Reinforced Coment Concrete StruCtures According to CIS 486-2900 ) D Properbey +f Concrete a ) Minimam Girode of Cononte hy Roc = MIQ0 Cin normal) = Mzo Gn Sea woke) a) Unk weight — Rec. = Q5 bjs D Characteristic Compressive Sbreng te Chee) We Concluce Voutou LestyZepecimens Po Veron Heace Rv derisa Purpose Ue fx Cerlein feb velue by wtigg Peomata (x give Vn of Valyg ore greote, tran ts Value, sre Ooly S¥ eve Cx pected Concrete bo Colealoste fer. : b+ far) belo thor Vole) | CT Slender deviabon « | =F a mink. wt oe nH Pee = fem -b65e"| Bide et Cae Ore Aug ea ee He Nowf Lest “Fit Caly Y Flexural and Split Tensile Steenstn Cerf Fem= Mean Chenty = Sf - alexa a : pice Wings) # Je. = OF TPR | T= 35 Wom fu (Mig ~ Mis) o — el 2 U0 Sfmm (Mag Mins) 3) Modula of Elotterty (Cec) = S:on/mmt CEM J Allo Called ' Thibiat tangent moeutus” 61) Short term Closte moduluy, “. Three Zeros ) |e: 5000S Rk ( ase] OGRE 6) Shwnbase (Vokametiie) Strein in Conesete [= O D Creep f Guerte Ce) Te defwed oy tre Increase in deformation unity Kme Onder conttorst food Llbmote Creep Chrain O=22 Cay) zt Greffecent CO) = cc? = Ebrtc Ctrein at tease of Foe FIG (Be dy pple eee ane Ct geor) Se wk berm Elatte ot Logg Keren modules fe bikcy = 7 eee & 8) ClocsiPcoton of Concate fr (Re-c fs ordi rete Mio - Moo eae r Max Cement Cea ten E ) RB: Skandord Concrete / Mas - M55 FUS0 tas %. Mgh cbrengin Concrete > Mo D Proper of Gee! Eo = 2x}05 Sore Cfer all type of Reinforcement steel ) YB Llemm . Lermed y bart 4 con be Cotled foc trancpartovon Plamm, Exrmed y ®Odt 4 they ow tronsported lengthy, *) The Gre of bers Used y Reinfercement at 5, 6 8, 10,2, (6,20, 22,25,32, 36, HO, 45, 50 mm * Fe-a50 (Mild @ Medium Tencile Steet bers) Viele Deformed Cold worked Steel bore) HigAl; Feast fesoo C 2M varsoLJorking kre G4). Efasec method The working Stress metrod Testes i Comper atively lage Sections. > Here tre faite f Chrictwe oCcurrat mack higher Joody > Th does mt Provide Wealrsbe mease of Pore agornst Collapse of Strete Assumptions in UCM > Plane Sectronc before and after benet PAIL Kencile Streccey om Ker Loken vp by Velafercement on} > The Cérecs- Stra Yelaton fu Cleel ard Concrete ir Fekete Permissible Strece in Concrete ‘The Sbreccg Ckeel € Corcrete an het Allowed Veilues *f Stresses are fnown-o Permissrole Ckrvecse erect el os ee Co) Fado of foRly Rance Yemain lone b> OxCed Some Specs Pes Pecmissrbte Steers ¢n Concecte _Neture sf Ream ‘in Soe | | os Se re bs Flexwre (Bence Gnpwsron) a. [=P Rod ireee> Comp manron ye be = Ree S- