ASJA BOYS’ COLLEGE CHARLIEVILLE END OF TERM EXAMINATION is ‘TERM It — 2012/13 BIOLOGY FORM 4: 4NR April 2010 Paper 01 - General Proficiency 1 hour 15 minutes Good Luck Boys!!! READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY There are 60 multiple choice questions Answer ALL questions in the answer sheet provided Each item in this test has four suggested answers lettered (A), (B), (C), (D). Read each item you are about to answer and decide which choice is best. Sample Item Which of the process is associated with the removal of waste substances formed by the cells of the body? (A) Egestion (B) Absorption (©) Excretion (D) Assimilation le Answer 1s 2 @> NAME: FORM: DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD 10 00 SOAn autotroph (A) Feeds on dead animal and plant material (B) Feeds on plants only (C)_ Feeds on animals only (D) Makes its own food 2. The bush pig, which has been observed to feed on a diet of plant roots as well as birds’ eggs, is (A) a herbivore (B) acarnivore (C) an omnivore (D) adettitivore Kem 3 refers to the following diagram of a food web found in leaf litter. Wolf Spider Ground Beetle Millipede Decaying lea liter 3. The numbers of trophic levels illustrated in the food web is (A) 2 (B) 3 © 4 Dy 7: Page 2 of 10 4. Leguminous plants can contribute to soil fertility because they (A) remove toxic substances (B) contain nitrogen-fixing bacteria (©) add elements (D) maintain the moisture content Inan ecosystem, the organisms which make solar energy available to all other organisms are the (A) producers (B) decomposers (©) primary consumers (D) secondary consumers A plant which has reduced leaves with no chlorophyll, lacks a proper root system, and flowers abundantly, is MOST likely to be found (A) ina habitat where water is scarce (B) living parasitically on another plant (C)_ growing in an area where there are few insects (D) existing as a commensal with other green plants Which of the following statements is NOT true about a decomposer? (A) They release nutrients for recycling (B) They prevent the accumulation of dead organic matter. (©) They are more abundant in damp places. (D) They are favoured by low temperatures,8. Which of the following pairs of organism possesses the requirements for making carbohydrates from inorganic materials? (A) @) © @) Algae and flowering plants Bacteria and fungi Fungi and flowering plants Viruses and algae tem 9 refers to the following diagram of a cell. s au 9. The structure labelled 7 is found in (A) animals (B) fungi (C) bacteria (D) green plants 10. Which of the following cell structures are associated with energy transfer? 1 Chloroplast 11 Mitochondrion 111 Nucleus IV Cell membrane (A) Land 11 only (B) Land 111 only (C)_ 11 and 111 only (D) 1and 1V only Page 3 of 10 Item 11 refers to the following structures found in the leaf of a flowering plant 1. Epidermis TL Mesophylt layers MIL Guard cells IV. Vein LL. Which of the following structures contain chloroplasts? (A) Land I (B) land Il (C) Wand I (D) Wand Iv 12. Sodium hydroxide and copper sulphate solution will produce a violet colour with molecules of (A) fat (B) starch (C) sugar (D) protein 13. Which of the following is true of photosynthesis and respiration in green plants? (A) _ Photosynthesis occurs in the day while respiration occurs in the night Photosynthesis never occurs in the dark while respiration occurs only in the dark Photosynthesis occurs in the light while respiration occurs both in the light and in the dark. Photosynthesis occurs only in the sunlight and respiration takes over when photosynthesis ceases ®) ©) (D) Compared to a regular diet, a vegetarian diet will contain more (A)_ First class protein (B) Iron (©) Anaemia (D) RoughageItems 15 and 16 refer to the following diagram of the human alimentary canal, In answering items 15 and 16, match each item with one of the labelled parts above. Each part may be used once, more than once or not at all 15, A muscular tube that moves food down by peristalsis, 16. Receives chime from the stomach and secretions from the gall bladder and Pancreas Mems 17 and 18 refer to the following graph Which shows the activity of two enzymes in the human digesti 1294656769 pH 17. Which of the following enzymes could be enzyme II? (A) Pepsin (B) Renin (©) Trypsin (D) Amylase 18, 19, 20. 