n¡ptam? P\m[n]XyhmZnIÄ¡v
C¡mcyw kw`hn¡psa¶v kwibap@v .
UÂln Iem]¯n sImÃs¸« \nc
]cm[nIÄ¡v AhcpsS A´y¯n\v tijw
t]mepw im´n \ÂIm\mhp¶nÃtÃm F¶v
HmÀ¡pt¼mÄ thZ\bp@v.
5
 Zni
A-_q-Pp-am³
\mw sN-¿p-Itbm ]-¦m-fn-I-
fm-hp-Itbm sN-¿p-¶
\-· am-{X-aà B \·-
sb Ip-dn-¨p-Å HmÀ-a-t]mepw \-s½ {X-kn-¸n-
¡p-Ibpw Iq-Sp-XÂ \-·-IÄ sN-¿m³ t{]-cn-
¸n- ¨ p- s Im- @ n- c n- ¡ p- I bpw sN- ¿ pw. Hmtcm
Zn-h-khpw Hmtcm \-· ho-X-sa-¦nepw sN-¿m³
D-t±-iy-]qÀ-hw {i-an-¨m \-½p-sS Po-hn-Xw
{Ita-W \-· ]q-¡p-¶ a-c-am-bn ]-cn-W-an-¡pw.
a-äp-Å-h-cp-sS \-·-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨p ]-d-bp-¶Xpw
tIÄ-¡p-¶Xpw \-·-sb-¡p-dn-¨p-Å hÀ-¯-am-
\-§Ä \n-c´-cw ]-¦p-sh¨p-sIm-@n-cn-¡p-¶Xpw
k-aq-l-¯n sIm-¨p sIm-¨p \-·-I-fp-sS sN-
Sn-IÄ \-«p-h-fÀ-¯p-¶-Xn-\p k-a-amWv.
""\n-§-fp-sS Po-hn-X-¯n \n-§Ä sN-bv-
XXpw A-Xp sN-¿m³ km-[n-¨-Xn-sâ t]-cnÂ
\n-§Ä-¡v A-`n-am-\w tXm-¶p-¶-Xpam-b H-cp
{]-hr-¯n hn-i-Z-am-bn ]dbq'' F-¶v \n-§Ä
H-cp k-`-bn ]-d-bp¶p. Hm-tcm-cp-¯cpw X-§Ä-
¡v sN-¿m³ I-gn-ª Hm-tcmtcm kÂ-{]-hr-¯n-
6 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
IÄ k-Z-Êp-am-bn ]-¦p-sh-¡p¶p.
H-cmÄ C§-s\ ]-d-bp-¶p F-¶v k-¦Â-¸n-
¡p-I. Rm³ tdm-Un-eq-sS \S-¶p t]m-hp-I-
bm-bn-cp¶p. A-t¸mÄ h-gn-b-cn-In H-cp hr-
²³ Ft´m {]-bm-kw I-Sn-¨-aÀ-¯n-s¡m-@v
F¶ t]m-se C-cn-¡p¶-Xp I@p. BZyw
A-h-K-Wn-¨p c@-Sn ap-t¶m-«p \-S-¶ Rm³
Xn-cn-¨ph-¶v Abm-tfm-Sv F-´m-Wn§-s\ C-cn-
¡p-¶Xv, F-s´-¦nepw hnj-aw Dt@m F-¶m-
cmªp. sXÃp a-Sn-¨m-sW-¦nepw a-äp \n-hr-
¯n-bnà F-¶ \n-Ê-lm-b-X-bn A-bmÄ
F-t¶m-Sv X-e I-d-§p-¶-Xm-bn tXm-¶p¶p,
AXp-sIm-@v C-cp-¶-Xm-Wv F-¶p ]-dªp.
Rm³ A-bm-fp-sS hn-h-c-§-sfÃmw tNm-Zn-¨-
dnªp. Hcp Hm-t«mdn-£ h-cp-¯n ¢n-\n-¡nÂ
sIm@p-t]m-bn tUmÎ-sd Im-Wn¨p. ti-jw
_-Ôp¡-sf t^m-Wn hnh-cw A-dn-bn¨p.
H-c-[ym-]-I³ X-sâ ¢m-kn ]-Xn-hm-bn
ssh-In-h-¶ Ip-«n-bp-sS ho-«n-se km-l-N-cy-
§Ä tNm-Zn-¨p a-\-Ên-em¡n. ss{U-hÀ B-bn-
 \-·-bp-sS
\-dpa-Ww
cp-¶ A-ѳ A-]-I-S-¯nÂ-s¸-«v G-I-tZ-iw
H-cp hÀ-j-t¯m-f-am-bn sa-Un-¡Â tIm-f-PnÂ
Nn-In-Õ-bn-emWv. A-½ B-ip-]-{Xn-bn AÑ-
s\ k-lm-bn-¡m³ \nÂ-¡p¶p. Ip-Spw-_w
]p-eÀ-¯m-\p-Å D-¯-c-hm-ZnXzw ¹-kv-Sp-hn\v
]Tn-¡p-¶ Cu hn-ZymÀ-°n-bp-sS Np-a-en-emWv.
]p-eÀ-s¨ aq-¶p a-Wn-¡v F-gp-t¶-äv a-WÂ
hm-cm³ t]m-bm-Wv A-h³ A-Ñ-\p-Å B-ip-
]-{Xn-s¨-ehpw Xm\pw am-Xm-]n-Xm-¡fpw A-
\n-b-¯nbpw DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶ Ip-Spw-_-¯n-\p-Å
B-lm-chpw I-s@-¯p-¶-Xv. A-[ym-]-I³
k-l-{]-hÀ-¯-I-cp-sS k-lm-b-t¯msS Cu
Ip-Spw-_¯n\v km-am\yw t`-Z-s¸-« H-cp Xp-I
k-am-l-cn-¨p \Â-Ip¶p.
a-säm-cmÄ ]-d-ª kw`-hw C-XmWv. AÂ-
¸w Xn-c-¡p-Å H-cp _-Êp Im-¯n-cn-¸p-tI-{µ-
¯n _-Êp Im-¯p \nÂ-¡p-Ib - m-Wv A-bmÄ.
H-cp \m-tSm-Sn Ip-Spw-_w kv-ämâ v ]-cn-k-c-¯p-
@v. A-©p h-b-Ên Xm-sg-bp-Å \me-©p
Ip-«nIÄ. Btcm Zm-\w \ÂIn-b H-cp ]-g-¯n-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
55
\p-th-@n A-Sn Iq-Sp¶p. B-fp-IÄ B Im-gv-N
I-@p c-kn-¡p-I-bmWv. B Imgv-N I-@p I-c-
f-enª B \Ã a-\p-jy³ A-Sp-¯p-Å I-S-
bn \n-¶v H-cp Intem ]-gw hm-§n B Ip-«n-
IÄ-¡v ho-Xn-¨p \ÂIn.
tlm-«-en-\p ap-¶n hm-bn-¨p-\nÂ-¡p-I-bm-
bn-cp-¶ hr-²-bv-¡v D-¨-bq¬ ]mÀ-k hm-§n-
s¡m-Sp-¯ BÄ, h-gn-bn \n¶vv X-S-Ê-§Ä
tZ-lm-[zm-\w sN-bv-Xp am-änb BÄ. bqWn-t^m-
anÃm-¯ Ip-«n-¡v bqWn-t^mw hm-§nsIm-Sp-¯
BÄ. A§-s\ \-·-bp-sS hnhn-[ kw-`-h-§Ä
k-Z-Ên ]-¦p-sh-bv¡-s¸«p. XoÀ-¨-bmbpw \n-
§Ä DÄ-s¸-sS B k-Z-Ên-ep-Å ap-gp-h³
B-fp-I-fp-sSbpw a\-Êv A-t¸mÄ ap-¼-t¯-Xn-
t\-¡mÄ BÀ-{Z-am-bn-«p-@m-hpw. Hmtcm Zn-h-
khpw H-cp sNdn-b \-·-sb-¦nepw sN-¿-W-sa-¶
\n-jvT-tbm-sS Pohn-¡p-¶-h-cp-sS Po-hn-Xw XoÀ-
¨-bmbpw \ndapÅXpw AÀ-°-]qÀ-W-hp-am-bn-
cn-¡pw.
7
IhnX

sI.-Pn.-Fkv

hn[nt_mw_pIÄ
Nne ]n¡mkpIÄ
akvPnZv XIÀ¯p.
Nne hn[nt_mw_pIÄ \oXn\ymbhyhØ
XIÀ¯p.

8 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
 F³.-{]-`m-I-c³

sN¶mbv¡Ä
sN ¶mbv¡sf¡pdn¨pÅ ]Xn\©v hÀjs¯ GIm{Khpw
t¢i\nÀ`chpamb ]T\¯n\ptijhpw B
P´pimkv{XKthjI³ {]tXyIw £Wn¡s¸« GXm\pw ]
ÞnXcpsSbpw KthjIcpsSbpw ap¶n Xsâ ]T\w kw_
Ôn¨v AhXcn¸n¨ {lkzamb {]_Ô¯nse
hfsc {][m\s¸« Hcp JÞnI C§s\bmbncp¶p:
sN¶mbv¡Ä s]mXpsh hfsc im´ioecmWv. Im«nse am\
pIÄ¡v Xn¶m³ ]änb Cfw ]pÃpÅ CS§Ä
ImWn¨psImSp¡pIbmWv AhcpsS {][m\ tPmen. ]T\
mhiy¯n\pth@n Rm³ _Ôs¸« 339 sN¶mbv¡fnÂ
H¶pt]mepw amwkmlmcnbÃ. am{Xhpaà aäv h\yPohnIfnÂ
\n¶v hyXykvXcmbn AhÀ kz´ambn Blmcw ]mIw
sNbvXp Ign¡p¶hcmWv. N¸m¯nbpw ZmepamWv AhcpsS
Cã`£Ww. HcpZnhkw A¼Xv N¸m¯n hsc Xn¶p¶
sN¶mbv¡sf Rm³ I@n«p@v. _p²`Khmsâ hn{Kl¯nÂ
apøqame NmÀ¯nb tijta AhÀ {]mX Ign¡q. \t¶
sNdnb {]mb¯n Xs¶ amXm]nXm¡Ä Cusbmcp Nn«
bmsXmcp hn«phogvNbpanÃmsX X§fpsS Ip«nIsf ]
cnioen¸n¡pw.
KthjIsâ Cu Is@¯epIfmWv {]_ÔmhXcW¯n\p
tijw \S¶ NÀ¨bn Gähpa[nIw {]IoÀ¯n¡s¸«Xv.

3 HIvtSm_À 2020
9
Cu hn-F-[ n
gp-Xn-sh-¨-Xv
t\-c-s¯
1992 Unkw_À Bdn\v _m_dn akvPnZv kwL]cnhmÀ XIÀ¡psa¶v ap¶dnbn¸v
\ÂInb GI am[ya {]hÀ¯I\mWv {^@v- sse\nsâ ko\nbÀ Atkmkntbäv
FUnädmb sh¦ntSjv cmaIrjvW³. am{Xaà B Ncn{X kvamcIw XIÀ¡p¶
Xn\v km£nbpw._m_dn akvPnZv tIkn sh¦ntSjnsâ km£nsamgn tcJs¸Sp¯n
bn«p@v. akvPnZv XIÀ¯ tIkn {]XnIfmb FÂ.sI.AZzm\nsbbS¡w shdpsX
hn« eIv\uhnse kn _n sF tImSXnbpsS Xocpam\¯nsâ ]Ým¯e¯n 92
Unkw_À 6 sâ \Sp¡p¶ A\p`h§fpw KqVmtemN\bpw hn[n D@m¡p¶
{]XymLmX§fpw Fs´¶v hniZoIcn¡p¶p sh¦ntSjv cmaIrjvW³.

10 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
 sh-¦n-tS-jv cm-a-Ir-jv-W³/
hn.sI kp-tc-jv

I -gn-ª B-dp hÀ-j-am-bn \-½p-sS

P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-sâ s\-Spw-Xq-Wp-
IÄ H- s ¶m- ¶ m- b n X- I À- ¶ p-
sIm@n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. B X-IÀ-
¨-bp-sS G-ä-hpw _o-`-Õ-hpw sR-«n-¸n-¡p-
¶-Xp-am-b H-¶m-Wv _m-_-cn a-kv-Pn-Zv X-IÀ-¯
tI-kn A-Zzm-\n-b-S-¡w kw-L-]-cn-hmÀ t\-Xm-
¡-sf Ip-ä-¡m-c-sÃ-¶v I@v sh-dp-sX hn-« e-Iv-
\u-hn-se {]-tXy-I kn._n.sF tIm-S-Xn hn-[n.
Cu tI-kn Rm³ sam-gn-\Â-In-b km-£n-bm-
Wv. {^@v-sse-\n Rm-s\-gp-Xn-b te-J-\w
tIm-S-Xn-bn sX-fn-hm-bn \Â-I-s¸-«n-«p@v. 1992
Un-kw-_À 19\v {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨ {^@v-sse-\n-se
te-J-\-am-W-Xv. 1992 Un-kw-_À 5\pw B-dn-\pw
A-tbm-[y-bn D@m-b Hm-tcm kw-`-h-§-fp-sS-
bpw ssSw-sse³ A-Xn \Â-In-bn-cp-¶p. A-Xn-
s\-¡p-dn-¨v A-t\z-j-I-kw-Lw F-¶n \n-¶v
sam-gn F-Sp-¯n-cp-¶p. F-§-s\-bm-Wv C-{X Ir-
Xy-am-bn C-¡m-cy-§Ä Xm-¦Ä A-dn-ª-Xv F-¶v
A-hÀ A-t\z-jn-¨n-cp-¶p. Cu Zn-h-k-§-fnÂ
Rm³ A-tbm-[y-bn IÀ-tk-h-IÀ _m-_-cn

_m_dn akvPnZv s]mfn¡p¶ Zriyw -

]IÀ¯nbXv {]ikvX t^mt«m{Km^À ]n apkvX^

3 HIvtSm_À 2020
11
a-kv-Pn-Zv X-IÀ-¡p-¶-Xn-\v tIm-¸v Iq-«p-¶-Xn-sâ
Hm-tcm Zr-iy-¯n-\pw km-£n-bm-bn-cp-¶p. A-Xv
X-IÀ-¡p-¶-Xn-\v \-S-¯n-b Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-bp-sS
Hm-tcm sÌ-¸pw ssSw-sse-\n A-¶v F-gp-Xn.
Ir-Xy-am-b ¹m-\n-t§m-sS-bm-Wv _m-_-cn a-kv-
Pn-Zv X-IÀ-¡-s¸-«-Xv. A-X-Ãm-sX Ip-td t]À-¡v
tXm-¶n-b sh-dpw hn-Im-c-¯n-sâ {]-Xn-^-e-\-am-
bn-cp-¶n-Ã. F-¶m Cu sX-fn-hp-I-sfm-¶p-am-
bn-cp-¶n-Ã tIm-S-Xn-¡v th@n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. kw-`-
h-Ø-e-¯v F-¯n-b FÂ.sI A-Zzm-\n c@v
a-Wn-bm-b-t¸mÄ H-cp A-\u¬-kv-saâ v \-S-¯n.
""a-kv-Pn-Zn-sâ ap-I-fn I-b-dn-b-hÀ F-Ãm-h-cpw
D-S³ Xm-sg C-d-§-Ww. t_mw-s_-bn \n-¶v
]-Ån s]m-fn-¡m³ H-cp {]-tXy-I kw-Lw F-¯n-
bn-«p@v. A-hÀ A-h-cp-sS kw-hn-[m-\-§-fp-am-bn
Xm-sg-bp@v. \n-§Ä B-sc-¦n-epw ap-I-fn-ep-
s@¦n A-Xv A-]-I-S-am-tb-¡mw.'' B sI-«n-
Sw t_mw-_v sh-¨v X-IÀ-¡m³ B-h-iy-am-b
F-Ãm k-¶m-l-hp-am-bn H-cp kw-L-s¯ {]-tXy-
Iw k-Ö-am-¡n kw-L-]-cn-hmÀ A-hn-sS F-¯n-
¨-Xn-sâ Iq-Sn ]-Ým-¯-e-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p A-Zzm-
\n-bp-sS A-dn-bn-¸v. C-{X-bpw h-en-b sI-«n-Sw
ssI-t¡m-«pw ]n-¡m-kpw C-cp-¼v Z-Wv-Upw
sIm@v X-IÀ-¡m³ I-gn-bn-sÃ-¶ k-Xyw A-hÀ-
12
¡v A-dn-bm-am-bn-cp-¶p. B sI-«n-Sw X-IÀ-¡p-
¶-Xn-sâ D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xzw ap-gp-h³ GÂ-¸n-¨n-cp-
¶-Xv N-¼-Xv dm-bv F-¶ H-cm-sf-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
C-t¸mÄ cm-a-t£-{Xw ]-Wn-bp-¶-Xn-\v th@n
F-Ãm D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-hpw GÂ-¸n-¨n-cn-¡p-¶-Xpw
C-t±-l-s¯ X-s¶-bm-Wv.
1992 Un-kw-_À B-dn-\pw H-¶-c hÀ-jw ap-
¼v X-s¶ k-¼-¯v dm-bv H-cp kw-Lw kv-t^m-
S-I hn-Z-Kv-[-sc-bpw H-cp kw-Lw F-©n-\o-bÀ-
am-sc-bpw ]-Ån-¡-I-¯v I-b-än A-Xn-sâ ap-¡pw
aq-e-bpw Ir-Xy-am-bn ]Tn-¨n-cp-¶p. G-Xm-Wv
hÄ-\-d-_vÄ kv-t]m-«v F-¶v A-hÀ a-\-Ên-em-
¡n. X-IÀ-¡m³ F-{X i-àn-tb-dn-b t_mw-_v
sh-bv-¡-W-sa-¶pw F-§-s\ A-Xv X-IÀ-¡m³
I-gn-bp-sa-¶p-sam-s¡ im-kv-{Xo-b-am-bn ]Tn-¨p-
d-¸n-¨p A-¶-hÀ. F-{X-bm-fp-IÄ H-cp-an-¨p tNÀ-
¶m G-sXm-s¡ `m-Kw F-§-s\-sbm-s¡
s]m-fn-¡mw F-¶-X-S-¡w ap-gp-h³ Im-cy-§-fpw
a-\-Ên-em-¡n-bm-W-hÀ A-tbm-[y-bn \n-¶v
Xn-cn-¨p-t]m-b-Xv. C-sXm-s¡ H-cp ]-{X-{]-hÀ-
¯-I³ F-¶ \n-e-bv-¡v F-\n-¡v a-\-Ên-em-hp-
sa-¦n C-´y-bn-se G-ä-hpw h-en-b Ip-äm-
t\z- j - W G- P ³- k n- b m- b kn._n.sF- ¡ v
C-sXm-¶pw a-\-Ên-em-¡m-\m-bn-Ã F-¶v I-cp-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
Xm³ A-km-am-\y-am-b au-Vyw X-s¶ th-Ww.
C-Xn-s\ {]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-]-c-am-bn Im-Wm-\m-Wv
F-\n-¡v XmÂ-]-cyw. _n.sP.]n \n-c-´-c-am-bn
P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-sâ s\-Spw-Xq-Wp-IÂ X-IÀ-
¡p- I - b m- b n- c p- ¶ p. Cu A- P @ A- h À- ¡ v
BÀ.F-kv.F-kn-sâ cq-]o-I-c-W Im-e-¯n-\pw
ap-¼p-X-s¶ D@m-bn-cp-¶p. B {i-aw 2019Â
A-hÀ ho@pw `-c-W-¯n h-¶-Xn-\p-ti-j-hpw
Xp-SÀ-¶p. A-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bm-Wv Pp-Uo-jy-dn
F-¶ kw-hn-[m-\-s¯ A-Xn-`o-I-c-am-bn A-Sn-
ap-Sn am-än-a-dn-¡p-I F-¶-Xv. A-Xn-sâ `m-K-am-bn
D@m-b-Xm-Wv 2019se A-tbm-[ym `q-an-X-IÀ-¡
hn-[n. A-Xv I-gn-ªv D@m-b-Xm-Wv H-tc-k-a-bw
A-Xy-´w ]-cn-lm-ky-hpw `o-Xn-P-\-I-hp-am-b
Cu hn-[n-bpw. \mw tIm-S-Xn-bn t]m-bmÂ
In-«m³ t]m-¶ "\o-Xn' C-Xm-Wv. H-cp sa-tPm-dn-
tä-dn-b-\n-k-¯n-epw ln-µp-Xz-bn-epw A-Sn-Øm-
\-s¸-Sp-¯n-b H-cp hn-[n-\ym-bw am-{X-ta km-
[m-c-W-¡m-c-\v C-\n C-´y³ Pp-Uo-jy-dn-bnÂ
\n-¶pw {]-Xo-£n-¡m³ I-gn-bq. A-Xm-Wv e-Iv-
\u-hn-se kn._n.sF tIm-S-Xn hn-[n \-s½ ]
Tn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv.
H-cp am-[y-a {]-hÀ-¯-I³ F-¶ \n-e-bnÂ
`o-Xn-P-\-I-am-b a-säm-cp A-h-Ø-bpw Nq@n-
¡m-Wn-¡m-\p@v. P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-sâ \m-emw
Xq-sW-¶v hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ am-[y-a-§Ä
P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-sâ \m-emw Xq-Wm-hp-¶-Xv
{]-Xn-]-£-¯n-sâ tdmÄ h-ln-¡p-¶ k-¦Â-]-
\-¯n-sâ Iq-Sn `m-K-am-bm-Wv.
A-[n-Im-c-¯n B-cp-am-bn-t¡m-s«, \n-c-´-
c-am-bn A-[n-Im-c-s¯ tNm-Zyw sN-¿p-I-bm-Wv
am-[y-a-§-fp-sS I-S-a-bpw D-¯-c-hm-Zn-Xz-hpw.
A-t¸m-sg \m-emw Xq-Wm-bn \nÂ-¡m-\m-hq.
F-¶m C-Xn-\v I-S-I-hn-cp-²-am-b \n-e-]m-Sm-Wv
C-¶v ]-e am-[y-a-§-fpw ssI-s¡m-Åp-¶-Xv.
_m-_-cn a-kv-Pn-Zv s]m-fn-¨-t¸mÄ C-´ym Sp-tU-
cma-t£-{X \nÀ-am-W-¯n-\v inÂ-]-§Ä H-cp-¡p-¶hÀ
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
bp-sS I-hÀ tÌm-dn A-¨-Sn-¨-Xv t\-j-WÂ
sj-bnw F-¶m-Wv. ]-t£ hÀ-j-§Ä-¡n-¸p-dw
e-Iv-\u tIm-S-Xn hn-[n h-¶-t¸mÄ C-´ym Sp-
tU-bp-sS te-J-I-·mÀ A-hn-sS-bp@m-bn-cp-¶p.
cm-a-P-·-`q-an-\ym-kn-sâ X-e-h-·m-tcm-Sv ssa-¡v
sh-¨v A-hÀ A-t§m-«p t]m-bn tNm-Zn-¨-Xv, ""Cu
hn-[n-sb `-K-hm³ {io-cm-a-sâ A-\p-{K-l-¯n-sâ
kw-`-h-Ø-e-¯v F-¯n-b
FÂ.sI A-Zzm-\n c@v a-Wn-bm-
b-t¸mÄ H-cp A-\u¬-kv-saâ v
\-S-¯n. ""a-kv-Pn-Zn-sâ ap-I-fnÂ
I-b-dn-b-hÀ F-Ãm-h-cpw D-S³
Xm-sg C-d-§-Ww. t_mw-s_-
bn \n-¶v ]-Ån s]m-fn-¡m³
H-cp {]-tXy-I kw-Lw F-¯n-bn-
«p@v. A-hÀ A-h-cp-sS kw-hn-
[m-\-§-fp-am-bn Xm-sg-bp@v.
\n-§Ä B-sc-¦n-epw ap-I-fn-
ep-s@¦n A-Xv A-]-I-S-am-
tb-¡mw.'' B sI-«n-Sw t_mw-_v
sh-¨v X-IÀ-¡m³ B-h-iy-am-b
F-Ãm k-¶m-l-hp-am-bn H-cp
kw-L-s¯ {]-tXy-Iw k-Ö-
am-¡n kw-L-]-cn-hmÀ A-hn-sS
F-¯n-¨-Xn-sâ Iq-Sn ]-Ým-¯-e-
¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p A-Zzm-\n-bp-sS
A-dn-bn-¸v.
13

sh-¦n-tS-jv cm-a-Ir-jv-W³
e-£-W-am-bn-«m-tWm \n-§Ä Im-Wp-¶-Xv''
F-¶m-Wv.
\-½p-sS `-c-W-L-S-\m Øm-]-\-§-fp-sS-sb-
Ãmw ]-X-\w ]-cn-tim-[n-¨m A-Xn-se-Ãmw
\n-§Ä-¡v H-cp A-tbm-[ym-]À-hw Im-Wm³
I-gn-bpw. I-gn-ª ap-¸-s¯-«p hÀ-j-s¯ am-[y-a
N-cn-{X-hpw Pp-Uo-jy-dn-bp-sS N-cn-{X-hpw ]-cn-
tim-[n-¨m C-Xv hy-à-am-Ipw. `-c-W-L-S-\m
Øm-]-\-§-sf Hm-tcm-t¶m-tcm-¶m-bn X-IÀ-¡p-
I-sb-¶ kw-Lv A-P@bp-sS `m-K-am-Wv a-kv-
Pn-Zv X-IÀ-¯-h-sc sh-dp-sX hn-« hn-[n-bpw. `q-an
XÀ-¡ hn-[n-bp-sS A-h-km-\ `m-K-¯m-Wv H-cp-
]-t£ {]-iv-\-§Ä Im-Wm-\m-hp-I.
`q-an XÀ-¡ hn-[n {]-kv-Xm-h-¯n-sâ hn-[n-bn-
eq-sS I-t®m-Sn-¨m c@v Im-cy-§-fm-W-hÀ
Np@n-¡m-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv. 1949 Un-kw-_-dn ]-Ån-
¡-I-¯v sIm@p-sh-¨-Xv Ip-«n-I-fm-b {io-cm-a-
sâ-bpw e-£v-a-W-sâ-bpw ko-X-bp-sS-bpw Nn-{X-
§-fm-Wv-þ cmw e-Ã, e-£v-a-W³ e-Ã, ko-Xm
e-Ã. Rm-\o Nn-{X-§Ä I@Xm-Wv. C-Xv H-fn-
¨p-I-S-¯n Øm-]n-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. C-Xv {In-an-
\Â Ip-ä-am-sW-¶v 2019 \-hw-_-dn-se hn-[n-bnÂ
hy-à-am-¡p-¶p@v. 1992 Un-kw-_-dn _m-_-cn
a-kv-Pn-Zv X-IÀ-¯-Xpw Ip-ä-am-sW-¶v B hn-[n-
bn Nq@n-¡m-Wn-¨n-«p@v. F-¶m C-sXm-s¡
]-d-ªn-«pw A-h-km-\w {In-an-\Â Ip-äw sN-bv-
X-hÀ-¡v X-s¶ `q-an-bp-sS A-h-Im-iw hn-«p-sIm-
Sp-¡p-¶ A-Ûp-X-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶ \n-e-]m-Sm-Wv B
hn-[n-bp-sS A-h-km-\ `m-K-¯v kp-{]ow-tIm-S-Xn
kzo-I-cn-¨-Xv. F-¶m e-Iv-\u tIm-S-Xn H-cp
]-cn-[n Iq-Sn I-S-¶m-Wv hn-[n {]-kv-Xm-hn-¨-Xv.
a-kv-Pn-Zv s]m-fn-¨-Xv B-cm-sW-¶v bm-sXm-cp
]n-Sn-bp-an-Ã, G-tXm km-aq-ly-hn-cp-²-À {]-tIm-
]n-X-cm-bn ]-Ån s]m-fn-¨p F-¶m-Wv tIm-S-Xn
hn-[n-bn ]-d-ª-Xv!
1992 \-hw-_À 28þmw Xo-b-Xn hn-\-bv I-XymÀ
14
F-¶ _-Pv-cw-Kv-ZÄ t\-Xm-hv F-t¶m-Sv ]-d-ª-
Xm-Wv ]-Ån s]m-fn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v _-en-Zm³ tk-\
X-¿m-dm-bn-«p@v F-¶ Im-cyw. Rm-\n-Xv hmÀ-
¯-bm-¡n Un-kw-_À 5þmw Xo-b-Xn ]p-d-¯n-d-
§n- b {^@v - s se- \ n F- g p- X n- b n- « p@v .
A-¶-s¯ A-Xn-sâ F-Un-äÀ F³.dmw F-s¶
hn-fn-¨p ]-d-ª-Xv. C-Xv F-Iv-kv-{Sow B-b H-cp
tÌm-dn-bm-sW-¶m-Wv. Un-kw-_À 5\v ]p-d-¯n-
d-§n-b {^@v-sse-\n-se B te-J-\-¯n-sâ
Xp-S-¡w How far can one believe the words of
Hindutva combine? F-¶m-bn-cp-¶p.
\n-§Ä-s¡-{X-am-{Xw ln-µp-Xz-bp-sS hm-¡p-
I-sf hn-iz-kn-¡m-\m-hpw? A-tX-k-a-bw kp-
{]ow-tIm-S-Xn-bn-epw tZ-io-tbm-Zv-{K-Y-\ k-an-Xn-
bn-epw A-¶-s¯ bp.]n ap-Jy-a-{´n I-eym¬-
knw-Kv \Â-In-b k-Xy-hm-Mv-aq-ew ]-Ån-¡v H-cp
t]m-dÂ-t]m-epw GÂ-¸n-¡m-sX `-P-\-bpw IoÀ-
¯-\-§-fpw B-e-]n-¡p-sa-¶m-Wv. F-¶mÂ
F-sâ te-J-\-¯n hn-\-bv I-XymÀ ]-d-ª
Im-cyw Nq@n-¡m-«n _m-_-cn a-kv-Pn-Zn-sâ X-IÀ-
¨ {]-h-Nn-¨-t¸mÄ A-Xv hn-iz-kn-¡m-\m-hm-
sX-bm-Wv C-Xv F-Iv-kv-{Sn-an-k-am-Wv F-¶v
F³.dm-an-\v ]-d-tb@n-h-¶-Xv. hn-\-bv I-XymÀ
]-d-ª-Xn-\p ]p-d-sa an-en-«-dn C³-den-P³-knÂ
\n-¶v F-\n-¡v tNmÀ-¶p-In-«n-b hn-h-c-hpw tNÀ-
¯m-Wv _m-_v-cn a-kv-Pn-Zv X-IÀ-¡-s¸-Sp-sa-¶v
D-d-¸n-¨v A-¶v B te-J-\w F-gp-Xn-b-Xv. ]-Ån
X-IÀ-¡-p¶-Xn-\v H-cp hÀ-jw ap-¼v an-en-«-dn Câ-
en-P³-kv Hm-^o-kÀ c@p-t]-sc IÀ-tk-h-I-cp-
sS Iq-«-¯n hn-h-c-§Ä tNmÀ-¯m³ \n-tbm-
Kn-¨n-cp-¶p. A-hÀ c@p-t]-cpw IÀ-tk-h-I-cnÂ
\p-g-ªp-I-b-dn A-h-cp-sS hn-izm-kw ]n-Sn-¨p-]-
än. A-hÀ Un-kw-_À 5\pw B-dn-\pw G-gn-\pw
Hm-tcm A-c a-Wn-¡q-dn-epw X-§-sf \n-tbm-Kn-¨
D-tZym-K-ØÀ-¡v hn-h-c-§Ä ssI-am-dn-bn-cp-¶p.
C-¡m-cyw F-\n-¡v am-{X-a-Ã, A-¶-s¯ {]-[m-\-
a-{´n \-c-knw-l-dm-hp-hn-sâ Hm-^o-kn-\pw A-dn-
bm-am-bn-cp-¶p.
F-Un-äÀ, dmw hn-izm-kw h-cm-sX F-sâ
tÌm-dn \m-e-©v Zn-h-kw Xo-cp-am-\-sa-Sp-¡m-sX
am-än-sh-¨n-cp-¶p. am-{X-a-Ã A-t±-lw F-t¶m-Sv
hn\bv I-XymÀ
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
]-d-ª-Xv \n-§-fp-sS \yq-kv tÌm-dn Cu Zn-h-
k-§Ä-¡n-S-bn am-äm³ tXm-¶p-¶p-s@¦nÂ
\n-§Ä-¡v am-ämw F-¶m-bn-cp-¶p. F-¶mÂ
Rm³ A-t±-l-t¯m-Sv ]-d-ªp. \n-§Ä Cu
Øm-]-\-¯n-sâ ap-X-em-fn-bm-Wv, Rm³ sh-dpw
sXm-gn-em-fn-bm-b dn-t¸mÀ-«À. Xm-¦Ä-¡v C-jv-S-
ap-Å-Xv sN-¿mw. ]-t£ B tÌm-dn-bn \n-¶v
G-sX-¦n-epw `m-Kw A-SÀ-¯n am-än-bn-«v A-Xv
sIm-Sp-¡p-I-bm-sW-¦n F-sâ ss_-sse³
A-Xn sIm-Sp-¡-cp-sX-¶v. A-Xpw ]-d-ªm-Wv
Rm³ A-tbm-[y-bn-te-¡v bm-{X Xn-cn-¨-Xv.
]-t£ dmw A-Xn-\v X-¿m-dm-bn-Ã. Rm³ sIm-
Sp-¯ A-tX co-Xn-bn am-ä-sam-¶pw h-cp-¯m-
sX X-s¶ A-Xv {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¨p. I-hÀ tÌm-
dn-bn X-s¶.
"\m-j-WÂ sj-bnw' F-s¶-gp-Xn-b C-´ym
Sp-tU-bp-sS a-e-¡w a-dn-¨n am-[y-a {]-hÀ-¯-
\-¯n-sâ hn-izm-ky-X-sb-t¸m-epw X-IÀ-¯p-I-
f-bp-¶-Xm-bm-Wv F-\n-¡v tXm-¶n-b-Xv. A-h-cp-
sS te-J-I-·mÀ-¡-S-¡w H-t«-sd am-[y-a-{]-
hÀ-¯-IÀ-¡v Un-kw-_À 6\v A-tbm-[y-bnÂ
\n-¶v {Iq-c-am-b aÀ-±-\-§-fm-Wv G-ä-Xv. a-e-bm-
fn am-[y-a-{]-hÀ-¯-I-cm-b tPm¬ {_n-«m-kv,
C.F-kv kp-`m-jv, t^m-t«m-{Km-^À ap-kv-X-^
Xp-S-§n-b-h-sc-Ãmw F-t¶m-sSm-¸w D@m-bn-cp-
¶p. F-sâ C-S-s]-S-epw _-Ô-hpw Im-c-Ww
A-h-sc aÀ-Z-\-¯n \n-¶v c-£-s¸-Sp-¯m-\m-
bn. I-®n I@ ]-{X-¡m-sc ap-gp-h³ kw-L-
]-cn-hm-dp-ImÀ B-{I-an-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Km-Ôn-b³
ssÌÂ I-®-S-bm-bn-cp-¶p A-s¶-\n-¡p@m-
bn-cp-¶-Xv. F-s¶ Xn-cn-¨-dn-bm³ A-Xv [m-cm-f-
am-sW-¶pw A-Xp-sIm@v th-Kw I-®-S am-äm-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
cm-tI-jv kn³-l-bpw Rm-\pw B
N-cn-{X kv-am-c-I-¯n-sâ Xm-gn-I-¡p-
Sw X-IÀ-¶p ho-gp-¶-Xn-\v Zr-Iv-km-
£n-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p. am-\-k-`-h-sâ
G-ä-hpw ap-I-fn-e-s¯ \n-e-bn-em-bn-
cp-¶p R-§Ä DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶ Ip-d-¨v
]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ. B-Zy-s¯ Xm-
gn-I-¡p-Sw X-IÀ-¶p-ho-W-Xv D-¨-bv-
¡v ti-jw Ir-Xyw 2.55\m-Wv. B
B{I-a {]-hr-¯n I@n-«v cm-tI-jv
kn³-l G-sd ssh-Im-cn-I-am-bm-Wv
{]-Xn-I-cn-¨-Xv. F-\n-¡v t\-sc \o-«n-b
H-cp sN-dn-b I-S-em-kn cm-tI-jv
C-§-s\ F-gp-Xn: ""Rm-s\m-cp C-´y-
¡m-c-\m-Wv. ]-t£ C-Xv X-IÀ-s¯-
dn-bp-¶ hr-¯n-sI-« {Iq-c-X Rm-
\w-Ko-I-cn-¡n-Ã. H-cp ln-µp F-¶
\n-e-bn \n-jvTq-c-am-b Cu sN-bv-Xn
I@v Po-hn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã.'' B \n-jvTq-
c-am-b sN-bv-Xn sd-t¡m-Uv sN-bv-X
Iym-a-dm-am-·m-sc-bpw ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-
I-sc-bpw im-co-cn-I-am-bn B-{I-an-
¡p-¶-Xn-\v H-cp a-Sn-bpw kw-L-]-
cn-hm-dp-ImÀ Im-«n-bn-Ã; Im-c-Ww
A-¶v ]-IÀ-¯-s¸-«-Xv F-¡m-e-hpw
Po-hn-¡p-¶ sX-fn-hp-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p.
15
\pw F-sâ ss{U-hÀ _n-Ãp F-¶ cm-Pv-hoÀ
knw-Kv B-h-iy-s¸-«p. A-bm-fm-Wv 1989 ap-XÂ
D-¯À-{]-tZ-in-epw UÂ-ln-bn-ep-sa-Ãmw F-\n-
s¡m-¸w ss{U-h-dm-bn bm-{X sN-¿m-dv. Un-kw-
_À 6\v aq-¶-c-¡m-Wv R-§Ä A-hn-sS \n-¶v
c-£-s¸-«-Xv. X-e-bn Im-hn Np-än-s¡-«n P-bv-
{io-dmw hn-fn-¨m-Wv G-sXm-s¡-tbm hn-[-¯nÂ
tlm-«-en F-¯n-b-Xv. ]n-tä Zn-h-kw cm-hn-se
]-Xn-s\m-¶v a-Wn-¡v an-en-«-dn D-tZym-K-Ø-\m-b
P-bv-]m k-´m-\w Rm³ Xm-a-kn-¡p-¶ tlm-
«-en-se-¯n. C-´y³ F-Iv-kv-{]-kn-se cm-tI-jv
kn³-l-bpw Rm-\p-am-Wv A-tbm-[ym kw-`-hw
kw-_-Ôn-¨v A-¶v kw-L-]-cn-hm-dn-s\-Xn-sc
\n-c-´-cw F-gp-Xn-s¡m@n-cp-¶-Xv. am-{X-a-Ã; cm-
tI-jv kn³-l-bpw Rm-\pw B N-cn-{X kv-am-c-
I-¯n-sâ Xm-gn-I-¡p-Sw X-IÀ-¶p ho-gp-¶-Xn-\v
Zr-Iv-km-£n-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p. am-\-k-`-h-sâ G-ä-hpw
ap-I-fn-e-s¯ \n-e-bn-em-bn-cp-¶p R-§Ä DÄ-
s¸-Sp-¶ Ip-d-¨v ]-{X-{]-hÀ-¯-IÀ. B-Zy-s¯
Xm-gn-I-¡p-Sw X-IÀ-¶p-ho-W-Xv D-¨-bv-¡v ti-jw
Ir-Xyw 2.55\m-Wv. B B{I-a {]-hr-¯n I@n-
«v cm-tI-jv kn³-l G-sd ssh-Im-cn-I-am-bm-Wv
{]-Xn-I-cn-¨-Xv. F-\n-¡v t\-sc \o-«n-b H-cp sN-
dn-b I-S-em-kn cm-tI-jv C-§-s\ F-gp-Xn:
""Rm-s\m-cp C-´y-¡m-c-\m-Wv. ]-t£ C-Xv
X-IÀ-s¯-dn-bp-¶ hr-¯n-sI-« {Iq-c-X Rm-\w-
Ko-I-cn-¡n-Ã. H-cp ln-µp F-¶ \n-e-bn \n-jvTq-
c-am-b Cu sN-bv-Xn I@v Po-hn-¡m-\m-hn-Ã.''
16
1992 \-hw-_À 28þmw Xo-b-Xn hn-
\-bv I-XymÀ F-¶ _-Pv-cw-Kv-ZÄ
t\-Xm-hv F-t¶m-Sv ]-d-ª-Xm-Wv
]-Ån s]m-fn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v _-en-
Zm³ tk-\ X-¿m-dm-bn-«p@v
F-¶ Im-cyw. Rm-\n-Xv hmÀ-¯-
bm-¡n Un-kw-_À 5þmw Xo-b-Xn
]p-d-¯n-d-§n-b {^@v-sse-\nÂ
F-gp-Xn-bn-«p@v. A-¶-s¯ A-Xn-
sâ F-Un-äÀ F³.dmw F-s¶ hn-
fn-¨p ]-d-ª-Xv. C-Xv F-Iv-kv-{Sow
B-b H-cp tÌm-dn-bm-sW-¶m-Wv.
Un-kw-_À 5\v ]p-d-¯n-d-§n-b
{^@v-sse-\n-se B te-J-\-
¯n-sâ Xp-S-¡w How far can one
believe the words of Hindutva com-
bine? F-¶m-bn-cp-¶p.
\n-§Ä-s¡-{X-am-{Xw ln-µp-Xz-bp-
sS hm-¡p-I-sf hn-iz-kn-¡m-\m-
hpw?
B \n-jvTq-c-am-b sN-bv-Xn sd-t¡m-Uv
sN-bv-X Iym-a-dm-am-·m-sc-bpw ]-{X-{]-hÀ-
¯-I-sc-bpw im-co-cn-I-am-bn B-{I-an-¡p-
¶-Xn-\v H-cp a-Sn-bpw kw-L-]-cn-hm-dp-ImÀ
Im-«n-bn-Ã; Im-c-Ww A-¶v ]-IÀ-¯-s¸-
«-Xv F-¡m-e-hpw Po-hn-¡p-¶ sX-fn-hp-I-
fm-bn-cp-¶p. 3.15Hm-sS-bm-Wv c@m-a-s¯
Xm-gn-I-¡p-Sw X-IÀ-¯v Xm-sg-bn-«-Xv.
4.50\v A-h-km-\-t¯-Xpw X-IÀ-¯p.
G-Xm@v \q-tdm-fw ap-kv-enw ho-Sp-I-fpw
A-tbm-[y-bn IÀ-tk-h-IÀ C-Xn-t\m-
sSm-¸w X-IÀ-¯p.
kw-L-]-cn-hm-dn-sâ I-®n sIm-Spw
t{Zm-ln-I-fm-b c@p t]-cp-sS-bpw Po-h³
A-]-I-S-¯n-em-sW-¶pw c@v Kp@m
kw-L-§-sf R-§-fp-sS Im-ep-IÄ A-Sn-
¨p X-IÀ-¡m³ \n-tbm-Kn-¨n-«p-s@¶
c-l-ky hn-h-cw Kp@m-kw-L-§Ä h-gn
k-´m-\-¯n-\v e-`n-¨n-cp-¶p. A-t±-lw
F-s¶ I-tâm¬-saân-te-¡v am-äp-I-bm-
sW-¶v A-dn-bn-¨p. cm-tI-jv kn³-l
A-t¸m-tg-¡pw A-tbm-[y-bn \n-¶pw
e-Iv-\u h-gn UÂ-ln-¡v a-S-§n-bn-cp-¶p.
hn-\-bv I-Xym-dpw cm-a-N-{µ ]-c-a-lw-kpw
\r-Xy-tKm-]m Zm-kpw DÄ-s¸-« B-kq-
{X-I c-l-ky-kw-L-am-Wv R-§-fp-sS
Im-ep-IÄ, ]n-¶o-Sv F-gp-t¶-äv \-S-¡m³
]-äm-¯-hn-[w A-Sn-¨p X-IÀ-¡m³ \nÀ-
tZ-iw \Â-In-b-Xv. B hn-h-c-am-Wv IÀ-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020

