I.

Objective
Identify cause-effect relationship (EN4RC-IVh-2.16)

II. Content: Cause-Effect Relationship

Resources: Curriculum Guide in English 4, page 94

III. Procedure
A. Presentation
Good morning, children!
I have here 5 sentences. Let’s read them.

1. Karla ate all of her breakfast because she was hungry.

2. I was late for school today because I forgot to set the alarm clock.
3. Patrick dropped his toy car because he didn’t hold it tightly.
4. Tita Jenny baked me a cake because it was my birthday.
5. We sold our car because we needed the money.

These sentences make a cause-effect relationship. This morning children we are going to identify
cause-effect relationship.

When we say cause it is the reason why something happened while effect is the result or the
outcome of the cause.

CAUSE EFFECT

The reason why something happened. The result or outcome of the cause.

B. Teacher Modeling
Let’s go back to the 5 sentences that you read a while ago. I am going to identify which is the
cause and which is the effect in each sentence.

1. I’ll read the first sentence. Karla ate all of her breakfast because she was hungry.

Which is the cause and which is the effect? What is the reason why Karla ate all her breakfast?
Aha, because she was hungry. She was hungry is the cause because it is the reason why she ate
all of her breakfast.

What is the effect or the result of Karla being hungry? Karla ate all of her breakfast. This is the
effect or the result of her being hungry. I’ll read the second sentence.
2. I was late for school today because I forgot to set the alarm clock.

What is the cause or the reason why I was late for school today? Aha, It is because I forgot
to set the alarm clock. This is the cause. What is the effect or the result of me forgetting to
set the alarm clock? I was late for school today. This is the effect.

3. I’ll read the 3rd sentence. Patrick dropped his toy car because he didn’t hold it tightly.

What is the cause or the reason why Patrick dropped his toy car? Hmmmm, I know it, it is
because he didn’t hold it tightly. So this is the cause. What is the effect or the result of him
not holding the toy car tightly? He dropped his toy car. This is the effect.

4. I’ll have the 4th sentence. Tita Jenny baked me a cake because it was my birthday.

What is the cause or the reason why Tita Jenny baked me a cake? Aha, the reason is that It
was my birthday. It was my birthday is the cause. What is the effect or the result of that day
being my birthday? Tita Jenny baked me a cake. This is the effect.

5. I’ll read the last sentence. We sold our car because we needed the money.

What is the cause or the reason why we sold our car? Aha, the reason is that we needed the
money. This is the cause. What is the effect or the result of us needing some amount of
money? We sold our car. This is the effect.

C. Guided Practice
I have here another set of sentences. Let’s identify the cause-effect relationship by underlining
the cause and circling the effect. Don’t forget to write C for Cause and E for Effect.

Everybody read the first sentence.

1. I slept late last night so I feel sleepy now.

Guide questions:
1.1 What is the cause or the reason why I feel sleepy now?
Who can go to the board and underline the cause and write C under it?

1.2 What is the result or the effect of sleeping late at night?

Who can go to the board and encircle the effect?
Is the answer correct? Yes, it is correct. Very good!
 2. Everybody read the second sentence. Due to my fever, I was absent for 3 days.
2.1 What is the cause or the reason why I was absent for three days? Call someone
to answer. Is the answer correct? Ok, very good.
2.2 What is the effect of me having a fever? Who can go to the board and encircle
the effect? Ok, that is correct.

3. Sarah touched a hot pan so she burned her hand.

3.1 What is the reason or the cause why Sarah burned her hand?
3.2 What is the effect when Sarah touched a hot pan?

4. The sun set so it was dark outside.

4.1 What is the reason or the cause why it was dark outside?
4.2 What is the result or the effect once the sun set?

5. Carlo dropped his glass so it broke on the floor.

5.1 What is the reason or the cause why the glass broke on the floor?
5.2 What is the result or the effect when Carlo dropped the glass?

D. Generalization
How do we identify a cause?
How do we identify the effect?

E. Practice Exercise

I have here a ball. You are going to pass this ball around. Once I said “stop”. The pupil who holds
the ball will pick a strip of paper, read the sentence aloud and identify the cause and the effect.

Let’s start. Pass the ball.

The sentences written on the strip of paper are:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

F. Independent practice.