21 22. Page 4 of 10 Enzyme I will function BEST in the (A) Mouth (B) Stomach (©) Smait intestine (D) Large intestine Which of the following nutrients are important in the diet for development of strong bones and teeth? (A). Calcium and iron (B) Phosphorus and iron (C) Vitamin C and calcium (D) Phosphorus and calcium One of the problems with nutrition for a vegetarian is that (A) fats and oils are not produced by plants (B) large quantities of food are needed to supply essential amino aids (C)_ vitamins produced by plants are of inferior quality (D) large quantities essential mineral nutrients Bile empties into the (A) duodenum (B) caecum (©) ileum (D) stomach Which of the following processes is responsible for the movement of water out of a plant cell? (A) Filtration (B) Dehydration (C) Osmosis () CapiltarityItem 23 refers to the following diagrams which illustrate the result of an investigation. peewee | 23, The process demonstrated in the diagram above is responsible for (A) minerals entering root cells (B) water entering root cells (C) carbon dioxide entering leaf cells (D) starch entering phioem cells 24. Through which of the following processes is energy transferred from the sun to a herbivore? Respiration IL Assimilation I Photosynthesis (A) only (B) Land 1 only (C) Mand ttf only (D) 1 Mand ut 25. What would happen to the body cells if the blood supplying them became too concentrated? (A) Burst (B) Lose salts (C) Lose water (D) Become turgid 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. a Page 5 of 10 In which of the following cells of a green leaf does photosynthesis occur? 1 Phloem I Palisade mesophyll I Spongy mesophyll IV Guard cells (A) 1, Mand only (B) I, Uland IV only (C) Mand II only (D) LU, Mand Iv Which of the following elements is important for the manufacture of red blood celis? (A) Calcium (B) Sulphur (C) Iron (D) Haem Magnesium is an essential element for (A) The formation of cell walls (B) The formation of chlorophyll (C)_ The formation of proteins (D) The process of cell division ‘The oxygen released during the process of photosynthesis comes from the (A) Carbon dioxide (B) Water (©) Degraded glucose molecules (D) Air spaces within the leaves For which food test must the sample be dissolved in ethanol? (A) Fat (B) Protein (©) Reducing sugar (D) Starch Which symptom is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D? (A) Anaemia (B) Bones breaking easily (C) Constipation (D)Gum bleeding32. 35. 36. 38, Page 6 of 10 ‘What is the end product of digestion of 33. Which of the following is not an protein? excretory product? (A) Amino acids (A) Carbon dioxide (B) Fatty acids (B) Expired air (C) Glucose (C) Sweat (D) Polypeptides (D) Undigested food in faeces At which of the following times is the glucose level in the blood MOST likely to be high? 1. Just before running a race I After eating a meal of meat and potatoes Tt, Just after exercising strenuously (A) Land only (B) Land IIT only (©) Mand 111 only (D) 1, Mand 1 Amylase and starch are added to four tubes and treated as follows, In which of the tubes would a reducing sugar be found first? Tube Amylase pH Temperature C) Boiled & cooled acid 38°C @) Freshly made neutral 38°C © Boiled & cooled alkaline 38°C ) Freshly made neutral 80°C protein solution is tested using three different reagents. Which set of results is obtained? { Jodine solution | Benedict's solution | Biuret solution (A) Black | Blue Blue | ®) | Black Red Blue | }© Brown Blue Purple {@) Brown Red Purple The function of valves in a vein is to (A) Lower the pressure of blood (B) Increase the pressure of blood (C)_ Prevent the back flow of blood (D) Push blood forward The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is called the (A) pulmonary semi-lunar vaive (B) aortic semi-lunar valve (C) tricuspid vaive (D) bicuspid valve39. 40. 4 42, 4B. 44. ‘The pulmonary artery carries I. Oxygenated blood II. Deoxygenated blood III Blood with waste substances (A) Tonly (B) and Tlonly (C) IMand Ill only (D) None of the above ‘What is the function of the lymphocytes in blood? (A) Engulf foreign bodies (B) Carry oxygen to tissues (C) Assist in blood clot (D) Produce antibodies which kill foreign bodies ‘What type of cells are leucocytes? (A) Red blood cells (B) White blood cells (C) Platelets (D) None of the above Which of the following is NOT true about antibodies? (A) They are made of proteins (B) They are specific to the antigens (©) They protect the body from antigens (D)_ None of the above After muscular exercise, which blood vessel carries the lowest concentration of carbon dioxide? (A) Hepatic artery (B) Pulmonary vein (C) Renal artery (D) Vena cava The reactants in aerobic respiration are (A) Water and carbon dioxide (B) Water and oxygen (C) Glucose and oxygen (D)_ Glucose and carbon dioxide 4s. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. Page 7 of 10 Which gas is present in the highest ‘concentration in inspired air? (A) Carbon dioxide (B) Nitrogen (C) Oxygen (D)_ Water vapor Carbon dioxide, produced in cells of vertebrates, diffuses into blood where it is taken to the lungs and (A) Exchanged for oxygen (B) Changed to oxygen (C)_ Removed by inhaling (D) Replaced by exhaling One product of anaerobic respiration in plants is (A) Alcohol (B) Glucose (C) Lactic acid (D) Oxygen Which of the following releases energy to do the work ina cell? (A) Protein synthesis (B) Conversion of ATP to ADP (C)_ Conversion of ADP to ATP (D)_ Release of oxygen from ADP Exhaled air was bubbled through lime water which then became cloudy. The result indicated the presence of (A) Carbon dioxide (B) Water vapour (C) Nitrogen (D) Oxygen What is the role of bacteria used in cheese and yoghurt production? (A) To coagulate casein to form ‘curds’ (B) To convert lactose to lactic acid (C) To prevent the growth of pathogens (D) To produce enzymesst 53, 5, 55. When a complete ring of bark is removed from the trunk ofa tree, it will eventually die because this action cuts off the supply of (A) Mineral salts to the leaves. (B) Nutrients to the roots (C) Oxygen to the roots. (D) Water to the leaves. 52. Page 8 of 10 Which of the following does NOT occur when an animal breathes out? (A) The pressure in the thorax decreases (B) The diaphragm muscles relax (©) The external intercostals muscles relax (D) The volume of the thorax decreases ‘Which equation represents aerobic respiration? (A) 6COr + 6H2O ——* CHO, + 60: + Energy (B) CéHn0; + 60: ——> 6CO; + 6H:O + Energy (©) CoHix0, ———» 2CH.OH + 60; + Energy (D) 6CcHi20. + 60, ——* 6CO; + 6H20 + Energy Which best shows how expired air normally differs from inspired air? Temperature Water vapour Carbon dioxide Oxygen (A) Higher more more less (B) Higher less less less (C) The same more more more (D) Lower more less more The diagram shows the lungs Which structures contain muscles that contract when breathing in? (A) Xonly (B)_ Xand Y only (©) Y¥ andZ only (D) X,Y and ZPage 9 of 10 56. Which of the following occurs during inspiration? Diaphragm muscles Intercostal muscles Pressure in thorax (A) Relax contract increase (B) Contract relax ‘increase (©) Relax relax decrease (D) Contract contract decrease Flasks | and 2 contain lime water. Air is pumped through the flasks, air flow ——» 57. An experiment is set up as shown below potassium hydroxide solution (absorbs | carbon dioxide) ao. flask 2 What is the appearance of limewater in flasks 1 and 2 after a period of ten minutes? Flask 1 Flask 2 (A) clear clear (B) clear white/cloudy (©) white/ctoudy clear (D) white/cloudy white/cloudy 58. The flow of blood in the pulmonary circulation system is (A) Semi-lunar valve > pulmonary artery - capillaries in lungs > pulmonary vein (B)_Semi-lunar valve > pulmonary vein ~ capillaries in lungs > pulmonary artery (©) Tricuspid valve > right ventricle > semi-lunar valve > pulmonary artery (D) Bicuspid valve > left atrium > semi-lunar