tk-h-I-cp-sS Iq-«-¯n I-b-dn c-l-ky-§Ä
tNmÀ-¯m³ \n-tbm-Kn-¡-s¸-« ]-«m-f-¡mÀ h-gn
In-«n-b-Xv. I-tâm¬-saân B an-en-«-dn D-tZym-
K-Ø-sâ kp-c-£-bn Rm³ aq-¶p Zn-h-kw
I-gn-ª-Xn-\p ti-j-am-Wv kw-L-]-cn-hm-dp-Im-
cp-sS I-¿nÂ-s¸-Sm-sX kp-c-£m D-tZym-K-Ø-
cp- s S k- l m- b - ¯ m e- I v - \ u- h n- t e- ¡ v
t]m-b-Xv.
Un-kw-_À B-dn-\v X-s¶ hn-\-bv I-Xym-sc-
bpw kw-L-s¯-bpw A-d-Ìv sN-bv-Xn-cp-¶p.
H-¶-c am-k-¯n-\p-ti-jw FÂ.sI A-Zzm-\n-bpw
hn-\-bv I-Xym-cpw B-{K-bn \n-¶v Xn-cn-¨p-h-
cp-t¼mÄ F-s¶ hn-\-bv I-XymÀ \yq-UÂ-ln
sd-bnÂ-th tÌ-j-\n sh-¨p I@p. A-hn-sS
A-hÀ-¡v h-en-b kzo-I-c-W-ap@m-bn-cp-¶p.
I@]m-sS A-Sp-¯p-h-¶v sI-«n-¸n-Sn-¨p. A-bmÄ
A-§-s\-bm-Wv; h-en-b A-Sp-¸-sa-¶ a-«n-em-Wv
s]-cp-am-dp-I. ]-t£ B B-tÇ-j-¯n-\n-sS
F-sâ sN-hn-bn hn-\-bv I-XymÀ A-¶v a-{´n-
¨-Xv Rm-\n-¶pw HmÀ-¡p-¶p; ""c-£-s¸-«p A-tÃ-
Sm''
\-½p-sS P-\m-[n-]-Xy-¯n-sâ s\-Spw-Xq-Wp-
IÄ F-¶v C-¶v \mw hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶ F-Ãm
Øm-]-\-§-fpw H-s¶m-¶m-bn X-I-cp-I-bm-sW-
¶-Xn-sâ Zr-jv-Sm-´-am-bm-Wv \mw kn._n.sF
tIm-S-Xn-bp-sS hn-[n-sb hn-e-bn-cp-t¯@Xv.
P-Ìn-kv sN-e-ta-iz-dpw X-cp¬ tKm-tKm-bpw
Ip-cy³ tPm-k-^pw, a-Z³ tem-¡q-dp-a-S-¡w \m-
cPv hoÀ knwKv
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
A-[n-Im-c-¯n B-cp-am-bn-
t¡m-s«, \n-c-´-c-am-bn A-[n-Im-
c-s¯ tNm-Zyw sN-¿p-I-bm-Wv
am-[y-a-§-fp-sS I-S-a-bpw D-¯-c-hm-
Zn-Xz-hpw. A-t¸m-sg \m-emw Xq-
Wm-bn \nÂ-¡m-\m-hq. F-¶mÂ
C-Xn-\v I-S-I-hn-cp-²-am-b \n-e-
]m-Sm-Wv C-¶v ]-e am-[y-a-§-fpw
ssI-s¡m-Åp-¶-Xv. _m-_-cn
a-kv-Pn-Zv s]m-fn-¨-t¸mÄ C-´ym
Sp-tU-bp-sS I-hÀ tÌm-dn A-¨-Sn-
¨-Xv t\-j-WÂ sj-bnw F-¶m-Wv.
]-t£ hÀ-j-§Ä-¡n-¸p-dw e-Iv-\u
tIm-S-Xn hn-[n h-¶-t¸mÄ C-´ym
Sp-tU-bp-sS te-J-I-·mÀ A-hn-sS-
bp@m-bn-cp-¶p. cm-a-P-·-`q-an-\ym-
kn-sâ X-e-h-·m-tcm-Sv ssa-¡v sh-¨v
A-hÀ A-t§m-«p t]m-bn tNm-Zn-¨-
Xv, ""Cu hn-[n-sb `-K-hm³ {io-cm-a-
sâ A-\p-{K-l-¯n-sâ e-£-W-am-
bn-«m-tWm \n-§Ä Im-Wp-¶-Xv ''
F-¶m-Wv.
ev kp-{]ow tIm-S-Xn P-Uv-Pn-amÀ Pp-Uo-jy-dn-bn-
se `-c-W-Iq-S C-S-s]-S-ep-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨v ]-c-ky-
am-bn ]-{X-k-t½-f-\w hn-fn-¨p tNÀ-¯ kw-`-hw
\mw C-Xn-t\m-sSm-¸w tNÀ-¯p-hm-bn-¡-Ww. B
]-{X-k-t½-f-\-¯n-sâ `m-K-am-bn-cp-¶ tKm-tKm-
bn-sb-b-S-¡w A-t±-lw F-´m-tWm ]-d-ªn-cp-
¶-Xv A-Xn-s\-Xn-cm-bn {]-hÀ-¯n-¡p-¶ A-h-
Ø- b n- s e- ¯ n- ¡ m³ kw- L - ] - c n- h m- d n- \ v
I-gn-ª-Xpw \m-tamÀ-¡-Ww. ssew-Kn-Im-]-hm-Z
Im-cyw Nq@n-¡m-Wn-¨m-Wv A-t±-l-s¯ kw-
L-]-cn-hmÀ h-cp-Xn-bn-em-¡n-b-Xv. C-§-s\ kw-
L-]-cn-hmÀ A-h-cp-sS A-P@ \-S-¸m-¡m³
km-a-þ-Zm-\-þ-t`-Z-þ-Z-Wv-U-ta-Xpw D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³
a-Sn-bn-Ãm-¯-h-cm-Wv. ]-{X-§-tfm-Sv kzo-I-cn-¡p-
¶-Xpw C-tX \n-e-]m-Sm-Wv.
`-c-W-L-S-\ D@m-b-t¸mÄ X-s¶ BÀ.F-
kv.F-kn-sâ kÀ kw-L-Nm-e-Iv B-bn-cp-¶
Kp-cp-Pn tKmÄ-hmÄ-¡À ]-d-ª-Xv ""\-ap-¡v th
@Xv ]p-Xp-Xm-bn D@m-¡n-b `-c-W-L-S-\-b-Ã;
C-Xv ]m-Ým-Xy-cp-sS B-i-b-§Ä kz-cq-]n-¨p
\nÀ-an-¨ `-c-W-L-S-\-bm-Wv. `m-c-X-¯n-\v B-h-
iyw a-\p-kv-ar-Xn-bn A-[n-jvTn-X-am-b `-c-W-
L-S-\-bm-Wv'' F-¶m-Wv.
tKmÄ-hmÄ-¡À ]-d-ª `-c-W-L-S-\ C-´y-
bn \n-e-hn h-¶n-«n-sÃ-¦n t]m-epw A-Xn-
\-hÀ km-l-N-cy-sam-cp-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. A-Xp-
sIm@v sX-fn-hp-IÄ-s¡m-¶pw \-½p-sS \m-«nÂ
bm-sXm-cp {]-k-àn-bp-an-Ã. Im-c-Ww Cu hn-[n
t\-c-s¯ X-s¶ F-gp-Xn-sh-¨-Xm-Wv.
17
Atbm-[y-bp-sS
hÀKo-b N-cn{Xw
18 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
 BÀ.F-kv iÀ-a
hn-h: _o-P hn.kn

C -¶-s¯ km-l-N-cy-¯n ]p-\-cp-

°m-\m-i-b-§-sf Nn-e hÀ-Ko-b-Nn-
´m- K - X n- ¡ m- c m- b F- g p- ¯ p- I mÀ
{]-tbm-P-\-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bpw A-h-ew-
_n-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-X-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. ]-g-b-Im-
e-¯p-\-S-¶ \-Ã-Xpw a-l-¯-c-hp-am-b-sX-Ãmw
C-´y-bn-em-Wv B-hnÀ-`-hn-¨-sX-¶pw C-hn-sS
\n-¶v tem-I-¯n-sâ a-äp `m-K-§-fn-te-¡-Xv hym-
]n-¨p-sh-¶pw A-hÀ A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶p. i-à-
am-b sX-fn-hp-I-fp-sS A-Sn-Øm-\-¯n am-{Xw
\n-e-]m-sS-Sp-¡p-¶ N-cn-{X-Im-c-·mÀ-¡v A-¯-cw
Im-gv-N-¸m-Sp-IÄ Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡m³ I-gn-bn-Ã. hn-
hn-[-X-cw tem-l-§-tf-tbm \m-W-b-§-tf-tbm
F-gp-¯p-I-tf-tbm a-äv kmw-kv-Imcn-I Nn-Ó-§-
tf-tbm D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n sX-fn-hp-IÄ {i-²m-
]qÀ-Æw ]-cn-tim-[n-t¡-@-Xp-@v. ln-µp-ap-kv-enw
hÀ-Ko-b B-i-b-§-tfm-Sv hn-t[-b-Xzw Im-Wn-

BZc-Wo-b\m-b hnJymX N-cn-{X-Im-c³ BÀ.F-kv iÀ-a-bpsS

hÀKo-b-N-cn-{X-hpw cm-a-sâ A-tbm-[ybpw(Communal History and Rama’s
Ayodhya)F-¶ B[n-Imcn-I {K-Ù-¯n-se {]-k-à `m-K-am-Wn-hn-sS
{]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶Xv.

3 HIvtSm_À 2020
19
BÀ.F-kv iÀ-a
¡p-¶ N-cn-{X-Im-c-·mÀ sN-¿p-¶-Xp-t]m-se-
¯-s¶ A-Xn-cp-I-S-¶ ]p-\-cp-Öo-h-\-Im-gv-N-
¸m- S p- I Ä C- ¯ - c w N- c n- { X- I m- c - · m- c pw
ap-t¶m-«p-h-bv-¡p-¶-Xm-bn Im-Wmw.
C-´y-bn-se hÀ-Ko-b {]-iv-\w A-Sn-Øm-\-]-
c-am-bn ln-µp-¡-fpw ap-kv-enw-I-fpw X-½n-ep-Å
_-Ô-¯n-sâ {]-iv-\-am-bn-«m-Wv A-h-tem-I-\w
sN-¿-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ Im-«n-Iq-«n-b
hn-[zw-k-I-{]-hÀ-¯-\-§-fpw A-Sn-¨-aÀ-¯-ep-I-
fpw NÀ-¨-sN-¿m-sX-hn-«v `-cn-¨-h-cp-sS-bpw `-cn-¡-
s¸-«-h-cp-sS-bpw a-X-kz-Xzw {]-Jym-]n-¨p-sIm-@v
Cu {]-iv-\w ]-cn-l-cn-¡m³ I-gn-bn-Ã. a-X-ta-Xm-
20
bm-epw kz-´w {]-P-I-sf-bpw i-{Xp-¡-sf-bpw
H-cp-t]m-se sIm-Å-b-Sn-¡p-I-bpw A-Sn-¨-aÀ-¯p-
I-bpw sIm-Å-ap-XÂ an-¡-hm-dpw `-c-W-hÀ-¤-
¯n-se D-bÀ-¶ hn-`m-K-§-fn-se Aw-K-§Ä-¡n-
S-bn hn-X-c-Ww sN-¿p-I-bpw sN-¿p-I F-¶-Xv
N-cn-{X-¯n F-¡m-e-¯pw `-c-W-hÀ-K-§-fp-sS
k-hn-ti-jm-[n-Im-c (privilege) ¯nÂ-s¸-«-Xm-Wv.
C-kvem-an-I {]-am-Wn-am-cpw {]-`p-¡-·m-cpw ln-
µp-t£-{X-§Ä sIm-Å-b-Sn-¨n-«p-s@-¦n N-cn-
{X-Im-c-·mÀ-¡v ap-I-fn ]-d-ª h-kv-Xp-X-IÄ
A-h-K-Wn-¨p-sIm-@-Ãm-sX A-¯-cw hm-Z-§Ä-
¡v A-hÀ D-t±-in-¨ aq-eyw (goodwill) D-@m-¡m³
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
I-gn-bn-Ã. K-kv-\n-bn-se a-Òq-Zv sIm-Å-b-Sn-¨
kw-`-h-¯n-sâ Im-cy-¯n ap-l-½-Zv l-_o-_v
X-sâ "kpÂ-¯m³ a-Òq-Zv Hm-^v K-kv-\n³' C-´y-bn-se hÀ-Ko-b {]-iv-\w A-Sn-
(Sultan Mahmud of Ghansin) F-¶ ]p-kv-X-I-¯n Øm-\-]-c-am-bn ln-µp-¡-fpw ap-kv-
sN-bv-X-Xp-t]m-se, A-¯-cw sIm-Å-bp-sS Im- enw-I-fpw X-½n-ep-Å _-Ô-¯n-sâ
c-W-§Ä hn-i-I-e-\w sN-¿p-I-bpw hn-i-Zo-I-cn- {]-iv-\-am-bn-«m-Wv A-h-tem-I-\w
¡p-I-bpw th-Ww. F-Ãm t£-{X-§-fpw tkm-a- sN-¿-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-
\m-Yn-se-tbm Xn-cp-¸-Xn-bn-se-tbm t]m-se IÄ Im-«n-Iq-«n-b hn-[zw-k-I-{]-hÀ-
k-¼-¶-a-sÃ-¦n-epw s]m-Xp-sh A-h apkvenw
]-Ån-I-tf-¡mÄ k-¼-¶-am-sW-¶v G-sXm-cp ¯-\-§-fpw A-Sn-¨-aÀ-¯-ep-I-fpw
km-[m-c-W-¡m-c-\v t]m-epw a-\-Ên-em-¡m³ NÀ-¨-sN-¿m-sX-hn-«v `-cn-¨-h-cp-sS-
I-gn-bpw. ]-Xn-s\m-¶mw \q-äm-@n-sâ Xp-S-¡- bpw `-cn-¡-s¸-«-h-cp-sS-bpw a-X-
¯n tkm-a-\m-Y-t£-{X-¯n A-ªq-dv tZ- kz-Xzw {]-Jym-]n-¨p-sIm-@v Cu
h-Zm-kn-I-fpw ap-¶q-tdm-fw ap-Sn-sh-«p-Im-cpw \n-c- {]-iv-\w ]-cn-l-cn-¡m³ I-gn-bn-Ã.
h- [ n ]p- t cm- l n- X - · m- c pw D- @ m- b n- c p- ¶ p. a-X-ta-Xm-bm-epw kz-´w {]-P-I-sf-
A-Xn-\p-Io-gn ]-Xn-\m-bn-c-t¯m-fw {Km-a-§- bpw i-{Xp-¡-sf-bpw H-cp-t]m-se
fp-ap-@m-bn-cp-¶p. ]-Ån-bp-sS hm-kv-Xp-hn-Zy-{]- sIm-Å-b-Sn-¡p-I-bpw A-Sn-¨-aÀ-
Im-cw kz-¯v kw-`-cn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v A-Xn-\p-ÅnÂ
C-S-ta-bn-Ã. A-Xn-\v {]mÀ-°n-¡m³ am-{Xw ¯p-I-bpw sIm-Å-ap-XÂ an-¡-
]m-I-¯n-ep-Å H-cp Xp-d-¶-L-S-\-bm-Wp-Å-Xv. hm-dpw `-c-W-hÀ-¤-¯n-se D-bÀ-¶
t£-{X-§-fn k-¼-¯v Ip-an-ªp-Iq-Sn-b-Xn- hn-`m-K-§-fn-se Aw-K-§Ä-¡n-
\m-em-Wv Nn-e ln-µp `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ hn-e- S-bn hn-X-c-Ww sN-¿p-I-bpw
tb-dn-b tem-l-§-fm \nÀ-an-¨ hn-{K-l-§Ä sN-¿p-I F-¶-Xv N-cn-{X-¯nÂ
\-in-¸n-¡m-\pw J-P-\m-hv \n-d-bv-¡m-\p-Å kz- F-¡m-e-¯pw `-c-W-hÀ-K-§-fp-sS
¯v ]n-Sn-s¨-Sp-¡m-\p-am-bn {]-tXy-Iw D-tZym-K- k-hn-ti-jm-[n-Im-c (privilege) ¯nÂ-
Ø-sc \n-b-an-¨-Xv. ]-Xn-s\m-¶mw \q-äm-@n-sâ
A-h-km-\-¯n I-iv-aoÀ `-cn-¨ lÀ-j-sâ
s¸-«-Xm-Wv.
(Harsha) Im-cy-hpw k-am-\-am-bn-cp-¶p. hn-{K-l-
§Ä ]n-gp-sX-Sp-¡p-¶-Xn-\m-bn H-cp D-tZym-K-
Ø-s\-X-s¶ \n-b-an-¨p (Devotpatana). A-¯- \y-hp-am-bn-h-¶v kv-Xq-]-§Ä \-in-¸n-¨pw _p-²-
cw D-tZym-K-Ø-cp-sS \n-b-a-\-hpw A-Ô-hn- hn-lm-c-§Ä-¡v Xo-bn-«pw _p-²-k-\ym-kn-am-sc
izm-k-§-fpw D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯n hn-iz-k-\o- sIm-s¶m-Sp-¡n-bpw j-I-e(Shakala) A-sÃ-¦nÂ
b-cm-b B-fp-I-fn \n-¶v ]-Ww kz-cq-]n-¡p- B-[p-\n-I kn-bmÂ-tIm-«v (Sialkot) h-sc ]-S-tbm-
¶-Xn-\v Iu-Sn-ey-sâ "AÀ-°-im-kv-{X'¯n «w \-S-¯n. _p-²-k-\ym-kn-am-cp-sS X-e-sb-Sp-¯v
ip-]mÀ-i sN-bv-Xn-«p-Å \-S-]-Sn-I-fpw ln-µp-`-c- Im-gv-N-h-bv-¡p-¶-bmÄ-¡v \q-dp kzÀ-®-\m-
Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ F-¡m-e-¯pw A-h-cp-sS {]-P-I-
tfm-Sv XoÀ-¯pw k-ln-jv-Wp-X ]p-eÀ-¯n-bn-cp-
¶p-sh-¶ B-i-b-s¯ d-±p-sN-¿p-¶p. G-I-tZ-iw
400 _n.kn. bn F-gp-X-s¸-« ]m-Wn-\n-bp-sS
{]-kn-²-am-b hym-I-c-W-{K-Ù-am-b A-ãm-[ym-
b-bp-sS(Ashtadhyay) hym-Jym-\-am-bn 150 _n.
kn. bn F-gp-X-s¸-« ]-X-Rv-P-en-bp-sS a-lm-
`m-jy(Mahabhashya) bn-se ]-cm-aÀ-i-{]-Im-cw
au-cy-·mÀ A-h-cp-sS J-P-\m-hp-IÄ \n-d-bv-¡m³
tem-l-hn-{K-l-§Ä D-cp-¡n-bn-«p-s@-¶v ]-d-
bm³ I-gn-bpw. ]-W-ap-@m-¡m-\p-Å ]-c-th-i-
¯n ]-hn-{X-am-b ssZ-h-hn-{K-l-§-sf-t¸m-epw
A-hÀ sh-dp-sX hn-«n-Ã.
XoÀ-¨-bm-bpw, A-tim-I³ sN-bv-X [m-cm-fw
Im-cy-§Ä A-\p-I-c-Wo-b-hpw A-`n-\-µ-\mÀ-l-
hp-am-Wv. A-t±-l-¯n-sâ \-b-§Ä ]-t£
{_m-Ò-W-cp-sS Ip-fw-tXm-@n. c-@mw \q-äm-@n-
sâ A-h-km-\-t¯m-sS au-cy-`-c-W-¯n-\v
]qÀ-W-hn-cm-a-an-«p-sIm-@v H-cp {_m-Ò-W-cm-P-
hw-iw Øm-]n-¨ ]p-jy-an-{X ipw-K³ (Pushya
mitra Shunga), 2 -3 F. Un. bn F-gp-X-s¸-« Zn-
hy-h-Z-\(Divyavadana) F-¶ {K-Ù-¯n _p-²-
a-X-s¯ th-«-bm-Sn-b `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bm-Wv
{]-Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. A-t±-lw \m-ep-a-S-§v ssk-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
21
W-b-§Ä {]-Xn-^-ew \Â-Ip-sa-¶v kn-bmÂ-
tIm-«n A-t±-lw {]-Jym-]n-¨p. _p-²-kv-Xq-]-
§Ä ipw-K-`-c-W-Im-e-¯pw \nÀ-an-¡-s¸-«n-«p-@v
F-¶ Im-c-Ww-sIm-@v C-Xn Ip-d-s¨m-s¡
A-Xn-i-tbm-àn D-@m-Imw. ]-t£ ]p-jy-an-{X
ipw-K-bpw _p-²-k-w\ym-kn-am-cpw X-½n-ep-Å
i-{Xp-X \n-tj-[n-¡m-\m-hn-Ã. ]-Sn-ªm-d³
_w-Km-fn-se Ku-U-bp-sS ssi-h-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-
bm-b i-im-¦³ (Shashanka), _p-²-\v t_m-t[m-
Z-bw e-`n-¨p-sh-¶v ]-d-b-s¸-Sp-¶ t_m-[n-hr-£w
ap-dn-¨p-am-än. G-gmw \q-äm-@n A-t±-l-¯n-sâ
k-a-Im-en-I-\m-b lÀ-j-s\ (Harsha) k-ln-jv-
Wp-X ]p-eÀ-¯n-b `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-bn I-W-
¡m-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. ]-t£ A-t±-lw t]m-epw
I-¶u-Pn-se A-kw-_v-fn-bn _p-²-sâ _-lp-
am-\mÀ-°w D-bÀ-¯n-b tKm-]p-cw I-¯n-¨-Xn-sâ
Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-¡p-äw Np-a-¯n {_m-Ò-W-sc
P-bn-en-e-S-¡p-I-bpw h-[n-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-
¶p. Z-£n-tW-´y-bn-se B-Zy-Im-e-þ-a-[y-Im-e-
L-«-¯n (Early Medieval Period) ssP-\-cpw ssi-
h-cpw X-½n-ep-Å Xp-d-¶ bp-²-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨v
\mw tI-«n-«p-@v. ]p-cm-hr-¯-{]-Im-cw, F-«m-bn-c-
t¯m-fw ssP-\-·m-sc iq-e-¯n-te-än sIm-¶n-«p-
@v. t£-{X-I-e-I-fn C-¯-cw sIm-e-]m-X-I-
§Ä Nn-{Xo-I-cn-¡-s¸-«-Xv Im-Wmw.
B-Zy-Im-e-þ-a-[y-Im-e (Early Medieval Period)
_o-lm-dnÂ-\n-¶p-Å hn-hn-[ in-ev-]-`m-K-§Ä
_p-²-a-X-¡m-cpw {_m-Ò-W-a-X-¡m-cpw X-½n-
ep-Å Xp-d-¶ A-{I-am-k-à-am-b G-äp-ap-«Â
22
Iu-Sn-ey-sâ "AÀ-°-im-kv-
{X'¯n ip-]mÀ-i sN-bv-Xn-«p-Å
\-S-]-Sn-I-fpw ln-µp-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-
cn-IÄ F-¡m-e-¯pw A-h-cp-sS
{]-P-I-tfm-Sv XoÀ-¯pw k-ln-jv-
Wp-X ]p-eÀ-¯n-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶
B-i-b-s¯ d-±p-sN-¿p-¶p.
G-I-tZ-iw 400 _n.kn. bnÂ
F-gp-X-s¸-« ]m-Wn-\n-bp-sS {]-kn-
²-am-b hym-I-c-W-{K-Ù-am-b
A-ãm-[ym-b-bp-sS(Ashtadhyay)
hym-Jym-\-am-bn 150 _n. kn. bnÂ
F-gp-X-s¸-« ]-X-Rv-P-en-bp-sS
a-lm-`m-jy(Mahabhashya) bn-se ]-cm-
aÀ-i-{]-Im-cw au-cy-·mÀ A-h-cp-sS
J-P-\m-hp-IÄ \n-d-bv-¡m³ tem-l-
hn-{K-l-§Ä D-cp-¡n-bn-«p-s@-¶v
]-d-bm³ I-gn-bpw. ]-W-ap-@m-¡m-
\p-Å ]-c-th-i-¯n ]-hn-{X-am-b
ssZ-h-hn-{K-l-§-sf-t¸m-epw A-hÀ
sh-dp-sX hn-«n-Ã.
\- S - ¶ - X v hy- à - a m- ¡ p- ¶ p. "A- ] - c m- P n- X '
(Aparajitha) DÄ-s¸-sS-bp-Å _p-²-a-X-hn-{K-l-
§-sf N-hn-«n-sa-Xn-¨v ssi-h-hn-{K-l-§Ä Øm-
]n-¨-Xm-bn Im-W-s¸-Sp-¶p. B-²ym-ßn-I-am-bn,
_p-²-a-X-¯n-s\-Xn-sc hym-]-I-am-bn i-¦-c³
(Shankara) \-S-¯n-b Iq-«-s¡m-e-bn a-X-kw-
LÀ-jw {]-Xn-^-en-¡p-¶p. A-hÀ-s¡-Xn-cm-b
{]-Xy-b-im-kv-{X-{]-Nm-c-W-¯n-eq-sS am-{X-am-Wv
_p-²-a-X-¡m-sc Cu cm-Py-¯v \n-¶v Xp-S-¨p-
\o-¡n-b-sX-¶v I-cp-Xp-¶-Xv sX-äm-Wv. A-hÀ
`o-I-c-am-bn B-{I-an-¡-s¸-«-Xm-bn Im-W-s¸-Sp-
¶p. A-Xp-Im-c-Ww A-hÀ-¡v c-@v h-gn-IÄ
am-{X-ta ap-¶n-ep-@m-bn-cp-¶p-Åp þ H-¶p-InÂ
a-äp cm-Py-§-fn-te-¡v ]-em-b-\w sN-t¿-@n-h-¶p,
A-sÃ-¦n A-hÀ A-\p-`-hn-¨ km-aq-ly A-\o-
Xn-I-fn \n-¶v ap-àn t\-Sm³ C-kvemw-a-Xw
kzo-I-cn-t¡-@n h-¶p. I-iv-aoÀ, h-S-¡p-]-Sn-
ªm-d³ A-XnÀ-¯n-{]-tZ-iw, ]-©m-_v, kn-Ôv
F-¶o Ø-e-§Ä sIm-@p am-{Xw cq-]w-sIm-@
C-S-§-fn am-{X-am-Wv C-´y-bn C-kv-em-an-\v
H-cp a-X-sa-¶ \n-e-bn Np-h-Sp-d-¸n-¡m³ I-gn-
ª-Xv F-¶-Xv {i-t²-b-am-Wv. k-am-\-am-bn,
\-f-µ (_n-lmÀ sj-co-^v) ta-J-e, `-KÂ-]qÀ
(N-¼ \-KÀ) ta-J-e, _w-Kv-fm-tZ-iv F-¶n-hn-S-
§-fn-em-Wv ap-kvenw P-\-kw-Jy-bpw Iq-Sp-XÂ
D-Å-Xv. _p-²-a-X-¡mÀ \-sÃm-cp i-X-am-\w Po-
hn-¨n-cp-¶ C-´y-bnÂ-\n-¶v F-´p-sIm-@v A-hÀ
G-Xm-@v A-{]-Xy-£-am-bn F-¶-Xv A-h-cp-sS
a-X-¯n-se B-`y-´-c-am-b ]-cn-hÀ-¯-\-¯n-sâ-
am-{Xw ^-e-am-bm-sW-¶v hym-Jym-\n-¡m³ I-gn-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
bn-Ã. A-Xv A-h-tcm-Sv a-[y-Im-e ln-µp-`-c-W-
hÀ- K - § - f p- s S- b pw a- X - t \- X m- ¡ - f p- s S- b pw
a-t\m-`m-h-hp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-«v hn-i-I-e-\w sN- ]-Sn-ªm-d³ _w-Km-fn-se Ku-U-bp-
t¿-@-Xp-@v. A-tX-co-Xn-bn ssP-\-·m-cpw sS ssi-h-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bm-b i-im-
th-«-bm-S-s¸-«p. e-Jv-\u ayq-kn-b-¯n kq-£n- ¦³ (Shashanka), _p-²-\v t_m-t[m-
¨n-«p-Å ssP-\-cp-sS IÂ-hn-{K-l-§Ä cq-]-t`-Zw Z-bw e-`n-¨p-sh-¶v ]-d-b-s¸-Sp-¶
h-cp-¯n-b A-h-Ø-bn Im-W-s¸-Sp-¶p. C-Xv t_m-[n-hr-£w ap-dn-¨p-am-än. G-gmw
{]-Xy-£-am-bpw ssh-jv-W-h-cq-]w \Â-Im³ \q-äm-@n A-t±-l-¯n-sâ k-a-Im-
ssh-jv-W-hÀ X-s¶-bm-Wv sN-bv-X-Xv. B-Nm- en-I-\m-b lÀ-j-s\ (Harsha) k-ln-jv-
cm-\p-jvTm-\-§-fpw km-aq-ly-am-b s]-cp-am-ä¨-
«-§-fpw \-¶m-bn am-än-¯oÀ-¯p-sIm-@v ssP- Wp-X ]p-eÀ-¯n-b `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-
\-·mÀ {]-_-e-am-b {_m-Ò-W-Po-hn-X-co-Xn- bm-bn I-W-¡m-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. ]-t£
bp-am-bn kz-bw Xm-Zm-ßy-s¸-tS-@n h-¶p. ln- A-t±-lw t]m-epw I-¶u-Pn-se
µp-¡Ä H-cp kw-L-Sn-X-k-aq-l-am-sW-¶v hm-Zn- A-kw-_v-fn-bn _p-²-sâ _-lp-
¡p-¶-Xv sX-äm-Wv. ln-µp `-c-W-hÀ-K-¯n-sâ am-\mÀ-°w D-bÀ-¯n-b tKm-]p-cw
A-Wn-IÄ-¡v sF-Iy-an-sÃ-¶pw ]-c-kv-]-c-ssh- I-¯n-¨-Xn-sâ Kq-Vm-tem-N-\-¡p-äw
cp-²y-§-fm h-e-bw sN-¿-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-I-bm- Np-a-¯n {_m-Ò-W-sc P-bn-en-e-S-
sW-¶pw {]-ap-J ]p-\-cp-°m-\-hm-Zn-bpw ap-kv-
enw- h n- c p- ² - N - c n- { X- I m- c - \ p- a m- b BÀ. kn. ¡p-I-bpw h-[n-¡p-I-bpw sN-bv-Xn-cp-
a-Ppw-ZmÀ X-s¶ Aw-Ko-I-cn-¨ Im-cy-am-Wv. H-cp ¶p. Z-£n-tW-´y-bn-se B-Zy-Im-e-
ln-µp-cm-{ãw ap-kvenwIÄ B-{I-an-¨-t¸mÄ þ-a-[y-Im-e-L-«-¯n (Early Medieval
A-Xv A-bÂ-{]-tZ-i-s¯ H-cp ln-µp-`-c-Wm-[n- Period) ssP-\-cpw ssi-h-cpw X-½n-
Im-cn X-s¶ ]n-¶n \n-¶v B-{I-an-¡m-\p-Å ep-Å Xp-d-¶ bp-²-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨v
A-h-k-c-am-bn I-@p F-¶-Xv A-t±-l-¯n-\v \mw tI-«n-«p-@v.
"h-f-sc th-Z-\m-P-\-I-am-bn-cp-¶p' (History and
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
23
Culture of Indian People, Vol. V, Preface, pp.xivxvi).
"h-S¡- v \n-¶p-Å ap-kev- nw A-[n-\n-th-i¡ - m-cp-am-bn
H-cp Po-h-·-c-W t]m-cm-«-¯n GÀ-s¸-«n-cn-¡p-¶
A-tX k-µÀ-`-¯n Kp-P-dm-¯n-se Nu-eq-Iy-
·m-sc (Chaulukyas) sU-¡m-\n-se I-cp-¯-cm-b
bm-Z-h-`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ sX-¡v \n-¶v B-{I-an-
¨-Xv hn-Ôy-bp-sS sXm-«v sX-¡p-`m-K-¯p-Å
{]-tZ-i-¯p-t]m-epw "ap-kvenw-`o-Xn'(Muslim
danger) h-f-sc Ip-d-hm-sW-¶v I-cp-Xn-bn-cp-¶-t¸m-
gm-Wv' (Ibid, p.xiv).
ln-µp-a-X-t\-Xm-¡Ä-¡n-S-bn-se k-¦p-Nn-X-
am-b A-k-ln-jv-Wp-X-bp-sS {Iq-c-am-b D-Zm-l-c-
W-§-fn-sem-¶v A-tbm-²y-bp-sS a-[y-Im-e-N-cn-
{X-¯n Im-Wm³ I-gn-bpw. Hu-dw-K-tk-_v
(Aurengazeb) `-cn-¨ Im-ew ap-gp-h³ A-tbm-²y-
bn-se Im-cy-§Ä A-t±-l-¯n-sâ \n-b-{´-W-
¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p. ]-t£ 1707þÂ A-t±-l-¯n-sâ
a-c-W-ti-jw ssi-h-kw-\ym-kn-I-fpw ssh-jv-W-
h-ssh-cm-Kn-I-fpw kw-L-Sn-X-cm-bn \-S-¯n-b
A-{I-am-k-à-hpw ]-c-ky-hp-am-b G-äp-ap-«-en-\v
\mw km-£yw h-ln-¡p-¶p. a-X-]-c-am-b Ø-e-
§-fp-sS ssI-h-im-h-Im-iw, XoÀ-Ym-S-I-cp-sS
^o-kn \n-¶pw k-½m-\-§-fn \n-¶p-ap-Å
h-cp-am-\w F-¶o Im-cy-§-fn-em-bn-cp-¶p C-cp-h-
cpw X-½n-ep-Å XÀ-¡w. c-@v hn-`m-K-§Ä-¡n-S-
bn-ep-@m-b Cu kq-£va-am-b kw-L-«-\-§-sf
hn-h-cn-¡m³ 1804þ5 ep-Å H-cp {K-Ù-¯nÂ-\n-
¶p-Å H-cp D-²-c-Wn \-ap-¡v F-Sp-¯p-tNÀ-¡mw:
"A-¡m-e-¯v cm-a-sâ P-\-\-k-µÀ-`-am-b-t¸mÄ
P- \ - § Ä tIm- k - e m- ] q- c n (Kosalapur) te- ¡ v
t]m-bn A-hn-sS H-¯p-Iq-Sn. C-{X-bpw h-en-b
P-\-¡q-«-s¯ BÀ-¡m-Wv hn-h-cn-¡m³ I-gn-
bp-I? tZ-l-am-k-I-ew `-kv-a-hpw ]q-in P-S-sI-«n-b
ap-Sn-bp-am-bn kw-\ym-ko-th-j-[m-cn-I-fm-b F-®n-
bm-sem-Sp-§m-¯, B-bp-[-§-tf-´n-b I-cp-¯-
cm-b ]-S-bm-fn-IÄ D-@m-bn-cp-¶p bp-²w sN-¿p
-¶-Xn B-lv-fm-Z-Nn-¯-cm-b A-]-cn-an-X-am-b
24
ln-µp-a-X-t\-Xm-¡Ä-¡n-S-bn-se
k-¦p-Nn-X-am-b A-k-ln-jv-Wp-
X-bp-sS {Iq-c-am-b D-Zm-l-c-W-
§-fn-sem-¶v A-tbm-²y-bp-sS
a-[y-Im-e-N-cn-{X-¯n Im-Wm³
I-gn-bpw. Hu-dw-K-tk-_v (Aurengazeb)
`-cn-¨ Im-ew ap-gp-h³ A-tbm-²y-
bn-se Im-cy-§Ä A-t±-l-¯n-sâ
\n-b-{´-W-¯n-em-bn-cp-¶p. ]-t£
1707þÂ A-t±-l-¯n-sâ a-c-W-ti-
jw ssi-h-kw-\ym-kn-I-fpw ssh-
jv-W-h-ssh-cm-Kn-I-fpw kw-L-Sn-X-
cm-bn \-S-¯n-b A-{I-am-k-à-hpw
]-c-ky-hp-am-b G-äp-ap-«-en-\v \mw
km-£yw h-ln-¡p-¶p. a-X-]-c-am-b
Ø-e-§-fp-sS ssI-h-im-h-Im-iw,
XoÀ-Ym-S-I-cp-sS ^o-kn \n-¶pw
k-½m-\-§-fn \n-¶p-ap-Å h-cp-
am-\w F-¶o Im-cy-§-fn-em-bn-cp-¶p
C-cp-h-cpw X-½n-ep-Å XÀ-¡w.
ssk-\yw. ssh-cm-Kn-I-fp-am-bn G-äp-ap-«Â Xp-S-
§n. X-{´-¯n-sâ A-`m-hw aq-ew Cu t]m-cm-«-
¯n A-hÀ-¡v (ssh-cm-Kn-IÄ-¡v) P-bn-¡m³
I-gn-ªn-Ã. A-t§m-«v t]m-bn bp-²w sN-bv-X-Xv
A-hÀ-¡p-]-än-b A-_-²-am-bn-cp-¶p; ssh-cm-Kn-
I-fp-sS h-kv-{Xw Zp-cn-X-¯n-sâ D-d-hn-S-am-bn
am-dn. ssh-cm-Ko-h-kv-{Xw [-cn-¨ F-Ãm-h-cpw
`-b-t¶m-Sn. A-h-tcm-Sp-Å `-bw Im-c-Ww (scil.
Namely Samnyasis) A-h-[v-]qÀ D-t]-£n-¡-s¸-«p.
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
F-hn-sS-sb-Ãmw A-hÀ (scil.Namely Samnyasis)
ssh-cm-Ko-h-kv-{X-¯n B-fp-I-sf I-t@m
A-hÀ A-h-cn `-bw \n-d-¨p. A-h-tcm-Sp-Å
t]-Sn-bn F-Ãm-h-cpw hn-d-§-en-¨p. km-²y-am-b
c-l-ky-Ø-e-§-fn-se-Ãmw A-hÀ A-`-bw
{]m-]n-¨p. A-hÀ h-kv-{Xw am-än Ip-e-Nn-Ó-§Ä
D-t]-£n-¨p. A-h-cp-sS b-YmÀ-° kz-Xzw B-cpw
sh- f n- s ¸- S p- ¯ n- b n- Ã .'' (quoted from Sri
Maharajacharitha of Ragunathaprasada, pp.42f in
hans Bakker, Ayodhya, Gorningnon, 1986, p.149)
a-[y-Im-e ln-µp a-X-t\-Xm-¡Ä ]m-en-¨p
F-¶v ]-d-b-s¸-Sp-¶ k-ln-jv-Wp-X-sb-¶ sI-
«p-I-Y Xp-d-¶p-Im-«m³ ap-I-fn sIm-Sp-¯n-cn-
¡p-¶ J-Þn-I a-Xn-bm-Ipw. \q-äm-@p-IÄ
\o-@p-\n-¶ th-tZm-]-tZ-i-§-fp-sS ^-e-am-bn-
t¸m-epw H-cp kw-L-Sn-X-ln-µp-a-Xw kr-ãn-¡-
s¸-«n-Ã F-¶ Im-cyw {i-²n-t¡-@-Xp-@v.
C-t¸mÄ-t]m-epw ]-«n-I-Pm-Xn-¡mÀ F-¶v A-dn-
b-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀ ]-ip-¡-fpÄ-s¸-sS-bp-Å ar-K-§-
fp-sS PoÀ-Wn-¨ amw-kw `-£n-¡p-I-bpw Nn-e
tI-kp-I-fn N-¯-h-sb kw-kv-I-cn-¡p-I-bpw A]cmPnX
sN-¿p-¶p. km-¼-¯n-I Im-c-W-§-fm _o-lm-
dn-se-bpw a-än-S-§-fn-se-bpw {Km-a-§-fn ho-Sp- bm-epw, ap-kv-enwI-sf H-cp kw-L-Sn-X-k-ap-Zm-
IÄ X-IÀ-¡-s¸-Sp-I-bpw Ip-Spw-_mw-K-§Ä b- a m- b n I- W - ¡ m- ¡ m- \ m- h n- à . jn- b - I - f pw
Np-«p-sIm-Ã-s¸-Sp-I-bpw sN-bv-X Cu hn-`m-Kw kp-¶n-I-fpw X-½n-ep-Å c-à-cq-jn-X-am-b kw-
A-Sn-¨-aÀ-¯-s¸-« P-\-X-sb-bm-Wv a-lm-ßm-Km- L-«-\-§Ä C-´y-bn-epw a-än-S-§-fn-epw A-dn-b-
Ôn "l-cn-P-\-§Ä' F-¶v hn-fn-¨-Xv. Cu-b-Sp-¯v s¸-Sp-¶-Xm-Wv; C-dm-\pw C-dm-Jpw X-½n-ep-Å
]-«n-I-Pm-Xn-¡m-cm-b h-en-sbm-cp hn-`m-Kw P-\- c-à-cq-jn-X-am-b \o-@p-\n-¶ G-äp-ap-«-en-s\-¡p-
§Ä sX-¡v {In-kv-Xp-a-Xw kzo-I-cn-¡m³ Xo- dn-¨v ]-d-tb-@-Xp-an-Ã. C-´y-bn \-Ã-\n-e-bnÂ
cp-am-\n-¨-t¸mÄ A-Xv ln-µp-a-X-kw-c-£-IÀ I-gn-bp-¶ \n-c-h-[n ap-kv-enw -Ip-Spw-_-§Ä ln-
F-¶v hn-fn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-hÀ-¡n-S-bn h-en-b tIm-
em-l-e-§Ä kr-ãn-¨p.
A-Xp-t]m-se, a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-I-fp-sS A-{I-
am-k-à-am-b {]-Nm-c-W-§Ä F-´p-X-s¶-bm- A-[n-Im-c-hpw k-¼-¯pw
DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶ Im-cy-¯n `-cn-
¡p-¶-hÀ ln-µp-¡-fm-bm-epw
ap-kvenwIfm-bm-epw {Iq-c-X-IÄ-
¡v H-cp hy-Xym-k-hp-an-sÃ-¶-Xn-
\v \n-c-h-[n D-±m-l-c-W-§Ä
Im-Wn-¡m³ I-gn-bpw. bp-²-
hpw sIm-Å-bpw Xp-S-cp-¶-Xn-\v
H-t«-sd ln-µp-¡Ä ap-kvenwI-
fp-am-bn k-l-I-cn-¨p. _m-_-
dn-s\ dm-Wm-kw-L³ (Rana Sangha)
£-Wn-¨-Xv h-f-sc {]-kn-²-am-b
D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. a-dp-h-i-¯v,
ln-µp-þ-ap-kv-enw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-
fp-sS `m-K-¯p-\n-¶v ]-c-kv-]-cw
k-ln-jv-Wp-X Im-Wn-¡p-¶
\n-c-h-[n kw-`-h-§-fp-@v; c-@v
k-ap-Zm-b-§-fn-se-bpw km-[m-
c-W-¡mÀ-¡n-S-bn \n-e-\nÂ-
¡p-¶ k-ln-jv-Wp-X-sb-¡p-dn-¨v
]-d-bp-I-bpw-th-@, A-{X-t¯m-
f-ap-@v.

