Hypothetical Syllogisms. Analyze the syllogisms below.

Determine their validity by, first, identifying the specific

type of conditional, disjunctive, or conjunctive syllogisms; second, representing the syllogisms through the
symbols; and analyzing them in the light of the valid moods of syllogisms.

1. Unless the Philippine government is transparent in its transaction with the Chinese government, the Filipinos
will remain skeptical about the new broadband agreement. The press secretary confesses that the government
does not hide anything from the public. Consequently, the Filipinos will not be skeptical about the new
broadband agreement.
2. There is no significant improvement in the economy unless the national government sets a long term
macroeconomic goal. NEDA (National Economic Development Authority) claims that it has prepared a long
term macroeconomic goal. Hence, there will be a significant improvement in the economy.
3. Unwanted pregnancies will go down if sex education will be integrated in the curriculum of high school
students. DoH (Department of Health) claims that unwanted pregnancies will decrease in the next five years.
Ergo, sex education will be integrated in the curriculum of high school students.
4. If K2-12 will be implemented, then the number of undergraduate courses will be reduced and research
activities will be enhanced. CHED (Commission on Higher Education) claims that the number of undergraduate
courses will be reduced and research activities will be enhanced. Thus, K2-12 will be implemented.
5. If permafrost melts and global warming exists, then there will be increased snow precipitation.
Climatologists observe that the permafrost in Russia are slowly melting and confirm the existence of global
warming. Hence, there will be increased precipitation.
6. Love is worth sharing with others if it is good. But others claim that we should love only one. So, love is not
good.
7. Corruption will not be stopped unless government red tapes will be shortened. The DILG secretary
announced that the department is implementing reforms to shorten red tapes in government transactions.
Hence, corruption will be stopped.
8. Profligate use of public funds can be prevented if taxpayers demand a return of their money. Nowadays,
taxpayers demand increased spending of their taxes on public services and infrastructures. Thus, profligate use
of public funds can be prevented.
9. A relationship is worth saving unless it stops lovers from growing up. Charles said that his relationship allows
him to mature. So, his relationship is worth saving.
10. An act is good if it makes a human being become responsible. Excessive charity makes the poor dependent
on others and not become responsible. Ergo, excessive charity is evil.
11. Only if public goods are equitably distributed will there be social justice. Majority of the poor are still unable
to enjoy public services and resources. Therefore, there is no social justice.
12. Many computer systems will not be safe only if hackers are able to compromise a 128-bit encryption system.
Many computer systems are not safe. Hence, hackers are able to compromise a 128-bit encryption system.
13. Software piracy will be stopped only if manufacturers will lower the price of their products. Manufacturers
agree to reduce the price of their software. Hence, software piracy will be stopped.
14. Jao will be able to win the 25-K run only if he is able to train for at least three weeks. He admitted that he
trained for five weeks. Consequently, he will win the 25-K run.
15. Only if an artist preoccupies himself with religious sensibilities will he lose his creativity. Cruz was not
preoccupied with religious sensibilities when he made his work “Politeismo”. Hence, he did not lose his
creativity.
16. Christmas will graduate this October if and only if he will pass his undergraduate thesis. Christmas claimed
that he passed his undergraduate thesis already. Ergo, he will graduate this October.
17. The theory of global warming will be regarded as true if and only if scientists unanimously accept it. Many
climatologists reject the theory. Consequently, global warming is not regarded as true.
18. If and only if Mez will be responsible for herself will she succeed in her endeavor. Mez claims that she is
successful in her career. Then, she is responsible for herself.
19. Tax collection will be improved if and only if the government will prosecute tax evaders. DoJ (Department
of Justice) and BIR (Bureau of Internal Revenue) are collaborating to prosecute tax evaders. Therefore, tax
collection will be improved.
20. Our society will be better if and only if we will gain intellectual liberty. The current educational system aims
toward intellectual maturity and liberty. Consequently, our society will be better.
21. If the society assures the equal distribution of social goods, then there will be no dissent. If rebels will return
to the fold of the law, then there will be no dissent. Consequently, if the society assures the equal distribution
of social goods, then rebels will return to the fold of the law.