valve > pulmonary veinPage 10 of 10 © 59. The diagram shows a vertical section through the heart. left ventricle ‘What are the functions of the numbered blood vessels? [ | Carries blood | Carries blood to | Carries blood | Carries blood | | to the body | the lungs _| from the lungs _| from the ody _| (A) 1 | 2 | a 4 | (B) 1 3 | 4 2 © 2 | 4 3 1 (D) misisie 1 | 4 2 | 60. The heart is made up of (A) epithelial tissue (B) cardiac tissue (C) connective tissue (D) nervous tissue END OF EXAM ‘Ms. indira C.ASJA BOYS’ COLLEGE CHARLIEVILLE END OF TERM EXAMINATION ‘TERM Il - 2012/13 BIOLOGY FORM 4 (4NR) Paper 02 General Proficiency 2% hours READ THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY 1. There are TWO SECTIONS in this booklet. Answer ALL questions. SECTION A 2. Section B contains THREE structured type questions, Answer each question in the spaces provided on the question paper. SECTION B 3. Section C contains THREE essay type questions. Answer each question on a separate page in your answer booklet and attach to the BACK of this question paper. 4. Scientific calculators are allowed. NAME: For Teacher Use Only_ Question PI and 1 a en Mas ee ection_| 1-60 | | FORM: | 1 oe DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. SUBJECT TEACHER: ae ea Z 1 7 pe] 5Page 2 of 11 SECTION A Answer ALL questions in this section. You should NOT spend more than 30 minutes on Question 1 1. One activity of ‘Green Minds’, a school gardening chub, is to find out the effect of temperature on the rate of decay of green leaves. Club members are divided into nine groups, each of which investigates the amount of decay that occurs at a particular temperature over a period of two weeks. The results from all groups are collated and presented in Table 1. TABLE 1: DECAY OF FRESH LEAVES AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES Group ‘Temperature °C) Fresh leaves decayed (%) 1 0 i jos ine 5 2 3 t 10 4 es 4 15 6 5 20 125 6 25 25 7 30 35 8 : 35 40 9 : 40 30 (a) (i) Using the data in Table 1 to construct a graph showing the percentage decay of fresh green leaves at the temperatures investigated t peed GO TO THE NEXT PAGE(ii) (o) @) Gi) (iii) Page 3 of 11 Identify TWO precautions each group should take in setting up their investigations [2 marks} Suggest ONE conclusion that may be drawn from the investigation presented in Table 1 and your graph [2 marks} One club member suggested that at a temperature of 80°C no decay would have occurred Do you support this view? Explain your answer. [2 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE,Page 4 of 11 (©) Green Minds club members conduct experiments in several areas to provide data to support their work. In an investigation on the conditions that affect the rate of transpiration, they use the apparatus shown in Figures 1.1 and 1.2 below. (Potometer with bubble at the end of the tube) __(Potometer with bubble a few cm along the tube) favstee Figure 1.1 Figure 1.2 Apparatus at the start of the investigation Apparatus after 20 minutes (i) Describe how you would prepare the materials and apparatus for investigation illustrated in Figures 1.1 and 1.2 [3 marks} (ii) Suggest ONE limitation to the method you described in (c) (i). {1 mark] GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEPage § of I How far did the bubble move in 20 minutes? [i mark] ) Estimate the transpiration rate of the plant in the investigation [2 marks) (v) Suggest ONE reason why your estimated rate is not necessarily accurate, [2 marks} (vi). Identify ONE external factor that might affect the movement of the bubble. [1 mark} (d) Green Minds club members sometimes perform food tests to estimate the nutrient content of produce grown in their gardens. On one occasion they attempt to find out whether the fruit of the newly introduced crop called yam-bean really contains the major nutrients they are told it contains, @ Describe how the club members could determine the presence of TWO named nutrients in the yam-bean fruit, [2 marks] (ii) State the expected food test results if the nutrients you chose in (4) (i) are present in the fruit 2 marks] TOTAL 25 MARKS GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEPage 6 of 11 Figure 2 isa labelled diagram of part of the breathing apprataus of fish. filaments Fi ish gill (a) @__ Water passes over the gill rakers before passing over the filaments, Suggest the function of the gill rakers [1 mark} (i) Identify ONE features observed in Figure 2 that allows the filament to function efficiently. {mark} (iii) State ONE other characteristic of the filaments that helps in their function GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGE,Page 7 of 11 0) Identify TWO structures in the breathing apparatus of humans that have similar i illustrated in Figure 2. ‘Structure in the human breathing apparatus {4 marks} © State THREE ways in which the lungs of a smoker may be affected by the smoking habit. [3 marks] @ Smoking is one human activity that pollutes the environment. Identify TWO OTHER human activities that result in pollution, [2 marks] (e) (Why are breathing and respiration BOTH important to mammals? Breathing, Respiration: [2marks} (ii) Suggest ONE reason why plants do not need to breathe although respiration is important to them also. [1 mark TOTAL 15 MARKS GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEPage 8 of LL 3. Figure 3 below is a diagram of the longitudinal section through the heart, Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow. | wre 3. Longitudinal Si ugh the heart, (i) Name the parts of the heart labeled I and 11 in Figure 3. [2 marks} Gi) Using FOUR arrows only, show on the diagram the direction of blood flow from the pulmonary artery to the aorta. [4 marks} (ii) Name TWO structures shown in the diagram that ensures the blood flows in one direction only [2 marks} GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEPage 9 of 11 (6) @)___ The graph below shows the number of deaths due to heart disease among smokers and non-smokers. ‘Draw ONE conclusion based on the graph a: 024 2535 3645 4655 5665 0575 Pee (ii) Suggest TWO reasons why smoking may contribute to heart disease [2marks} (iii) Identify TWO factors besides stioking that could cause the heart to malfunction. {marks} TOTAL 15 MARKS GO ON 10 THE NEXT PAGE,Page 10 of 11 SECTION B Answer ALL questions in this section Write your answers in your answer booklet 4 (@)—@_Name the structure responsible for gaseous exchange in humans and in fish [2 marks} i) Identify THREE features that the structures named in (i) above have in common, [3marks} (b) Gaseous exchange occurs in plants as well as in animals, (Draw and annotate a diagram to show how oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged across the respiratory surface of a human, [3 marks} (ii)_a) Name the process by which gases are exchanged in plants. [1 mark] b) Explain why in plants there is a difference in the percentage of the respiratory gases exchanged during the day compared with the percemage exchanged during the night. [3 marks} (©) Explain the effect of cutting and burning forests on the operation of the carbon cycle, and on the environment [3 marks} TOTAL 15 MARKS 5. (a) Explain the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration in plants, outlining both processes. Include definitions, the sites of both reactions and appropriate equations, {8 marks} (b) Trees are cut down from an area of @ forest, near a waterfall, in order to establish a National Park with ornamenial flowers and facilitated for tourists. (i) What might be the effects of removing vegetation on a large scale from the area? {1 mark] Gil) Make a list, consisting of FOUR rules that you would place at the entrance of the park for visitors, if you were the manager of the park. For EACH rule explain why it is important in conservation [6 marks} TOTAL 18 MARKS GO ON TO THE NEXT PAGEfa) (b) Page 11 of 11 (i) Draw a simple diagram to show the relative positions of the following organs of the human digestive system - Mouth/oesophagus = Stomach - Liver = Pancreas = Smal intestine = Gall bladder [3 marks] (ii) Annotate the diagram to show the