3 HIvtSm_À 2020
25
µp-a-X-¡mÀ kz-´w a-X-¡m-tcm-Sv sN-¿p-¶-Xp
-t]m-se-¯-s¶ kz-´w a-X-¯n-se s\-bv-¯p-
ImÀ, ]-e-N-c-¡v hym-]m-cn-IÄ, a-äv Xm-gv-¶-\n-
e-bn F-¶v I-W-¡m-¡p-¶ k-ap-Zm-bmw-K-§Ä
Xp-S-§n-b-h-sc A-h-Ú-tbm-sS Im-Wp-¶p.
I-em-]-§Ä A-t\z-jn-¡p-¶ I-½o-j-\p-I-fp-sS
dn-t¸mÀ-«p-IÄ Im-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv ln-µp-a-X-¯n-se-
bpw C-kvemw a-X-¯n-se-bpw A-¯-cw Xm-gv-¶
k-ap-Zm-b-§-fn-se Aw-K-§-fm-Wv bm-sXm-cp
a-X-hy-Xym-k-hp-an-Ãm-sX I-em-]-§-fn Zp-cn-X-
§-f-\p-`-hn-¨v sIm-Ã-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv F-¶m-Wv.
BÀ. kn. a-Ppw-ZmÀ ln-µp-¡-fp-am-bn Øn-c-
am-b i-{Xp-X-bn I-gn-bp-¶ G-Io-Ir-X-a-X-k-
aq-l-am-bn ap-kv-enwI-sf I-W-¡m-¡p-¶p. K-kv-
\n-bn-se a-Òq-Zn-sâ-bpw Xn-aq-dn-sâ-bpw t{]-Xw
N-cn-{X-]-c-am-bn-X-s¶ H-gn-bm-_m-[-t]m-se A-t±-

cm-a-sâ N-cn-{X-]-c-X-bn hn-iz-kn-

¡p-¶-hÀ A-t±-l-¯n-sâ Po-hn-
X-Im-ew _n. kn. 2000am-bn \n-Ý-
bn-¡p-¶p. `m-c-X-bp-²-¯n-\v 65
X-e-ap-d-IÄ-¡p-ap-¼v cm-a-Z-i-c-Yn
Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶p F-¶-Xn-sâ A-Sn-
Øm-\-¯n-em-Wv C-Xv \nÀ-W-bn-
¡p-¶-Xv. `m-c-X-bp-²w \-S-¶-Xv 1000
_n.kn.bn B-sW-¶v s]m-Xp-th
Aw-Ko-I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. A-Xn-\mÂ
F-§-s\ t\m-¡n-bm-epw A-tbm-
²y-bn G-sX-¦n-epw X-c-¯n-ep-Å
P-\-hm-k-¯n-\pw cm-a-sâ {]m-b-
¯n-\pw C-S-bn 1000¯n-e-[n-Iw
hÀ-j-s¯ hn-S-hv \-ap-¡v A-`n-ap-Jo-
I-cn-t¡-@n h-cp-¶p. Cu {]-Xn-_-
Ôw aq-e-am-Wv Nn-e ln-µp ]-Þn-
X-·mÀ A-^v-Km-\n-Øm-\n-epw
cm-P-Øm-\n-epw A-tbm-²y-bp-sS
Øm-\w \nÀ-W-bn-¡p-¶-Xv, a-äp-
Å-hÀ _m-en-b (Baliya), ap³-sKÀ
(Munger) Pn-Ã-I-fn C-Xv A-t\z-jn-
¡p-¶p.

l-s¯ ]n-´p-S-cp-¶p-@v. A-t±-lw ]-d-bp-¶- k-a-X-e-§Ä-¡v ]p-d-¯v H-cp e-£w ln-µp

Xp-t]m-se:
"\m-\q-dp-hÀ-j-§Ä-¡p-ap-¼v, kpÂ-¯m³
a-Òq-Zn-sâ Im-e-s¯-t]m-se ln-µp-¡-sf Iq-«-
t¯m-sS I-cp-Xn-¡q-«n sIm-s¶m-Sp-¡n-b-Xn-\v
]n-¶o-sSm-cn-¡-epw C-´y km-£yw h-ln-¨n-«n-Ã
(Xn-aq-dn-sâ Im-e-s¯-t¸m-se). A-\n-b-{´n-X
-am-b Im-a-¯n-\pw A-{]-Xn-tcm-[y-am-b \n-jvTq-
c-X-bv-¡pw sN-¿m³ I-gn-bp-¶ A-Xn-{I-a-§-sf-
Ãmw A-t±-l-¯n-sâ a-X-{`m-´-cm-b sIm-e-bm-
fn-IÄ \-S-¯n. A-Xn-sâ ]m-c-ay-¯nÂ, Zn-Ãn
X-S-hp-Im-sc Iq-«-s¡m-e sN-bv-Xp þ tem-I-N-cn-
{X-¯n k-am-\-X-I-fn-Ãm-¯ H-cp kw-`-hw.''
(HCIP,VI, Preface,p.xxiv).
C-¯-cw {]-kv-Xm-h-\-IÄ K-kv-\n-bn-se a-l-
aq-Zv(Mahmud of Gazni), tLm-dn-se ap-l-½-Zv
(Muhammad of Ghor), k- a À- J - Þ n- s e Xn-
aqÀ(Timur of Samarkand) F-¶n-hÀ apkvenw P-\-
X-bv-¡pw a-t[y-jy-bn-se `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IÄ-¡pw
t\-sc \-S-¯n-b kw-lm-c-s¯ ]qÀ-W-am-bpw
A-h-K-Wn-¡p-¶p. A-h-cp-sS {]-[m-\ e-£yw

26 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
a-äv cm-Py-§-sf sIm-Å-b-Sn-¡p-I-bpw kz-´w
J-P-\m-hp-I-Ä \n-d-bv-¡p-I-bpw k-¼-¯v hÀ-
²n-¸n-¡p-I-bpw sN-¿p-I F-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p. K-kv-
\n-bn-se a-l-aq-Zpw tLm-dn-se ap-l-½-Zpw C-´y
B-{I-an-¨-t¸mÄ, A-hÀ B-{I-an-¨ {]-tZ-i-§-
fn b-YmÀ-°-¯n ap-kvenwI-sfm-¶pw D-@m-
bn-cp-¶n-Ã. ]-¯pw ]-Xn-s\m-¶pw \q-äm-t@m-sS
a-t[y-jy ap-gp-h-\pw C-kvemw a-X-¯n-te-¡v
]-cn-hÀ-¯-\w sN-bv-Xp-I-gn-ªn-cp-s¶-¦n-epw
Cu k-l-a-X-hn-izm-kn-I-tf-bpw Cu sIm-Å-
¡mÀ sh-dp-sX hn-«n-Ã. a-t[y-jy-bn-se ap-kv-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
enwI-sf I-hÀ-¨ sN-bv-X-Xn \n-¶v tXm-Xn-tem
Xo-{h-X-bn-tem H-«pw Ip-d-hm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã D-¯-
tc-´y-bn-se ln-µp-¡-fp-sS Im-cy-¯n A-hÀ
sN-bv-X-Xv F-¶v \-ap-¡v I-s@-¯m³ I-gn-bp-
¶p. N-cn-{X-¯nÂ, sIm-Å-¡mÀ A-h-cp-sS C-c-
I-tfm-Sv ]n-Sn-s¨-Sp-¯ sIm-Å-ap-X-en-sâ Im-cy-
¯n \n-jv-]-£-cm-Wv. k-am-\-am-bn, Xn-aqÀ
C-´y-bn sN-bv-X-Xn-t\-¡mÄ sIm-Sn-b \m-iw
a-t[y-jy-bn-se ap-kvenw-P-\-aq-l-¯n-\v h-cp-¯n.
1398þ99 B-b-t¸m-tg-¡pw C-´y-bn K-Wy-am-b
ap-kv-enw P-\-kw-Jy-bp-@m-bn-cp-¶p, ]-t£
27
Eraly middleevel piried

A-t¸m-gpw ap-kv-enw -C-X-c P-\-kw-Jy A-h-sc-

¡mÄ Iq-Sp-X-em-bn-cp-¶p. Xn-aqÀ \-S-¯n-b B-{I-
a-W-§Ä {]-[m-\-am-bpw ap-kvenw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-
cn-IÄ-s¡-Xn-sc-bm-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¦n-epw, B-{I-a- G-gmw \q-äm-@n-se ssN-\o-
W-¯n-\v C-c-bm-b {]-P-IÄ kzm-`m-hn-I-am-bpw
ln-µp-¡-fpw DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶-Xm-bn-cp-¶p.
kv XoÀ-°m-S-I-\m-b lp-hm³
A-[n-Im-c-hpw k-¼-¯pw DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶ Im-cy- km-§v(Hsuan Tsang) A-tbm-[y-
¯n `-cn-¡p-¶-hÀ ln-µp-¡-fm-bm-epw ap- sb-¡p-dn-¨v \Â-Ip-¶ sX-fn-hp-
kvenwIfm-bm-epw {Iq-c-X-IÄ-¡v H-cp hy-Xym-k- I-fpw {]-iv-\-§Ä kr-ãn-¡p-¶p.
hp- a n- s Ã- ¶ - X n- \ v \n- c - h - [ n D- ± m- l - c - W - § Ä A-t±-l-¯n-sâ A-`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ
Im-Wn-¡m³ I-gn-bpw. bp-²-hpw sIm-Å-bpw I-\u-Pn(Kannauj)sâ In-g-¡v-þ-sX-
Xp-S-cp-¶-Xn-\v H-t«-sd ln-µp-¡Ä ap-kvenwI-fp- ¡p-In-g-¡m-bn, 600li (192 In-tem-
am-bn k-l-I-cn-¨p. _m-_-dn-s\ dm-Wm-kw-L³ ao-äÀ) A-I-se-bpw Kw-K-bnÂ
(Rana Sangha) £-Wn-¨-Xv h-f-sc {]-kn-²-am-b
D-Zm-l-c-W-am-Wv. a-dp-h-i-¯v, ln-µp-þ-ap-kv-enw \n-¶v sX-t¡m-«v H-¶-c In-tem-ao-äÀ
`-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sS `m-K-¯p-\n-¶v ]-c-kv-]-cw A-I-se-bp-am-bm-Wv A-tbm-²y
k-ln-jv-Wp-X Im-Wn-¡p-¶ \n-c-h-[n kw-`-h-§- Øn-Xn-sN-¿p-¶-Xv. A-tbm-²y-sb
fp-@v; c-@v k-ap-Zm-b-§-fn-se-bpw km-[m-c-W- an-¡-hm-dpw Kw-K-bp-sS Xo-c-¯v
¡mÀ-¡n-S-bn \n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶ k-ln-jv-Wp-X- Øm-]n-¡p-¶-Xp-h-gn ssN-\o-kv
sb-¡p-dn-¨v ]-db - p-Ib - pw-th-@, A-{X-t¯m-fa - p-@v. k-©m-cn-IÄ A-Xn-sâ B-Zy-Im-e
A-Xn-\m ap-kvenw `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-sf {Iq-c-cpw _p-²-a-X ]m-c-¼-cy-s¯ Øn-co-I-
ln-µp `-c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-sf Z-bm-]-c-cpw k-ln-jv- cn-¡p-¶p.
Wp-¡-fp-am-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv sX-äm-Wv.
\nÀ-`m-Ky-h-imÂ, A-¯-cw Nn-{X-§Ä \nÀ-an-¨n-

28 3 HIvtSm_À 2020

cn-¡p-¶-Xv ln-µp hÀ-Ko-b-hm-Zn-I-fm-Wv, ap-kvenw
a-X-au-en-I-hm-Zn-IÄ A-h-tcm-Sv In-S-]n-Sn-¡m³
{i-an-¡p-¶p. hÀKo-b-{]-Nm-c-W-¯n-sâ H-cp {]-
[m-\ D-Zm-l-c-Ww \-ap-¡v Im-Wm-\m-hp-I _m-_-
dn a-kv-Pn-Zn-sâ Np-h-cp-I-fn Cu-bn-sS ]-Xn-¸n-¨
ap-¸-Xv Nn-{X-§Ä-¡n-S-bn cm-a-sâ hn-{K-l-
ap-Å Nn-{Xw _-e-am-bn tNÀ-¯n-«p-Å-Xn-em-Wv.
_m-_-dn a-kv-Pn-Zv ssI-h-i-s¸-Sp-¯m³ hÀ-Ko-
b-hm-Zn-I-sf {]m-]v-X-cm-¡n-b Pn-Ãm P-Uv-Pn-bp-sS
{]-Xn-a B-th-i-]qÀ-Æw ]-Ån-bp-sS {]-th-i-\-
I-hm-S-¯n Øm-]n-¡-s¸-«p. cm-a-s\ B-cm-
[n-¡p-¶-Xn-t\-¡mÄ hÀ-¤o-b-hm-Zn-IÄ-¡v P-Uv-
Pn-sb h-ep-Xm-¡n-Im-Wn-¨v B-tLm-jn-¡p-¶-
Xn-em-Wv Iq-Sp-XÂ {i-²-sb-¶v tXm-¶p-¶p.
G-ä-hpw tam-i-am-b cm-{ão-b ap³-hn-[n-IÄ a-d-
¨p-h-bv-¡m-\p-Å H-cp {]-Ñ-¶-th-j-am-¡n-bn-cn-
¡p-I-bm-Wv cm-a-s\-b-hÀ. H-cp Np-hÀ-¨n-{X-
¯nÂ, _m-_-dn-sâ ]-«m-f-¡mÀ km-¦Â-¸n-I
cm-a-t£-{Xw \-in-¸n-¡p-I-bpw ln-µp-¡-sf I-im-
¸p-sN-¿p-I-bpw sN-¿p-¶-Xm-bn Nn-{Xo-I-cn-¨n-cn-
¡p-¶p. A-tbm-[y-bn-se cm-a-t£-{X-¯n-\v
t\-sc-bp-@m-b B-{I-a-W-¯n-\n-sS _m-_-dn-sâ
ssk-\n-IÀ F-gp-]-¯-¿m-bn-cw ln-µp-¡-sf
sIm-¶-Xm-bpw A-h-cp-sS c-àw _m-_-dn a-kv-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
Pn-Zv \nÀ-an-¡p-t¼mÄ Np-®m-¼m-bn D-]-tbm-Kn-
¨-Xm-bpw ]-d-bp-¶ H-cp Ip-dn-t¸m-Sp-Iq-Sn-bm-Wv
Cu Np-hÀ-Nn-{Xw A-h-X-cn-¸n-¡-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.
C-¯-cw {]-tIm-]-\-]-c-am-b \p-W-IÄ hÀ-Ko-b
hn-Im-c-§Ä B-fn-¡-¯n-¡p-¶p. cm-a-t£-{Xw
s]m-fn-¨p-am-än, _m-_-dn a-kv-Pn-Zv A-Xn-sâ Øm-
\-¯m-Wv _m-_À \nÀ-an-¨-Xv F-¶ Im-gv-N-¸m-Sv
t]m-se-¯-s¶ Cu {]-Nm-c-W-hpw Xn-I-¨pw
hym-P-am-Wv.
D-¯À-{]-tZ-in-se BÀ-¡n-tbm-f-Pn Un-¸mÀ-
«v-saân-sâ ap³ U-b-d-ÎÀ BÀ. kn. knw-Kv
A-tbm-²y-bn-se 17 Hm-fw ssk-äp-IÄ ]-cy-th-
£- W w sN- ¿ p- I - b pw dn³- t am- P ³ L- « v
(Rinmochan Ghat), Kp-]v-XmÀ L-«v (Guptar Ghat)
F-¶o c-@v ssk-äp-IÄ J-\-\w sN-¿p-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. A-t±-l-¯n-sâ A-`n-{]m-b-¯nÂ, an-¡
Ø-e-§-fn-epw, hm-k-¯n-sâ A-S-bm-f-§Ä-¡v
_n.kn c-@mw \q-äm-@n-t\-¡mÄ ]-g-¡-an-Ã.
a-Wn-]À-h-Xv (Maniparvat), kp-{Ko-h-]À-h-Xv
(Sugrivaparvat) F-¶o c-@p-Ø-e-§-sf am-{Xw
au-cy (Maurya) Im-e-L-«-hp-am-bn _-Ôn-¸n-¨v
Im-Wm-hp-¶-Xm-Wv. C-´ym K-h¬-saân-sâ
BÀ-¡n-tbm-f-Pn Un-¸mÀ-«v-saân-sâ ap³ U-b-
d-ÎÀ P-\-d-em-b _n. _n. em aq-¶v L-«-§-
fn-em-bn A-tbm-[y-bn \n-c-h-[n ssk-äp-IÄ
J-\-\w sN-bv-Xp. _n. kn. G-gmw \q-äm-@v h-sc
A-tbm-²y-bn H-cp X-c-¯n-epw P-\-hm-k-ap-
@m-bn-cp-¶n-sÃ-¶v Cu J-\-\w hy-à-am-¡p-¶p.
_n. kn. G-gmw \q-äm-@v F-¶-Xv t]m-epw Ip-
d-¨p-t\À-s¯-bm-Wv Northern Black Polished Ware
sâ Im-e-L-«-s¯ A-{X-bpw ]n-d-In-em-¡n Im-
Wn-¡m³ F-fp-¸-a-Ã. A-tbm-²y-bn-se Ip-Sn-tb-
A-tbm-²y-bn I-s@-¯n-b
F.Un. H-¶mw \q-äm-@n-se H-cp
en-Jn-X-¯n ]p-jy-an-{X-ipw-K-bp-
sS (Pushyamitra Shunga)
]n³-Km-an-sb-¡p-dn-¨v ]-cm-aÀ-
in-¡p-¶p-s@-¦n-epw, cm-a-Z-
i-c-Yn-bp-sS A-tbm-²y-bp-sS
sF-Uâ n-än sX-fn-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-\v
\m-W-b-§-tfm en-Jn-X-§-tfm
k-lm-b-I-c-am-Ip-¶n-Ã. th-@-
{X J-\-\-hpw ]-cy-th-£-W-hpw
\-S-¯n-bn-«pw Kp-]v-X Im-e-L-«-
¯n-\p-ap-t¶ cm-a-\v C-¶-s¯
A-tbm-²y-bp-am-bn _-Ô-ap-
t@m-sb-¶-Xv ]qÀ-®-\n-Ý-
b-t¯m-sS D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯m³
I-gn-bm-¯-Xv XoÀ-¯pw \n-cm-im-
P-\-I-am-Wv.
29
ä-¯n-sâ G-ä-hpw B-Zy-Im-e-L-«-¯n-sâ ImÀ-
_¬ Xo- b - X n- I Ä \- a p- ¡ n- s Ã- ¶ - I m- c yw
{]-tXy-Iw HmÀ-an-t¡-@-Xp-@v. B-Zy-Im-e Ip-Sn-
tb-ä-¯n-sâ Iq-Sp-XÂ hn-iz-k-\o-b-am-b Xo-b-Xn
I-W-¡m-¡m³ I-gn-bp-¶-Xv Nn-e sS-dm-t¡m-«-cq-
]-§-fp-sS km-¶n-[y-¯n \n-¶m-Wv. A-h-bn-
sem-¶v ssP-\-cq-]-am-b-Xp-sIm-@v au-cy-Im-e-
L-«-¯n-tem \m-emw \q-äm-@n-sâ A-h-km-\-
¯n-tem aq-¶mw \q-äm-@n-sâ Xp-S-¡-¯n-tem
D-Å-Xm-Wv. F-¶n-cp-¶m-epw, a-[y Kw-Km ta-J-
e-bn-se F-¡Â a-®n (Alluvial Soil) J-\-\w
\-S-¯n-b an-¡ ssk-äp-I-fpw _n. kn. G-tgm
B-tdm \q-äm-@v h-sc th-@-{X P-\-hm-k-ap-Å-
Xm-bn tXm-¶p-¶n-Ã. cm-a-sâ N-cn-{X-]-c-X-bnÂ
hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶-hÀ A-t±-l-¯n-sâ Po-hn-X-Im-ew
_n. kn. 2000am-bn \n-Ý-bn-¡p-¶p. `m-c-X-bp-²-
¯n-\v 65 X-e-ap-d-IÄ-¡p-ap-¼v cm-a-Z-i-c-Yn Po-
hn-¨n-cp-¶p F-¶-Xn-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\-¯n-em-Wv
C-Xv \nÀ-W-bn-¡p-¶-Xv. `m-c-X-bp-²w \-S-¶-Xv
1000 _n.kn.bn B-sW-¶v s]m-Xp-th Aw-Ko-
I-cn-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. A-Xn-\m F-§-s\ t\m-¡n-
bm-epw A-tbm-²y-bn G-sX-¦n-epw X-c-¯n-
ep-Å P-\-hm-k-¯n-\pw cm-a-sâ {]m-b-¯n-\pw
C-S-bn 1000¯n-e-[n-Iw hÀ-j-s¯ hn-S-hv
\-ap-¡v A-`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-t¡-@n h-cp-¶p. Cu
{]-Xn-_-Ôw aq-e-am-Wv Nn-e ln-µp ]-Þn-X-·mÀ
30
Nn-e ]-Þn-X-·mÀ A-h-Im-i-s¸-Sp-
¶-Xp-t]m-se, 2000 _n-kn ap-XÂ
1800 _n-kn h-sc-bp-Å Im-e-L-«-
¯n A-tbm-²y-bn cm-a-Z-i-c-Yn
Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶-Xn-sâ N-cn-{X-]-c-X
sX-fn-bn-¡m³ I-gn-bp-¶ X-c-¯n-
ep-Å H-¶pw C-Xp-h-sc-bpw \-½p-sS
]-¡-en-Ã. ln-µp-a-X-hn-izm-k-¯n-sâ
N-cn-{X-a-\p-k-cn-¨v t\m-¡n-bmÂ,
a-[y-Im-e-L-«-¯n-em-Wv A-tbm-
²y a-X-XoÀ-°m-S-\-tI-{µ-am-bn
D-bÀ-¶p-h-¶n-«p-Å-sX-¶v Im-Wmw.
hn-jv-Wp-kv-ar-Xn(Vishnu Smriti)bn-se
85þm-w A-²ym-b-¯n ]-«-W-§Ä,
X-Sm-I-§Ä, \-Zn-IÄ, ]À-h-X-§Ä
F-¶n-h-bpÄ-s¸-sS A-¼-¯n-c-@v
XoÀ-°m-S-\ tI-{µ-§-fp-sS ]-«n-
I Im-Wm-sa-¦n-epw A-tbm-²y
A-Xn DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã.
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
A-^v-Km-\n-Øm-\n-epw cm-P-Øm-\n-epw A-tbm-
²y-bp-sS Øm-\w \nÀ-W-bn-¡p-¶-Xv, a-äp-Å-hÀ
_m-en-b (Baliya), ap³-sKÀ (Munger) Pn-Ã-I-fnÂ
C-Xv A-t\z-jn-¡p-¶p.
1000 800 _n. kn. Im-e-L-«-¯n-se {K-Ù-
am-b A-YÀ-Æ-th-Z-¯n-se (Atharva Veda, X. 2.
3133) A-tbm-[y-sb-¡p-dn-¨p-Å B-Zy-s¯ ]-cm-
aÀ-iw C-sXm-cp ]u-cm-Wn-I-\-K-c-am-sW-¶v
Im-Wn-¡p-¶p. F-«v hr-¯-§-fpw H³-]-Xv {]-
th-i-\ I-hm-S-§-fpw DÄ-s¡m-Åp-¶, F-Ãm
`m-K-§-fpw sh-fn-¨-¯m Np-ä-s¸-« "ssZ-h-§-
fp-sS \-K-cw' (City of Gods) F-¶m-Wv C-Xn-s\
hn-ti-jn-¸n-¡p-¶-Xv. 300 B. C. bn-se _p-²-a-X
]m-en-{K-Ù-am-b Samyutta Nikayabn (Nalanda
Edn Vol.IV, p. 162 with fn. 1), ]-cm-aÀ-in-¨n-cn-¡p-¶
A-tbm-²y Kw-Km-Xo-c-¯m-Wv. A-Xn-\v b-YmÀ-
°-¯n ss^-km-_m-Zv Pn-Ã-bn-se k-c-bq-\-
Zo-Xo-c-¯v Øn-Xn sN-¿p-¶ A-tbm-²y-bp-am-bn
bm-sXm-cp _-Ô-hp-an-Ã. k-c-bp DÄ-s¸-sS F-Ãm
\-Zn-I-sf-bpw s]m-Xp-hm-b AÀ-°-¯n Kw-K
F-¶v hn-fn-¨n-cp-¶p F-¶ Im-gv-N-¸m-Sn-s\ B-Zy-
Im-e ]m-en {K-Ù-§Ä ]n-´p-W-bv-¡p-¶n-Ã.
_p-²³ k-µÀ-in-¨ a-ln (K-Ô-Iv), s\-c-Rv-P-c
(^mÂ-Kp) F-¶n-h-bpÄ-s¸-sS \n-c-h-[n \-Zn-I-
sf A-h {]-tXy-Iw ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡p-¶p. k-c-`p
A-sÃ-¦n k-c-bp F-¶pw A-tbm-²y-bp-am-bn
bm-sXm-cp _-Ô-hp-an-Ãm-¯ H-cp ]-Ým-¯-e-
¯n ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p-@v. {In-kv-Xp-hÀ-
j-¯n-sâ B-Zy-\q-äm-@p-I-fn-ep-@m-b hmÂ-ao-
In-cm-am-b-W-¯n-se D-¯-c-Im-Þ(Uttarakanda)
¯n-sâ A-Sn-Øm-\-¯nÂ, BÀ-¡n-tbm-f-Pn-
¡Â kÀ-th Hm-^v C-´y-bp-sS U-b-d-ÎÀ P-\-
d-em-b Fw. kn. tPm-jn A-tbm-²y-sb k-c-bp-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
hn \n-¶v B-ZyÀ-²-tbm-P-\(Adhyardhayojanam)
(110.1) A-I-se-bm-bm-Wv Øm-\-\nÀ-®-bw
\-S-¯n-bn-«p-Å-Xv. B-dv tIm-k-IÄ (six kosas)
A-Y-hm 12 ssa F-¶À-°w h-cp-¶ Cu kw-
k v - I r - X - ] - Z w , _ m - e - I m - Þ (Balakan
da22.11)bn-epw D-]-tbm-Kn-¡p-¶p-@v. hym-Jym-
Xm-¡-Ä C-Xv 1.5 (H-¶-c) tbm-P-\-bm-sW-¶v
A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. C-Xn-\À-°w B-dv tIm-k-
IÄ A-sÃ-¦n 12 ssa F-¶m-Wv. C-Xv ho-
@pw B-i-b-¡p-g-¸w kr-ãn-¡p-¶p. Im-c-Ww
C-t¸m-g-s¯ A-tbm-²y Øn-Xn sN-¿p-¶-Xv
k- c - b p- h n- s â I- c - b n- e m- W v . _- e n- b (Balia),
k-c¬(Saran) Pn-Ã-I-fn-eq-sS In-g-t¡m-t«-¡p-Å
K-Xn-bn C-Xv Lm-{K F-¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p.
k-c¬ Pn-Ã-bn sh-¨v C-Xv Kw-K-bn tN-cp-
¶p. k-c-bp F-t¸m-gpw K-Xn am-dn-am-dn H-gp-In-
s¡m-@n-cn-¡p-¶p-@v, A-Xn-\m-em-Wv Nn-e
]-Þn-X-·mÀ _-en-b Pn-Ã-bn-se ssJ-cm-
Zn(Khairadih)sb A-tbm-²y-bm-bn I-W-¡m-¡m³
C-ã-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. G-gmw \q-äm-@n-se ssN-\o-kv
XoÀ-°m-S-I-\m-b lp-hm³ km-§v(Hsuan Tsang)
A-tbm-[y-sb-¡p-dn-¨v \Â-Ip-¶ sX-fn-hp-I-fpw
{]-iv-\-§Ä kr-ãn-¡p-¶p. A-t±-l-¯n-sâ
A-`n-{]m-b-¯n I-\u-Pn(Kannauj)sâ In-g-¡v-
þ-sX-¡p-In-g-¡m-bn, 600li (192 In-tem-ao-äÀ)
A-I-se-bpw Kw-K-bn \n-¶v sX-t¡m-«v H-¶-c
In-tem-ao-äÀ A-I-se-bp-am-bm-Wv A-tbm-²y
Øn-Xn-sN-¿p-¶-Xv. A-tbm-²y-sb an-¡-hm-dpw
Kw-K-bp-sS Xo-c-¯v Øm-]n-¡p-¶-Xp-h-gn ssN-
\o-kv k-©m-cn-IÄ A-Xn-sâ B-Zy-Im-e _p-²-
a-X ]m-c-¼-cy-s¯ Øn-co-I-cn-¡p-¶p.
A-tbm-²y-cm-Py-s¯ _p-²-kw-\ym-kn-am-cp-
sS F-®w aq-hm-bn-c-am-bn-cp-s¶-¶pw _p-²-a-X-
31
¡mÀ A-Ãm-¯-h-cp-sS-tbm \m-kv-Xn-I-cp-tS-tbm
F-®w h-f-sc Ip-d-hm-bn-cp-¶p F-¶pw lp-hm³
km-Mv A-`n-{]m-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. A-tbm-[y cm-Py-¯n-
sâ X-e-Øm-\-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v ]-d-bp-¶n-S-¯v,
_p-²-a-Xm-²ym-]-\-¯n-sâ tI-{µ-am-bn-cp-¶ H-cp
]-g-b _p-²-hn-lm-c-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v ]-d-bp-¶p.
(SiYuKi, vol. I, London, 1906, pp. 224-25). G-gmw \q-
äm-@n A-tbm-²y-bn-ep-@m-bn-cp-¶ _p-²-a-
Xm-[n-]-Xy-s¯ C-Xv kq-Nn-¸n-¡p-¶p. A-tbm-
²ym-cm-Py-¯v \q-tdm-fw k-w\ym-ko-aT-§-fpw 10
tZ-h ({_m-Ò-W A-sÃ-¦n a-äv) t£-{X-§-fpw
D-@m-bn-cp-¶p-sh-¶v lp-hm³ km-Mv ]-d-bp-¶p.
F. Un. A-©mw \q-äm-@n ^m-ln-bm³, _p-²-
sâ Z-µ þ I-jv-X(Dantakashta) _p-²-sâ I-¼p-
sIm- @ p- Å Sq- ¯ v {_- j v D- @ m- ¡ p- ¶
a-cw) km-tI-Xn G-gv ap-gw h-sc D-b-c-¯nÂ
h-f-cp-¶-Xn-s\-¡p-dn-¨v ]-d-bp-¶p. {_m-Ò-WÀ
hr-£-s¯ \-in-¸n-s¨-¦n-epw, A-Xv ho-@pw
A-tX Ø-e-¯v X-s¶ h-fÀ-¶p (James Legge,
tr.A Record of Budhistic Kingdoms, Oxford,1886, pp.
5455). \n- c - h - [ n ssP- \ - X oÀ- ° - ¦ - c - · m (Jain
Tirthankaras)cp-sS A-Y-hm a-Xm-²ym-]-I-cp-sS
P-·-Ø-e-am-bn A-tbm-²y ]-c-¼-cm-K-X-am-bn
A-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. C-Xv A-h-cp-sS XoÀ-°m-S-\-
tI-{µ-am-bn ssP-\-a-X-¡mÀ I-W-¡m-¡p-I-bpw
sN-¿p-¶p. ssP-\-]m-c-¼-cy-¯n A-tbm-²y
tIm-k-e cm-Py-¯n-sâ X-e-Øm-\-am-bn-cp-s¶-
¦n-epw A-Xn-sâ Ir-Xy-am-b Øm-\w F-hn-sS-
bm-sW-¶v hy-à-am-¡n-bn-«n-Ã. hn-jv-Wp-hn-s\
cm-a-sâ A-h-Xm-c-am-bn I-W-¡m-¡m³ Xp-S-
§n-b Kp-]v-X Im-e-L-«w ap-XÂ am-{X-am-Wv
C-¶-s¯ A-tbm-²y-sb ]p-cm-hr-¯-¯n-se
cm-a-sâ A-tbm-²y-bp-am-bn _-Ô-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv.
A-tbm-²y-sb ]-cm-aÀ-in-¡p-¶ ap-{Z-I-tfm
\m-W-b-§-tfm H-¶pw C-Xp-h-sc A-hn-sS-\n-¶v
apl½-Zv K-kv\n
32
I-s@-¯n-bn-«n-Ã. _n. kn. c-@mw \q-äm-@n-sâ
A-h-km-\-¯n \n-¶pw F.Un. H-¶pw c-@pw
\q-äm-@p-I-fnÂ-\n-¶p-ap-Å A-tbm-²ym-\m-W-
b-§Ä (Ayodhya coins) F-¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp-¶ ]-e-X-
cw \m-W-b-§Ä \-½p-sS ]-¡-ep-s@-¦n-epw
A-h-bn-sem-¶pw A-tbm-²y F-¶ t]-cv A-S-
§n-bn-«n-Ã. D-Zm-l-c-W-¯n-\v, D-Ö-bn-\n(Ujjayini),
{Xn- ] p- c n(Thripuri), C-dm³(Eran), Iu- i w-
_n(Kaushambi), I-]n-e-h-kv-Xp(Kapilavatu),
hm- c - W m- k n (Varanasi), ssh- i m- e n (Vaisali),
\-f-µ(Nalanda) ap-X-em-b-h-bp-sS sF-Uân-än
(identity) ap-{Z-I-fp-sS-tbm \m-W-b-§-fp-sS-tbm
A-Sn-Øm-\-¯n Øm-]n-¡-s¸-«n-«p-@v. A-tbm-
²y-bn I-s@-¯n-b F.Un. H-¶mw \q-äm-@n-
se H-cp en-Jn-X-¯n ]p-jy-an-{X-ipw-K-bp-sS
(Pushyamitra Shunga) ]n³-Km-an-sb-¡p-dn-¨v ]-cm-
aÀ-in-¡p-¶p-s@-¦n-epw, cm-a-Z-i-c-Yn-bp-sS
A-tbm-²y-bp-sS sF-Uân-än sX-fn-bn-¡p-¶-Xn-
\v \m-W-b-§-tfm en-Jn-X-§-tfm k-lm-b-I-c-
am-Ip-¶n-Ã. th-@-{X J-\-\-hpw ]-cy-th-£-W-
hpw \-S-¯n-bn-«pw Kp-]v-X Im-e-L-«-¯n-\p-ap-t¶
cm-a-\v C-¶-s¯ A-tbm-²y-bp-am-bn _-Ô-ap-
t@m-sb-¶-Xv ]qÀ-®-\n-Ý-b-t¯m-sS D-d-¸p-h-
cp-¯m³ I-gn-bm-¯-Xv XoÀ-¯pw \n-cm-im-P-\-
I-am-Wv.
cm-a-N-cn-X-am-\-kw (Ramacharithamanas) ln-µn
kw-km-cn-¡p-¶ `q-hn-`m-K-§-fn cm-a-sâ I-Y
P-\-{]n-b-am-¡n-bn-«p-s@-¦n-epw A-h-[n(Awadhi)
`m-j-bn-se Cu C-Xn-lm-kw hmÂ-ao-In-bp-sS
cm-am-b-W-¯n-sâ kw-kv-Ir-X C-Xn-lm-k-s¯
A-Sn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bp-Å-Xm-Wv. b-YmÀ-° cm-ta-
Xn-lm-kw H-cp G-I-Xm-\-am-b(homogeneous)
c-N-\-b-Ã. B-Zyw A-Xv 6000 iv-tfm-I-§Ä D-Å
]-Zy-am-bn-cp-¶p. A-h ]n-¶o-Sv 12,000hpw H-Sp-hnÂ
24,000hpw iv-tfm-I-§-fm-bn D-bÀ-¯n. D-Å-S-¡-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-Å hn-aÀ-i-\m-ß-I-am-b H-cp ]
T-\w Im-Wn-¡p-¶-Xv cm-am-b-Ww \m-ev L-«-§-
fn-eq-sS I-S-¶p-t]m-sb-¶pw A-h-km-\-L-
«w(stratum) F. Un. ]-{´-@mw \q-äm-@n-em-
bn-cp-s¶-¶pw I-W-¡m-¡-s¸-Sp-¶p. A-Xn-sâ
G-ä-hpw B-Zy-L-«w (stratum) 400 _n. kn.bn-
tem a-täm B-b-Xn-\m kmw-kv-Im-cn-I-hpw
km-aq-ln-I-hp-am-b ]-cn-Wm-a-¯n-se \n-c-h-[n
L-«-§Ä cm-a-I-Y ]n-¶n-«n-«p-@v. F-¶n-cp-¶m-
epw Cu C-Xn-lm-kw(epic) {]-[m-\-am-Wv. Im-c-
Ww A-Xn hÀ-K-hn-`-Pn-X, ]p-cp-jm-[n-]-Xy,
`-c-W-Iq-Sm-[n-jvTn-X k-aq-lw Ir-Xy-am-bn N-en-
¡m³ th-@n {]-tXy-I s]-cp-am-ä¨ - «- §- Ä-¡p-Å
Nn-e hy-h-Ø-IÄ \n-Ý-bn-¨p-d-¸n-¡p-¶p-@v.
a-I³ ]n-Xm-hn-s\-bpw C-f-b k-tlm-Z-c³ aq-¯
k-tlm-Z-c-s\-bpw `m-cy `À-¯m-hn-s\-bpw A-
\p-k-cn-¡-W-sa-¶v C-Xv ]Tn-¸n-¡p-¶p. hn-hn-[
hÀ-®-§-sf-Ãmw A-hÀ-¡m-bn \n-Ý-bn-¨n-«p-Å
[Àa-§Ä \nÀ-_-Ô-am-bpw \nÀ-Æ-ln-¡-W-sa-
¶pw, hÀW/Pm-Xn [À-a-§-fn \n-¶v hy-Xn-N-
en-¡p-¶ A-h-k-c-§-fn-se-Ãmw A-hÀ \n-jv-I-
cp-Ww in-£n-¡-s¸-S-W-sa-¶pw C-Xv \n-jv-IÀ-
jn- ¡ p- ¶ p. `- c - W - I q- S w, hÀ- W - § Ä,
]p-cp-jm-[n-]-Xyw F-¶n-h F-Ãm Im-e-¯pw
\n-e-\nÂ-¡p-¶-Xv D-d-¸p-h-cp-¯m³ [À-a-¯n-
sâ A-\p-im-k-\-§Ä ]n-´p-S-c-W-sa-¶v cm-Pm-
h-S-¡w F-Ãm-h-tcm-Spw C-Xv B-Úm-]n-¡p-¶p.
hn-`o-j-W³, X-sâ tKm-{X-t¯m-Spw Ip-Spw-_-
t¯m- S p- a p- Å hn- i z- k v - X - X - b p- s S t]- c nÂ
[À-aw(Dharmma) F-¶v hn-fn-¡p-¶ Cu B-i-
b-kw-ln-X-bn-te-¡v am-\-km-´-c-s¸-Sp-¶p-@v.
Ip-Spw-_-_-Ô-§-sf A-Sn-Øm-\-am-¡n-bp-Å
H-cp k-aq-l-¯n-se Aw-K-§-sf H-cp-an-¨v \nÀ-
¯p-¶-Xn-\p-Å A-¶-s¯ G-ä-hpw {]-[m-\-s¸-«
_-Ô-t\m-]m-[n-bm-W-Xv. hmÂ-ao-In \nÀ-t±-in-
¨-Xn-\v k-am-\-am-b km-aq-ln-I-hpw kmw-kv-Im-
cn-I-hp-am-b s]-cp-am-ä-¨-«-§Ä ssP-\-·m-cp-tS-
bpw _p-²-·m-cp-tS-bpw {_m-Ò-W-·m-cp-tS-bpw
C-Xn-lm-k-§-fn-epw a-äv \m-tSm-Sn-¡-Y-I-fn-epw
Im-W-s¸-Sp-¶p. C-´y-bp-sS km-aq-ln-I-hpw
kmw-kv-Im-cn-I-hp-am-b N-cn-{X-¯n-se \n-b-a-§-
fpw hn-hn-[-L-«-§-fpw ]-e-X-cw {]-{In-b-I-fpw
a-\-Ên-em-¡p-¶-Xn-\v Cu km-ln-Xy-cq-]w XoÀ-
¨-bm-bpw {]-[m-\-am-Wv. F-¶m G-Xm-\pw
Nn-e kw-K-Xn-I-fn cm-P-Ip-am-c-·m-cp-sS-bpw
A-Xn ]-cm-aÀ-in-¨n-cn-¡p-¶ a-äv a-l-¯m-b
hy-àn-Xz-§-fp-sS-bpw ]p-cm-h-kv-Xp-h-Ip-¸nÂ-
\n-¶v A-h-cp-sS N-cn-{X-]-c-X Øn-co-I-cn-¡p-¶
sX-fn-hp-IÄ, en-Jn-X-§Ä, in-ev-]-`m-K-§Ä,
a-äv D-d-hn-S-§Ä F-¶n-h-bn-eq-sS am-{X-ta Øm-
]n-¡m³ I-gn-bq. \nÀ-`m-Ky-h-imÂ, ]u-cm-
Wn-I-]m-c-¼-cy-s¯-¡p-dn-¨p-Å ]T-\-{]-hÀ-¯-
\-§-fn GÀ-s¸-Sp-¶ Nn-e ]-Þn-X-·mÀ A-h-
Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶-Xp-t]m-se, 2000 _n-kn ap-XÂ
1800 _n-kn h-sc-bp-Å Im-e-L-«-¯n A-tbm-
²y-bn cm-a-Z-i-c-Yn Po-hn-¨n-cp-¶-Xn-sâ N-cn-
{X-]-c-X sX-fn-bn-¡m³ I-gn-bp-¶ X-c-¯n-ep-Å
H-¶pw C-Xp-h-sc-bpw \-½p-sS ]-¡-en-Ã.
ln-µp-a-X-hn-izm-k-¯n-sâ N-cn-{X-a-\p-k-cn-¨v
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
\n-e-hnÂ, ]-Xn-\m-dmw \q-äm-@p-
h-sc D-¯À-{]-tZ-in-sâ H-cp
`m-K-¯pw cm-a-t£-{X-§-sfm-
¶pw Im-W-s¸Sp-¶n-Ã. ]p-cm-
W-§-fn-se Nn-e `m-K-§-fnÂ
(Thirtha sections of Puranas) A-h-
bp-sS Kp-W-K-W-§Ä {]-IoÀ-
¯n-¡-s¸-« \n-c-h-[n XoÀ-°-
§--fpw XoÀ-°m-S-\-tI-{µ-§-fpw
D-@v. F-¶m B-dmw \q-äm-@v
ap-X-em-Wv ]p-cm-W-§-fn XoÀ-
°-am-lm-ßy-`m-Kw(Thirtha Mahat-
mya Section) {]-Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv.
H-cp-Im-e-¯v I-c-Iu-i-e-hn-Zy-bp-
sS-bpw, hm-Wn-Py-¯n-sâ-bpw,
\m-K-cn-I-am-b a-äp-{]-hÀ-¯n-I-fp-
sS-bpw tI-{µ-§-fm-bn-cp-¶
]p-cm-X-\ ]-«-W-§-fp-sS A-h-
in-ã-§-fn-em-Wv XoÀ-°m-S-\-tI-
{µ-§Ä H-cp-¡n-bn-«p-Å-Xv.
t\m-¡n-bmÂ, a-[y-Im-e-L-«-¯n-em-Wv A-tbm-
²y a-X-XoÀ-°m-S-\-tI-{µ-am-bn D-bÀ-¶p-h-¶n-
«p-Å-sX-¶v Im-Wmw. hn-jv-Wp-kv-ar-Xn(Vishnu
Smriti)bn-se 85þm-w A-²ym-b-¯n ]-«-W-§Ä,
X-Sm-I-§Ä, \-Zn-IÄ, ]À-h-X-§Ä F-¶n-h-bpÄ-
s¸-sS A-¼-¯n-c-@v XoÀ-°m-S-\ tI-{µ-§-fp-sS
]-«n-I Im-Wm-sa-¦n-epw A-tbm-²y A-XnÂ
DÄ-s¸-Sp-¶n-Ã. G-I-tZ-iw 300 F. Un.bnÂ
F-gp-Xn-sb-¶v I-W-¡m-¡-s¸-Sp-¶ Cu kv-ar-Xn-
bnÂ, XoÀ-°m-S-\-Ø-e-§(Thirthas)fp-sS B-Zy-
Im-e ]-«n-I A-S-§n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. \n-e-hnÂ,
]-Xn-\m-dmw \q-äm-@p-h-sc D-¯À-{]-tZ-in-sâ
H-cp `m-K-¯pw cm-a-t£-{X-§-sfm-¶pw Im-W-
s¸Sp-¶n-Ã. ]p-cm-W-§-fn-se Nn-e `m-K-§-fnÂ
(Thirtha sections of Puranas) A-h-bp-sS Kp-W-K-
W-§Ä {]-IoÀ-¯n-¡-s¸-« \n-c-h-[n XoÀ-°-
§--fpw XoÀ-°m-S-\-tI-{µ-§-fpw D-@v. F-¶mÂ
B-dmw \q-äm-@v ap-X-em-Wv ]p-cm-W-§-fnÂ
XoÀ-°-am-lm-ßy-`m-Kw(Thirtha Mahatmya Section)
{]-Xy-£-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. H-cp-Im-e-¯v I-c-Iu-i-e-
hn-Zy-bp-sS-bpw, hm-Wn-Py-¯n-sâ-bpw, \m-K-cn-I-
am-b a-äp-{]-hÀ-¯n-I-fp-sS-bpw tI-{µ-§-fm-bn-
cp-¶ ]p-cm-X-\ ]-«-W-§-fp-sS A-h-in-ã-§-
fn-em-Wv XoÀ-°m-S-\-tI-{µ-§Ä H-cp-¡n-bn-«p-Å-
Xv. \-K-c-hÂ-¡-c-W-¯n-sâ A-[x-]-X-\w Xp-S-
§n-b-t¸mÄ ]-«-W-§-fp-sS ]p-cm-X-\-am-b HmÀ-
a-IÄ \n-e-\nÀ-¯p-¶-Xn-\m-bn XoÀ-°m-S-\-tI-
{µ-§Ä Øm-]n-¨p.
hb-em-ä {]-kn-²o-I-cn-¡p-¶ BÀ.F-kv iÀ-a-bp-sS
"hÀKo-b N-cn-{Xhpw cma-sâ A-tbm-²ybpw' F-¶ hn-
hÀ-¯-\ ]p-kvX-Iw B-h-iy-ap-Å-hÀ _-Ô-s¸Sp-I
7558885282, 8330824005
33
sI.-k-l-tZ-h³