22. If agricultural lands are reclassified into industrial lands, then fewer lands are allocated for food production.
If agricultural lands are reclassified into industrial lands, then there will be a crisis concerning food security.
Thus, if fewer lands are allocated for food production, then there will be a crisis concerning food security.
23. If the national government subsidizes the transport groups, then the farmers’ groups feel marginalized. If
the farmers’ groups feel marginalized, then food production will not be increased. Hence, if the national
government subsidizes the transport groups, then food production will not be increased.
24. If the government supports financially researchers and scientists, then it can compel them to serve the
country. If the government supports financially researchers and scientists, then they can help improve the
economic condition of the Philippines. Hence, if the government can compel researchers and scientists to
serve the country, then they can help improve the economic condition of the Philippines.
25. If students will spend longer years in formal education, then they will mature intellectually. If students will
spend longer years in formal education, then they cannot work right away. Hence, if students will mature
intellectually, then they cannot work right away.
26. Contractors will either build structures out of good materials or see their enterprise crumble within a few
years. But most engineers build structures out of defective materials. Hence, their enterprise will collapse
within a few years.
27. Either we will be responsible inhabitants of this planet or we will be witnesses to its destruction. Earthlings
claim that we are responsible inhabitants of this planet. Consequently, we will not be witnesses to the
destruction of this planet.
28. Vincent will either pass his thesis or miss his chance to graduate with honors. He announced that he will not
pass his thesis. Ergo, he will miss his chance to graduate with honors.
29. Filipinos are either bookworms or booksellers will not gain. Booksellers say that their business is not
gaining. Hence, Filipinos are not bookworms.
30. Either Carlos runs for a cause or he simply loves to run. Carlos claims that he loves to run. Thus, he does not
run for a cause.
31. The Philippine government will either implement drastic measures to counter the rising fuel prices or face
the looming civil unrest. The press secretary announced that the government will not face the looming civil
unrest. Ergo, it will implement drastic measures to counter the rising fuel prices.
32. Musicians perform for the love of art or they play music for monetary concerns only. Many musicians do not
play for monetary concerns only. So, they perform for the love of art.
33. Either creationists will find scientific evidence for their position or their claim to scientificity will be rejected.
Creationists’ claim to scientificity was rejected. Therefore, they did not find scientific evidence for their
position.
34. A prudent man is either impulsive or reflective. But a prudent man is not impulsive because he weighs
different sides before he decides. Consequently, a prudent man is reflective.
35. Either she has a knack for procrastination or she enjoys the pressure of doing things in the eleventh hour.
Dominique says she enjoys the pressure of doing things at the eleventh hour. Ergo, she does not have a knack
for procrastination.
36. Messe is either a responsible and mature father or an irresponsible and immature one. His offspring loves
him for being responsible and mature. Thus, he is not irresponsible and immature.
37. Dennis has either ten pesos, less than ten pesos, or more than ten pesos. He admits that he does not have
ten pesos. So, he has either less than ten pesos or more than ten pesos.
38. Software programmers will develop applications that will suit the needs of the end-users or they will
disregard the need of the end-users. Many software programmers develop applications that suit the needs of
the end-users. Consequently, they do not disregard the needs of the end-users.
39. Either one is an empiricist, who relies on the evidence of the senses, or one is a fideist, who regards
everything as a matter of faith. Magno regards everything as a matter of faith. Thus, he is not an empiricist.
40. Georgia will either welcome you back or refuse to accept you again. She says you are not welcome in her
life anymore. So, she refuses to accept you again.
41. No one can be both a Marxist and a capitalist as the same time. Arthur claims that he is not a capitalist.
Ergo, he is a Marxist.
42. Businessmen cannot be altogether good citizens and tax evaders. Mr. Malloo is not a tax evader. As a
consequence, he is a good citizen.
43. A legislator cannot be both a law abiding and law breaking citizen at the same time. Nathaniel is a law
abiding citizen. Hence, he is a law breaking citizen.
44. The president cannot be both a government and a private official at the same time. Mr. Pico is a private
official. Hence, he is not a government official.
45. Crispin cannot work and enjoy vacation altogether. His wife says that he is not working. Hence, he is
enjoying vacation.