functions of any FOUR of the organs. [4 marks} (iii) The alimentary canal in humans is designed for a varied diet, yet some people choose to become vegetarians. Suggest how vegetarians can make up for any limitations associated with their diet. [3 marks} Although plants make their own food, they may suffer from deficiency diseases, (Explain how deficiency diseases are likely to arise in plants, {1 mark] (ii) Name TWO elements that are required by plants and give their respective functions [4 marks] TOTAL 15 MARKS ee Se ln rorcanesSe A “BIG DEAL, SO YOU PASSED A KIDNEY ‘STONE..THINK ABOUT WHAT 1100 FOR A LIVING!” END OF EXAMINATION TOTAL 100 MARKS Have a relaxing Easter Vacation Boys!!! Ms. Indira C.ASJA BOYS’ COLLEGE CHARLIEVILLE MARKING SCHEME ‘Submitted by: Indira G. TERM: 11 -2012/13 SUBJECT: Biology FORM: Four 4 (4NR) SUBJECT TEACHERS: Indira C. FORMAT: Paper 1: 60MCQ (60 marks) Paper 2: 3 structured questions (55 marks) Sessay questions (45 marks) ‘TOTAL 160 MARKS Paper 2 anes Past Paper ae No. Jun/january_| Year | Paper | Q# Topic 1 January 2006| 2 | 1 | Enzymes / Transport in plant 2 January 2007| 2 | 5 _| Respiratory System 3 January 2006| 2 | 2 | circulatory System/Respiration 4 January 2013| 2 | 4 | Gaseous exchange/Carbon cycle [oaetss June z004| 3 | 3 _| Photosynthesis / Respiration 6 | January _ | 2010| 2 | 5 | Digestion 21. 16. 21 26. 31. 36. 41. 46. SL. 56. o o> 12) 7. 22, a, 32, 37. 42, 47, 52. 57. Multiple Choice 13, 18. Za 28. 33, 38. 43. 53, 58. Paper 1 ooo 4, 14. 19. 24, 29. 34, 39, 49. 54, 59. operas” > o> 10. 15, 20. zai 30, 35, 45, 50. 55, 60. > > 2Paper 2 Sramttured lueions (Sevan) Qr Answer 1@ [+ Labelaxes ara o (temperature on x-axis, decaying leaves on y-axis) Accurate points coordinates are: (0,1),6.2),(10,4),(15,6),(20,12.5),(25,25),30,35),(35,40),40,50) Join all points «Title: Graph showing the percentage of leaves decay at various temperature A mark each (Note: see page § for GRAPH) Ensure temperature is maintain and recorded properly ©) | Ensure all other variables except temp. are kept constant As temperature increase, decay increase (©) © | For every 10°C rise in temperature there is more energy gain by the enzyme ¢iy_| Which increase the rate of reaction | | No decay will occur because the extreme high temp. will denature the enzyme @) | ptacestem of plant in photometer Wrap the tube with plastic or vaseline Fill the tube with water Caliberate and place rule at zero point Any 3=3 OW Transpiration can vary due to environmental conditions 4m or units 20 min water moved 4cm/units (iv)_| 1 min water moved 4/20 = 0.2cm or unit/min The bubbles may not be at zero at the start of the experiment | ™) | wi) | Wind, humidity and temperature oo | starch and protein Blue/black and purple Toal monks2 (a) | Trap food particles 1 Filament is 1 cell thick 1 Itis rich in blood supply a Gill has lamellae similar to human’s alveolus both are 1 cell thick |2 Both are richly supplied with blood to create a diffustion gradient {2 | Alveolus looses elasticity | (© | Alveolus can burst due to inelastic nature | Alveolus can become thicken with tar 3 | Leach | Burning fossil fuel / forest/ rubbish/smoking 2) (@) | Breathing takes in oxygen in the lungs which is needed for respiration 1 (©) ® | Respiration is important to release energy from cells a Giy_| THEY Produce their own oxygen during photosynthesis 1 Taal moaks| B | 7 | 3{a) (| [-Left Atrium Il - Left ventricle z w y 4 | i fe Bicuspid valve, tricuspid valve, semi lunar valve 2 Q | @__| with increase age, death rate from smoking increase Increase heart rate, cause stroke/ heart attack 2 Lack of exercise Stress Obesity 71d) 6) 7MARKS at ‘SUGGESTED ANSWERS KC | UK (a) _| Name of the structures responsible for gaseous exchange in humans and in fish are : (i) | © Humans ~ alveoli, lungs = Fish -lamellae, gills ‘Three features that the structures named in (i) above that are in common are:~ (i) | + Large surface area Thin surface p + Close toa blood supply + Moist /wet lining Any 3=3 marks (b) oO ow Bo captry DIAGRAM OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM OF A HUMAN TO SHOW GASEOUS Label and annotate the following structures:- | * Alveolus | | = Capillary 3 Arrow showing direction of movement of 02 and CO2 Any 3 = 3marks (it) | Diffusin is the name of the process by which gases are exchanged in plants. ‘ or a 4 Diffusion occurs across cell surface in the leaf. b)_| There is a difference in the percentage of the respiratory gases exchanged during the day compared with the percentage exchanged during the night because:- | = Photosynthesis occurs in the day uses COz and or makes O2 | * O,produced during the day by photosynthesis is used in aerobic respiration but in C the night * CO2produced by respiration is used for photosynthesis in the day but not in the night Any 3 = 3 markso The effect of cutting and burning forests on the operation of the carbon cycle , and on the environment are:- = Cutting trees reduce photosynthesis and increases CO2 Cutting trees reduce photosynthesis and reduce O2 Burning (combustion) foresting increases CO2 Increase greenhouse gases Possible global warming - which can lead to Melting of polar ice caps Rise of sea levels Change in weather patterns ( some places becomes hotter and lead to drought, colder place becomes warmer and lead to better temperature for plant growth) vv Destroy habitats Destroy trees which result in less food for animals Soll erosion Landslides and destroy homes NOTE: BURNING FOREST WHICH RESULTS IN INCREASE CO; DOES NOT CAUSE OZONE DEPLETION!!! Any other reasonable suggestion Any 3 = 3 marks Total 15 marks| 5.(a) | [Features | Photosynthesis Respiration [Definition | Produce food using carbon _| The release of energy from ; dioxide and water —> _| food 2 | Equation | Carbon dioxide + water Glucose + oxygen —> | | Glucose + oxygen (using —_| Carbon dioxide + water + 2 | chlorophyll + su | energy ite Chloroplast Mitochondrion 2 occurrence | Occur only in day Occur all the time 2 | Any other reasonable answer Soil erosion since there will be not root from trees to keep soil together. In (©) | addition, the nearby waterfall will contribute further to the soil erosion. - No Smoking ~ cause forest fire |. No litering - when consumed by animals can cause death, encourage qi) | vectors which transmit organisms which cause disease ~ Don't bring in plants/animals - introduction of new species can result in competition for food, space etc. = Don’t remove plants/animals - they may not be able to survive in the outside habitat | ‘Any 2 explained = 1 marks each (max 2) | | Any 1 answer = 1 mark (max 4) otal marks) g | KC | UK may Drawing showing relative positions of organs: - mouth or oesophagus /| 3 stomach / liver / pancreas / gall bladder / small intestine (1 mark for each pair of answer ; max = 3mks) (One answer for each of the following) Mouth * Mechanical digestion / Saliva * Amylase production * Starch digestion | Oesophagus «Take food/bolus to stomach Stomach * HCI production / pepsin production/ gastric juice + Protein digestion Duodenum / small intestine | © Digestive enzymes released: sucrose, maltase, lipase, amylase, peptidase ‘+ Site of digestion by pancreatic enzyme Pancreas ‘© Secrete digestive enzymes: amylase, trypsin lipase * Secrete NaHCOs to neutralize acid from food a-6- Gi) ©) wi) Liver / Gall bladder * Release bile to aid in fat digestion + Regulate glucose * Absorb amino acid and or other liver function Any 4=4 Eat from a variety of plant source; include nuts, fruits, legumes/pulses, grains in diet Obtain protein from plant source / soy beans Eat from other food groups Any 3=3 Absence of minerals from soil / soil lacks water compound mineral uptake Minerals from soil needs to make several compounds Any point well explain icc. linking with a lack of nutrient in soil = 1 Nitrogen or sulphur to make protein Magnesium or Iron to make chlorophyll Calcium for cell wall Each explained = 2 marks; max 4mks TOTAL Section A No.4 (a) (i) Fresh leaves decay (%) 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Temperature (°C) Graph showing the percentage of leave decay at various temperatures