C ´y-bnse sXmgn \nb-a-§Ä

Ignª GXm\pw hÀj-§-fmbn
h³tXm-Xn- ]cn-jvI-c-W-§Ä¡v
hnt[-b-am-bn-s¡m-@n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv.
sXmgn \nb-a-§-fnse k¦oÀWX-IÄ ]cn-
l-cn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw im´-amb hyh-km-b-þ-sXm-
bn-cp-¯p-I-bmWv Chn-sS.

]pXnb sXmgn \nba t`Z-K-Xn-IÄ

gn taJe krjvSn-¡p-¶-Xn\pw th@n-bmWv
]pXnb sXmgn \nba ]cn-jvI-c-W-§-sf-
¶mWv `c-W-IqSw Ah-Im-i-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. 2014Â
tamZn Kh¬saâ v A[n-Imc--¯n h¶ thf-
bn Xs¶ "Cukv Hm^v UqbnwKv _nkn-\
kn'sâ t]cn sXmgn \nb-a-§fn IÀi-
\-amb t`ZKXnIÄ hcp-¯p-sa¶v {]Jym-
]n-¡p-I-bp-@m-bn. ]n¶o-Sn-t§m«v ]ethf-I-fn-
embn HmÀUn-\³kp-I-fn-eq-sSbpw aäpw ]e-hn-
[-¯n-epÅ \nbat`Z-K-Xn-Ifpw hcp-¯p-I-bp-
@m-bn. AXnsâ Gähpw HSp-hn-es¯ {iaw
am{X-amWv C¡-gnª sk]vXw-_À 23\v
]mÀe-saân sh¨v 3 te_À tImUp-IÄ
]mkm-¡-s¸-«-Xv. Cusbmcp ]Ým-¯-e-¯nÂ
]pXnb te_À tImUp-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨pw
Ah C´y-bpsS sXmgn taJ-esb F§s\
bmWv _m[n-¡p-hm³ t]mIp-¶-sX¶pw hne-
Fs´m-s¡?
sXmgnÂtaJ-e-bp-ambn _Ô-s¸« 44-Hmfw
kp{]-[m\ \nb-a-§fpw 100-Hmfw kwØm\
\nb-a-§-sfbpw \mev te_À tImUp-I-fmbn
Xncn¨v \nc-h[n t`Z-K-Xn-IÄ hcp-¯n-s¡m-
@mWv C¡-gnª sk]vXw-_À 23\v tI{µ
sXmgnÂhIp¸va{´n kt´mjv KmwKvhmÀ
temIvk-`-bn Ah-X-cn-¸n-¨-Xv.
]pXp-Xmbn Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ te_À tImUp-
IÄ Ch-bmWv: 1. Z tImUv Hm¬ thPkv 2019;
2. Z HIyp-t]-j-WÂ tk^vän, slÂXv Bâ v
hÀInwKv I@o-j³ tImUv 2020, 3. tkmjyÂ
skIyq-cnän tImUv 2020, 4. Z tImUv Hm¬
C³U-kv{Sn-b dnte-j³kv 2020.
CXn tImUv Hm¬ thPkv 2019 Xs¶
]mÀe-saâ v ]mkm¡n \nb-a-am-bn-¯oÀ¶-Xm-
Wv.
1999 HIvtSm-_À 15\v \ne-hn h¶, cho{µ
hÀa sNbÀam-\m-b, c@mw tZiob te_À
I½o-j³ 2002 Pq¬ 29\v \ÂInb dnt¸mÀ«nsâ

Ipcp-¡m-Ip¶
te_À tImUp-IÄ
2020 sk]vXw-_À 23\mWv ]mÀe-saâ n sh¨v 3 te_À tImUp-IÄ
]mkm-¡-s¸-«-Xv. ]pXnb te_À tImUp-Isf kw_-Ôn-¨pw Ah C´y-
bpsS sXmgn taJ-esb F§s\ _m[n-¡p-¶p F-¶-Xn-s\ kw-_-
Ôn¨pw hn-i-Ie-\w sN-¿p-¶p B-În-hn-Ìpw F-gp-¯p-Im-c-\pam-b te-JI³.

34 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
35
ASn-Øm-\-¯nemWv sXmgn \nb-a-§sf 4
hyXykvX tImUp-I-fmbn Xncn¨ncn-¡p-¶-sX-
¶mWv kÀ¡m-cnsâ hmZw.
ChnsS Hcp-Imcyw {]tXyIw {i²n-t¡-@-Xv,
]pXp-Xmbn X¿m-dm-¡n Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ te_À
tImUp-IÄ ]mÀe-saân Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡p¶
thf-bn ]mÀe-saânse {]Xn-]£ AwK-§Ä
Bcpw-Xs¶ D@m-bn-cp-¶nà F¶-Xm-Wv. sXm«-
Sp¯ Znh-k-§-fn ImÀjnI t`Z-KXn \nb-a-
§-fp-ambn _Ô-s¸«v 8Hmfw AwK-§sf cmPy-
k-`-bn \n¶v ]pd-¯m-¡n-b-Xn-s\-¯p-SÀ¶v
{]Xn-]£ AwK-§Ä k`m _ln-jvI-cWw
XpS-cp¶ thf-bn-emWv _n ]mÀe-saânÂ
Ah-X-cn-¸n-¡m³ tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ Xp\n-ª-Xv.
411 t¢mÊp-Ifpw 13 sjUyqfp-Ifpw AS-§nb
350 t]Pp-IÄ hcp¶ te_À tImUv _nÂ
2020 ]mkm-¡p-¶-Xn\v th@n 3 aWn-¡qÀ ka-
b-amWv ]mÀe-saân A\p-h-Zn-¡-s¸-«Xv F¶p-
IqSn ChnsS {i²n-t¡-@-Xp-@v.
]pXnb te_À tImUp-IÄ CÃm-Xm-
¡p-¶-sX-s´ms¡?
2019 ]mÀe-saân Ah-X-cn-¸n¨, ]mÀe-
saâ v Ìm³UnwKv I½än ]cn-tim-[n¨ _nÃnÂ
\n¶v ]qÀW-ambpw hyXy-kvX-amb H¶mWv
]pXp-Xmbn Ah-X-cn-¸n¨ _nÂ.
1946se ^mIvS-dokv BIvSv A\p-k-cn¨v
sshZypXn D]-tbm-Kn¨v {]hÀ¯n-¡p¶,
10 sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ tPmen sN¿p¶ Hcp
Øm]-\s¯ ^mIvSdn F¶v \nÀhNn-¡p-
¶p-@v. sshZypXn CÃm¯ Øm]-\-am-
sW-¦n AXv sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS F®w
20-h-sc. ]pXnb \nbaw A\pkcn¨v AXv
36
bYm-{Iaw 20, 40 Bbn DbÀ¯n-bn-cn-¡p-
¶p. CXn-\À°w 20, 40 sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ
tPmen sN¿p¶ Øm]-\-§Ä ^mIvSdn
BIvSn s]Snà F¶-Xm-Wv.
]pXnb te_À tImUv A\pkcn¨v 300Â
Xmsg sXmgnemfnIfpÅ Hcp kvYm]\w
AS¨p]q«p¶Xn\v kÀ¡mÀ A
\paXn tXtS@ BhiyanÃ. t\cs¯,
\qdne[nIw Poh\¡mcpÅ I¼
\nIÄ AS¨p]q«m³ kÀ¡mÀ A\
paXn tXtS@Xmbncp¶p. (Chapter IX &
X). Adp-]Xv Znh-k-§Ä¡Iw kÀ¡mÀ
A\p-aXn \ÂIp-¶Xv kw_-Ôn-¨-Im-cy-
§-fn {]Xn-I-cn-¨n-sÃ-¦n A\p-aXn \
ÂI-s¸-«-Xmbn Icp-Xm³ \nbaw A\p-h-Zn-
¡p¶p (Chapter IX, Clause 78).
sXmgn XÀ¡§Ä ]cnlcn¡p¶XnÂ
ap¼v hnhn[ t^md§sf B{ibn¡m-
sa¶ AhImiw FSp¯pIfbpIbpw
conciliation officer, tribunal F¶o
c@v t^md§Ä am{Xam¡n Npcp¡pI
bpw sNbvXp. (Chapter VII)
300 sXmgnemfnIÄ hsc tPmen sN¿p¶
I¼\nIÄ¡v AXnsâ sXmgnemfnIÄ¡v
kväm³UnwKv HmÀUdpIÄ BhiyanÃ.
(hymhkmbnI kvYm]\§fnÂ
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
tPmen sN¿p¶ sXmgnemfnIfpsS s]
cpam䨫§fmWv kväm³UnwKv HmÀU
dpIÄ.) (Clause 28)
XpeytPmen¡v XpeythX\w F¶ Ah-Im-
is¯ A«n-a-dn-¡p-¶p.
sXmgn-ep-S-a-IÄ¡v Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-¯n-
\-\p-k-cn¨v sXmgn-em-fn-Isf lbÀ Bâ v
^bÀ sN¿m-\pÅ Ah-Imiw ]pXnb
\nbaw Dd-¸m-¡p-¶p.
t{SUv bqWn-b³ {]hÀ¯-\-§Ä¡v XS-
bn-Sm³ Øm]-\-¯nse 51% sXmgn-em-fn-I-
fpsS ]n´pW Dd-¸p-h-cp-¯p¶ sXmgn-em-
fn kwL-S-\-IÄ¡v am{Xta Ah-cpsS
GP³kn Gsä-Sp-¡m-\pÅ A[n-Imcw
D@m-bn-cn-¡p-I-bpÅq F¶v \nbaw A\p-
im-kn-¡p-¶p. (Chapter III, Section 14).
sXmgn ka-cs¯ CÃm-Xm-¡p-¶-Xn\v
Iq« Imjz Ah[n FSp-¡p-¶-XnÂ
\n¶pw sXmgn-em-fn-Isf hne-¡p-¶p.
sXmgn kacw Bcw-`n-¡p-¶-Xn\v 14 Znh-
k-¯n\v ap¼v DS-abv¡v t\m«okv \ÂI-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
W-sa¶v FÃm Øm]-\-§-fnepw
\nÀ_-Ô-am-¡n. t\cs¯ sdbnÂsh,
t]mÌÂ, KXm-K-Xw, sSen-I-ayq-Wn-t¡-j³
t\m«nss^ sNbvX taJ-e-IÄ F¶n-hn-S-§-
fn am{Xta ap³IqÀ t\m«o-knsâ Bh
iyw D@m-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. (Sections 62&63).
"Øncw sXmgnÂ' F¶
ImgvN-¸m-Sn-s\-¯s¶ A{]-
k-à-am-¡p¶ coXn-bnÂ
\nÝnX Ime-b-f-hn-te¡v
am{X-ambn Bscbpw \nb-
an-¡m³ sXmgn-ep-S-a-IÄ¡v
A\p-hmZw \ÂIp-Ibpw
c@m-gvNs¯ am{Xw t\m«okv
\ÂIn ]ncn-¨p-hn-Sm³ kzmX-
{´yw \ÂIp-Ibpw sN¿p¶
coXn-bnemWv sXmgnÂ
\nb-a-§-fn t`Z-KXn hcp-
¯n-s¡m-@pÅ hnÚm-
]\w tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ Cd-¡n-
bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
37

