In business process we need to do the data processing cycle, the cycle contains four

operations that are data input, data storage, data processing, and the information output,
this cycle will create relevant and meaningful output that is useful to the business process.

Data Input is the data that will be fed to the process to create a meaningful output, the
steps in processing input are : Capturing transaction event – making sure the captured data
are accurate – and to ensure company policies are followed. To capture data we can utilize
paper source documents, turnaround documents, and source data automation like scanners
at store,source documents are documents used to store data about the transaction during
the transaction meanwhile turnaround documents are documents that are returned from
the external party that came from the company, the example is electric bill that’s signed
from the customer to the company, source data automation uses scanners like card reader
for debit and credit card and barcode scanner for retail stores.

Data Storage is a way to store data that will be processed due to large amount of data we
need to make an organized storage so that the process is much organized and doable, to do
that we can use coding techniques like sequencing codes so that each items consecutively
have different codes, block codes are also used to classify items like items that start with
number 2 are refrigerators and number 3 are for bicycles,group codes are also used to tag
and classify similar to block codes but group codes use more tags like red for colour and car
for category,mnemonic codes use letters and numbers to identify an item like Dry300W05
so that Dry stands for dryer 300 means low end, W for white, and 05 is made by Sears, to
store data we need to acknowledge master file, transaction file, and the database, master
file is file that store cumulative data about an organization, so each time transaction
happened the master file is being updated to keep them relevant and useful, transaction file
is file that contains record of transaction during a certain fiscal period, the concept of
transaction file is similar to journal in a manual AIS, database is a set of interrelated centrally
controlled data files that are optimized to reduce redundancy, database stores data into a
pool of records to serve variety of users and applications.

Data Processing to process a data we need to follow four types of process, they are CRUD,
Creating new records, Reading existing data, Updating previous record or data, Deleting
data, processing data can be done in real time while the transaction is happening and it also
can be done at the end of the business day which is called batch processing, real time
processing processes data immediately after the data got acquired and provides the
information to the user, batch processing accumulates transaction records into a batch at a
certain interval then got sorted into some sequence before processing.

Information Output is the result of the processed the raw input data, the output can be
viewed as soft copy which can be viewed online and the hard copies are document, reports
and query. Document is a record of transaction or data of the company, it includes checks,
invoices, reports, invoice, and requisitions, reports are output that display the company
situation that is used by employees to control operational activities, by managers to create
design strategies, and by investors and creditors to understand the company’s activities,
query is a request for database to provide information to deal with a problem.

Enterprise Resource Planning is a system that integrates all aspect of the organization like
accounting, finance, marketing, HR, manufacturing, and inventory management. ERP is
modular so that companies can buy specific modules to meet their requirements and their
situation. ERP integrates activities with these cycles : Revenue cycle, Expenditure cycle,
Production cycle, H/R payroll cycle, general ledger and reporting system. ERP has
advantages and disadvantages, the advantages are : ERP streamlines the flow of information
through enterprise-wide single view of the organization’s data, ERP only need to capture
data once for the whole organization to use so that less corruption can be done(shared),
ERP is easier to monitor and to manage, ERP improves customer service, ERP automates
process. Meanwhile the disadvantages are : ERP costs alot of money to create and to
manage, ERP takes long time to implement to an organization, ERP is complex, ERP takes
steep learnig curve to master.