sXmgn-en-S-§-fn kw`-hn-¡p¶ A]-
I-S-§Ä¡v ta sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ¡v
\jvS-]-cn-lmcw \ÂIp-¶-Xn \n
¶pw sXmgn-ep-S-a-Isf c£n-¡p-¶p.
sXmgn kabw ]{´@v aWn-¡qÀ
hsc-bm¡n DbÀ¯n.
sXmgn-ep-S-a-I-fpsS Bh-iy-¯n-\-\p-
k-cn¨v IcmÀ sXmgn-em-fn-Isf \nb-an-
¡p-hm-\pÅ Ah-Im-iw.
]gbIme te_À C³kvs]-
IvSÀamcpsS XkvXnI "C³kvs]-IvSÀ
Iw ^kn-en-tä-äÀ' F¶m¡n amän.
(Chapter VII)
1961se A{]âokv BIvSv {]Imcw
A{]âokv Imem-h[n Hcp hÀj-ambn
\nÝ-bn-¨n-cp-¶Xv Xncp-¯n-. C\n-ap-
XÂ sXmgn-ep-S-abv¡v F{X-Imew
thW-sa-¦nepw Hcp hyànsb A{]
âo-kmbn sXmgn-se-Sp-¸n-¡mw. (Chapter
VII)
]pXnb \nb-a-¯n ]pXp-Xmb Nne
sXmgn-emfn hn`m-K-§-sf-¡qSn DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-
bn-cn-¡p-¶p-@v. "KnKv hÀt¡Àkv ', (Section
2(35) "¹mävt^mw hÀtIÀkv '(Section 2(60),
"A¬-HmÀK-ss\kvUv hÀtIÀkv ' (Section
2(86) F¶n-h-cm-Wn-hÀ. sXmgn-emfn t£a-
]-²-Xn-I-fn Ch-sc-¡qSn DÄs¸-Sp-¯n-bn-
cn-¡p¶p F¶Xv {]Xy-£-¯n KpW-
I-c-ambn tXm¶m-sa-¦nepw ta¸-dª
sXmgn hn`m-K-§-fpsS F®w IqSp-sa-
¶-Xnsâ kqN-\-bm-W-Xv. bYmÀ°-¯nÂ
AØnc sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ F¶ {]tXyI sX-
mgnemfn hn`m-K-¯nsâ hÀ²-\hv kÀ¡mÀ
ap³Iq«n ImWp-¶p-sh-¶À°w
sXmgn-em-fn-Isf F§-s\-sbms¡
_m[n¡pw
"Cukv Hm^v UqbnwKv _nkn-\kv'(Ease of
doing Business)
F¶Xv km¼-¯nI hfÀ¨
iàn-s¸-Sp-¯m-s\¶ t]cn temI-_m¦pw
A´m-cmjv{S \mW-b-\n-[nbpw apt¶m-«p-sh¨
38
X{´-am-Wv. Cu hfÀ¨m aqe-X-{´-¯n\v A\p-
cq-]-am-Ip¶ \ne-bn cmjv{S-§Ä X§-fpsS
sXmgn taJ-e-bnse \nb-{´-W-§Ä ]cn-
jvI-cn-t¡-@-Xm-sW¶v ta¸-dª Øm]-\-
§Ä Bh-iy-s¸-Sp-¶p. hym]m-c-þ-hy-h-kmb
taJ-e-I-fnse hfÀ¨ e£yw sh¨p-sIm@v
temI-¯nse 115-Hmfw cmPy-§Ä C¯-c-¯n-
epÅ \nb-{´-W-§Ä ]cn-jvI-cn-¨-Xmbn
temI-_m¦v dnt¸mÀ«v km£y-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶p
(Doing Business 2020, Comparing Business Regulation
190 Countries, World Bank,). C´ym Kh¬saâpw
cmPy¯v \ne-hn-epÅ 44-Hmfw ASn-Øm\
sXmgn \nb-a-§sf \mev hyXykvX tImUp-
I-fm¡n Xncn¨v (Labour Codes) sXmgn-emfn
hncp² hyh-Ø-IÄ DÄt¨À¯p-sIm@v t`Z-
KXn sNbvXn-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. Akw-L-SnX taJ-
e-I-fn Gähpw IqSp-X sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ
tPmen sN¿p¶ Hcp cmPy-sa¶ \ne-bn an
\naw thX-\w DbÀ¯-W-sa¶ Bh-iys¯
]qÀWambpw XÅn-¡-f-ªp-sIm-@mWv Cu
\nb-a t`Z-K-Xn-IÄ ]mkm-¡-s¸-«-Xv. Ipdª
thX\w 375 cq] apXÂ 447 cq]-hsc Bbn
DbÀ¯-W-sa¶v A\q]v kXv]Xn A²y-£-
\m-bpÅ hnZKv² kanXn 2019 s^{_p-hcn
amk-¯n tI{µ kÀ¡m-cn-\v kaÀ¸n¨
dnt¸mÀ«n Bh-iy-s¸-«n-cp-¶p. F¶mÂ
"Cukv Hm^v UqbnwKv _nkn-\-knÂ' am{Xw
{i² tI{µo-I-cn¨ncp¶ tI{µ kÀ¡m-cn\v
\mev]-Xn Xmsg sXmgn-
em-fn-IÄ tPmen sN¿p¶
Øm]-\-§sf sXmgnÂ
\nb-a-]-cn-[n-bn \n¶v Hgn-
hm-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ
\nbat`Z-KXn sXmgnÂ
taJ-e-bn henb kwLÀj-
§Ä krjvSn-¡m³ t]m
¶-Xm-Wv. 1961se A{]âokv
BIvSv {]Imcw A{]âokv
Imem-h[n Hcp hÀj-ambn
\nÝ-bn-¨n-cp-¶Xv Xncp-¯n-
b-Xn-eqsS sXmgn-ep-S-abv¡v
F{X-Imew thW-sa-¦nepw
Hcp hyànsb A{]âo-
kmbn sXmgn-se-Sp-¸n-¡m-
sa¶ Ah-Øbpw kwPm-X-
am-bn-«p-@v.
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
hnZKv² kanXn dnt¸mÀ«v \S-¸n-em-¡p-¶-XnÂ
H«pw XmÂ]-cy-ap-@m-bn-cp-¶n-söv an\naw
thX\w kw_-Ôn¨ sXmgn hIp¸v a{´m-
e-b-¯nsâ \ne-]m-Sn \n¶v hyà-am-Ip-¶p.
tI{µ Kh¬saâ v 2019Â ]pd-¯n-d-¡nb an
\naw thPkv BIvSv A\p-k-cn¨v Hcp sXmgn-
em-fn-bpsS Gähpw Ipdª {]Xn-Zn\ thX\w
178 cq]-bm-Wv. AXm-bXv Hcp sXmgn-em-fn-bpsS
{]Xn-amk thX\w 4628 cq]-am{Xw! an\naw
thX-\-¯n 25% hÀ²-\-sb-¦nepw Bh-iy-
am-sW¶ kp{]ow tImSXn hn[n-sb-t¸mepw
XÅn-¡-f-ªmWv Cu {]Jym-]-\w. F¶mÂ
Cu Ime-b-f-hnse `£y hkvXp-¡-fn-t·epw
aäv D]-t`màr km[-\-§-fnt·epw DÅ hne
hÀ²-\hv 15% apX 39% hsc-bm-sW-¶Xv
sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS Pohn-Xm-h-Ø-Isf IqSp-
XÂ Zpcn-X-¯n-em-gv¯p-¶-Xm-Wv. \ne-hn-epÅ
D]-t`màr hne kqNn-I-bn-epÅ hÀ²-\hv
IqSn ]cn-K-Wn-¨p-sIm@v sXmgn-se-Sp-¡p-¶-h-
cpsS ASn-Øm\ hcp-am\w 18,000 apXÂ 20,000
hsc-bmbn DbÀt¯-@-Xp-s@¶ Ggmw i¼-
f-¡-½o-jsâ \nÀt±iw kÀ¡mcnsâ ]cn-K-
W-\-bnÂt¸mepw s]«n-«n-Ã.
aps¼ kqNn-¸n-¨-Xp-t]mse 44 \nb-a-§-fn-
embn ]c-¶p-In-S¶ sXmgn kpc-£-bp-ambn
_Ô-s¸« \nb-a-§sf thX-\w, kmaq-lnI
kpc-£, hymh-km-bnI kpc-£bpw t£a-hpw,
hymh-km-bnI _Ô-§Ä F¶n-§s\ 4
te_À tImUp-IÄ¡v Iogn GtIm-]n-¸n-¨p-
sIm-@mWv ]pXnb sXmgn \nba t`Z-KXn
tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ \S-¸n-em-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
sXmgn-em-fn-I-fpsS thX-\w, kmaqly kpc£
XpS-§nb taJ-e-I-fn I¼-\n-IÄ¡v A\p-
Iq-e-amb \S-]-Sn-IÄ kzoI-cn-¨p-sIm-@mWv
]pXnb \nba t`Z-K-Xn-IÄ kÀ¡mÀ \S-¸n-em-
¡n-bn-«p-Å-Xv. AXn-t\-s¡m-sfms¡ {][m-\-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
am-bn-cn-¡p¶ asämcp Imcyw "Øncw sXmgnÂ'
F¶ ImgvN-¸m-Sn-s\-¯s¶ A{]-k-à-am-
¡p¶ coXn-bn \nÝnX Ime-b-f-hn-te¡v
am{X-ambn Bscbpw \nb-an-¡m³ sXmgn-ep-S-
a-IÄ¡v A\p-hmZw \ÂIp-Ibpw c@m-gvNs¯
am{Xw t\m«okv \ÂIn ]ncn- ¨ p- h n- S m³
kzmX{´yw \ÂIp- I bpw sN¿p¶ coXn-
bnemWv sXmgn \nb-a-§-fn t`Z-KXn hcp-
¯n-s¡m-@pÅ hnÚm-]\w tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ
Cd-¡n-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
\mev]-Xn Xmsg sXmgn-em-fn-IÄ tPmen
sN¿p¶ Øm]-\-§sf sXmgn \nb-a-]-cn-
[n-bn \n¶v Hgn-hm-¡p¶ Xc-¯n-epÅ
\nbat`Z-KXn sXmgn taJ-e-bn henb
kwLÀj-§Ä krjvSn-¡m³ t]m¶-Xm-Wv.
1961se A{]âokv BIvSv {]Imcw A{]âokv
Imem-h[n Hcp hÀj-ambn \nÝ-bn-¨n-cp-¶Xv
Xncp-¯n-b-Xn-eqsS sXmgn-ep-S-abv¡v F{X-Imew
thW-sa-¦nepw Hcp hyànsb A{]âo-kmbn
sXmgn-se-Sp-¸n-¡m-sa¶ Ah-Øbpw kwPm-X-
am-bn-«p-@v. 1965se t_mWÊv \nb-aw, 1970se
IcmÀ sXmgn-emfn \ntcm-[\ \nb-aw, 1972 se
{Kmäyp-hnän \nbaw F¶nhbn IÀi\-amb
]cn-jvIm-c-§Ä GÀs¸-Sp-¯n-s¡m@pw 1936se
t]bvsaâ v Hm^v thPkv BIvSv, 1948se an
\naw thPkv BIvSv, 1976se CuIz sdayp-
W-td-j³ BIvSv F¶nh d±p-sN-bvXp-sIm
@pw sXmgn taJ-esb ]qÀ®-ambpw \nb-
{´-Wc - l
- n-Xa
- m¡n amäp-Ib
- mWv tI{µ kÀ¡mÀ
sNbvXn-«p-Å-Xv.
(]p-Xnb sXmgn \nbaw kw_-Ôn¨
]pkvXIw "Ipcp-¡m-Ip¶ te_À tImUp-IÄ'
]n.- U n.- F ^v e`n- t ¡- @ - h À _Ô- s ¸- S p-
I-þ8547698740)
39
-tPm-Wn Fw FÂ
i ¦
- c
- m-`c
- W
- w H-cp kw-`h
- a
- m-bn-cp-¶p.
1980 B-Wv hÀ-jw. kn-\n-am-kw-
hn-[m-b-I³ tPm-jn-bp-sS ]n-Xm-
hn-sâ D-S-a-Ø-X-bn-ep-Å "hÀ-
¡-e hm-kp'kn ¢m-kv kn-\n-am Xntb-ä-dn-em-Wv
i-¦-cm-`-c-Ww I-fn-¨-Xv. "tI-«-hÀ tI-«-hÀ h-c-hp-
Xp-S-§n, t_m-«p-I-fn-¸-¯n-\-g-In-sem-cp-§n'
F-s¶m-cp ]-g-b I-hn-X-bp-@v. A-Xp-t]m-se-bm-
bn-cp-¶p i-¦-cm-`-c-W-¯n-sâ Im-cy-hpw. tI-«-hÀ
tI-«-hÀ h-¶p ]-d-ªp Im-tW-@ kn-\n-a. A-¶v
ap³-IqÀ _p-¡n-§n-Ã. ]-¯p-In-tem-ao-äÀ bm-{X
sN-bv-Xp t]m-bm Sn-¡-äv In-«n-bn-sÃ-¦n sh-
dp-sX-bm-Ipw bm-{X. A-§-s\ c-@m-gv-N-tbm-fw
ap-Ån-t·Â \n-¶ ti-jw BÄ-¯n-c-¡v Ip-d-
sª-¶ hmÀ-¯ tI-« ho-«p-ImÀ h-en-sbm-cp
kw-L-am-bn i-¦-cm-`-c-Ww Im-Wm³ t]m-bn.
kn-\n-am Im-Wpw ap³-]v X-s¶ tkm-a-bm-P-ep-hpw
a-Rv-Pp `mÀ-K-hn-bp-sam-s¡ ]-cn-Nn-X-am-b t]-cp-
IÄ B-bn-¡-gn-ªn-cp-¶p. H-¸w i-¦-cm.. F-¶v
Xp-S-§p-¶ ]m-«p ]m-Sn-b B-fn-sâ t]-cpw; F-kv
]n _m-e-kp-{_-Ò-Wyw.
I-@p I-@m-Wv Cu I-S-en-{X h-ep-Xm-b-sX-
¶p ]-d-bp-¶-Xv t]m-se tI-«v tI-«m-Wv F-kv
]n _m-e-kp-{_-Ò-Wyw a-\-Ên C-{X h-ep-Xm-
bXv. i-¦-cm-`-c-Ww F-¶ kn-\n-a-bv-¡v ]-e
{]-tXy-I-X-I-fpw D-@v. H-¶m-a-Xm-bn A-Xv `-c-X-
\m-Sy-s¯ P-\-Io-b-am-¡n. c-@m-a-Xm-bn h-tc-
Wy-am-bn-cp-¶ IÀ-Wm-S-I kw-Ko-X-s¯ \m-«p-
ImÀ-s¡m-s¡ ]m-Sm-hp-¶ hn-[-¯n A-gn-¨p
]-Wn-ªp. sI hn a-lm-tZ-h³ F-¶ kw-Ko-X-
kw-hn-[m-b-I-\v IÀ-Wm-S-I kw-Ko-Xw ap-dp-¡n-
s¡-«n-b ]-e-Xn-s\-bpw H-¶v A-b-¨p hn-tS-@-tX
D-@m-bn-cp-¶p-Åq. A-Xv P-\-§Ä G-sä-Sp-¯p.
F-kv ]n _n
A-\p-`-hw
kwKo-X-t{]-anI-sf Xo-cm-Zp-J-¯n-emgv¯n Cu-bn-sS hn-S-]-d-ª {]-ikv-X sX-¶n-
´y³ N-e-¨n-{X-Km-b-I³ Fkv ]n _m-e-kp-{_-lv-a-Wy-¯n-sâ ]m-«p-Po-hnX-s¯
A-\p-kv-a-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv {]-ikv-X BÀ-«v {In-«n¡v.
40
BZcmRvPen
kn-Ôp-ss`-c-hn-bn "X-¦-ta \o-bpw X-an-gv
]m-«pw ]m-Sv' F-¶v Nn-{X-bv-¡v tZ-io-b A-hmÀ-
Uv hm-§n-¨p-sIm-Sp-¡p-¶ ]m-«v C-f-b-cm-P H-cp-
¡m³ C-\n-bpw A-©p h-À-jw I-gn-bpw. Nn-{Xw
F-¶ {]n-b-ZÀ-i³ kn-\n-a h-cm³ ]n-s¶-bpw
F-«p h-Àjw I-gn-bpw. IÀ-Wm-S-I kw-Ko-X-s¯
D-S-¨p hmÀ-¯ k-Rv-P-bv kp-{_-lva-Wy-hpw
Sn.Fw Ir-jv-W-bpw cw-K-¯p-h-cm³ ]n-s¶-bpw
hÀ-j-§Ä F-Sp-¡pw. A-hÀ-s¡m-s¡ ap-t¶m-
Sn-bm-bn-cp-¶p i-¦-cm-`-c-Ww, ]-e X-e-§-fnÂ.
i-¦-cm-`-c-W-¯n-se i-¦-cm..F-¶v Xp-S-§p-¶
Km-\-am-Wv h-f-sc ln-äm-b-Xv. ]n-¶o-Sv A-Xn-sâ
Np-h-Sv ]n-Sn-¨p ]-e-Km-\-§-fpw D-@m-bn. km-K-
c-kw-K-a-¯n-se "X-In-S Xm-Pn-an X-´m-\' F-¶
Km-\w t]m-epw A-Xn-sâ N-Sp-e-X-bn hmÀ-¯-
Xm-Wv. ]m-Sp-¶-tXm F-kv ]n _m-e-kp-{_-lva-
Wy-hpw. km-K-c-kw-K-a-¯n-\p a-säm-cp {]-tXy-
I-X-bp-@v. I-a-e-lm-ksâ a-I-fm-bn A-`n-\-bn
¡p-¶-Xv F-kv ]n ssi-e-P-bm-Wv. Km-bn-I-bpw
A-`n-t\-{Xn-bpw F-kv ]n _m-e-kp-{_-lva-Wy-
¯n-sâ k-tlm-Z-cn-bpw. A-t¸m-tg-bv-¡pw F-kv
]n _n a-e-bm-fn-I-fp-sS C-ã-Km-b-I³ B-bn-¡-
gn-ªn-cp-¶p; Ip-Spw-_-Nn-{Xw A-dn-ªp sh-bv-
¡m³ t]m-cp-¶ co-Xn-bnÂ. i-¦-cm F-¶ Km-\-
¯n-\v H-cp {]-tXy-IX - b
- p-@v. A-Xv jbn-em-tWm,
ibn-em-tWm, kbn-em-tWm Xp-S-§p-¶-sX-¶v
A-dn-bm³ I-gn-bm-¯ hn-[-¯n B kn-e-_n-
fp-IÄ-¡v C-S-bn-em-bn-cp-¶p D-¨m-c-Ww. F-kv
]n _m-e-kp-{_-lva-Wy-¯n-\p am-{Xw I-gn-bp-¶
H-¶v. A-Xm-bn-cp-¶p F-kv ]n _n-bp-sS {]-tXy-
I-X. G-Xp `m-j-bn-epw ]m-Sm³ I-gn-bp-¶ hn-
[-¯n A-£-c-§-sf ip-²-s¸-Sp-¯m-\p-Å
I-gn-hv.
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
F-kv ]n _m-e-kp-{_-Ò-Wyw
A-£-c-ip-²n-bp-sS Im-cyw ]-d-bp-t¼mÄ
tb-ip-Zm-kn-s\ HmÀ-a-h-cpw a-e-bm-fn-IÄ-¡v.
A-£-c-ip-²n hy-à-am-Ip-¶-Xv D-¨m-c-W kv-
^p-S-X-bn-em-Wv. F-¶m D-¨m-c-kv-^p-S-X G-dn-
t¸m-bm `m-j ]p-kv-X-I-¯n-te-Xm-Ipw. P-\-
Io-b-hpw P-\-{]n-b-hp-am-b kn-\n-am-kw-Ko-Xw
a-s®m-en-¸m-«p-I-fm-Wv. A-h-bp-sS `m-j \m-K-
cn-I-hpw {Km-ay-hpw \m-tSm-Sn-bp-sam-s¡ B-Ip-
t¼m-gpw a-\p-jy-sâ s]m-Xp-A-\p-`-h-§-fp-am-bn
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
_-Ô-s¸-« D-¨m-c-W-s¯-bm-Wv tX-Sp-¶-Xv.
tb-ip-Zm-kn-\p ln-µn-bn Xp-S-cm³ I-gn-bm-¯-
Xn-\v Im-c-Ww A-t±-l-¯n-sâ D-¨m-c-W-ip-²n-
bpw A-£-c-kv-^p-S-X-bpw X-s¶-bm-bn-cp-¶p.
A-Xv `m-j-sb H-cp Np-h-Sv P-\-§-fn \n-¶v
am-än kw-kv-Ir-Xo-I-cn-¨p. A-Xn-s\ a-dn-I-S-¶
sX-¶n-´y³ Km-b-I³ F-kv ]n _m-e-kp-{_-
Ò-Wyw B-bn-cp-¶p. kv-ssä-sse-kv-Uv B-bn
ln-µn ]-d-bp-¶ kÂ-am³ Jm-\v ]-än-b kz-c-am-
41
bn F-kv ]n _n am-dn. a-Wn-¨n-{X-¯m-gv F-¶
Nn-{Xw ln-µn-bn `qÂ-`p-e-¿ F-¶ t]-cnÂ
{]n-b-ZÀ-i³ do-ta-¡v sN-bv-X-t¸mÄ ta-cn kw-Kv
tUmÂ-\m F-¶ Km-\-¯n H-cp `m-Kw Fw Pn
{io-Ip-amÀ ]m-Sn. ]-t£ A-Xn-sâ Iu-Xp-Iw
am-än-\nÀ-¯n-bm t_m-fn-hp-Uv cw-Kw Fw Pn
{io-Ip-am-dn-s\ ]n-¶o-Sv D-]-tbm-Kn-¨n-Ã F-¶-Xm-
Wv h-kv-Xp-X.
tb-ip-Zm-kn-s\ i-Ð-am-[p-cn-bp-sS am-\-I-am-bn
I-@n-cp-¶ sX-¶n-´y³ N-e-¨n-{X cw-K-t¯-bv-
¡m-Wv F-kv ]n _m-e-kp-{_-Ò-Wyw I-S-¶p
h-cp-¶-Xv. F-¶m tb-ip-Zm-kn-\p C-Ãm-Xn-cp-¶
`m-jm-h-g-¡w h-f-sc th-Kw F-kv ]n _n-sb
sX-t¡-bn-´y-bn-se h-f-sc i-à-am-b aq-¶p
kn-\n-am hy-h-km-b-ta-J-e-IÄ (X-an-gv, I-¶-U,
sX-ep-Kv) G-sä-Sp-¡p-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. F¬-]-Xp-
I-fm-Wv ]nÂ-¡m-e-¯v sX-t¡ C-´y³ kq-¸À
Ìm-dp-I-fm-bn h-fÀ-¶ I-aÂ-lm-k³, c-P-\o-Im-
´v, Nn-c-Rv-Po-hn, \m-KmÀ-Pp-\, sh-¦n-tS-jv Xp-
S-§n-b-h-sc ap-t¶m-«v sIm-@p-h-cp-¶-Xv. {]-W-b-
kn-\n-a-I-fpw {]-Xn-Im-c kn-\n-a-I-fp-am-bn-cp-¶p
{]-[m-\w. Cu \-S-·mÀ-s¡-Ãmw ]-än-b kz-c-am-bn
F-kv ]n _n am-dn. F-¶v am-{X-a-Ã A-´À-kw-
Øm-\ kn-\n-am U-ºn-§n \m-b-I I-Ym-
]m-{X-§Ä-¡v U-ºv sN-¿m-\pw F-kv ]n _n-bp-
sS kz-cw D-]-tbm-K-s¸-«p. ln-µn-bn-te-¡v F-kv
]n _n-bp-sS bm-{X Ip-td-¡q-Sn F-fp-¸-am-b-Xv,
sX-ep-Kp kn-\n-a-I-fpw ln-µn kn-\n-a-I-fpw F¬-
]-Xp-I-fn D-@m-bn-cp-¶ i-à-am-b sIm-Sp-¡Â
hm-§-ep-I-fm-bn-cp-¶p. ln-µn-bn F¬-]-Xp-I-
fn-se kq-¸À Ìm-dpw Pw-]n-Mv Pm-¡v F-¶-dn-b-
s¸-«-h-\p-am-b Pn-tX-{µ-bp-sS kn-\n-a-I-sf-Ãmw
sX-ep-Kp do-ta-¡p-I-tfm B-{Ôm-{]-tZ-in jq-
«v sN-bv-X-h-tbm B-bn-cp-¶p. Im-c-Ww A-h-bp-
sS \nÀ-am-Xm-¡-fpw kw-hn-[m-b-I-cpw sX-ep-¦-
·mÀ B- b n- c p- ¶ p. tb- i p- Z m- k n- \ p c- h o- { µ
P-bn-s\-t¸m-ep-Å Nn-e kw-Ko-X kw-hn-[m-b-IÀ
H-gn-¨m h-en-b ]n-´p-W ln-µn-bn e-`n-¨-Xp-
an-Ã.
F-kv ]n _n-bp-sS sX-¶n-´y³ A-c-t§-äw
A-{X kp-K-a-am-bn-cp-¶p F-¶v ]-d-bm³ I-gn-bp-
I-bn-Ã. X-an-gv kn-\n-a-bp-sS kw-Ko-X-kz-`m-hw
F-¶-Xv IÀ-Wm-S-I kw-Ko-X-s¯-bpw ln-µp-
Øm-\n kw-Ko-X-s¯-bpw B-{i-bn-¨p-Å-Xm-bn-
cp-¶p. ln-µn kn-\n-a-bn-se ln-äv Km-\-§-fp-sS
Syq-Wp-I-sf A-ev-]w Nn-e hy-Xym-k-§-tfm-sS
X-an-gv kn-\n-a D-]-tbm-Kn-¨n-cp-¶p. A-Xv sk-¡p-
eÀ I-Y-IÄ-¡m-bn-cp-¶p. F-¶m ]p-cm-W-I-
Y-IÄ h-cp-t¼mÄ ]qÀ-Wam-bpw l-cn-I-Y, `-P-
\w, IÀ-Wm-S-I kw-Ko-Xw C-h-sb B-Wv
B-[m-c-am-¡n-bn-cp-¶-Xv. C-Xn-\v H-cp am-äw h-cp-
¶-Xv ]m-Ým-Xy HmÀ-¡-kv-t{S-j-\pw \m-tSm-Sn
kw-Ko-X co-Xn-I-fpw H-tc-t]m-se A-dn-bm-am-bn-
cp-¶ C-f-b-cm-P cw-K-¯v h-cp-t¼m-gm-Wv. Fw
F-kv hn-iz-\m-Y³, sI hn a-lm-tZ-h³ kv-Iq-
fp-I-fn \n-s¶m-cp am-ä-am-bn-cp-¶p A-Xv. A-h-
cp-sS {]n-b-¦-c-\m-bn-cp-¶ Km-b-I³ a-te-jym
hm-kp-tZ-h³ B-bn-cp-¶p. Fw Pn BÀ, in-hm-Pn
K-tW-i³ ap-X-em-b sa-Km Ìm-dp-I-fp-sS kz-c-
42
am-bn-cp-¶p a-te-jy hm-kp-tZ-h³. A-t±-l-¯n-
sâ kz-c-¯n \n-¶v Xn-I-¨pw am-ä-ap-Å H-cp
kz-c-am-bn-cp-¶p F-kv ]n _n-bp-tS-Xv.
i-¦-cm-`-c-W-¯n-\p ti-jw D-@m-b H-cp sa-
Km X-an-gv dn-eo-kv B-bn-cp-¶p k-I-e-I-em-
h-Ã-`³ (1981). C-f-b-cm-P kw-Ko-Xw \nÀ-h-ln-¨
Cu Nn-{X-¯n {]-[m-\-s¸-« c-@p ]m-«p-IÄ
]m-Sp-¶-Xv sXm-«p-ap-¼-s¯ hÀ-j-¯n {]-i-kv-
Xn-bp-sS sIm-Sp-ap-Sn-bn F-¯n-b F-kv ]n _n
B-bn-cp-¶n-Ã F-¶v Im-Wmw. "I-«-h-@n I-«-h-
@n Im-]m-¯ h-´-h-@n \m-epw sX-cn-ª
h-@n..' F-¶ ]m-«pw "\n-e-¡m-bp-Xv t\-cw \-Ã
t\-cw s\-©nÂ-¸m-b-Xv..' F-¶ Uyq-tb-äpw
]m-Sp-¶-Xv a-te-jy hm-kp-tZ-h-\m-Wv. A-Xn-se
]m-Ým-Xy kz-`m-h-ap-Å H-cp ]m-«v, "C-f-ssa
C-tXm C-tXm...' F-¶ ]m-«pw "s\-äv cm-Xn-cn
sb-½..' F-¶ ]m-«p-am-Wv F-kv ]n _n ]m-Sp-
¶-Xv. {I-ta-W a-te-jym hm-kp-tZ-hs\ am-än-
s¡m-@v F-kv ]n _n I-a-elm-k-\pw c-P-\n-
Im-´n\pw th-@n F-Ãm ]m-«p-I-fpw ]m-Sp
-¶-Xm-bn Im-Wmw. A-Xn hy-Xym-kw h-¶-Xv,
]m-«p ]Tn-¨n-cp-¶ I-a-elm-k-s\-s¡m-@v C-f-
b-cm-P Nn-e ]m-«p-IÄ ]m-Sn-¨n-cp-¶p F-¶ C-S-
¯v am-{X-am-Wv. 1986 -Â C-d-§n-b hn-{Iw F-¶
kn-\n-a-bp-sS ssS-än tkm-Mm-Wv I-a-e-lm-k³
]n-¶-Wn ]m-Sp-¶-Xv. ]n-¶o-Sv C-{µ³ N-{µ³
(1989 ), A-]qÀ-h k-tlm-Z-cÀ-IÄ (1989), ssa-
t¡Â a-Z-\-Im-a-cm-Pv (1990) Xp-S-§n-b Nn-{X-§-
fn-epw I-a lm-k³ ]m-Sn. ]-t£ A-Xn-ep-Å
an-¡-hm-dpw sdm-amân-Iv ]m-«p-IÄ-s¡-Ãmw F-kv
Fkv-]n-_n-bpsS A-tX kz-
cOm-b-bp-Å a-t\m F-¶
Km-b-I³ F¬-]-Xp-I-fp-sS
H-Sp-hn X-an-gv kn-\n-am-cw-K-¯v
k-Po-h-am-bn. I-a-em-lm-k-sâ
Nn-e kn-\n-a-I-fn A-`n-\-bn-
¡p-I-bpw (in-¦m-c-th-e³),
U-ºn-Mv BÀ-«n-Ìm-hp-I-bpw sN-
bv-Xp. F-kv ]n _n bp-sS {Sm-¡v
]m-Sn-s¡m-@m-Wv a-t\m cw-K-¯v
h-cp-¶-Xv. F-¶m F-kv ]n
_n a-t\m-bp-sS h-fÀ-¨-sb X-S-
ªn-Ã. a-e-bm-f-¯n tb-ip-
Zm-kn-\p {Sm-¡v ]m-Sn-b-h-cm-cpw
kz-´w I-cn-b-dn D-bÀ-¨-sb
I-@n-Ã F-¶pw ]-d-tb-@n-bn-
cn-¡p-¶p. D-®n-ta-t\m-\v H-cp
taÂ-hn-em-kw \Â-In-b-Xv X-an-gv
kn-\n-am-tem-Iw X-s¶-bm-W-
tÃm.
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
]n _n X-s¶-bm-Wv kz-cw \Â-In-bn-cp-¶-Xv.
t{]-am-`n-tj-Iw F-¶ t]-cn a-e-bm-f-¯nÂ
h-¶ hm-gvtham-bw (1982), Nn-¸n-¡pÄ-ap-¯v
(1985), ]p-¶-ssI a-¶³ (1986) Xp-S-§n-b kn-
\n-a-I-fn I-aÂ-lm-k-sâ i-Ð-am-bn F-kv
]n _n am-dn. C-tX Im-e-¯v C-d-§n-s¡m-@n-
cp-¶ c-P-\o-Im-´v Nn-{X-§-fn-epw F-kv ]n _n
X-s¶ \m-b-I-kz-c-am-bn D-bÀ-¶p. C-tX k-a-
b-¯p X-s¶ a-te-jym hm-kp-tZ-h-\pw C-S-bv-
¡n-sS C-h-cp-sS kz-c-am-bn h-¶p sIm-@n-cp-¶p.
D-Zm-l-c-W-¯n-\v ]p-¶-ssI a-¶-\n-se "am-am-
hp-¡v Ip-Sp-a Ip-Sp-a...' F-¶ ]m-«pw a-lm-ho-c-
\n-se "\o sIm-Sp-¯-sX Xn-cp-¸n-s¡m-Sp-s¸³
...'F-¶ ]m-«pw ]m-Sn-bn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv a-te-jy
hm-kp-tZ-h-\m-Wv. a-¶-\n-se "A-½-sb³ A-g-
¡m-sX D-b-cn-Ã-sb...' F-¶ Km-\w ]m-Sn-b-Xv
F-kv ]n _n-bv-¡v ]-I-cw tb-ip-Zm-kv B-bn-cp-
¶p. F-kv ]n _n X-sâ {]-i-kv-Xn-bp-sS D-b-c-
§-fn \nÂ-¡p-t¼m-gpw A-t±-l-¯n-\v sh-Ãp-
hn-fn-IÄ C-Ãm-bn-cp-¶p F-¶v I-cp-X-cp-Xv.
A-t±-l-¯n-sâ A-tX kz-cOm-b-bp-Å a-t\m
F-¶ Km-b-I³ F¬-]-Xp-I-fp-sS H-Sp-hnÂ
X-an-gv kn-\n-am-cw-K-¯v k-Po-h-am-bn. I-a-em-lm-
k-sâ Nn-e kn-\n-a-I-fn A-`n-\-bn-¡p-I-bpw
(in-¦m-c-th-e³), U-ºn-Mv BÀ-«n-Ìm-hp-I-bpw
sN-bv-Xp. F-kv ]n _n bp-sS {Sm-¡v ]m-Sn-s¡m-
@m-Wv a-t\m cw-K-¯v h-cp-¶-Xv. F-¶m F-kv
]n _n a-t\m-bp-sS h-fÀ-¨-sb X-S-ªn-Ã. a-e-
bm-f-¯n tb-ip-Zm-kn-\p {Sm-¡v ]m-Sn-b-h-cm-cpw
kz-´w I-cn-b-dn D-bÀ-¨-sb I-@n-à F-¶pw
]-d-tb-@n-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. D-®n-ta-t\m-\v H-cp taÂ-
hn-em-kw \Â-In-b-Xv X-an-gv kn-\n-am-tem-Iw
X-s¶-bm-W-tÃm.
1992 -Â C-d-§n-b tdm-P F-¶ a-Wn-c-Xv-\w
kn-\n-a ]-e AÀ-°-§-fn h-gn-Im-«n-bm-bn-cp-
¶p. C-f-b-cm-P kv-Iq-fn \n-¶v Xn-I-¨pw hy-
Xy-kv-X-am-b H-cp co-Xn-bm-Wv F BÀ d-Òm³
kw-Ko-X-¯n F-Sp-¯-Xv. i-Ð-§-sf-bpw km-
t¦-Xn-I-X-sb-bpw sh-tÆ-sd H-¶n-¸n-¡p-¶ ayq-
kn-Iv s{]m-U-£³ F-¶ co-Xn A-t±-lw kzo-
I-cn-¨p. Iq-Sm-sX tI-«p-]-cn-N-bn-¨ i-Ð-§-sf
am-{X-a-Ã D-]-tb-mKn-t¡-@-Xv F-¶v Xo-cp-am-\n-
¡p-I-bpw- sN-bv-Xp. A-§-s\ h-¶-t¸mÄ tdm-
P-bn A-t±-lw F-kv ]n _n (Im-X tdm-
Pm-th), D-®n ta-t\m³ (]p-Xp-sh-ssÅ a-ssg),
an-·n-\n (Nn-¶ Nn-¶ B-ssi) F-¶n-§-s\
\m-ep-t]-sc-bm-Wv D-]-tbm-Kn-¨-Xv. X-sâ F³-
skw-_n-fn-ep-Å A-t\-Iw Km-b-I-sc A-t±-lw
Xp-SÀ-¶p-Å kn-\n-a-I-fn ]-co-£n-¨p. A-tXm-
sS F-kv ]n _n bp-sS-bpw tb-ip-Zm-kn-sâ-bpw
H-s¡ taÂ-ss¡ A-ev] - w D-Sª
- p F-¶v th-Ww
I-cp-Xm³. F BÀ d-Òm-\v ti-jw X-an-gv kn-
\n-a-bn kw-Ko-X-cw-K-¯v h-¶ ]p-Xn-b X-e-ap-
d-bnÂ-s¸-« bp-hm³ i-¦À cm-P, A-\n-cp-²v
c-hn-N-µÀ, Un C-½³ Xp-S-§n-b kw-Ko-X kw-
hn-[m-b-I-cpw ]-c-¼-cm-K-X kw-Ko-X-\nÀ-am-W-
¯n \n-¶v am-dn Xn-I-¨pw ]-co-£-Wm-ß-I-
am-b kw-Ko-Xw \nÀ-an-¨p. ]p-Xn-b \q-äm-@nÂ
D-bÀ-¶p h-¶ ln-¸v-tlm-¸v, dm-¸v X-an-gv ]-Xn-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
a-e-bm-f-¯n \n-¶v hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b
H-cp kw-Ko-X-s¯ F-sâ h-fÀ-¨-bn-
ep-S-\o-fw \Â-In-b H-cmÄ F-kv
]n _n B-bn-cp-¶p. H-cp \-S-sâ
`m-hw A-dn-ªp ]m-Sm-\p-Å A-t±-
l-¯n-sâ I-gn-hv Kw-`o-c-am-bn-cp-¶p.
H-cp \-S-s\-¶ \n-e-bn Kp-W-bn-epw
(izm-kw ap-«p-Å s]m-eo-kv Hm-^n-kÀ)
tI-f-Sn I-×-Wn-bn-epw Im-X-e-\n-epw
H-s¡ Kw-`o-c-{]-I-S-\-am-Wv A-t±-lw
Im-gv-N-sh-¨-Xv. G-Xv X-c-¯n-ep-ap-Å
kw-Ko-X-hpw X-\n-bv-¡v h-g-§pw
F-¶v A-t±-lw sX-fn-bn-¨p (cm-a³
I-ssX tI-fp-¦Â, a-e-tc au-\-am,
izm-k-ta izm-k-ta, a-®n C-´
Im-XÂ, F-¶ k-¯w C-´ t\-cw,
h-f-tbm-sk, B-e-t¸mÄ th-e-t¸mÄ
B-ew hn-gp-Xp t]mÂ, \n-e-th ap-Jw
Im-«v A-§-s\ F-{X-tbm A-\-iz-c
Km-\-§Ä). ]-I-cw sh-bv-¡m³ a-säm-
cm-fn-Ãm-¯ H-cp Km-b-I³ t]m-bn.
H-cp kw-Ko-X-bp-Kw I-gn-ªp. Km-\-
§Ä ]-t£ A-\-iz-c-am-bn Xp-S-cpw.
¸p-IÄ, Z-fn-Xv ap-t¶-ä Km-\-§Ä, Iq-¯v, ]-d-bv
Xp-S-§n Z-fn-Xv kw-_-Ôn-bm-b kw-Ko-X im-J-
IÄ, kw-Ko-tXm-]-I-c-W-§Ä H-s¡-bpw C-hÀ
D-]-tbm-Kn-¡m³ Xp-S-§n. F-kv ]n _n {]-Xn-
\n-[o-I-cn-¨n-cp-¶ H-cp kw-Ko-X-]m-c-¼-cyw C-Ãm-
Xm-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-¶p. C-Xv a-e-bm-f-¯n-epw {]-I-S-
am-Ip-¶p-@v. A-tXm-sS ]-e {]-[m-\-Km-b-I-cpw
sS-en-hn-j³ dn-bm-en-än tjm-I-fn-te-bv-¡v tN-
t¡-dn-b-Xv Im-Wm-\m-Ipw. F-kv ]n _n-bpw Nn-e
]-cn-]m-Sn-I-fn C-§-s\ {]-Xy-£-s¸-«n-cp-¶p.
a-e-bm-f-¯n \n-¶v hy-Xy-kv-X-am-b H-cp
kw-Ko-Xs - ¯ Xsâ h-fÀ-¨b - n-ep-S\
- o-fw \Â-In-b
H-cmÄ F-kv ]n _n B-bn-cp-¶p. H-cp \-S-sâ
`m-hw A-dn-ªp ]m-Sm-\p-Å A-t±-l-¯n-sâ
I-gn-hv Kw-`o-c-am-bn-cp-¶p. H-cp \-S-s\-¶ \n-e-
bn Kp-W-bn-epw (izm-kw ap-«p-Å s]m-eo-kv
Hm-^n-kÀ) tI-f-Sn I-×-Wn-bn-epw Im-X-e-\n-epw
H-s¡ Kw-`o-c-{]-I-S-\-am-Wv A-t±-lw Im-gv-N-sh-
¨-Xv. G-Xv X-c-¯n-ep-ap-Å kw-Ko-X-hpw X-\n-bv-
¡v h-g-§pw F-¶v A-t±-lw sX-fn-bn-¨p (cm-a³
I-ssX tI-fp-¦Â, a-e-tc au-\-am, izm-k-ta
izm-k-ta, a-®n C-´ Im-XÂ, F-¶ k-¯w
C-´ t\-cw, h-f-tbm-sk, B-e-t¸mÄ th-e-
t¸mÄ B-ew hn-gp-Xp t]mÂ, \n-e-th ap-Jw
Im-«v A-§-s\ F-{X-tbm A-\-iz-c Km-\-§Ä).
]-I-cw sh-bv-¡m³ a-säm-cm-fn-Ãm-¯ H-cp Km-
b-I³ t]m-bn. H-cp kw-Ko-X-bp-Kw I-gn-ªp.
Km-\-§Ä ]-t£ A-\-iz-c-am-bn Xp-S-cpw.
43
A_vZpÄ djoZv sI.hn

h fsc Ipd- ¨ p- a m{Xw Fgp- X nb

anI¨ IYm-Ir-¯p-¡-fn H¶m-
a-Xmbn ]d-bm³ Ign-bp¶ t]
cmWv Fw.-\-µ-Ip-amÀ. IY-bnÂ
\n¶pw Pohn-X-¯n \n¶pw AIm-e-¯nÂ
hnc-an¨ Nne \Ã IYm-Ir-¯p-¡sf ChnsS
]cn-K-Wn-¨n-«n-Ã.
Ipd¨v Fgp-Xp-¶Xpw \Ã IY-IÄ am{Xw
Fgp-Xp-¶-Xp-t]mse {][m-\-s¸-s«mcp Imcy-am-
Wv. ae-bmf kmln-Xy-t¯mSpw hmb-\-¡m-tcm-
Sp-apÅ kvt\lm-Z-c-§Ä Xs¶-bm-bn-cn-¡Ww
[mcm-f-sa-gp-Xp-¶-Xn \n¶pw Nne Fgp-¯p-
Imsc XS-bp-¶-Xv. AÃmsX IY-IÄ Is@-
¯m³ Ign-bm-¯-tXm, aSntbm, Aku-I-cy-
§tfm H¶p-am-bn-cn-¡n-Ã.
Fw.-\-µ-Ip-am-dnsâ IY-IÄ \µ-Ip-am-dn\v
am{Xw Fgp-Xm³ Ign-bp¶ IY-I-fm-Wv. A
F¶ ivaim-\-¯nse \mcIw At±-l-¯nsâ
Hcp IY-bpsS t]cm-sW-¦nepw A¯-c-¯n-
epÅ sIm¯p-]-Wn-IÄ \µ-Ip-am-dnsâ Fgp-
¯n- e p- S - \ ofw A\p- ` - h n- ¡ m³ Ign- b pw.
Hmtcmtcm hmIy-hpw ]e-t¸mgpw Hmtcmtcm
inÂ]-§-fm-bn-¯o-cp-¶p. aqt¶m \mtem
hm¡p-IÄ tNÀ¯p-sh-¨p-sIm@v Hcp inev
]w ]Wn-bp-¶Xv hmb-\-¡m-c³ AXn-i-bm-Z-c-
thmsS A\p-`-hn-¨-dn-bp-¶p.
ss[j-Wn-I-ambn Du«p¶ cN-\m-ssien
Cu ASp¯ Ime-s¯-gp-Xnb IY-I-fnÂ
\µ-Ip-amÀ Is¿m-gnª-Xmbn ImWmw. hmb-
\-¡m-c\v Ct¸mÄ k©m-chpw ]cn-Wm-a-Kp-

^mjn-Ìp-Imew
Xm§m-\m-ImsX
kzbw hnS-]-d-ª
a\p-jy³
kw£n]vX kmln-Xy-¯n\v D¯-tam-Zm-l-c-W-amWv PK-¶m-Y³ F¶ IY. AXv
kmln-Xy-¯nsâ al-Xzhpw {]tbm-P-\hpw DZvtLm-jn-¡p-¶p. IY-IÄ hmbn-¨-Xp-
sIm@v F´v {]tbm-P\w F¶ ]cn-lm-ks¯ AXv Nh-äp-Ip-«-bn-se-dn-bp-¶p.
þ{]kn-² I-Ym-Ir-¯v Fw \-µ-Ip-am-dn-sâ P-K-¶m-Y³ F-¶ I-Y ^m-jn-Ìp-Ime-s¯
G-ähpw an-I-¨ c-N-\-bm-sW-¶v I-s-­¯p-¶p te-JI³.

44 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
]vXnbpw ]ÀÆ-Xm-tcm-l-Ww-t]mse t¢i-I-c-
am-Ip-¶n-Ã. hm¡p-IÄ AXnsâ `mc-saÃmw
Dt]-£n¨v XqhÂt]mse I\w-Ip-dª - X
- m-bn-cn
-¡p¶p. Gähpw ]pXn-b-IY bm{X-bpsS A´y-
¯nepw Cu sImXn-¸n-¡p¶ `mj A\p-`-hn-
¡m³ Ign-bpw. aqSÂaªp ]pe-cn-bnemZy-
Im-gvN-bn hnS-cp¶ tdmkm-¸q-hp-IÄ t]mse
kuµ-cy-ap-Å-Xm-Ip¶p hm¡p-IÄ.
Fw. \µ-Ip-amÀ ASp-¯- Im-e-s¯-gp-Xnb
IY-I-fn Gähpw {it²bw PK-¶m-Y³ F¶
IY-bm-Wv. ^mjnkw F¶ hnj-b-¯n PK-
¶m-Y³ F¶ IYsb AXn-i-bn-¡p¶ asämcp
IY ae-bm-f-¯n-ep-s@¶v tXm¶p-¶n-Ã. PK-
¶m-Y³ F¶ IY IYm-Ir-¯p-¡sf Akq-
b-s¸-Sp-¯pw. Øqe-amb X§-fpsS BJym-
\- § - s f- { ]Xn Ahsc eÖn- ¡ m³ t{]
cn-¸n¡pw. kw£n]vX kmln-Xy-¯n\v D¯-
tam-Zm-l-c-W-amWv PK-¶m-Y³ F¶ IY. AXv
kmln-Xy-¯nsâ al-Xzhpw {]tbm-P-\hpw
DZvtLm-jn-¡p-¶p. IY-IÄ hmbn-¨-Xp-sIm@v
F´v {]tbm-P\w F¶ ]cn-lm-ks¯ AXv
Nh-äp-Ip-«-bn-se-dn-bp-¶p.
Nne IY-Isf al-¯-c-sa-¶q-¶n-]-d-ªp-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
sIm@v AXÀln¡p¶ BZcw \ÂtI@-Xp-
@v. ImSp-]n-Sn¨v InS-¡p¶ ae-bmf IYm-tem-
I- ¯ n ]e \à hmb- \ - ¡ mÀ¡pw \Ã
IY-I-fn-te¡v F¯n-s¸-Sm³ Ign-bm-dnà ]
e-t¸m-gpw. kmln-Xy-\n-cq-]-Ww hwi-\m-i-`o-
jWn t\cn-Sp¶ Cu Ime¯v {]tXy-In-¨pw.
\nÈ-_vZ-X-bmWv Cu IY-bpsS apJ-ap-{Z.
hfsc ]Xnª H¨-bn-emWv Cu IY XpS-§p-
¶-Xv. ^mjnkhpw IS-¶p-h-cp-¶Xv A§s\-
bm-WtÃm. Xosc H¨-bn-Ãm-sX. ]n¶o-SXv `bm-
\-I-cq-]-amÀPn-¡pw. hcm-\n-cn-¡p¶ \mfp-Isf
IYm-Ir¯v ChnsS `mh\ sN¿p-¶n-Ã. Ign-
ªp-t]mb Ime-¯nsâ `oI-cX HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-
¯p-I-bm-Wv. Ah ho@pw ht¶-¡m-sa¶v
PK-¶m-Y³ Icp-Xp-¶p-@m-Imw. AXp-sIm-@m-
WtÃm AbmÄ Bß-l-Xy-bn-e-`bw tXSp-¶-
Xv.
1992 Â Rm³ PK-¶m-Ys\ I@p-ap-«n. A§-
s\-bmWv IY XpS-§p-¶-Xv. lnµp-Xz-cm-jv{Sobw
AXnsâ e£y-¯n-te-¡pÅ Gähpw {]
[m-\-s¸« ImÂsh¸v \S-¯nb kµÀ`-am-W-Xv.
_m_vdn akvPnZv [zwk-\w.
IY ]d-bp¶ BÄ Ct¸mÄ hÀ¯-am-\I - me
45
C´y-bn-em-Wn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv. Nne Imcy-§Ä
AbmÄ HmÀ¡p-I-bm-Wv. IY-bnse \mb-I³
]t£ PK-¶m-Y-\m-Wv. Abm-fn-t¸m-gn-Ã. acn-¨p.
AÃ, Bß-lXy sNbvXp.
UÂln-bnse kncn-t^mÀ«v HmUn-täm-dn-b-
¯n \S-¡p¶ Ne-¨n-{X-ta-f-bn ]s¦-Sp-¡m-
s\-¯n-b-h-cmWv AhÀ aq¶p-t]À. _mep,
tPmk-^v, ]ns¶ IY ]d-bp¶ Bfpw. IY-bn-
e-bmÄ¡v t]cn-Ã. _mep, tPmk^v AXp-I-gn-
ªm ]ns¶ \m«p-\-S-¸-\p-k-cn¨v aq¶m-a-s¯-
bmÄ apkv e n- a m- I - W w. aq¶m- a - s ¯- b mÄ
Cc-bpsS Øm\-¯m-sW-¶-Xn\v IY-bnÂ
hyà-amb kqN-\-I-fp-@v. C´y-bn Cc {]
[m-\-ambpw Ct¸mÄ apkven-ap-am-Wv. F¶mÂ
kmÀh-eu-InI Xe-¯n Nn´n-¡p-t¼mÄ þa-
\p-jy-s\-¡p-dn-¨m-Ip-t¼mÄ AX-§-s\-¯s¶
thW-a-tÃm-þ-C-cbv¡v IrXy-amb Hcp t]cp-\
ÂIp-¶Xv icn-bà F¶v IYm-Ir-¯n\v tXm¶n-
bn-cn-¡-Ww. ImcWw, Cc Hmtcm cmPy¯pw
Hmtcm t]cn-em-Wv. thsd shsd aX-¯nepw
hwi-¯nepw hÀW-¯n-ep-am-Wv.
t]cn-Ãm-¯-Xn-\m \ap¡v IY-]-d-bp-¶-
bmsf ChnsS Abmsf¶phn-fn-¡mw.
]Ån s]mfn-¨-Xn-s\-Xn-sc-bpÅ {]Xn-tj[
PmY-bn ]s¦-Sp-¯-Xn-\p-tijw Hmtcm Nmb-
Ip-Sn-¡m-\n-cn-¡p-Ibmbncp¶p aq¶p-t]-cpw. {]
[m- \ - kw- ` - h - § - f p- @ m- I p- t ¼mÄ C¯cw
Fw \-µ-Ip-am-À
46
\nÈ-_vZ-X-bmWv Cu IY-bpsS
apJ-ap-{Z. hfsc ]Xnª H¨-
bn-emWv Cu IY XpS-§p-¶-Xv.
^mjnkhpw IS-¶p-h-cp-¶Xv
A§s\-bm-WtÃm. Xosc H¨-
bn-Ãm-sX. ]n¶o-SXv `bm-\-I-cq-]-
amÀPn-¡pw. hcm-\n-cn-¡p¶
\mfp-Isf IYm-Ir¯v ChnsS
`mh\ sN¿p-¶n-Ã. Ign-ªp
-t]mb Ime-¯nsâ `oI-cX
HmÀ½-s¸-Sp-¯p-I-bm-Wv. Ah ho
@pw ht¶-¡m-sa¶v PK-¶m-Y³
Icp-Xp-¶p-@m-Imw. AXp-sIm-
@m-WtÃm AbmÄ Bß-l-Xy-
bn-e-`bw tXSp-¶-Xv.
1992 Â Rm³ PK-¶m-Ys\
I@p-ap-«n. A§-s\-bmWv IY
XpS-§p-¶-Xv. lnµp-Xz-cm-jv{Sobw
AXnsâ e£y-¯n-te-¡pÅ
Gähpw {][m-\-s¸« ImÂsh¸v
\S-¯nb kµÀ`-am-W-Xv. _m
_vdn akvPnZv [zwk-\w.
kmwkvIm-cnI CS-§-fn Hcp {]Xn-tj[
kacw ]Xn-hp-Å-Xm-W-tÃm. ¹¡mÀUpw ap{Zm-
hm-Iyhpw ae-bm-f-¯n-em-bXv, \m«p-ImÀ¡v
a\-Ên-em-hm¯ `mj-bn-em-bXv \¶m-bn, AsÃ-
¦n-e-hÀ XÃn-s¡m-t¶s\ F¶m-iz-kn-¡p-
¶p@v _mep. kpc-£nX Øm\-¯n-cp-¶v, ]
cn-¡p-]-än-sÃ-¶p-d-¸p-h-cp-¯n-bpÅ ae-bmfn
_p²n-Po-hn-I-fpsS hn¹h {]hÀ¯-\-§sf
HmÀan-¸n-¡p-I-bmWv IYm-Ir-¯v.
kn\na ImWm-\pÅ XmÂ]cyw t]mb-Xp-
Im-cWw Xntb-ä-dn-\p-]p-d¯v shdpsX \n¡p-
t¼m-gmWv AbmÄ PK-¶m-Ys\ ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-
¶-Xv. ]Ån s]mfn-¨-Xn \n¶p-amWv AhÀ
kwkmcw XpS-§p-¶-Xv. _m_vdn akvPnZv CÃm-
Xm-bXpw AtXm-S-\p-_-Ôn¨v Hcp henb
Iem]w \S-¶Xpsam¶pw PK-¶m-Y³ Adn-
ªn-cp-¶n-Ã. AbmÄ lnam-e-b-¯n \n¶pw
At¸mÄ F¯n- b tX D@m- b n- c p- ¶ p- Å p.
hmÀ¯-I-sfm¶pw F¯m-¯-bn-Sw. Acp-Xm¯
ImgvN-I-sfm¶pw CÃm-¯-bn-Sw. im´nbpw
kam-[m-\hpw am{Xw \ÂIp¶ BbnS-¯p-
Xs¶ F¡m-ehpw X§p-hm\mImsX D]-Po-
h\w tXSn Cd§n h¶-Xm-bn-cn-¡Ww PK-
¶m-Y³. hmÀ¯ tI«Xpw PK-¶m-Y\v Ipd¨p
aZy-]n-¡-W-sa¶v tXm¶n. Iymadm _mKn-em-
bn-cp¶p PK-¶m-Y³ aZyw kq£n-¨n-cp-¶-Xv.
Iyma-dm-_mKpw aZyIp-¸nbpw X½n Hcp ]
mc-kv]-cy-ap-@v. H¶v ImgvNbpw asäm¶v B
ImgvN-I-fn \n¶v c£-s¸-Sm-\pÅ Abm-fpsS
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
D]m- b - h pamWv . aZyw PK- ¶ m- Y \v t\cw-
t]m-¡nt\m Iq«p-IqSn BtLm-jn-¡mt\m
DÅ-Xm-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. Ime-¯n \n¶v, AXnsâ
`oI-c-amb bmYmÀ°y-§-fn \n¶v AXn-Po-
h\w t\Sm-\p-Å-Xp- am-{X-amWv PK-¶m-Y\v
el-cn.
A¶s¯ {]ZÀi\w Ignªp AÔ-Im-
chpw iq\y-Xbpw am{X-apÅ B cm{Xn-bnÂ
Xma-k-Ø-e-t¯¡v t]mIm³ amÀ¤-an-ÃmsX
aq¶p-t]cpw \n¡sh AhÀ¡v _wKm-fnÂ
\n¶pw h¶ Hcp t{]£-Isâ klmbw e`n-
¡p-¶p. Abm-fpsS hne-Ip-dª ]g-©³
Imdn k©-cn-¡p-t¼mÄ AhÀ hni-Z-am-bn-
¯s¶ ]cn-N-b-s¸-Sp-¶p. _wKmfn, EXnIv
L«-¡nsâ klm-bn-bmbn kn\n-a-bn {]
hÀ¯n-¨-bm-fm-Wv. Iem]w, ]em-b-\w, A`-
bmÀ°n-IÄ CsXÃmw L«-¡nsâ kn\n-a-bnÂ
BhÀ¯n¨p hcp-¶-Xm-Wv.
hn`-P-\-¯n-sâbpw ]em-b-\-¯n-sâbpw
BLm-X-apÅ s{^bn-ap-IÄ. thcp-IÄ sh«n-
ap-dn-¨-Xnsâ thZ-\-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨pÅ CXn-lm-
k-§Ä. _wKmfn L«Iv kn\n-a-I-sf-¡p-dn¨v
hmNm-e-am-Ish \mw ]ucXz \nb-ahpw XS-h-
d-Ifpw ]Wn-bp¶ \½psS cmPy-s¯-¡p-dn¨v
HmÀ¯p-t]m-hpI kzm`m-hn-Iw. Bkm-anse
Bbn-c-¡-W-¡n\v apkvenwI-fmb C´y³
]uc-·mÀ Ct¸mÄ C´y³ ]uc-·m-c-Ãm-Xm-
bn-¡-gn-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. C\n \msf aäp ]e-bn- sXcp-hv. sImSpw XWp¸pw Iqcn-cp-«pw, Nfn
S¯pw AXn-t\-¡m-f-[nIw apkvenwI-fmb \ndª DuSp-h-gn-IÄ, ac-¸-e-I-IÄ ASn-¨p-
C´y³ ]uc-·mÀ C´y³ ]uc-·m-c-Ãm-Xm-bn- @m-¡nb hmäp-]o-Sn-I, {]Imiw Ipdª aq«-
¯o-cpw. Ah-cn-sem-cmÄ.... hn-f-¡v, IqSn-\n¡p¶ Bfp-IÄ. dn£-h-en-
aq¶p-t]-scbpw Xma-k-Ø-e¯v Cd-¡n-hn-
Sp-t¼mÄ _wKmfn CXp-IqSn tNmZn-¡p-¶p.
GXm\pw sImÃ-§Ä IS-¶p-t]m-sb-¶n-cn-
¡-s«.... \n§-fn-Xp-t]mse kplr-¯p-¡-fmbn
XpS-cptam? _m_vdn akvPnZv s]mfn¨ ka-b-
am-b-Xp-sIm-@mImw A§s\ tNmZn-¡p-¶- ]Ån s]mfn-¨-Xn-s\-Xn-sc-bpÅ {]
Xn _wKmfn HuNn-Xy-¡p-d-shm¶pw ImWm- Xn-tj[ PmY-bn ]s¦-Sp-¯-Xn-
Xn-cp-¶-Xv. Dd-¸m-bpw. cma-P-·-`q-ansb {] \p-tijw Hmtcm Nmb- Ip-Sn-¡m-\n-
Xn-\n-[m\w sN¿p¶ hn`m-K-¯n-epÅ _mep- cn-¡p-Ibmbncp¶p aq¶p-t]-cpw.
hmWv A§s\ Dd-¸n-¨p-]-d-bp-¶-Xv. ]t£ {][m-\- kw-`-h-§-fp-@m-Ip-
Ah-scÃmw At¸mÄ el-cn-bpsS ]pd-¯m-bn- t¼mÄ C¯cw kmwkvIm-cnI
cp-¶p. CS-§-fn Hcp {]Xn-tj[ kacw
]t£ Ct¸mÄ Xncn-ªp-t\m-¡p-t¼mÄ ]
c-kv]cw tNÀ¶n-cp¶ aq¶p-t]cpw aq¶v Øe-
]Xn-hp-Å-Xm-W-tÃm. ¹¡mÀUpw
¯m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. _mephpw tPmk^pw Fhn- ap{Zm-hm-Iyhpw ae-bm-f-¯n-em-
sS-bm-sW-¶p-t]mepw AbmÄ¡-dn-bn-Ã. A¶v bXv, \m«p-ImÀ¡v a\-Ên-em-hm¯
A§s\ Dd-¸n-¨p-]-d-bsh _wKmfn F´n- `mj-bn-em-bXv \¶m-bn, AsÃ-¦n-
\mWv s]m«n-¨n-cn-¨s- X¶pw Ct¸mÄ AbmÄ¡v e-hÀ XÃn-s¡m-t¶s\ F¶m-iz-
a\-Ên-em-Ip-¶p@v. kn-¡p-¶p@v _mep. kpc-£nX
Ne-¨n-{X-ta-f-bpsS kam-]\ Znhkw; ]ncn- Øm\-¯n-cp-¶v, ]cn-¡p-]-än-sÃ-
ªp-t]m-Ip-¶-Xnsâ BtLm-j-¯n\v aq¶p- ¶p-d-¸p-h-cp-¯n-bpÅ ae-bmfn
t]-cp-sSbpw ssIbn ]W-sam¶pw _m¡n-
bp-@m-bn-cp-¶n-Ã. PK-¶m-Y³ AXn\v ] _p²n-Po-hn-I-fpsS hn¹h {]
cn-lm-c-ap-@m-¡p-¶p. At±lw Ahsc Hcp hÀ¯-\-§sf HmÀan-¸n-¡p-I-bm-
CSp-§nb KÃn-bn-te¡v sIm@p-t]m-Ip-¶p. Wv IYm-Ir-¯v.
temIm-h-km-\-s¯-¡p-dn¨v XÀt¡m-hvkvIn-
bpsS shfn-]mSv t]mse ag I\-¡p¶ Hcp

3 HIvtSm_À 2020
47
¡p-¶-hÀ, bmN-IÀ, apjnª s]®p-§Ä.
ChnsS IY-bnse `mj hyXy-kvX-am-Ip-¶p.
AXv Fgp-]-Xp-I-fnse {]£p-_v[amb Ime-
L-«-¯nsâ `mj-bp-ambn sI«p-]n-W-bp-¶p.
NpÅn-¡m-Snsâ Ihn-Xbpw AXnse tPm¬
F{_-lm-sa¶ a\p-jy-s\bpw HmÀa-bn-te¡v
sIm@p-h-cp-¶p. IY-bnse hcn-IÄ, ac-¸m-¯n-
bn \c-I-{Zm-h-I-sam-gn-¨p-sh¨ NnÃp-¥m-knÂ
apk¼n ]ngnªp Rm³ A]-cn-Nn-X\p \o«n....
Ccp-«n \n¶v IpjvT-tcm-K-¯m hnc-ep-IÄ
apc-Sn¨ c@p ssIIÄ ¥mkv Gäp-hm-§n. PK-
¶m-Y³ sXcp-hn-t\m-sSm¸w Iq«p-tN-cp-I-bm-bn-
cp-¶p.
A¶v AhÀ ]ncn-ªp. ]ns¶ AbmÄ cmPy-
¯nsâ ]e `mK-§-fn-embn c@p-aq¶p Ne-¨n-
{X-ta-f-I-fn sh¨p-IqSn PK-¶m-Ys\ I@p-ap-
«p-¶p-@v. henb amä-sam-¶p-an-Ãm-sX. AtX
48
Iyma-dm-_mKpw AXnse HmÄUv a¦v dw Ip¸n-
bpw... AbmÄ At¸mgpw X\n-¨m-bn-cp-¶p.
kn\na ImWm-\Ã PK-¶m-Y³ ^nenw taf-
IÄ¡v hcp-¶-Xv. kn\n-am-Xm-c-§-fpsS ]S-sa-
Sp-¡m\pw A`n-ap-J-§Ä¡p-amWv. shdpw D]-
Po-h-\-¯n-\p-Å-Xv. ]ns¶ taf-bn \n¶v ]
cn-N-b-s¸« Iq«p-Imsc ImWm-\pw.
]n¶o- s Sm- c n- ¡  ]{X- ¯ n \n¶mWv
AbmÄ PK- ¶ m- Y ³ Bß- l Xy sNbv X
hnhcw A-dn-bp-¶Xv. ]g-sbmcp t£{X-¡p-f-
¯n s]m§nb AÚm-Xsâ PUw. Iyma-
dbpw Pm¡äpw Ipf-¡-c-bn sh¨n-cp-¶p.
B Iymadm _mKn At¸mÄ aZy-ap-@m-
bn-cn-¡n-söv \ap¡v XoÀ¯p ]d-bm³ Ign-
bpw. Ds@-¦nepw AsXmcp Hgnª Ip¸n-bm-
bn-cn-¡pw. Zmcp-Whpw `oXn-Z-hp-amb ImgvN-I-
fn \n¶pw tamNn-X-\mb PK-¶m-Y\v C\n
aZy-¯nsâ Bh-iy-an-Ã-tÃm. PUw s]m§n-
¡n-S¶ A¼-e-¡p-fhpw Iymadm _mKv sh¨
AXnsâ I¸-S-hp-Ifpw PK-¶m-Ysâ Bß-
l-Xym-Ip-dn-¸nsâ ]cn-`m-j-X-s¶-bm-Wv. Xms\-
´psIm@v Bß-lXy sNbvXp, Xs¶-s¡m@v
BcXv sN¿n-¸n-¨p F¶v Ah hni-Z-ambn
Fgp-Xn-sh-¡p-¶p-@v.
Ct¸mÄ ]pXnb Ime-¯nsâ Gähpw Ah-
km-\s¯ Zn\-¯n-en-cp¶v AbmÄ PK-¶m-Y-
s\-¡p-dn-t¨mÀ¡p-I-bm-Wv. Ne-¨n-{X-ta-f-I-fnÂ
I@p-]n-cnª Nne kn\n-a-I-sfbpw...-A-e³
sds\-bpsS ss\äv Bâ v t^mKv . IWn-i-amb
IW-s¡-Sp-¸p-IÄ, B«n-s¯-fn-¡-s¸-Sp¶ i{Xp-
¡-fpsS \o@ \nc-IÄ, Iq«-s¡m-ebv¡p sI«n-
¯q-¡nb tIm¬{Ioäp XS-h-d-IÄ....
Xe-Np-äÂ, Hm¡m-\w, Imep-IÄ ]q@p-
t]m-Ip¶ sNfn...
hN-\-¯n\p ap¼v `bm-\I \ni-_vZ-X-bm-
bn-cp¶p Ft¶mÀan-¸n-¡p¶ XÀt¡m-hvkvIn-
bpsS km{In-ss^-kv. kz´w hoSn\p XosIm-
Sp-¡p¶ Ae-Ivkm-@À, Ce-IÄ sImgnª
ac-¯n\p \\-bv¡p¶ Ip«n, sXm@-bnse
ikv{X-{In-b-bv¡p-ti-j-apÅ aqIX hn«p-am-dn-
b-tijw Ahsâ hm¡p-IÄ: BZn-bn hN-
\-ap-@m-bn. F´n-\m-WXv, ]¸m?
AtX, F´n-\mWv hN-\w, `mj-bp-@m-bXv?
Nn´-IÄ¡v cq]hpw Bhn[w Bi-b-§fpw
`mh-\-Ifpw Ah-bpsS Bhn-jvIm-c-§-fp-ap-@m-
bXv? A[n-Imcw, B[n-]-Xyw, Iog-S-¡Â,
B\-µw, ]oU\w A§-s\-b-§s\ A\-h-[n-
b-\-h[n Bi-b-§Ä.. a\p-jy-Po-hn-Xhpw aä-
t\-Im-bncw Pohn hÀK-§-fp-tS-Xp-t]m-se...
PK-¶m-Ym, {]]-©-\mYm F¶-bmÄ c£-
bv¡mbn {]mÀ°n-¡p-¶p. AbmÄ¡v PK-¶m-
Y-t\mSv Akq-bt- Xm-¶p-Ib - m-Wv. hcm-\n-cn-¡p¶
Ime-¯nsâ `oI-c-amb ImgvN-I-fn \n¶v
tamNn-X-\mbn PK-¶m-Y³ Ft¶-bv¡p-ambn
hnS-]-d-ªn-cn-¡p-¶p. Bß-lXy `ocp-hnsâ
{]hÀ¯n-bm-sW¶p ]d-ªXv Bcp-X-s¶-bm-
bmepw AXp hmkvX-h-a-söv `ocp-hmb Abm-
fn-t¸mÄ HmÀ¡p-¶p-@m-bn-cn-¡pw.
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
49
G.-Iyq. alvZn

Xn c-¡n-\n-S-bn-epw th@{X hnim-e-

amb hoXn-bn-Ãm¯ Cu tdmUn-
eq-sS, Bi-¦-sbm¶pw IqSmsX
A]-I-S-c-ln-X-amb emL-h-t¯msS \S¶p
\o§mw. Imc-Ww, Cu tdmUn-eqsS hml\
KXm-KXw \ntcm-[n-¨n-cn-¡p-I-bm-Wv. F¦nepw
Nne hncp-X-·mÀ, hnNn{X BIr-Xn-bn-epÅ Nne
ap¨{I hml-\-§Ä, ]n¶n km[-\-§fpw
Ip¯n-\n-d¨v \m«nse Hmt«m-dn£ t]mse
HmSn¨p t]mIp-¶p-@v. B ap¨{I iI-S-§Ä
I@mÂ, GsX-¦nepw {]mIrX AhnI-knX
B{^n-¡³ {Kma-¯n \n¶pw hcp¶ Hcm-fm-
bm t]mepw, aq¡¯p hnc sh¨p \n¶p-
t]m-Ipw. DS-emsI Xpcp-¼n-¨, Agp-¡n aqSnb
Hcp ]n¨-¡m-c³ h@n-bm-W-Xv. Ah-sbÃmw
]n¶n«v Rms\sâ k©mcw XpSÀ¶p. {]mIr-
X-h@n FXnÀZn-i-bn IS¶p t]mbn«pw, AXv
A§p-Zq-sc-sb¯pw hsc AXnsâ IS-I-S-i

{Kokv bm{X
5

¹m¡, FÀtam
sXcp-hp-I-fn-eqsS-
GX³knse {][m\ hmWn-Py-tI-{µ-
amb ¹m¡-bn-eqsS apt¶m«p \S-¶p.
D¨-bmbn-cp-¶p. ]mX-bpsS Ccp-`m-
K¯pw [mcmfw sdÌ-dâp-IÄ {]
hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-@v. F¶m Ah-
bn-sem¶pw henb Xnc¡p I@n-Ã.
Itk-c-IÄ Hgnªp InS-¸m-Wv.
kmbm-Ó-§-fn-em-bn-cn¡mw Cu t`mP-
\-im-e-IÄ ]qÀW-ambpw {]hÀ¯-
\-k-Ö-am-hpI F¶p tXm¶p-¶p.
FÀtam F¶-dn-b-s¸-Sp¶ B sXcp-
hn-eqsS \S-¶p-\o-§m³ ckw tXm¶n.
GX³kv sat{Sm-t¸m-fokv IXo-{U-en\v
ap¶n-emWv F¯n-b-Xv.
50 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
FÀtam sX-cphv
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
51
_vZw DbÀ¶p tIÄ¡m-am-bn-cp-¶p.
A¸-Zqcw sN¶-t¸mÄ Hcp ]m«p tI«p.
Btcm-Ky-apÅ Hcp hr²³, AbmÄ Xe-ap-
Þ\w sNbvXn-«p-@v, ap¼n-en-cn-¡p¶ henb
Hcp b{´-¯nsâ his¯ lm³Un Xmf-
¯n Xncn-¨v, kwKoXw DXnÀ¡p-I-bmWv.
]W-¸n-cn-hmWp e£yw. A¸w Zqsc amdn
\n¶v, Cu {]mIrX kwKo-X-s¸«n Rm\m-kz-
Zn-s¨-¦nepw, B sXcphp Iem-Im-c\v kw`m-h-
\-sbm¶pw sImSp-¡m³ \n¶n-Ã. AXn\p c@p
Imc-W-§-fp-@v. H¶v, AbmÄ icn¡pw Hcp
Iem-Im-c-\Ã, Hcp tS¸v sdt¡mÀUÀ Hm¬
sNbvXp ]m«p-tIĸn¡pw a«n b{´w {]
hÀ¯n-¸n-¡p¶ HcmÄ am{Xw. AXp t]mI-s«-
sb¶p hbv¡mw. Abm-fpsS Np@n-semcp knK-
d-än-cp¶v Fcn-bp-¶p. Hcp ]pI-hen hntcm-[n-
bmb Rm³, Hcn-¡epw knK-däv ]c-ky-ambn
hen-¡p¶ Hcp-hs\ CjvS-s¸-Sm-dn-Ã.
GX³knse {][m\ hmWn-Py-tI-{µ-amb
¹m¡-bn-eqsS apt¶m«p \S-¶p. D¨-bmbn-cp-¶p.
]mX-bpsS Ccp-`m-K¯pw [mcmfw sdÌ-dâp-IÄ
{]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p-@v. F¶m Ah-bn-sem¶pw
henb Xnc¡p I@n-Ã. Itk-c-IÄ Hgnªp
InS-¸m-Wv. kmbm-Ó-§-fn-em-bn-cn¡mw Cu
t`mP-\-im-e-IÄ ]qÀW-ambpw {]hÀ¯-\-k-
Ö-am-hpI F¶p tXm¶p-¶p. FÀtam F¶-dn-
b-s¸-Sp¶ B sXcp-hn-eqsS \S-¶p-\o-§m³
ckw tXm¶n. GX³kv sat{Sm-t¸m-fokv IXo-
{U-en\v ap¶n-emWv F¯n-b-Xv. ]Ånbpw
AXn\p Npäp-apÅ sXcp-hp-I-fp-saÃmw Aä-Ip-
ä-]-Wn-IÄ XoÀ¯v `wKn hÀ²n-¸n¨p sIm@n-
cn¡p-¶p.
ap³`m-K¯p \n¶p t\m¡p-t¼mÄ sNdnb
Hcp tZhm-e-b-amWv F¦nepw GX³knse
Gähpw henb {Ko¡v HmÀ¯- t UmIv k v
NÀ¨mWv CXv. ]Ån-bpsS AI-t¯¡p \S-¶p.
tZhm-e-b-¯n-\Iw at\m-l-c-ambn Hcp-¡n-bn-«p-
@v. ]ucm-WnIX Xpfp-¼p¶ Hcp A´-co-£-
amWv DÅnÂ. [mcmfw s]bnân-§p-Ifpw NphÀ
Nn-{X-§-fp-saÃmw tZhm-e-b-¯n-\-I-¯p-@v.
GtXm, hnip-²sâ Xncp-ti-jn¸p kq£n-¨n-
cn-¡p¶ Hcp kphÀ®-t]-SIw Aįm-c-bpsS
ap¼n I@p. `à-cn-e-[n-Ihpw B t]S-I-
¯n Np_-\-aÀ¸n-¨p-a-S-§p-¶p. Rm³ t\m¡n
\nÂs¡, Hcp hr²-kv{Xo, sasà t]SIw Dd-
¸n-¨n-cn-¡p¶ ]Sn-IÄ Ib-dn, AXnsâ \mep-
h-i-§-fnepw Npän \S¶v XpSÀ¨-bmbn ap¯w
AÀ¸n-¡p-¶Xpw I@p. AhÀ Xsâ `àn
]mc-h-iy-{]-I-S\w Ah-km-\n-¸n-¡pw-h-sc, aäp-
Å-hÀ £a-tbm-sS ]n¶n Im¯p-\n¡p-
¶Xpw {i²n-¡-s¸-«p.
aª-sh-fn¨w ]I-cp¶ Ce-Iv{SnIv Zo]-
§fpw sagp-Ip-Xn-cn-Ifpw hnX-dp¶ {]Im-i-t[m-
cWn ]Ån-bpsS ]ucm-Wn-IXbv¡v amäv Iq«p-
¶-Xmbn tXm¶n.
tZhm-e-b-¯n \n¶pw ]pd-¯p-I-S¶p.
hfsc {]uV-amb \ne-bn Xs¶, cmP-Iob
Nmb-¡-¨-hSw \S-¯p¶ Nne tI{µ-§Ä
I@p. kzÀWw ]qinb henb ASp-¸p-I-fnÂ,
52
kzÀW- ] m- { X- ¯ n Xnf- ¸ n- ¡ p¶ Nmb,
AXp- t ]m- s e- b pÅ kphÀW- ¡ - ¸ p- I - f nÂ
kq£v-a-X-tbmsS ]IÀ¶p \ÂIp-¶p. kzÀW
\n- d - a pÅ I¸p- I - f n Hgn- ¨ p- s Im- S p- ¡ p¶
Nmbbv¡v cpNn-Iq-Sptam Bthm. {Kokv kµÀi-
\-¯nsâ Hc-\p-`-h-¯n-\mbn AhnsS \n¶pw
Hcp Nmb hm§n-¡p-Sn-¡m-sa¶p a\-Ên \n\-
¨-t¸m-tg-bv¡pw, Nmb-bpsS hne FgpXn
sh¨ncn¡p¶Xv I­@p. 400 cq]bpsS HcpI¸v
Nmb IpSn-¡m³ Hcp icm-icn C´y-¡m-c-\
mb k©m-cn¡p Ign-bp-I-bn-Ã. Nmb-Ip-Sn-¡-
W-sa¶ Nn´bpw B{K-lhpw Iym³kÂ
sNbvXp \S-¶-I-¶p.
[mcmfw tjm¸nMv skâ-dp-Ifpw sSIvÌ-
bn tjm¸p- I fpw D@v Cu sXcp- h nÂ.
GX³kn Ae-b-Sn-¡p¶ ^mj³ Xcw-K-
¯n\v DuSpw ]mhpw s\¿p-¶-Xv, C¯cw
hkv{X-im-e-I-fm-Wv. ]mX-bpsS Ccp-h-i¯pw
hfsc `wKnbmbn cq]I¸\ sNbvX I¨-hS
Øm]-\-§Ä \nd-sb-bp@v.
B CSp-§nb sXcp-hn-eqsS Rm³ ho@pw
\S-¶p. t]mIpwhgn hgn-bn asäm-cn-S¯v
kwKo-X-Ú-cpsS Hcp kwLs¯ I@p.
GX³knse {]kn-²-amb HmÄUv Su¬ _
m³Unse AwK-§-fmWv ChÀ. AhÀ¡p-ap-
¼n {]ZÀin-¸n-¨n-cp¶ sNdnb t_mÀUn-eq-
sS-bmWm hnhcw {Kln-¨-Xv. kwKo-X-am-e-]n¨p
]Ww ]ncn-¡p-¶-Xn-t\m-sSm¸w, AhÀ X¿m-
dm¡n \nÀan¨ HmUntbm knUn-Ifpw hn¡p-
¶p-@v.
GX³kv \K-c-¯nsâ ]e `mK¯pw hgn-
apt¶m-«p-\-S¶p. tdmUnse Xnc-¡v
sasà hÀ²n-¨p-sIm-@n-cp-¶p. Cu
sXcp-hn hgn-tbmc hym]mcw A\p-
h-Zn-¨n-«n-Ã. F¶m Fhn-sSbpw
\ot{Km-IÄ hncp-X-·m-cm-Wv.
Iui-ehpw IÅ-¯-c-hp-apÅ
\ot{Km bphm-¡-fpsS X{´-§Ä,
FÃm ]mÝm-Xy-cm-Py-§-fnepw Rm³
I@n-«p-@v. Ahsc ^e-{]-Z-ambn
\nb-{´n-¡p-hm³ `c-W-Iq-S-¯n-
\p-t]mepw _p²n-ap-«p-@v. {Inan-\-
epw, sImSpw-Ip-ä-hm-fn-bp-ambn hne-
kp¶ GsX-¦nepw \ot{Km-Kp@
s]meokv \S-¯p¶ B{I-a-W-
§-fn shSn-tbäv sImÃ-s¸-«mÂ
Cu Idp¯ hÀK-¡mÀ apgp-h\pw
tNÀ¶v, H¶mbn ka-chpw _l-f-
hp-sams¡ krjvSn¨v \K-c-Po-hnXw
kvXw`n-¸n-¡p-¶Xv km[m-c-W-am-Wv.
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
sat{Sm-t¸m-fokv IXo-{U-Â
tbm-c-§-fn C¯cw ]cn-]m-Sn-I-fn-eqsS D]-
Po-h-\-¯n\p hgn tXSp-¶-hsc Rm³ ImWp-
I-bp-@m-bn.
apt¶m-«p-\-S¶p. tdmUnse Xnc-¡v sasÃ
hÀ²n-¨p-sIm-@n-cp-¶p. Cu sXcp-hn hgn-
tbmc hym]mcw A\p-h-Zn-¨n-«n-Ã. F¶mÂ
Fhn-sSbpw \ot{Km-IÄ hncp-X-·m-cm-Wv. Iui-
ehpw IÅ-¯-c-hp-apÅ \ot{Km bphm-¡-fpsS
X{´-§Ä, FÃm ]mÝm-Xy-cm-Py-§-fnepw
Rm³ I@n-«p-@v. Ahsc ^e-{]-Z-ambn
\nb-{´n-¡p-hm³ `c-W-Iq-S-¯n-\p-t]mepw
_p²n-ap-«p-@v. {Inan-\-epw, sImSpw-Ip-ä-hm-fn-bp-
ambn hne-kp¶ GsX-¦nepw \ot{Km-Kp@
s]meokv \S-¯p¶ B{I-a-W-§-fn shSn-
tbäv sImÃ-s¸-«m Cu Idp¯ hÀK-¡mÀ
apgp-h\pw tNÀ¶v, H¶mbn ka-chpw _l-f-
hp-sams¡ krjvSn¨v \K-c-Po-hnXw kvXw`n-¸n-
¡p-¶Xv km[m-c-W-am-Wv.
Chn-sSbo sXcp-hn \ot{Km-]n-ÅmÀ XpWn-
bpw, hm¨pw, eXÀ D¸-¶§fpw aäpw hgn-h-
¡n \nc¯n sh¨v hym]mcw sN¿p-¶Xv
Rm³ I@p. X§fp-sS Nmc-·msc sXcp-hnse
Ccp-`m-K¯pw \nÀ¯nbmWv, Cu A\-[n-IrX
hn¸-\. s]meokv hcp¶ hnhcw Cu Nmc-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
cmPys¯ Gähpw {]m[m-\y-apÅ
aµn-c-¯n\p Imh \n¡p-¶-h-
cpsS {]tXyI coXn-bn-epÅ ]tc-Up-
IÄ ImgvN-¡mÀ¡v hnt\m
Zw ]I-cp¶ D]m-[n-bmbn amdp-¶p.
ASn-sh¨-Sn-sh¨v \S¶p h¶
aqh-cn c@p-t]À ]Icw \n¶n«v
AhnShnsS Imh \n¶ c@p-t]
sc tamNn-¸n¨p sIm@p aq¶m-a³
amÀ¨v sNbvXp \S-¶p-t]m-bn.
A§s\ Ct¸mgpw c@p `S-·mÀ
am{X-ambn _m¡n \n¶p, ]mÀe-
saâ v luÊn\p Imh \n¡m³.
B kvIzb-dn-sem-cn-S¯p I@ Hcp
Iq«w {]mhp-I-fm-Wv ]n¶o-sSs¶
BIÀjn¨ asäm-cp-Im-gvN. \qdp-
I-W-¡n\p {]mhp-IÄ ]mdnbpw
]d¶pw Ifn¡p-¶Xp ImWm³
sNdn-sbmcp Iq«w BÄ¡m-cp-ap-@v.
53
·mÀ ssIam-dp-¶-tXmsS \ot{Km-IÄ, hn]-W-
h-kvXp-¡Ä Hcp `mÞ-s¡-«m-¡n, tXmfnÂ
Xq¡n aäp k©m-cnI-tfm-sSm¸w, H¶p-a-dn-bm-
¯- h - s \- t ¸mse \S¶p \o§pw. Hcp \o
t{Km-]¿ - ³, s]meo-kns\ `b-¶v, s]s«¶v Xsâ
hkvXp-¡Ä hmcn-¡q«n sIm@p-t]m-b-t¸mÄ
`mÞ-s¡-«n s]s«¶p Ib-äm-\m-hmsX h¶,
Hcp kn¦nÄ eXÀ jq, tdmUn A\m-Y-ambn
Iptd-t\cw InS-¡p-¶Xpw I@p. tdmUv hr¯n-
bm-¡p¶ Hcp tImÀ¸-td-j³ sXmgn-emfn h¶v
B jqsh-Sp¯v thÌv _n¶n \nt£-]n-¡p-
¶Xpw ImWm³ Ign-ªp.
]mÀe-saâ v lukn\p ap¶nse kvIzbdn
se¯n-t¨À¶n-cn-¡p-¶p. Cu kvIzb-dnsâ `qan-
¡-Sn-bn GX³knse sat{Sm sdbnÂth tÌ
j³ {]hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p. ChnsS Ft¸mgpw henb
P\-¯n-c-¡m-Wv. Xt±-iobcpw hnt\m-Z-k-©m-
cn-I-fp-saÃmw hnt\m-Z-¯n\pw hn{i-a-¯n-\p-sa-
¯p¶ `mK-amWo kvIzbÀ.
]mÀe-saâ v lukn\p ap¼n-eqsS hml
\§Ä Nodn-¸mªp s]mbvs¡m-@n-cn-¡p-¶p.
GI- t Ziw GX³knsâ knän- s kâdmWv
CsX¶p ]d-bmw. c@p tdmUp-IÄ¡n-S-bnÂ
\t¶ hoXn-bpÅ aoUn-b-\p-I-fp-@v. AXn-
\m ImÂ\- S - ¡ mÀ¡v Bi- ¦ - b n- à msX
\S-¶p-t]m-Imw. tdmUv apdn¨p IS¶v Rm³
]mÀe-saâ v lukn\p ap¶n-se-¯n.
Iqä³ Hcp sI«n-S-amWv CXv. F¶mÂ
]d-b-¯¡ {]tXy-I-X-I-tfm, `wKntbm CÃ-
Xm-\pw. amÀ_n-fn \nÀan¨ Hcp sI«nSw A{X-
Xs¶. ]mÀe-saâ v luknsâ {][m\ Ihm-S-
¯n\v Ccp- h - i ¯pw c@p Imh¡mÀ
\n¸p-@v. AhÀ¡p \n¡m³ th@n Hmtcm
sNdnb apdnbpw I@p. Cu Imh¡mÀ c@p-
t]-cp-sSbpw Kuc-h-]qÀÆ-apÅ \nÝ-e-amb
\n¸pw, CS-¡n-sS-bpÅ Ihm¯pw ImWm³
Hcp {]tXy-I-ckw tXm¶n. Ah-cpsS thj-
¯n\p Xs¶-bp@p sshNn-{Xy-amÀ¶ Hcp
]pXp-a. \nd-sb, \of-¯nepw ew_-ambpw
\nc-\n-c-bmbn shÅ _«-Wp-IÄ Xp¶n-t¨À¯
Idp¯ Ip¸m-bw. A¸w \o@ Ir{Xna Xe-
ap-Sn, Xe-bn-ep-d-¸n¨p AXv het¯ tXmfn-eqsS
ap³h-i-t¯-¡n-«n-cn-¡p¶p; ae-bmf a¦-IÄ
Ipfn-I-gnªp Xe-apSn DW-¡m³ tXmfn-eqsS
CSpw amXncn. Idp¯ sXm¸n-bn Hcp teml-
¸-X-¡-hp-ap-@v. I¿nÂ, \ne-¯p-d-¸n¨p h¨
tXm¡v. bm{´n-I-amb Ne-\-§-tfmsS \nÀ\n-
ta-j-cmbn \n¡p¶ c@v Imh `S-·mÀ. {]
Xn-a-IÄ t]mse Ne-\-aä \ne-bn-epÅ \n¸m-
Wv. Ah-cpsSbcn-In t]mbn \n¶v k©m-cn-
IÄ t^mt«mbv¡v t]mkv sN¿p-¶p-ap-@v.
CsXm¶pw X§-f-dn-bp-t¶-bnà F¶ a«nÂ
Igp- ¯ p- t ]mepw Nen- ¸ n- ¡ msX \nhÀ¶p
\n¡p¶ B `S-·m-cpsS I®p-IÄ t]mepw
Bh-iy-an-ÃmsX Nen-¡p-¶nà F¶p Rm³
Is@-¯p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
Cu ImgvN-I-sfms¡ sXsÃm-c-Ûp-X-`m-h-
¯n I@p-\nÂs¡, asä-hnsS \nt¶m {]
tXyI coXn-bn amÀ¨v sNbvXp aq¶p `S-·m-
54
sc-¯n. FÃm-h-scbpw I@m Htct]men-cn-
¡p-¶p. Htc {]k-h-¯nse 5 t]À hfÀ¶v
]«m-f-¯n tNÀ¶t]mep-@v.
Imh \n¡p- ¶ - h sc amän, ]Icw
Bfns\ \ntbm- K n- ¡ p- ¶ - X n\p th@n- b p-
Å-XmWv Cu amÀ¨v. Imh `S-·m-cpsS Cu
sNbv©n§v ]tcUv ck-Icw Xs¶. Ah-cpsS
Ik-d-¯p-IÄ Iptd-t\cw I@p-\n-¶p.
cmPys¯ Gähpw {]m[m-\y-apÅ aµn-c-
¯n\p Imh \n¡p- ¶ - h - c psS {]tXy
I coXn-bn-epÅ ]tc-Up-IÄ ImgvN-¡mÀ¡v
hnt\mZw ]I-cp¶ D]m-[n-bmbn amdp-¶p. ASn-
sh¨-Sn-sh¨v \S¶p h¶ aqh-cn c@p-t]À
]Icw \n¶n«v AhnShnsS Imh \n¶
c@p-t]sc tamNn-¸n¨p sIm@p aq¶m-a³
amÀ¨v sNbv X p \S- ¶ p- t ]m- b n. A§s\
Ct¸mgpw c@p `S-·mÀ am{X-ambn _m¡n \n
¶p, ]mÀe-saâ v luÊn\p Imh \n¡m³.
B kvIzb-dn-sem-cn-S¯p I@ Hcp Iq«w
{]mhp-I-fm-Wv ]n¶o-sSs¶ BIÀjn¨ asäm-
cp-Im-gvN. \qdp-I-W-¡n\p {]mhp-IÄ ]mdnbpw
]d¶pw Ifn¡p-¶Xp ImWm³ sNdn-sbmcp
Iq«w BÄ¡m-cp-ap-@v. B Iq«-¯n A¸-
k-abw Rm\pw tNÀ¶p-\n-¶p.
Cu {]mhp-IÄ¡pÅ Xoä hn¸\ sXmgn-
em-¡nb Nnecpw Iq«-¯n-ep-@v. {]mhn\p Xoä
\ÂIm-s\-¯p¶ k©m-cn-I-fpsS taÂ, Ah
Iq«t¯msS ]d¶p Ib-dp-¶Xv Chn-Ss¯ ]
Xnhp ImgvN-bm-Wv. {]mhp-IÄ¡n-S-bn \n¶p
t^mt«m FSp-¡p-hm-\pw, Ahsb Hma-\n-bv¡p-
]mÀe-saâ v lukn\p ap¶n-eqsS
k©mcw XpSÀ¶p. kvIzb-dn\p
Xmsg-bpÅ sdbnÂth tÌj-\n-
te¡v Bfp-IÄ ]S-hp-I-fn-d§n
t]mIp-¶Xp I@p. {]tXy-In-s¨mcp
e£y-hp-an-ÃmsX Rm\pw
AhÀs¡m¸w \S-¶p. sabn³
tdmUn \n¶pw sdbnÂth tÌj-
\n-te¡v Cd-§n-t¸m-Ip-¶-Xn\v {]
tXy-I-co-Xn-bn \nÀan¨ Hcp en^väpw
Ahn-sS-bp-@v. `q\n-c-¸n \n¶pw
hfsc Xmsg-bmWv sdbnÂ
thtÌj³. AXnsâ hnhn[ \ne-
Isf _Ôn-¸n-¨p-sIm@p Iqä³
FkvI-te-ä-dp-Ifpw {]hÀ¯n-¡p-
¶p. FSp¯ Sn¡-äv, tKänse {]
tXyI kwhn-[m-\-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨p
Iym³k sNbvXmte ¹mävt^m-an-
te¡p {]th-in-¡m-\m-hq.
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
 sdbnÂth tÌj-\n \n¶pw
Rm³ ]pd-t¯bv¡p \S-¶p.
tÌj\p ]pd-¯p-h-¨mWv Rm\-
bmsf ]cn-N-b-s¸-«-Xv, Hcp SmIvkn
]mÀ-e-saâ v lukv ss{Uh-sd. Ft¸mgpw lrZy-`m-h-
¯n Nncn-¨p-sIm-@n-cn-¡p¶
Hcp a\p-jy³. a²y-h-b-kvI³.
hm-\p-saÃmw k©m-cn-IÄ aSn-bv¡p-¶p-an-Ã. CbmÄ ap¼v C´y-bn h¶n-«p-
{]mhn-t\mSp IqSp-XÂ {]nbw Im«n-bXv kv{Xo @-s{X. C´y Hcp ss\kv I¬{Sn-
kµÀi-I-cm-sW-¶Xp Rm³ {i²n-¨p. Xsâ bm-sW¶v X«n-hn-«v, Fsâ {]oXn
`mcy-bpsS tXmfn-epw, Xe-bn-epw, ssI¯-@-
bn-ep-sams¡ h¶p s]mXnªp \n¡p¶ Ic-Ø-am-¡m\pw AbmÄ ad-
{]mhp-Isf tNÀ¯v IrXy-ambn t^mt«m FSp- ¶n-Ã. ss\kv I¬{Sn-sb-¶tXm
¡p¶ `À¯m-¡-·m-scbpw I@p. AÃ, ssZh-¯nsâ Xs¶ kz´w
]mÀe-saâ v lukn\p ap¶n-eqsS k©mcw \mSmb tIc-f-¯n \n¶mWv
XpSÀ¶p. kvIzb-dn\p Xmsg-bpÅ sdbnÂth Rm³ hcp-¶-sX¶v ]dªv Duäw
tÌj-\n-te¡v Bfp-IÄ ]S-hp-I-fn-d§n t] sImÅm³ Rm³ ap-XnÀ¶n-Ã. Cu
mIp-¶Xp I@p. {]tXy-In-s¨mcp e£y-hp-an- a\p-jy³ tIc-f-¯n-se-§m³
ÃmsX Rm\pw AhÀs¡m¸w \S-¶p. sabn³ h¶n-cp-s¶-¦nÂ, Fsâbm {]
tdmUn \n¶pw sdbnÂth tÌj-\n-te¡v
Cd- § n- t ¸m- I p- ¶ - X n\v {]tXy- I - c o- X n- b n kvXm-h\ A-Øm-\-¯m-hp-am-bn-
\nÀan¨ Hcp en^väpw Ahn-sS-bp-@v. `q\n-c-¸n cp-¶ntà F¶ ktµ-lhpw F\n-
\n¶pw hfsc Xmsg- b mWv sdbn ¡p-@m-bn-cp-¶p.
thtÌj³. AXnsâ hnhn[ \ne-Isf _Ôn-

3 HIvtSm_À 2020
55
sat{Sm sd-bnÂ-sh-kv-täj³

¸n-¨p-sIm@p Iqä³ FkvI-te-ä-dp-Ifpw {] hsc am{Xta Cu N§mXn h¶n-cp¶pÅpsh¶m-

hÀ¯n-¡p-¶p. FSp¯ Sn¡-äv, tKänse {] Wv.
tXyI kwhn-[m-\-ap-]-tbm-Kn¨p Iym³k F\n¡p SmIvkn Bh-iy-anà F¶p ]d-ªp-
sNbvXmte ¹mävt^m-an-te¡p {]th-in-¡m-\m- \-S-¡m³ XpS-§n-b-t¸mgpw, AXn \ncm-i-\m-
hq. Sn¡äv d±v sN¿-s¸-Sp-t¼mÄ am{Xta Hmtcm-
cp-¯À¡pw IS-¶p-t]m-Im-hp¶ sNdnb tKäv,
\ap¡p ap¼n hgn-Xp-d-¡q. H¶pw c@p-sam-
¶p-a-Ã, \nc-h[n Ce-Ivt{Sm-WnIv tKäp-IÄ
CXn-\mbn kPo-I-cn-¨n-«p-@v.
AXym- [ p- \ n- I - a mb Hcp I¬t{SmÄdqw
tÌjsâ Hcp `mK-¯p-Im-Wmw. s{Sbn-\p-I-fpsS
hchpw t]m¡pw knKv\ep-I-fp-saÃmw \nb-{´n-
¡-s¸-Sp-¶Xv ChnsS \n¶m-Wv.
hen-sbmcp ÌmÀtlm-«Â t]mse-bp@v
sdbnÂth tÌj³. hfsc `wKn-bmbn \nÀan¨
tÌjsâ GXp `mKhpw hr¯n-tbm-sS-bmWv
]cn-]m-en-¡p-¶-Xv. at\m-l-chpw lrZy-hp-amb
Hcp t\À¯ kwKoXw GXp ka-bhpw tÌj-
\n apg-§n-s¡m-@n-cn-¡pw. tÌjs\ Ipdn¨pw
sat{Sm-s{S-bn-\nsâ dq«p-I-sf-¡p-dn-¨p-saÃmw
hnh-cn-¡p¶ amK-kn\pw e`y-am-Wv.
sdbnÂth tÌj-\n \n¶pw Rm³ ]pd-
t¯bv¡p \S-¶p. tÌj\p ]pd-¯p-h-¨mWv
Rm\-bmsf ]cn-N-b-s¸-«-Xv, Hcp SmIvkn
ss{Uh-sd. Ft¸mgpw lrZy-`m-h-¯n Nncn-¨p-
sIm-@n-cn-¡p¶ Hcp a\p-jy³. a²y-h-b-kvI³.
CbmÄ ap¼v C´y-bn h¶n-«p-@-s{X. C´y
Hcp ss\kv I¬{Sn-bm-sW¶v X«n-hn-«v, Fsâ
{]oXn Ic-Ø-am-¡m\pw AbmÄ ad-¶n-Ã. ss\
kv I¬{Sn-sb-¶tXm AÃ, ssZh-¯nsâ Xs¶
kz´w \mSmb tIc-f-¯n \n¶mWv Rm³
hcp-¶-sX¶v ]dªv Duäw sImÅm³ Rm³
ap-XnÀ¶n-Ã. Cu a\p-jy³ tIc-f-¯n-se-§m³
h¶n-cp-s¶-¦nÂ, Fsâbm {]kvXm-h\ A-Øm-
\-¯m-hp-am-bn-cp-¶ntà F¶ ktµ-lhpw F\n-
¡p-@m-bn-cp-¶p. A¸-t\cw IqSn kwkm-cn-
¨-t¸mÄ Abm-fn \n¶pw Adn-ªX - v, apwss_

56 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
hmsX B kmbv¸v ss{UhÀ Nncn-¨p-sIm-s@
s¶ bm{X-bm-¡n.
sXcp-hn \n¶p t\m¡p-t¼mÄ ap¶nÂ
hen-sbmcp ae ImWmw. C§-s\-sbmcp ImgvN
Rm³ \m«n I@n-«p-Å-Xv, hmK-a-®n-emWv.
hmK-a³ SuWns\ sXm«p-cp½n kmam\yw
DbÀ¶ Hcp Ip¶p \n¡p-¶Xp IuXp-I-
t¯msS t\m¡n \n¶n-«p@v. B Ip¶nÂ,
\ndsb tXbn-e-s¨-Sn-IÄ hfÀ¯n-\nÀ¯n-bn-
cp-¶Xv I@Xpw HmÀa-bn-ep-@v.
Chn-Sps¯ ae hyXy-kvX-am-Wv. aebv¡p
apI-fn hen-sbmcp sI«n-Shpw ImWp-¶p-@v.
GX³knse Gähpw Db-cw-IqSnb ae-bm-W-
s{X-bn-Xv. B ae-bpsS Xmgvhmc-t¯¡p Rm³
]pd-s¸-«p. bm{X Hcp Ce-Iv{SnIv t{Smfn _Ên-
em-bn-cp-¶p. C¯cw _Ênse bm{Xbpw BZy-
am-Wv.
sImtdm-Wm¡n F¶mWv ae-bpsS Xmgvhmcw
Adn-b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. _Êv B sXcp-hn \n¶p.
Rm³ ]pd-¯n-d-§n. ]pd¯p NqSpw XWp-¸p-a-
Ãm¯ anX-amb Imem-h-Ø. shbn-ep-s@-¦n-
epw, XWp¯ Pe-¯n ap¡n-sb-Sp¯ XpWn
]pX-¨-Xp-t]m-se-bp-Å, Hcp Cud³ A\p-`-hw.
GX³knse hen-sbmcp dkn-U³jyÂ
Gcn- b bmWv sImtdm- W m- ¡ n. [mcmfw
A¸mÀ«vsaâp-IÄ. Ah-bpsSsbÃmw ap¶nÂ
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
GX³knse hen-sbmcp dkn-U³-
jy Gcn-bbmWv sImtdm-Wm-
¡n. [mcmfw A¸mÀ«vsaâp-IÄ.
Ah-bpsSsbÃmw ap¶nÂ
\nc-h[n Imdp-IÄ \nc-\n-c-bmbn
InS-¡p-¶p. GX³kn FhnsS
t\m¡n-bmepw B[p-\n-I-amb
Imdp-IÄ [mcmfw ImWmw. bqtdm-
¸n \à Imdp-IÄ A[nIw
ImWm³ Ign-bm-¯Xv HcmgvN
ap¼p kµÀin¨ t]mÀ¨p-K-en-
em-bn-cp¶psh¶Xv HmÀ¡p-¶p.
C´y¡p ]pd-¯v, AXy´w Zb-\o-
bm-h-Ø-bnepw Gähpw tami-s¸«
\ne-bnepw I@o-j-\nepw DÅ Im-
dp-IÄ I@Xv ImTva-Þp-hn-em-bn-
cp-¶p, t\¸m-fnsâ Xe-Øm-\-¯v.
AhnsS HmSp-¶-h-bn-e-[n-Ihpw
amcpXn Imdp-I-fm-Wv. SmIvknbpw
amcpXn Xs¶. AhnsS I@ Nne
SmIvkn Imdp-I-fpsS cq]hpw
Ah-Øbpw AXoh Zb-\o-b-am-
bn-cp-¶p.
\nc-h[n Imdp-IÄ \nc-\n-c-bmbn InS-¡p-¶p.
GX³kn FhnsS t\m¡n-bmepw B[p-\n-
I-amb Imdp-IÄ [mcmfw ImWmw. bqtdm-¸nÂ
\Ã Imdp-IÄ A[nIw ImWm³ Ign-bm-¯Xv
HcmgvN ap¼p kµÀin¨ t]mÀ¨p-K-en-em-bn-
cp¶psh¶Xv HmÀ¡p-¶p. C´y¡p ]pd-¯v,
AXy´w Zb- \ o- b m- h - Ø - b nepw Gähpw
tami-s¸« \ne-bnepw I@o-j-\nepw DÅ
Imdp-IÄ I@Xv ImTva-Þp-hn-em-bn-cp-¶p,
t\¸m-fnsâ Xe-Øm-\-¯v. AhnsS HmSp-¶-h-
bn-e-[n-Ihpw amcpXn Imdp-I-fm-Wv. SmIvknbpw
amcpXn Xs¶. AhnsS I@ Nne SmIvkn
Imdp-I-fpsS cq]hpw Ah-Øbpw AXoh Zb-
\o-b-am-bn-cp-¶p. Hc-Xn-i-tbm-àn-bp-an-ÃmsX ]
d-ªmÂ, \mw s]mfn-¨p-I-f-bm³ B{In-¡mÀ¡v
sImSp-¡p¶ Imdp-IÄ, t\¸mfn SmIvkn Imdp-
I-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sN¿p-t¼mÄ, BUw-_c
hml-\-§-fm-sW¶p ]d-tb-@n-h-cpw. Ib-dp-
sIm@v sI«n-bp-d-¸n¨ ap³-þ-]n³ _¼-dp-I-fpw,
Npfp§n Xpcp-s¼-Sp-¯v, he-n¨-S-¨m AtX
t^mgvkn XncnsI Xpd¶p h¶p \n¡p¶
tUmdp-I-fp-apÅ ImÀ ImW-W-sa-¦n t\¸m-
fn t]mbmÂa-Xn. \mw hntZ-in-I-sfm¶pw Cu
Agp¡p Imdp-I-fn Ib-dp-I-bn-Ã. \m«p-ImÀ
DÅn Ib-dn, tUmÀ Xpd¶p t]mhmsX
ssIsIm@p hen¨p DÅn-ep-d-¸n-¨mWp \o§p-
¶-Xv.
(Xp-Scpw)
57
 t\mhÂ
6

jmlpÂlaoZv sI.Sn.
Nn{Xo-IcWw: jm-^n kv-t{Sm-Ivkv

tN¼n-e-IÄ¡n-S-bn ]nW-bp¶
ico-c-§Ä

Ip ªqªv ]mb-bnÂ
Npcp-@p-d-§p-I-bm-Wv. ap¯n
ASp-¸qXn Im¸n-bp-@m-¡n. Im¸n
a¬tIm¸bn-te-s¡m-gn¨v NqtSmsS DuXn-
bqXn IpSn-¡p-t¼mÄ Ahs\ t\m¡n.
XI-c-jo-äp-IÄ¡n-S-bn-eqsS shfn¨w Xe-\o-
«p-¶p-@m-bn-cp-¶p. ap¯n Im¸n-¸m{Xw
AS¨p-sh¨v ASp-¡-f-bn \ns¶-gp-t¶-äp.
iÐ-ap-@m-¡msX ]Xnsb \S-¶v, XI-c-hm-
Xn Xpd¶v ]pd-¯p-I-S-¶p. Iqen-th-e-
¡mbn Bfp-IÄ Iq«t¯msS sXcp-hn-eqsS
\S-¶p-t]m-hp-¶p-@m-bn-cp-¶p.
Iqc-bpsS Xn®-bnse Nm¡p-Xp-d¶v ap¯n

58 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
 AXn-\-I-t¯¡v Xe-bn-«p-t\m-¡n. Nm¡n-\-cn-
In Ip´n-¨n-cp¶v N«-¡-S-em-kp-IÄ ASn-h-i-
t¯-¡p-\o-¡n. Ip¸n-I-sfÃmw apI-fn \nc-¯n,
Xpcp-¼n¨ Ccp¼p km[-\-§-sfÃmw hi-§-fnÂ
Xncp-In-sh-¨p. NqSn-¡-bÀsIm@v apdp-¡n-s¡«n
Nm¡v tXmfn-eq-sS-bn«v HmSbv¡p apI-fnse
apf-¦mepIfn-eqsS {]m©n-{]m©n \S-¶p.
sXcp-hn-te-bv¡n-d-§n-b-bp-Ss\ Nm¡v ssIIfnÂ
\n¶v Xmtg-¡qÀ¶p-ho-Wp. Ccp-¼p-km-[-\-§-
fpsS Iq«-¡-c-¨n-ep-IÄ¡p-Ån \n¶v Ip¸nIÄ
Nn¶n-¨n-X-dp¶ iÐ-ap-bÀ¶p. ap¯n Nm¡p-h-
en¨v sXcp-thm-c-t¯¡v \o¡p-t¼mÄ
ssk¡nfnsâ aWn-sbm-¨-IÄ tI«p. BÄ¡q-«-
¯n-\n-S-bn-eqsS hcp¶ Ccp-fm-@n-bpsS ssk¡n-
fns\ t\m¡n ssIbp-bÀ¯n.
""X¼o... X¼o... \nÀ¯v... \nÀ¯Sbv...''
""Um¡n\n A½q½ Cu shfp-¸m³Im-e-s¯-
§-«m...'' Ccp-fm@n ssk¡nÄ \nÀ¯n.
""Um¡n\n s\sâ...'' ap¯n lmân-enÂ
]nSn-¨p. ""X¼o, Ccvfm@o... H¶v s¶ Ihe-hsc
B¡n-¯m-Sm. Htcmt«m ]vSv¨v Cu Nms¡m¶v
sImt@m-hm-\m...''
""C¶m Ib-dv ]m«o...''
ap¯n kmcn s]m¡n-¸n-Sn¨v ssk¡n-fn-te¡v
Ib-dn. ssk¡nÄ BÄ¡q-«-¯n-\p-Ån-eqsS
aWnsbm-¨-I-fp-ambn \o§n. ap¯n Bfp-Isf
t\m¡n Nncn-tbmsS ssIhoin. ""hfn amdv...
amdn\v¡v... amdv...'' aWnbSn¨n«pw amdn-t¸m-hm-¯-

3 HIvtSm_À 2020
59
hÀ¡mbn Ccp-fm@n hm¡pIÄ hoin-sb-dn-
ªp. AXp-tI«v ap¯nbpw ""amdv... amdnt¸m
sImf-´Itf...'' F¶pcp-hn«v Ccp-ssI-Ifpw
hoin.
BÄ¡q-«-¯n-\n-S-bn-eqsS \S-¶p-h-cp¶
Ipªq-ªnsâ A½ B iÐw tI«p.
Nn¶n-¨n-X-dp¶ shfn-¨-¯-cn-IÄ¡n-S-bn-eqsS
ssk¡n-fns\ t\m¡n. s\än-bnse ¹mÌdn«
apdnhv s]m¯n-¸n-Sn¨v Xe-Xmgv¯n \S-¶p.
ssk¡n-f-cn-In-eqsS t]mIp-t¼mÄ A½
apJw-Xn-cn¨v ssIsIm@v apSn-sNm-dnªv
sXcp-thmc¯p \n¶p. aWn-sbm-¨-IÄ
IS-¶p-t]mbt¸mÄ A½
BÄ¡q-«-¯n-\n-S-bn-eqsS \S-¶p. ag-ta-
L§Ä Iq«ambv h¶v kqcy\p-ap-¼nÂ
]´semcp-¡m³ XpS-§p-¶p-@m-bn-cp-¶p.
Iqc-bpsS Nmcn-sh¨ XI-c-hm-Xn Xpd¶v
{Suk-dnsâ t]m¡-än \n¶v Npa¶
]¼-chpw Idp¯ \mS-bp-sa-Sp¯v
Xmhqkv k©n \ne¯p-sh-¨p.
]¼-c-¯n \mS-Npän hoin-sb-dn-
ªp. Id-§p¶ ]¼-cs¯ t\m¡n
Ipªqªv Nncn-tbmsS AXn\cnIn-
te¡v h¶p, sXcp-hn-eqsS \S¶p
t]mhp¶hcpw AXp t\m-¡n. Ah³
AXn-\-cn-In-en-cp¶p. Xncn-¨nÂ
Ignªv ]¼cw adnªp hoW-t¸mÄ
Ipªqªv Xe-bp-bÀ¯n Xm-
hq-kns\ t\m¡n.
A½ AI-t¯¡p Ib-dn. shfn-¨-¯nsâ
Ips¯mgp¡n ]mb-bn InS-¡p¶
Ipªqªv Xncn-ªp-In-S¶v Npcp-@p-Iq-Sn.
A½ hmXn-e-S-¨p. kmcnbpw
ASnhkv{X§fpw Agn-¨p-am-än amIvkn-bn«v
ASp-¡-f-bn-te¡v Ib-dn, ]m{X-§Ä Xpd-¶p-
t\m¡n. ]m{X¯nse NqSpÅ Im¸n
a¬tIm-¸-bn-te-s¡m-gn¨v tam´n-¡p-Sn-¨p.
apSn-hm-cn-s¡«n ]mb-¡-cn-In-te¡p \S-¶p.
Ipªq-ªn-\-cn-In InS¶v sI«n-¸n-Sn-¨-
t¸mÄ aeÀ¶p-In-S¶ Ah³ B hnc-ep-I-fn-
te¡p t\m¡n. s]mSp-¶s\bh³ A½-bn-
te¡p Xncnªv I®p-IÄ Xncp-½n.
""A½m...''
""A½m... sâ s_eqWv...'' A½ Xncn-ªp-
In-S-¶p, Ah-cpsS hnc-ep-IÄ s\änbnse
apdn-hn-te¡v hnd-b-temsS \o§n.
60
""A½m...''
""an@ms@ sIS¡vWvt@m...'' Xpf-IÄ
hoW ]pX-¸n-\m A½ tZlw aqSn.
Ipªqªv ta¡q-c-bnse Icn-]n-Sn¨
XI-c-jo-äp-Isf t\m¡n. XIcjo-äp-IÄ¡n-S-
bn-eqsS hcp¶ Imän F«p-Imenhe-IÄ
De-bp-¶p. he-IÄ ]nSn-¨p-sI-«m³ ]
mSp-s]-Sp-¶p@v F«p-Im-en-IÄ. A½-bpsS
IqÀ¡w-hen DbÀ¶p. Ipªqªv Fgpt¶äv
hmXn¡-te¡p \S-¶p.
hmXn Xpd¶v Ah³ apf-¦m-ep-IÄ¡-cn-
In-en-cp-¶p. XÅ-¸¶n Ip«n-I-fp-ambn
HmS-bn-eqsS H¨-sh¨p t]mhp-¶p. Idp¯
shÅ-¯nsâ Hgp-¡n-s\-Xnsc
\S-¶p-\o-§p¶ Ah-bpsS tZl-§-fnÂ
Agp¡v ]än-¸n-Sn-¨n-«p-@v. sXcp-hnse
BÄ¡q-«-¯n-\n-S-bn-eqsS \S-¶p-h-cp¶
Xmhq-kn-s\-b-h³ I@p. ssIbnse
aª-k©n B«n-bm«n hcp¶ Xmhqkv
Ahsâ hnfn-IÄ tI«-tX-bn-Ã. apfw-Im-en-
eqsS \S¶v sXcphnte¡n-d-§nb Ah³
D¨-¯n hnfn-¨p.
""Ipªq-tª, F¶mSm H¨-sh-¡vtW...?''
""Xmhq-sk-®m, Rm ]dª s_eqWv...''
""Rm\Xv ad-s¶sâ Ipªq-tª...
C¶-es¯ A´n-¸Wn Hcv hÃm¯...
Ipªqªv Iqc-bn-te¡v Xncnªp-\-S-¶p.
Sm... \v¡v, s\\¡v Rms\mcv ]¼cw
hm§o«v@v...''
{Suk-dnsâ t]m¡-än \n¶v Npa¶
]¼-chpw Idp¯ \mS-bp-sa-Sp¯v Xmhqkv
k©n \ne¯p-sh-¨p. ]¼-c-¯n \mS-Npän
hoin-sb-dn-ªp. Id-§p¶ ]¼-cs¯
t\m¡n Ipªqªv Nncn-tbmsS AXn\
cnInte¡v h¶p, sXcp-hn-eqsS \S¶p
t]mhp¶hcpw AXp t\m-¡n. Ah³
AXn-\-cn-In-en-cp¶p. Xncn-¨n Ignªv
]¼cw adnªp hoW-t¸mÄ Ipªqªv
Xe-bp-bÀ¯n Xmhq-kns\ t\m¡n.
""Xmhq-sk-®m, \n¡v s_eqWv
aXymbv¶p...''
""hm§mw, s_eqWv hm§n-¯cmw Sm...
\o hÃXpw Ign-t¨m...''
""CÃ...'' Xmhqkv k©n Ahsâ apJ-
t¯¡v hoin, aq¡n\v ap¼n-eqsS AXp
\o§p-t¼mÄ Ipªqªv ]ndtIm«v amdn.
""Int«ym... aWw Int«ym-Sm... IpkvI-bm-Wv...
hm... \p½¡v Iqtc-t¸mbn Xv¶mw...''
Ah³ Xmhq-kn-s\m¸w \S-¶p. Bbp-[-
§Ä aqÀ¨-Iq-«p-¶-hÀ ac-¡m-ep-I-fnÂ
]nSn-¸n¨ N{I-§-fpambn \S-¶p-t]m-Ip-¶-
X-h³ t\m¡n. AXn-sem-cp-h³ N{Iw-Xn-cn¨v
Ipªq-ªns\ t\m¡n ]dªp. ""1tLmsc
Pm, _rivSn BsÝ...'' Ah\bmtfmSv
Nncn¨v Xmhq-kn-\-cn-In-te¡v NmSn-¨m-Sn-tbm-
Sn.
ac-¸mew IS¶v AhÀ Imb-tem-cs¯
NXp-¸n-\-cn-In-te-¡pÅ hgn-bn-te-¡n-d§n.
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
AhnsS Ip«nIÄ
]´p-I-fn-¡p-¶p-@m-bn-cp-¶p. AXp-t\m¡n
AhÀ \S-¶p. Im¸-´p-sIm@v am{´n-I-ap-
t¶äw \S-¯p¶ `pP³, hmbp-hn ]p
f-ªp-sIm-@pÅASn ]mgmbt¸mÄ \ne-
¯p-InS¶v taL-§sf t\m¡n. ]ns¶
]nS-sª-gp-t¶äv ]´n-\p-]ndsI ]mbp-
t¼mÄ Ipªq-ªns\ hnfn-¨p. hmSm...
]´v s]mdv¡m³ \nt¶mSm...
""`pP-®m, CÃ... RmÃ... Ifn¡mw Iq«ym
hcm...'' Ipªqªv Xmhq-kn-s\m¸w
I@-en-\p-Ån-te¡p \S-¶p.
I@Âa-c-§-fnÂ\n¶v ISÂIm-¡-IÄ
Nnd-I-Sn¨v Imb¸-c-¸n-te¡p ]d¡p¶p@v.
ag-ta-L-§Ä I@en\p-Ån CcpÄ ]c-¯n-
bn-cp-¶p. Ccp-«ns\ Npw_n¨p-sIm@v \
cn-¨o-dp-IÄ hgn-bn ]mdn-¸d¶p sIm@n-cp-
¶p. cm{Xn s]bvX ag-bnepw Imänepw
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
HSn-ªp-Xq-§nb NnÃ-IÄ amän, Ce-I-fnÂ
\n¶pw s]mgnª ag-¯p-Ån-I-fn \\ªv
\S-¡p¶ AhÀ \oÀ¯-S-¯n-\-cn-Inse I@
Ât¨m-«n InS¶pd§p¶ PmhnA¨m-bs\
I@p.
""A¨m-b-s\´m AhvsS Hd§mtWm...?''
Ipªq-ªv tNmZn¨p.
""ChsS h¶m A¨m-b-s\-t¸mgpw B
I@Âa-c-t¨m-«nem sIS-¡m... \oÀ¯-S-¯n-
\-¸-ds¯ sNt¼fv \ndª NXv¸v It@m
Sm \obv...?'' tN¼ne-IÄ¡n-S-bn-eqsS \o
e-\n-d-apÅ ]q¼m-ä-IÄ Nnd-Ip-I-fm«n
]d-¡p-¶Xv Ipªqªv t\m¡n.
""]@v BXw-Xpcv¯vev _kqcn h¶v«v
sImtd-bm-tffv acv¨v«v@-s{X.! Hmscms¡
B tN¼n-e-¡m-«nem adhv sNbvXvcv¡vtW..!
AXnev A¨m-bsâ A¸\pw A½¨ow
s]§-fq-@-s{X..!''
61
62 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
 ""Cu _kqcn \nw htcm, Xmhq-sk-®m...?''
""Adn-bq-e, Ipªq-tª...''
then-tb-ä-¯m Nhn-«p-hgn shÅw-aq-Sn-b-
Xn-\m AhÀ \oÀ¯-S-¯n-\-cn-In-eqsS
\S-¶v, Ce¨mÀ¯p-IÄ¡p-Ån-eqsS \qgv¶v,
tN¼p-IÄ \ndª NXp-¸n-\-cn-In-eq-sS-bpÅ
hgn-bn-eqsS \S-¶p. \oe ]q¼mäIÄ
AhÀ¡-cn-In-eqsS ]mdn-¸-d-¶p. ag-s]m-Snªv
I@en-e-I-fn-te¡p hogp-¶p@v.
Imän-ep-e-bp¶ tN¼n-e-I-fn Xnf-§p¶
PetKm-f-§Ä Cf-In-bm-Sp-¶p-@v. Hmd©p-
]q-hp-IÄ Ce-IfpsS ]¨-¸p-IÄ¡p-ÅnÂ
\n¶v am\-t¯¡v Xe-\o«n \n¡p¶p.
tN¼n-e-IÄ hnd-¡p-¶-Xp-I@v AhÀ Ip
\nªn-cp¶v X@p-IÄ¡n-S-bn-eqsS t\m¡n.
apgp¯ ]¨-¯-@p-IÄ¡p-Ån c@p
ico-c-§Ä ]nWbp¶p. CSbv¡nSbv¡pÅ
NncnIÄ kv{Xobp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-¶p, ]pcp-j-s\
t´m ]ndp-]n-dp-¡p¶p. Xmhqkn-sâbpw
Ipªq-ªn-sâbpw I®p-Ifpw ImXp-Ifpw
Idp¯ ta\n-¯n-f-¡-fn-te¡v ]½n-¡q-Sn.
""2D±¡q lc-Un-s¡m-@n-cph l¯nb
slme-K-fnµ lmZp-_-cph KmfnsK
ssasbmÍn AsZãp cm{Xn-Kfp \mhp
sPmsXKpUn-s±-hp...''
""3ktcm-P, kqcn-a-sf-bÃn as\,
slmeKf¶p Isf-Zp-sIm@ \mhp CuK
Cu KÃn-b-Ãn, Incp-tIm-sW-b-Ãn, _l-fãp
awZn-b-\-Up-sh, Hs½ Npw_nkphp-Z¡q kl-
km-[y-hm-K-sZ...''
]pd-In \n¶mcpsStbm ImÂs¸-cp-amäw
tI«v Xmhqkv Xncn-ªp-t\m-¡n.
PmhnA¨m-b³ sNhn¡p ]nSn¨v Xncn¨v
hen-¨p-sIm-@p-t]m-hp-t¼mÄ tN¼p-IÄ¡n-S-
bnÂ\n¶v Is®-Sp-¡msX Ip\n-ªp-\nÂ
¡p¶ Ipªq-ªn-s\mcp X«p-sIm-Sp-¯p.
sR«n-¯n-cnª Ah-t\mSv IqsS-t¸m-cm³
Pman A¨mb³ BwKyw ImWn-¨p.
""§sf-´n\m B hgn¡v t]mtb...?''
""A¨m-bm... \p½fv t]mW hgoev Gäv
shÅw Ib-dn...''
""ap§n-¨m-thm-¶q-ÃtÃm c@pw, B
hgn-Xs¶ t]mbm-a-Xn...''
""Hmsc´m sN¿-W-X-¨m-bm...?''
Ipªqªv tNmZn-¨p.
""Hmcv th@m-¯-sXm¶pw sNbvWvÃ.
FÃmw hfcvt¼m \ob-dn-bpw... Cs¸m
Iqtc¡v t]mhmw t\m¡v...''
apt«mfw shÅ-apÅ hgn-bn-eqsS AhÀ
\S-¶p. I@-ensâ IS-bnse thcp-]-S-e-
§Ä¡p-Ån c@v tNc-IÄ Npän-¸n-W-bp-
¶Xv Ipªqªv I@p. Ah-\-Xpw-t\m¡n
\S¶p. ""Chcpw AtX ]Wn-bn-em-WtÃm...!
CsX´v ]Wn-bm...?'' Ah³ Xe-sNm-dn-ªp.
Xmhq-k-t¸mÄ Ic-bn \n¡p¶ Pmhn
A¨m-bs\ Xncnªp t\m¡n.
""A¨m-b³ hcvWvtÃ...?''
""hcm-sa-Sm... \n-s¡m¶v Xqd-Ww...''
AbmÄ XpWn-s]m-¡n, ASv¯pÅ I@
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
ÂsN-Sn-IÄ¡p-Ån-te¡v \qgv¶p-I-b-dn, Hcp-]
äw \oet¡m-gnIÄ H¨-sh¨p ]d-¶p.
Iqc-bn acn-bs\ I@n-Ã. AhÀ
Iqc-¡p-Npäpw \S¶v hnfn-¨pt\m¡n.
Imbtemf-§-fn BSnbpebp¶ sImXp-¼p-
h-Å-¯n-\-cn-In-se¯n AhÀ. acn-b³
AXn-\-I¯v Npcp-@p-d-§p-¶-Xp-I-@p.
Xmhqkpw Ipªqªpw ]c-kv]cw t\m¡n
Nncn-¨p.
""acn-bm... CsX-t´m¶v Hd-¡m...?'' acn-b³
Ccp@ ImÀta-L-§-fnÂ\n¶v s]mgnbp¶
s]mSn-a-g-bn-te¡v I®p-Xpd¶p. hÅ-¯nÂ
FWo-än-cp-¶p.
""Xmhq-tk, Rm¶vse sâ A¸s\ I@p!
tImf-\o¶v t¶wIq«n ae-tam-fn-te¡v t]mW
cm{Xn... kz]v\¯nev...!'' hÅ-¯n-\p-ÅnÂ
Xfw-sI-«nb Pe-¯n-te-¡p-t\m¡n Xe-Xm-
gv¯n-bn-cp-¶p, acnb³.
Imän-ep-e-bp¶ tN¼n-e-I-fn Xnf-
§p¶ PetKm-f-§Ä Cf-In-bm-Sp-
¶p-@v. Hmd©p-]q-hp-IÄ Ce-IfpsS
]¨-¸p-IÄ¡p-Ån \n¶v am\-
t¯¡v Xe-\o«n \n¡p¶p. tN¼n-
e-IÄ hnd-¡p-¶-Xp-I@v AhÀ Ip
\nªn-cp¶v X@p-IÄ¡n-S-bn-eqsS
t\m¡n. apgp¯ ]¨-¯-@p-IÄ¡p-
Ån c@p ico-c-§Ä ]nW
bp¶p. CSbv¡nSbv¡pÅ NncnIÄ
kv{Xobp-tS-Xm-bn-cp-¶p, ]pcp-j-s\
t´m ]ndp-]n-dp-¡p¶p.
""ae ImWn-¨vX-cm¶v ]dªv A¸\v
\ns¶ GXv ae-bn-te-¡m sImt@m-b-Xv,
acnbm?'' Xmhqkv ac-nbsâ tXmfn ]nSn¨p.
Imb ]c-¸n ag-¯p-Ån-IÄ sNdp-h-f-b-
§-fp-XnÀ¡p-¶p-@m-bn-cp-¶p. ISÂ`m-K-¯p-
\n¶v tNc-s¡m-¡p-IÄ Iq«-ambn I@
ep-I-fn-te¡v tNt¡-dp-¶p-@m-bn-cp-¶p.
""ae-s©-cvhvse Hcv d_-sd-tÌ-ämbvcv¶v
AXv... AhsS R§-sf-t¸mse Iptd-bm-fvI-
fv...!''
(Xp-Scpw)
1 þ ""ag hcp-¶p@v, Iqc-bn-te¡v t]m...''
2 þ ""]c¶p InS¡p¶ ]cp-¯n¸mS-§-fn-eqsS
IS-¶p-h-cp¶ Imtääv F{Xtbm cm{XnIÄ
\½fnWtNÀ¶p...!''
3 þ ""ktcmP, B t]am-cn-bn ]mS-§fpw hoSpw
\ã-s¸« \½Ä, Ct¸mÄ, ChnsS Hcp CSp§nb
apdn-bnÂ, Iptd Bfp-IÄ¡n-S-bnÂ, H¶v Npw_n¡m³
t]mep-am-hm-sX...!''
63
Fw.F³ Im-c-tÈ-cn

ImÂ-]-\n-I-X-bp-sS ]q-\n-em-hnÂ
15
`m -h-\-bp-sS {]m-[m-\yw Ip-d-¨p Im-Wp-I
km-ln-Xy-¯n-\p ln-X-I-c-a-Ã. ImÂ-
]-\n-I {]-Øm-\w `m-h-\-bv-¡v a-sä-´n-
t\-¡m-fpw {]m-[m-\yw sIm-Sp-¡p-¶p. ImÂ-]-\n-I
{]-Øm-\-¯n-sâ {]-tXy-I-X-I-fm-bn kp-Ip-amÀ
s]m-§-¨-t¯-bp-sam-s¡ `q-j-W-am-bn A-Wn-ªp
\-S-¡p-¶-h-sc Xo-£v-W-am-bn ]-cn-l-kn-¡p-¶
H-cm-fm-bn _-joÀ X-sâ t\m-h-ep-I-fn {]-Xy-£-
s¸-«n-«p@v.

A-go-t¡m-Sv C-h-sb F-®p-¶p. "hy-àn-bn-se {]- A-\nÀ-h-N-\o-b-X-bp-sS Im-ap-I³

[m-\yw, kz-Io-b tem-I-kr-jv-Sn-¡p-Å Xz-c, C-l-
tem-I ssh-cp-[yw, A-b-Ym-Øn-XnI-Xzw, A-eu-In-
I-X, D-]t- _m-[ ]-cX - , G-Im-In-bp-sS tim-Im-ßI - X
- ,
kz-]v-\m-\p-`q-Xn-{]n-bw, hn-c-tlmÂ-¡-WvT'9
ImÂ-]-\n-I-X-bp-sS Cu a-t\m-`m-h-§Ä an-¡-
Xp-ap-Å t\m-h-en-Ìm-Wv _-joÀ.
A-´À-ap-J-X X-sâ Im-e-L-«-¯n G-ä-hp-a-[n-
Iw {]-ZÀ-in-¸n-¡p-¶ hy-àn _-jo-d-s{X. A-t±-lw
Iq-Sp-XÂ F-gp-Xn-bn-«p-Å-Xpw X-s¶-¡p-dn-¨p X-s¶.
kv-t\-l-¯n-sâ-bpw \-·-bp-sS-bpw X-Xz-im-kv-{Xw
am-{Xw `-cn-¡p-¶ H-cp tem-Iw A-t±-lw X-sâ t\m-
h-ep-I-fn-eq-sS kr-jv-Sn-¡p-¶p. hÀ-¯-am-\-Im-e
Po-hn-X-¯n-sâ hr-¯n-tI-Sp-I-tfm-Sv A-t±-l-¯n-
\p-Å {]-Xn-tj-[-am-Wv i-_v-Z-§-fn-epw \n-g-en-epw
a-äpw ap-g-§p-¶-Xv. bm-Ym-Øn-Xn-I-X-sb A-t§-b-
äw F-XnÀ-¡p-¶ H-cm-fm-bn, ]m-c¼ - c- y-t_m-[t- ¯-bpw
kw-Ko-X-t¯m-Spw \n-em-hn-t\m-Spw ]q-¡-tfm-Spw
H-s¡ A-XnÀ-I-S-¶ _-Ô-ap-Å-Xm-Wv A-t±-l-¯n-
sâ a-\-Êv. A-]m-c-hpw A-eu-In-I-hp-am-b i-àn-
ku-µ-cy-§-fp-sS ap-¼n ssI-Iq-¸p-¶ I-em-Im-c-
s\-bm-Wv _-jo-dn Im-Wp-I. a-Xn-ep-I-fn \n-¶p
am-{Xw D-Zm-l-cn-¡mw.
H-cp sN-dp-{Km-aw. ]n-s¶-b-t§m-«v B-bn-c-am-bn-cw
ssa a-cp-`q-an. C-Xp-t]m-ep-Å H-cp k-Ôy. Rm-
\m a-cp-`q-an-bn-te-¡n-d-§n. G-Xm@v H-cp ssaÂ
\-S-¶p-Im-Wpw. Np-äpw sh¬-]-«p hn-cn-¨-Xp-t]m-se
a-WÂ-]-c-¸v. a-WÂ ]-c-¸p am-{Xw. Rm³ tem-I-
¯n-sâ H-¯ \-Sp-¡v. X-e-¡v ao-sX ssI-sb-¯n-¨p
sXm-Sm-hp-¶ D-b-c-¯n ]qÀ-W-N-{µ³. I-gp-In
sh- S p- ¸ m- ¡ n- b \o- e m- I m- i w. ]qÀ- W - N - { µ\pw
\-£-{X-§-fpw. h-f-sc ap-gp-t¸m-sS Xn-f-§p-¶ \-£-
{X-§Ä. tIm-Sn....A-\-´-tIm-Sn.... F-®-an-Ãm-¯

\-·-bp-sS
sh-fn-¨w
sdmamâ n¡nsâ Bßmhpw dnbenÌnsâ _p²nbpapÅ t\mhenÌmWv
_joÀ. GImInbmb HcÀ°mt\zjI\mWt±lw. CXnhr¯¯nepw
BJym\¯nepw `mh\tb¡mÄ bmYmÀ°ys¯ At±lw D]
tbmKs¸Sp¯p¶p. a®n Imepd¸n¨p \S¡pt¼mÄXs¶ BImi
§fn NndIphncp¯n¸d¡p¶hcmWv _jodnsâ IYm]m{X§Ä.

64 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
hc: Sn.]n {io-[-c³

65
\-£-{X-§Ä....
]qÀ-W-hr-¯-¯n N-{µ³.
\n-È-_v-Z {]-]-©w... F-¶mÂ....F-t´m.....G
-tXm Zn-hy-am-b \n-È-_v-Z kw-Ko-Xw t]m-se....
\m-Z-{_-Ò-¯n-sâ A-\-´-am-b hn-{`-aw. F-Ãmw
A-Xn ap-gp-In-t¸m-bn-cn-¡p-¶p. B-\-µm-Ûp-X-
t¯m-sS \n-¶p, F-sâ B-\-µ-hpw A-Ûp-X-hpw
I-®p-\o-cm-bn am-dn. Rm³ I-c-ªp. B-h-Xn-Ãm-
sX I-c-ªp-sIm@v Rm³ Hm-Sn.
"tem-Im-tem-I-§-fp-sS {k-jv-Sm-th! F-s¶
c-£n-¡v. F-\n-¡n-sX-¶n DÄ-s¡m-Åm³ km-
[y-a-Ã. \n-sâ Cu a-lm-{]-`m-hw.... Cu a-lm
A-Ûp-Xw. Rm³ h-f-sc sN-dn-sbm-cp Po-hn-bm-
Wv. F-\n-¡v h-¿. F-s¶ c-£n-¡v' 10
H-cp ImÂ-]-\n-I lr-Z-b-¯n-s\ A-eu-In-I
ku-µ-cy-¯n-\p t\-sc tXm-¶p-¶ A-\nÀ-h-N-
\o-b-am-b hn-Im-c hn-ti-j-§Ä C-hn-sS hn-h-cn-
¨n-cn-¡p-¶p. B B-Jym-\-¯n F-´n-\v ]-Z-§-
fp-sS Xn-c-sª-Sp-¸nÂ-Iq-Sn, B hn-{`-a-hpw
B-\-µ-hpw {]-I-S-am-Wv. _-jo-dn-sâ Cu a-t\m-
`m-hw sN-dp-I-Y-I-fn Iq-Sp-X Im-Wmw.
tem-Im-tem-I-§-fp-sS {k-jv-Sm-hv, {]-]-©
c-£n-Xm-hv, ku-c-bq-Yw, A-Wv-U-I-Sm-lw,
{_-Òm-Wv-Uw, `q-tKm-fw, {]-]-©w, a-lm-Xo-cw
Xp-S-§n G-Xv k-µÀ-`-¯n-epw {]-tbm-Kn-¡m³
_-joÀ C-jv-S-s¸-Sp-¶ ]-Z-§Ä Cu a-t\m-`m-
h-s¯ Im-Wn-¡p-¶p.
hpw tam-l-\-hp-am-b H-cp `m-hn-bp-s@¶v 14
a-\p-jy³ A-h-sâ G-ä-hp-a-Sn-bn \-Ã-h-\m-
sW-¶p _-joÀ hn-iz-kn-¡p-¶p. a-\p-jy-\n-ep-Å
Cu hn-izm-kw ImÂ-]-\n-IÀ-¡v k-l-P-am-W-
tÃm.
ImÂ-]-\n-I-X-bp-sS Cu Aw-i-§-sf-Ãm-
ap@m-bn-«pw H-cp Xn-I-ª ImÂ-]-\n-I-s\-b-Ã
_-jo-dn I@p-ap-«p-¶-Xv. sXm-«m I-®p-Xp-
d-¶p-t]m-Ipw F-¶n-S-t¯m-fw _-jo-dn-sâ hn-
Im-cm-hn-jv-I-c-Ww h-f-cmw. a-äp ]-e ImÂ-]-\n-
I- c n- e pw A- \ p- ` - h - s ¸- S p- ¶ - X p- t ]m- s e. A-
sXm-cn-¡-epw "hn-Im-c-¯n-sâ sh-Å-¨m-«w' 15
B-bn-¯o-cp-¶n-Ã. \n-Êw-K-X ]p-eÀ-¯m-\m-Wv,
B-th-iw sIm-Åm-\-Ã A-t±-l-¯n-sâ {i-aw.
ImÂ-]-\n-I lr-Z-b-s¯ B-IÀ-jn-t¡@
]-e-Xn-t\-bpw _-joÀ ]-cn-l-kn-¡p-¶p@v. D-Zm-
l-c-W-¯n-\p a-Xn-ep-IÄ, âp-¸q-¸, k-Jn Xp-S-
§n-b-h-bn t{]-a-¯n-sâ ]-hn-{X-X-sb-¡p-dn-¨v
F-gp-Xp-¶ BÄ-X-s¶-bm-Wv te-J-\-¯n-epw
a-äpw t{]-a-s¯-bpw Im-ap-Io Im-ap-I-·m-sc-bpw
]-cn-l-kn-¡p-¶-Xv. "In-¨n-¡n-¶m-cw' F-¶pw

a-\p-jy-\n-ep-Å hn-izm-kw
G-Im-In-bm-b H-cÀ-°m-t\z-j-I-s\-bm-Wv
_-jo-dn I@p-ap-«p-¶-Xv. {]-iv-\-k-¦oÀ-W-X-
IÄ-¡v \-Sp-hn-se hy-àn-b-Ã. hy-àn-¡p-Ån-se
{]-iv-\ k-¦oÀ-W-X-I-fm-Wv A-t±-l-¯n-sâ hn-
j-bw. B G-Im-In-I-fp-sS Zpx-J-am-Wv _-joÀ
B-hn-jv-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
"G-Im-´-am-b lr-Z-bw! A-Xn-sâ a-lm-Xo-c-
¯p-\n-¶v h-¶p-tN-cp-¶ H-cp tim-I-Km-\-am-Wn-
Xv' 11 F-¶v X-sâ H-cp t\m-h-en-s\-¡p-dn-¨v
_-joÀ X-s¶ ]-d-bp-¶p.
I-gn-ªp-t]m-b F-´n-t\m-Sp-ap-Å Zm-lw,
A-Xn-s\-¡p-dn-t¨mÀ-¡p-t¼m-gp-Å Xo-{h-Zpx-Jw
_-jo-dn-sâ Øm-bo-`m-h-am-Wv. A-t±-lw kr-jv-
Sn-¨ H-cp cw-K-an-Xm.
"A-hÄ ]-d-bpw'
"Rm³ ]@s¯ am-Xn-cn-b-Ã Nn-cn-¡p-¶-Xv?'
"A-Ã, C-t¸m-g-s¯ Nn-cn-bn I-®p-\o-cp-
Å-Xp-t]m-se-þ'
Hm. A-Xp Rm³ h-fÀ-¶p t]m-bn-«m-bn-cn-¡mw.
H-«p I-gn-ªp: \mw h-f-tc@m-bn-cp-¶p.12
Ip-«n-¡m-e-s¯-¡p-dn-¨v G-Xv ImÂ-]-\n-I
lr-Z-b-¯n-\p-ap@m-Ip-¶ Zpx-J-am-Wn-Xv. _m-ey-
t¯-bpw bu-h-\-t¯-bp-am-Wv _-joÀ hn-j-b-
am-¡n-bn-«p-Å-Xpw-þ \-jv-S-aq-ey-hn-jm-Zw _-jo-
hc: Sn.]n {io-[-c³

dn-sâ H-cp {]-_-emw-i-a-s{X. i-_v-Z-§Ä,

\n-g-en F-¶o Ir-Xn-I-fn kz-c-ap-bÀ-¶pw
a-äp-Å-h-bn kz-cw Xm-gv-¶pw B hn-jm-Z-¯n-
sâ tX- § - e p- I - f m- W v A- \ p- ` - h - s ¸- S p- ¶ - X v .
"F-s´m-c-Ûp-X Po-hn-I-fm-Wv a-\p-jyÀ' 13 F-¶v
A-Ûp-X-s¸-Sp-t¼m-gpw a-\p-jy-hw-i-¯n-\v [o-c-

66 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
A-t±-l-¯n-\v ]-cn-lm-k-hn-j-b-hp-am-Wv. H-cp
b-YmÀ-° hm-Zn-¡p-am-{Xw tNÀ-¶ hn-[-¯nÂ
{]m-tbm-Kn-I-X-sb-¡p-dn-¨v t_m-[-ap-Å-Xp-sIm
@m-Wv C-¯-cw bp-h-Xz-¯n-sâ Nm-]-ey-§-tf-
bpw a-äpw A-t±-lw B-t£-]n-¡p-¶-Xv. C-Xn-
hr-¯-¯n-epw B-Jym-\-¯n-epw `m-h-\-tb-
¡mÄ Iq- S p- X Â bm- Y mÀ- ° y- s ¯- b m- W v
A-t±-lw D-]-tbm-K-s¸-Sp-¯p-¶-Xv. Po-hn-X
\n-tj-[-¯n-tem hn-jm-Zm-ß-I-X-bn-tem A-t±-
lw sN-s¶-¯p-¶p-an-Ã. _-jo-sd-gp-Xn-b G-ä-
hpw \-à {Sm-P-Un-bm-b a-Xn-ep-I-fn t]m-epw
i-cn, \m-cm-b-Wn, aw-K-fw F-¶p a-\-Ên ]-d-
ªp P-bn-en \n-¶v C-d-§p-¶ \m-b-I³ s]-
cp-h-gn-bn h-f-sc t\-cw \nÂ-¡p-¶-tX-bp-
Åq. 16 A- b m- f p- s S bm- { X Xp- S - c p- ¶ p@v
F-¶À-°w.
cm-P-k-¦Â-¸w
C-hn-sS a-Po-Zn-s\-¡p-dn-¨v AÂ-]w ]-d-tb@
Xp@v. _m-ey-Im-e-k-Jn-bn-se Cu \m-b-I
I-Ym-]m-{Xw sXm-®q-ä-©p i-X-am-\w Rm³
X-s¶-bm-sW-¶v _-joÀ ]-d-bp-¶p.17 {]-kv-Xp-X
I-Ym-]m-{Xw _-jo-dn-se ImÂ-]-\n-I `m-h-¯n-
sâ {]-Xn-\n-[n Iq-Sn-bm-Wv. A-bm-sf-¡p-dn-¨v
A-hn-S-hn-sS-bm-bn t\m-h-en-Ìv F-gp-Xn-bn-«p-Å
hm-Iy-§Ä C-Xm:
"a-Po-Zn-sâ kz-]v-\-§Ä A-Xp-ey-§-fm-Wv:
X-¦-sh-fn-¨-¯n ap-§n-b H-cp kp-µ-c-tem-Iw....
`m-h-\-bp-sS A-Sn-a-bm-Wv a-Po-Zv.... `m-hn-bnÂ
A-Xyp-¶-X-am-b H-cp a-Wn-am-fn-I A-hÀ ]-Wn-
bn-¡pw. A-Xn-sâ `n-¯n-I-sf-Ãmw kzÀ-®-am-Wv.
X-\n am-Wn-Iy-¡-Ãp-I-fm-Wv A-Xn-sâ Xn-®.18
B am-fn-I-¡v am-\-t¯m-fw s]m-¡-ap@v. A-hn-
sS A-h-sâ Iq-sS Xm-a-kn-¡m³ H-cp cm-P-Ip-
am-cn Im-Wpw. "N-{I-hm-f-¯n-sâ A-¸p-d-¯p-Å
tem-I-§Ä Im-Wp-hm³ A-h-\p sIm-Xn-bm-
Wv.'19
"A-`n-am-\-¯n-sâ Im-X-em-bn-cp-¶p A-bm
Ä'20 "D-Öo-h-\ Nn-´-I-fpw DÂ-Ir-jv-Sm-ZÀ-i-
§-fp-am-Wv a-Po-Zn-s\ \-bn-¡p-¶-Xv.'21 hn-jm-
Zm-ß-I-\m-bn A-bmÄ \m-«n-te-¡v Xn-cn-¨p.22
A-bmÄ kp-lv-dm-tbm-Sv ]-d-bp-I-bm-Wv! "....
tim-`-\-am-b `m-hn-bp-s@¶p hn-iz-kn-¡q'23
Np-cp-¡-¯n A-bmÄ H-cp kz-]v-\-Po-hn-bm-
bn-cp-¶p. X-tâ-bpw kp-lv-dm-bp-tS-bpw kv-t\-l-
¯n-sâ H-¶p-IÄ Iq-«n-bm "D-½n-Wn _-ey
H-¶v' F-¶ D-¯-cw In-«p-sa-¶ A-bm-fp-sS hn-
izm-kw i-cn-bm-bn-cn-¡mw.' B D-¯-c-¯n-\v
{]m-tbm-Kn-I-X-bp-sS A-[ym-]-\-¯n \n-¶p
]q-Pyw amÀ-t¡ In-«q; a-Po-Zn-\v A-tX In-«n-bn-
«p-ap-Åq.
a-Po-Zn-se Cu cm-P-k-¦Â-]w am-{X-sa-Sp-
¡p-I. \n-Xy-Po-hn-X-¯n-epw km-ln-Xy Po-hn-X-
¯n-epw B k-¦Â-]w _-jo-dn-s\ kzm-[o-\n-
¡p- ¶ p. t_- ¸ qÀ \- h m- s _- ¶ pw t_- ¸ qÀ
kpÂ-¯m-s\-¶p-sam-s¡-bm-Wv A-t±-lw A-dn-
b-s¸-Sp-¶-Xv. Iu-ap-Zn A-t±-l-¯n-s\-t¸m-gpw
cm-P-Ip-am-cn-bm-Wv. kz-´w Im-cy-§-sf-¡p-dn-¨p
hm-gp-I. knw-lm-k-\w, G-I-O-{Xm-[n-]-Xn, cm-
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
ImÂ-]-\n-I-X-bp-sS Cu Aw-i-§-
sf-Ãm-ap@m-bn-«pw H-cp Xn-I-ª
ImÂ-]-\n-I-s\-b-Ã _-jo-dnÂ
I@p-ap-«p-¶-Xv. sXm-«m I-®p-
Xp-d-¶p-t]m-Ipw F-¶n-S-t¯m-fw
_-jo-dn-sâ hn-Im-cm-hn-jv-I-c-Ww
h-f-cmw. a-äp ]-e ImÂ-]-\n-I-cn-epw
A-\p-`-h-s¸-Sp-¶-Xp-t]m-se. A-
sXm-cn-¡-epw "hn-Im-c-¯n-sâ sh-
Å-¨m-«w' 15 B-bn-¯o-cp-¶n-Ã.
\n-Êw-K-X ]p-eÀ-¯m-\m-Wv, B-th-
iw sIm-Åm-\-Ã A-t±-l-¯n-sâ
{i-aw. ImÂ-]-\n-I lr-Z-b-s¯
B-IÀ-jn-t¡@ ]-e-Xn-t\-bpw
_-joÀ ]-cn-l-kn-¡p-¶p@v.
P-Io-b `-£-Ww, kÀ-hm-[n-]-Xn \mw, \-ap-¡v
F-s¶m-s¡-bm-Wv A-t±-lw F-gp-Xm-dp-Å-Xv.
F-´n-\-[n-Iw, a-IÄ-¡v cm-P (jm-ln-\) F-¶m-
W-t±-lw t]-cn-Sp-¶-Xv. C-¯-cw kz-]v-\-§-fp-sS-
bpw k-¦Â-]-§-fp-tS-bp-sam-s¡ kr-jv-Sn-bm-Wv
A-Xn-sâ Zp-c-´-§Ä G-äp-hm-§p-¶ a-Po-Zv.
C-Xn-sâ t\À hn-]-co-X-am-b Nn-´m-K-Xn-bp-sS
kr-jv-Sn-bm-Wv âp-¸q-¸-bn-se \m-b-I-\m-b A-l-
a-Zv. {]m-tbm-Kn-I-X a-\p-jy-cq-]-¯n A-h-X-
cn-¨-Xm-W-bmÄ. A-bm-fp-sS {]-W-b-hpw Po-hn-
X-hp-sam-s¡ hn-P-b-¯n-sâ D-Zm-l-c-W-am-bn-
«m-Wv _-joÀ Nn-{Xo-I-cn-¡p-¶-Xv.
Np-cp-¡-¯n _-jo-dn-sâ D-Ån-se bm-YmÀ-
°yw a-Po-Zm-bn-cp-¶-t¸m-gpw A-t±-l-¯n-sâ
k-¦Â-¸w \n-kmÀ A-lv-a-Zm-bn-cp-¶p.
(Xp-Scpw)
9 kpIpamÀ Agot¡mSv "sdmamânkk¯nsâ ]
Ým¯ew' i¦c¡pdp¸v hnaÀin¡s¸Sp¶p, 2þmw ]Xn¸v
(tImgnt¡mSv, 1965) `mKw: 8
10 aXnepIÄ, `m: 16-þ-17
11 1 bid, `m: 5
12 kJn, `m: 50
13 i_vZ§Ä, `m: 42
14 1 bid, `m: 45
15 kpIpamÀ Agot¡mSv "sdmamânkk¯nsâ ]
Ým¯ew' i¦c¡pdp¸v hnaÀin¡s¸Sp¶p, 2þmw ]Xn¸v
(tImgnt¡mSv, 1965) `mKw: 8
16 aXnepIÄ, `m: 52, 53
17 ssh¡w apl½Zv _joÀþ HmÀabpsS AdIÄ
tIm«bw, 1973) `m: 204
18 kJn, `m: 19
19 1 bid, `m: 51
20 1 bid, `m: 54
21 1 bid, `m: 54
22 1 bid, `m: 58þ59
23 1 bid, `m: 70
24 ssh¡w apl½Zv _joÀþ "Hgnª hoSv ' þ
"hnUvVnIfpsS kzÀKw', 2þmw ]Xn¸v, tIm«bw, 1950) `m:
103
67
 ap\oÀ tXmÂs¸«n IY
Nn{Xo-I-cWw: kPohv Iog-cnbqÀ

Xp
_m¡n...
emag tXmÀ¶nd§nt¸mb
\m«phgnbn Ct¸mgpw HgpIn
adbp¶p s]bvXXnsâ
HmÀaIsf Xncªnd§nb
bm{Xbv¡nSbn Nn´IfpsS `mcw ]
et¸mgpw ImgvNIsf
ambv¨pIfªncp¶p...
s]bvXnd§nt¸mb ag t]msebmWv
NneÀ..
B t\cs¯ am{Xw tXm¶Â..
]ns¶ Nmens«mgpInb ]mSpIÄ am{Xw.
\o@p t]mIp¶ a¬]mXIÄ
ImeSn¸mSnsâ tImew XoÀ¯ncn¡p¶p...
apt¼ \S¶hÀ....
AcnIp tNÀ¶v \S¶hÀ...
thK¯n hy{KX Im«n ImÂ]mSv
ASÀ¶p t]mbhÀ...
\r¯ Xmfw Nhn«n t]mbhÀ...
]nt¶m«v \S¶hÀ...
Xncn¨p t]mbhÀ...
ChnsS Imev]mSpIfpw IY ]
dbpIbmWv
Xsâ Imev]mSpIÄ FXv IYbpsS
tImew hcbv¡psat¶mÀ¯v
A]cnNnXXz¯nsâ Ipgª
Ifna®n Nhn«nbt¸mÄ Ahsfm¶v
\n¶p.
CXn Fsâ ImÂ]mSpIÄ XoÀ¡p¶
Nn{Xw GXmhpw!
\S¶ Zqcw I®pIÄ Xncnªp t\m¡n.
ASbmfs¸Sp¯m³ Hcp ImeSnbnÃmsX
s]mbv¡m cq]ambn ]n¶nse
a¬XcnIÄ...
Nne tNmZy§Ä¡pÅ D¯cw
Is@¯p¶Xnt\¡mÄ B tNmZy§Ä
XoÀ¯ adptNmZy§sfbmWv Ct¸mÄ
`bw.
D¯c§fnte¡v \ofp¶
kahmIy§fmIs« Ipdp¡phgn tXSn
]ehgn t]mbn.
a\¡W¡v X¶ D¯c¯n\v
kahmIy§Ä ]dbm\mbXpanÃ...
Cu bm{Xbpw D¯c§Ä tXSn
Xs¶bmWv.
kvt\l¯nsâ A\´XIÄ apgph³
kz´am¡nsb¶ tXm¶en sNs¶¯n
\n¶ Cfw shbnensâ Ipfncn \n¶v
s]mSp¶s\ A{]Xy£amb Hcmsf tXSn
hÀj§Ä¡n¸pdw Hcp bm{X.
"NneÀ \½sf Dt]£n¨p
F¶dnbpt¼mgpÅ thZ\ \½fpw Ahsc
Dt]£n¡pw hcsb DÅq F¶v
CubSp¯mWv Hcp kplr¯v HmÀan¸n¨Xv.'

68 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
69
 BZyambmWv C{Xbpw Zqcw X\n¨v
bm{X sN¿p¶Xv. F´ns\¶
tNmZy§Ä¡v ]etcmSpw ]dªXv ]e
D¯c§fmWv.
AXnsem¶nepw X\n¡v th@
D¯cap@mbnÃ.
\Kc¯nc¡nsâ H¨sb Dt]£n¨v
_kv Im«phgnIÄ ]n¶n«pXpS§nbt¸mgpw
a\kn `bw tXm¶nbnÃ. tImSaqSnb
aebpsS Xmg¯qsS ]¨¸ns\
hIªpamänb tdmUneqsS ae XgpIn h¶
Imäv apgph³ Gäphm§n _Ênse bm{X.
GsXÃmsams¡tbm Im«nShgnIÄ¡v
ap¼n Xnc¡pIÄ ad¶v NneÀ Cd§n
adbp¶p.
AÃ, ]nt¶m«v adbp¶ ImgvNbnÂ
\Kc¯nc¡nsâ H¨sb Dt]£n¨v _kv
Im«phgnIÄ ]n¶n«pXpS§nbt¸mgpw
a\kn `bw tXm¶nbnÃ. tIm-
SaqSnb aebpsS Xmg¯qsS ]¨¸ns\
hIªpamänb tdmUneqsS ae XgpIn
h¶ Imäv apgph³ Gäphm§n _Ênse
bm{X. GsXÃmsams¡tbm Im«nSh-
gnIÄ¡v ap¼n Xnc¡pIÄ ad¶v NneÀ
Cd§n adbp¶p. AÃ, ]nt¶m«v adbp¶
ImgvNbn Ahsc ]¨¸v hngp§pIbm
bncp¶p. Ahkm\ kvtäm¸nte¡pÅ Np-
cp¡w Nnesc _m¡nsh¨v Xs¶bpw Hcn-
Shgnbnse ]¨ hngp§n¯pS§nbt¸mÄ
apXÂ s\©nSn¸nsâ Xmfw sXän hÃmsX
InX¨p t]mIp¶p.
Ahsc ]¨¸v hngp§pIbmbncp¶p.
Ahkm\ kvtäm¸nte¡pÅ Npcp¡w
Nnesc _m¡nsh¨v Xs¶bpw
HcnShgnbnse ]¨
hngp§n¯pS§nbt¸mÄ apXÂ
s\©nSn¸nsâ Xmfw sXän hÃmsX
InX¨p t]mIp¶p.
]cnNnXaÃm¯ hgnbnÂ
CSbvs¡hnsStbm FXnsc h¶
apJ§Ä X\n¡v th@n hÃmsX HXp§n
amdp¶p.
"\Kc¯n\pw {Kma¯n\panSbv¡pÅ
Xo@m]mSIeamhpw.. '
CShgn Xpd¶psh¨ shfn¨w s\Â
]mS¯nsâ ]¨bptSXmbncp¶p.
70
s\Â]mS¯n\¸pdw sXfnsªmgpIp¶
]pgbv¡v IpdpsIbn« apf¸mehpw IS¶v
sNs¶¯n\n¶ HmSn« sNdnb hoSnsâ
apäs¯¯nbt¸mÄ CXphsc Ignª \
nanj§fnse Gähpw thKwIpdª
ImÂsh¸pw DbÀ¶ lrZbanSn¸pw
At¸mgmsW¶v Xncn¨dnbm³ t]mepw
Ahġmbnà .
PmeI§Ä Xpd¶n« hmXnepIÄ
Nmcnbn«nÃm¯ ho«n Bf\¡§Ä
tIÄ¡mXncp¶t¸mÄ kwibambn.
asäm¶v Nn´n¡m³ Ignbpw aps¼ ]
cnNnXamb B iÐ KÔw...
Ime§Ä¡n¸pdw B kzcw..
achn¸v asämcp hnImcam¡n amäp¶p.
AdnbmsX B iЧfpsS
DdhnS¯nte¡v \ofp¶ ImepIÄ.
]pkvXI§Ä aW¡p¶ apdn...
Is¿¯pw Zqsc NnXdn InS¡p¶
]pkvXIfpsS \Sphn I«nen AbmÄ
BZnYy acymZ ad¶v Fgpt¶Â¡msX
InS¡p¶p.
DÅn tNmZy§Ä s]cp¼d sIm«p¶p.
hm¡pIÄ iàn tNmÀ¶v apdnªp
t]mIp¶p.
hntij§Ä ]dªp XocmXncp¶
\mhnsemcp Iq¨phne§nsâ `mcw.
AbmfmWv ]dªv XpS§nbXv.
\o Fs¶¦nepw Xncªp hcpsa¶v
Adnbmambncp¶p. ]s£ C{Xbpw
hÀj§Ä¡v tijw {]Xo£n¨nÃ.
F´mbmepw \S¶p XfÀ¶Xnsâ
£oWw XoÀ¡q. Ccn¡q.
AhÄ Npacv Nmcn \n¶tXbpÅp.
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
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 tNmZy§fpsS `mÞw t]dn h¶hÄ
adp]Sn ]dbm³ hm¡pIÄ Xncbp¶p.
Fs¶sbm¶v ]Xnsb Xm§nbmÂ
F\n¡v Nmcnbncn¡mw. kzbw
Fgpt¶äncn¡m³ F\n¡mhnÃ. AtÃÂ
]Xnsb DWÀ¶t¸mÄ Dd§msX hoÀ¯
I®pIfpambv I«nen\cnsIbncn¡p¶
A½sbbmWv I@Xv. ]ns¶ Xpd¡m¯
P\meIÄ am{XapÅ \Kc¯nse Ccp
«papdn ho«nse A½sb¶ shfn¨hpw s]
s«s¶mcp\mÄ AWªv XoÀ¶t¸mÄ
BZyw IcpXnbXv acn¡m\mWv. ]t£
Ft´m, A¶v hmbn¨p XoÀ¯ tXmtdm
bpsS ImtSmcPohnX¯nsâ DÄ¡mgvN
]IÀ¶ hmÂU³ F¶ ]pkvXI¯nse
Nne hcnIÄ DÅn Xdªp \n¶p.
72
klmb¯n\v hcp¶ Hcmfp@v .
hbentes¡m¶v \o«n Iqhnbm GXv
cm{Xnbnepw HmSn hcpw AbmÄ.
]dªp XoÀ¶Xpw Ahfn AdnbmsX
iÐapWÀ\p.
th@ Rm³ klmbn¡mw.
InS¯hpw `£Whpw am{Xambt¸m XSn
IqSn bn«p@v. X\n¨v ]mSmhpw. Rm³
cmas\ hnfn¡mw... AbmÄ ho@pw ]
dªp.
th@msb¶ AÀ°¯n Xebm«n
AhÄ I«nen\cnInse hoÂsNbÀ HXp¡n
hfsc {iaIcambn AbmfpsS NpaepIÄ
DbÀ¯m³ {ian¨p. AbmÄ ]camh[n `mcw
AbmfpsS ssIIfn Du¶n ]Xnsb Npacv
Nmcnbncp¶p.
lnam... \o Xncªp h¶
tNmZy§Ä¡pÅ D¯camWv Cu \mep
apdn Npacpw Npacnt\mSv tNÀ¯n« I«nepw
ASbv¡m¯ PmeI§tfmSv tNÀ¶p
InS¡p¶ Rm\pw.
{]Xo£bpsS D¶Xnbn PohnX¸¨
sXfnªp \n¡pt¼mÄ Bcpw IcpXmdnÃ
sXm«Sp¯ Hcp \nanjw sIm@v am{Xw
Ahsbms¡ amªv t]mImsa¶v.
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
73
 Hcp sNdnb hogvNbn Fgpt¶Â¡m\
mbnà F\n¡v. HmÀaIfnÃmsX cm{Xnbpw
]IepadnbmsX Rm³
Dd¡¯nembncp¶ncn¡Ww.
]Xnsb DWÀ¶t¸mÄ Dd§msX
hoÀ¯ I®pIfpambv I«nen\
cnsIbncn¡p¶ A½sbbmWv I@Xv.
]ns¶ Xpd¡m¯ P\meIÄ am{XapÅ \
Kc¯nse Ccp«papdn ho«nse A½sb¶
shfn¨hpw s]s«s¶mcp\mÄ AWªv
XoÀ¶t¸mÄ BZyw IcpXnbXv acn¡m
\mWv. ]t£ Ft´m, A¶v hmbn¨p
XoÀ¯ tXmtdmbpsS ImtSmcPohn
X¯nsâ DÄ¡mgvN ]IÀ¶ hmÂU³
F¶ ]pkvXI¯nse Nne hcnIÄ DÅnÂ
Xdªp \n¶p.
ap¶nse temI§Ä Np-
cp§pIbmWv. a¡Ä hfÀ¶v
XpS§nbt¸mÄ iq\yambn
XpS§nb CSthfIfnÂ
DÅnsehnsStbm \o \nd¨
thZ\ Ip¯nt\mhn¡pw. t]mb
hgnbnse Imev]mSpIÄ t]mepw
ambv¨p Ifªv \o \S¶ hgnIÄ
Is@¯pI F\n¡v km[yam
bncp¶nÃ. kzbw Is@¯m³
D¯c§fnÃmsX t]mbn. PnhnX-
¯n iq\yX \ndªp XpS§n
sb¶v Xncn¨dnbm³ t]mepw
sshIn t]mbncn¡p¶p.
"BcpsS AbhpÅXpw
DuÀPkzehpamb Nn´bmtWm kqcyt\
msSm¸w NphSpshbv¡p¶Xv B Znhkw
apgph³ AbmÄ¡v Xocm¯ {]`mXamWv.
LSnImc§Ä F´v thWsa¦nepw
]dbs«, a\pjycpsS {]hr¯nIfpw
at\m`mh§fpw
F´pamIs«, AXnsem¶pw ImcyanÃ.
Rm³ DWÀ¶ncn¡p¶ kabamWv
{]`mXw. Hcp {]`mXw F¶nep@v.''
AsX F\n¡v C\nbpw {]`mX§Ä
thWambncp¶p.
\ns¶ A¼c¸nt¨¡mw Rm³ ChnsS
h¶Xn\v tijw ChnsS P\meIÄ
AS¨nt«bnÃ.
74
adp]SnIÄ CÃmsXbmhpt¼mÄ ho@pw
AbmÄ Xs¶ hb¡mäns\m¸w au\
apSbv¡p¶p.
lnam... ISnªmWnÃm¯ bm{XIsf
kz]v\w I@ncp¶ Hcmsf \mep apdn
Npacnsâ DÅnse PnhnX¯nte¡v
Xf¨nSm³ B{Kln¡m¯XpsIm@v
am{XamWv \n¶n \n¶v IqSnbpÅ Cu
Hfnt¨m«w \S¯nbXv.
s]s«¶mWv AXn\hÄ adp]Sn ]
dªXv.
Xf¨nSs¸Sm³ \mepapdn Npacnsâ I\w
thWsa¶nÃ. ap¶nse hgnIÄ A{]
Xy£amhm³ I®nÂ
Ccp«pIbdWsa¶panÃ.
F¶nse bm{XIÄ Ft¶¡mÄ aps¼
\ne¨p t]mbncn¡p¶p.
`mcybmbn c@v Ip«nIfpsS
A½bmbt¸mÄ
ap¶nse temI§Ä Npcp§pIbmWv.
a¡Ä hfÀ¶v XpS§nbt¸mÄ iq\yambn
XpS§nb CSthfIfn DÅnsehnsStbm
\o \nd¨ thZ\ Ip¯nt\mhn¡pw. t]mb
hgnbnse Imev]mSpIÄ t]mepw ambv¨p
Ifªv \o \S¶ hgnIÄ Is@¯pI
F\n¡v km[yambncp¶nÃ. kzbw
Is@¯m³ D¯c§fnÃmsX t]mbn.
PnhnX¯n iq\yX \ndªp XpS§n
sb¶v Xncn¨dnbm³ t]mepw sshIn
t]mbncn¡p¶p.
s\¸mS§Ä¡v \Sphn A§n§mbn
DbÀ¶p ImWp¶
ImhÂamS¯nsem¶nte¡v hncÂ
Nq@nbmWv AbmÄ ]dªXv.
Hmtcm sImbv¯pImew Ignbpt¼mgpw
F\n¡pw tXm¶mdp@v. "iq\yamIp¶Xv
Imh amS§fmsW¶v "
]t£ lna, \o H¶dnbq... Cu
apdn¡pÅnse PohnXamWv ImgvNIfpsS
hnkvabw \nd¨v CXphsc ImWm¯
temIw F\n¡v X¶Xv.
]m \nd¨p Xpfp¼nb s\Â
IXncpIÄ¡v apIfn ]d¡p¶
Xp¼n¡q«§sf ImWm³ P\mebv
¡cnInte¡v Ahsf £Wn¨v AbmÄ
]dªp.
t\m¡p lnam. Xpem¯p¼nIfmWXv.
ImWpt¼mÄ \nÊmcsa¶v tXm¶psa¦nepw
ChÀ almkap{ZIÄ¡v apIfneqsS
ag¡mänsâ NndIntedn `qJÞ§Ä IS¶v
B{^n¡³ Xoc§fnte¡pÅ
bm{XbnemWv. P\n¨ Xoc§Ä Dt]£n¨v
]n´ncnªv t\m¡msX Hcn¡epw Xncn¨p
hcm¯ bm{XbnÂ. Pohsâ XpSÀ¨bv¡v {]
IrXn Im¯v shbv¡p¶Xv Fs´Ãm
amWsÃ?. C\n AhnsS \n¶pw Xncn¨p
hcnI AhcpsS ASp¯ XeapdIfmWv.
DÅnemhmln¨pd¨v ]qÀÆnIÀ t]mb hgn
Adnªv hÀj§fmbn Aev]mbpÊmb Cu
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
sNdp {]mWnIfpsS alm{]bmWw.
hgnIÄ ASªp t]msb¶pw iq\y
amsb¶pw tXm¶pt¼msgms¡bpw Rm³
Im¯ncn¡mdp@v, Xncn¨p hcnsöp
d¸p@mbn«pw BImi\r¯w Nhn«n ]
d¡p¶ ChcpsS bm{XbpsS ImgvNbv¡v
th@n.
Hcn¡Â \ne¨pt]mbncp¶ Fsâ
kz]v\§fpsS NndIpIÄ C¶v AhÀ
X¶XmWv. AXn\m Rm³ Ct¸mgpw
kz]v\w ImWp¶p.
Hcn¡Â Cu aeapIfnencp¶v
kmbmÓ kqcyt\msSm¸w X\n¨v ]q¯v
\n¶v Xmgv-hmcamsI hk´w hnXdp¶
Hscmä Im«p]qhcinsâ `wKn ImWp¶
Znhks¯. kplr¯v ]dbmdpÅt]mse...
""Häbv¡v Hcp acw ImSmIpw t]mse ...''
]dªp Xocm¯ hm¡pIÄ s]
dp¡nsbSp¡m³ Im¯v \n¡msX
AhÄ ]mShc¼nte¡nd§n.
]n¶nepbÀ¶ \o@ Iqhensâ
D¯csat¶mWw cma³ HmSn hcp¶p@v.
\nes¯gpXnb Imev]mSpIÄ Hcn¡Â
IqSn Xncbsh ]mShc¼neqsS cmasâ
ImeSnIÄ...
"tNdv Xn¶ Imen\v Fs´mcp
shfp¸mWv. ''
t]m¡pshbn aqSn XpS§nb t\
ca{Xbpw Xpem Xp¼nIÄ ]d¶p sImt@
bncn¶p.
Xebv¡v apIfn h«an«v ]ds¶mcp
Xp¼nbpsS kpXmcyamb NndIneqsS
A¶mZyambn AhÄ asämcmImiw I@p...

3 HIvtSm_À 2020
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76 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
 Ahkm-\ `mKw

sI.Fkv an\n Ip«n-I-fpsS t\mhÂ

Nn{Xo-I-cWw: kKoÀ

km [mcW ]nSt¡mgnIsf
t]mse Ch³ FÃm
Znhkhpw ap«bnSptam?
""A§s\sbm¶pw ap«bnSnà So¨À..''
hfsc AXymhiyamsW¶v tXm¶nbmÂ
am{Xw ap«bnSp¶ tImgnbmWnXv. AXv
s]m³ap« Bbncn¡pw.
""AsX§s\? Bhiyw Ah\v a\
Ênemhptam?''
""\½psS Bhiysams¡ Ah\v
Adnbpambncn¡pw, \½Ä ]dbp¶Xpw
sN¿p¶Xpw FÃmw Idp¼\v a\Ênemhpw.
A§s\ Bbncn¡Ww ap«bn«Xv.''
FhnsSbmWv Ch³ ap«bnSp¶Xv?
AXv ho«n\Is¯ ASp¡fbpsS Hcp
aqebn BWv.
kzÀ®ap« Ct¸mÄ ho«nept@m?
CÃ, {Kma¯nepÅ BfpIÄ¡v `£Ww
hm§m\mbn ]W¯n\v Bhiyw h¶t¸mÄ
ap«bn«XmWv.
anSp¡\mWtÃm \½psS Idp¼³
]qt¦mgn.
sPbnw-kv amÌÀ Idp¼s\
ssIbnseSp¯t¸mÄ Ah³ A
\pkcWbpÅ- tImgnbmbn amdnbn«v
NndISn¨p. \msf kvIqfn hcWsa¶v
ZnÂPn¯ns\ H¶pIqSn HmÀan¸n¨p-sIm@v
A²ym]IscÃmw bm{X]dªv ho«nÂ-
\n¶pw Cd§n.

***
hnZymeb¯nte¡v
]qt¦mgnbpsS Iqh tI«psIm@v
DWcp¶ Znhk§fnse {]`mX-ImgvNIÄ¡v
Xnf¡w IqSpXemsW¶v ZnÂPn¯n\v
tXm¶mdp@v. AXncmhnse DWÀ¶v ho«p]

3 HIvtSm_À 2020
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78 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
 cnkc¯v Npän\S¶v Irjnsbms¡
t\m¡nbtijw Ipfn¡m\mbn Idp¼t\m-
sSm¸w ]pg¡cbnte¡v Ah³ ]pds¸«p.
]Xnhpt]mse IqSpXÂ kabw
sNehgn¡msX Ah³ Ipfn¨p Ibdnbn«v
XncnsI \S¡pt¼mÄ kmhn{Xnb½
Ccphtcbpw `£W¯n\mbn hnfn¨p.
NqSpÅ Iªnbpw sNdp]bÀ Idnbpw
ZnÂPn¯n\v sImSp¯t¸mÄ Idp¼\v
tKmX¼v \pdp¡nbXpw c@v tZmibpw
sImSp¯p. AXn\ptijw Ah³ ]dªp,
""tam³ Ipsd¡me¯n\ptijw kvIqfnÂ
t]mIp¶XmWv,, FÃmw \¶mbn ]
Tn¡Ww.''
""Rm³ ]Tn¡pw kmhn{Xnbt½,,
\n§tfmsSms¡ \µnbp@v.''
""AsXm¶pw ]dtb@,, Cu
\m«pImscms¡ \nt¶mSpw Idp¼t\mSpw
ISs¸«hcmWv.''
""AsXms¡ Hcp `mKyamWv,, Idp¼\mWv
\½psS `mKyw.''
{]mXÂ Ign¨tijw kmhn{Xnb½tbmSv
bm{X]dªv Ah³ kz´w ho«nse¯n.
ho«nse¯nbtXmsS ZnÂPn¯v
XpÅn¨mSm³ XpS§nbt¸mÄ Ahsâ
Xe¡p apIfn ]d¶psIm@v Idp¼³
h«¯n Id§n. ]d¶p ]d¶v
Npänbtijw \ne¯nd§nbn«v Idp¼³
Iqhm³ XpS§nbt¸mÄ ZnÂPn¯v ]p¯³
bq\nt^mw \nhÀ¯nbn«v
AWnsªmcp§m³ XpS§n. At¸mÄ
Idp¼s\mcp kwibw,
""ltem,, \obn§s\ ]pXnb
Ip¸mbsams¡ CSpt¼mÄ Rms\´m
sNt¿@Xv? F\n¡v DSps¸m¶pw CtÃ?''
""\n\s¡´n\m DSp¸v,, \osbmcp
]£nbtÃ... \nsâ Xqh Xs¶bmWtÃm
DSp¸v.''
""AXp icnbmWtÃm,, Rms\sâ
Xqhsem¶v an\p¡t«.''
ZnÂPn¯v ]pkvXIk©n FSp¯p,
AXn\I¯v Znhk§fmbn Xpd¡m¯
]mT]pkvXI§fp@v. c@pt]cpw bm{X¡v
X¿mdmbt¸mÄ Idp¼³ ]dªp,
""Pn¯p Iptd¡mew Ignªv
kvIqfnte¡v t]mIp¶XtÃ,, Fs´¦nepw
k½m\w sImSp¡t@?''
""k½m\tam? F´v k½m\w?''
""\o ASp¡fbn t]mbn«v
t\m¡nbms«.''
ZnÂPn¯v ASp¡fbn IS¶v Idp¼³
]Xnhmbn InS¡p¶ Øe¯v
t\m¡nbt¸mÄ,,,
AhnsSbXm,, Xnf§p¶ aª\ndw,,,
kzÀ®ap«,,

Ah³ ap«bpambn Xncn¨ph¶n«v

Idp¼t\mSv ]dªp,
""\osbsâ ap¯mWv Idp¼m,, Rm³
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
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80 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
 t]mepw A¡mcyw ad¶pt]mbncp¶p.''
kzÀ®ap« _mKnsâ DÅnÂ
sh¡pt¼mÄ Idp¼³ HmÀan¸n¨p,
""CXv AhÀ¡v sImSp¯n«v, kvIqfnse
FÃm Ip«nIÄ¡pw Cãw-t]mse `£Ww
hm§ns¡mSp¡m³ ]dbWw.''
hoSv AS¨p]q«n c@pt]cpw
apä¯nd§nbn«v \S¡m³ XpS§n.
BËmZt¯msS Ah³ CShgnbnte¡v
IS¶t¸mÄ A¸phpw Pbtamfpw
ASp¯pIqSnbn«v Idp¼sâ hntij§Ä
tNmZn¡pt¼mÄ Ipd¨pt]À IqSn
H¸sa¯n. GXm\pw Znhk¯n\p-tijw
kvIqfn hcp¶ ZnÂPn¯nt\mSv
IqsSbpÅhscÃmw kt´mjw Adnbn¨p.
hntij§Ä ]dªpsIm@v bm{X
sN¿pt¼mÄ ]d¶ps]m§msX Idp¼\pw
sI.Fkv an\n Ip«nIsft¸mse \S¶Xn\mÂ
AhÀs¡Ãmw kt´mjhpw BÝcyhpw
tXm¶n.
hnZymebs¯ kao]n¡mdmbt¸mÄ
ZnÂPn¯nsâ kplr¯p¡fpsS F®w
]¯ne[nIambn. ]qh³ tImgnsb ap¶nÂ
\S¯ns¡m@pÅ AhcpsS hchv I@
t¸mÄ A²ym]Icpw hnZymÀ°nIfpw
kzoIcn¡m\mbn Cd§nh¶p. slUv-amÌÀ
aäpIp«nItfmSv AI¯pt]mbn
¢mÊnencn¡m³ ]dªt¸mÄ ZnÂPn¯v
At±ls¯ kao]n¨v _mKn \n¶pw
kzÀ®ap« FSp¯v ssIbn sImSp¯p.
slUv-amÌÀ Xncn¨pw adn¨pw
t\m¡nbtijw ap« aäpÅ A²ym]IÀ¡v
\ÂIn. FÃmhcpw tNÀ¶v kzÀ®ap«
t\m¡p¶Xn\nSbn ZnÂPn¯v ]dªp,
amsj, kvIqfnÂ-\n¶pw X¶Xv \mev
tImgnIsf Bbncp¶p. AhbnÂ
aqs¶®s¯ i{Xp¡Ä ]nSn¨t¸mÄ
Ahtijn¨Xv ]qh³tImgnbmWv. ]qh³
BsW¦nepw Ah³ ap«bn«p,, AÊÂ
kzÀ®ap«. AXnsem¶mWv ChntS¡v
X¶Xv.
""CsX´mWv Rm³ sNt¿@Xv?''
""CXv hnäv ]Wam¡nbn«v \½psS
hnZymeb¯nepÅ FÃmhÀ¡pw Znhtk\
`£Ww sImSp¡pI.''
""ZnÂPn¯v \o `mKyhm\mWv, \¶mbn
]Tn¨v hensbmcp a\pjy\mhpI.''
slUv-amÌdpsS A\p{Klt¯msS
ZnÂPn¯v ¢mÊnte¡v t]mbt¸mÄ
Idp¼³ apä¯pÅ Iqä³ s\Ãnac¯nsâ
apIfnte¡v ]d¶p. AhnsSbncp¶v \mep
]mSpw \nco£n¨psIm@v ¢mÊnencn¡p¶
Ip«nItfmsSm¸w ]qh³tImgnbpw ]Tn¡m³
XpS§n.

3 HIvtSm_À 2020
81
 sse{_dn
UnäIvSohv C.Fw.FÊnsâ {]
sPbnwkv lmUven tNkv kwK§Ä
]cn`mj: sI.sI `mkvIc³ hn.kptcjvIpamÀ
]¿¶qcv amXr`qan _pIvkv,
amXr`qan _pIvkv, tImgnt¡mSv
tImgnt¡mSv, hne: 260 cq] hne: 160 cq]
Akm[mcWamb A\p hyXykvXamb A\p`h
`h§fpw `oIc{]iv\§fpw ]cnkc§Ä sIm@pw
At\zjW¯n\nSbn t\
cnSp¶ Hcp ]{X{]hÀ¯ \nco£WtijnsIm@pw
Isâ DtZzKw P\n¸n¡p¶ \qX\Xzw ]peÀ¯p¶
PohnXw ]dbp¶ t\mhÂ. IYIÄ.
IhÀ: AXpÂtZ_v hn.kn IhÀ: ZznPn¯v kn.hn

IW¡ns\ t]Snt¡@ ]pkvXI shfn¨w

]Ånbd {io[c³ Fw.lcnZmkv
sskIXw _pIvkv, k¬ssj³ _pIvkv, XrÈqÀ
tImXawKew hne: 180 cq]
hne: 120 cq] bphXeapdbpsS A`ncpNn \
hfsc {]bmkw ]nSn¨ hoIcn¡m\pw hnÚm\
hnjbambn IW¡ns\ taJe hnIkzcam¡m\pw `mj
IW¡mt¡@ F¶v shSn¸m¡m\pw D]Icn¡p¶
sXfnbn¡p¶ ]pkvXIw. IrXnIÄ ]cnNbs¸Sp¯p¶
IhÀ: cmtPjv NmtemSv ]pkvXIw.
IhÀ: hnjvWp Fkv.Fkv

IS¡cbnse hoSv sFXnly§fpw

AtimI³ Ncphn kXy§fpw
F¨v Bâ v kn _pIvkv, Icm«v {]`mIc³
XrÈqÀ F¨v Bâ v kn _pIvkv, XrÈqÀ
hne: 70 cq] hne: 100 cq]
hyhØnXnbpambn BNm\pjvTm\§Ä
H¯pXoÀ¸nse¯m³ {ian¨v hnizmkþt£{X k¦Â]§Ä,
]cmPbs¸«hcpsS sFXnly§Ä F¶nhbnseÃmw
km£nsamgnbmbn amdp¶ {]mtZinI ap{ZIfps@¶v
t\mhÂ. km£ys¸Sp¯p¶ teJ\§Ä.
IhÀ: hnjvWp Fkv.Fkv IhÀ: lcn Fw.F

A]cnNnXsâ Nncn A]v\nb

D®nIrjvW³ apXpIpfw hn\b³ hSbmäqÀ
k¬ssj³ _pIvkv, XrÈqÀ {]`mXv _pIvlukv,
hne: 100 cq] Xncph\´]pcw
emhWy kz]v\§fpsS hne: 200 cq]
ImapI lrZb¯n akvXnjvI acW
an¶ns¯fnbp¶ kw`h§fpambn _Ôs¸«v
Imhy\£{X§Ä. aebmf `mjbnÂ
IhÀ: hnjvWp Fkv.Fkv FgpXs¸« BZy t\mhÂ.
IhÀ: cmtPjv Iaep

Printed and Published by P.K.K Bava for The Muslim Printing and Publishing Co. Ltd., Kozhikode at Chandrika Press, Y.M.C.A. Road, Kozhikode - 673 001.
Editor: C.P. Saidalavi. (Editor Responsible for selection of contents under PRB Act)

82 3 HIvtSm_À 2020
3 HIvtSm_À 2020
83
84 3 HIvtSm_À 2020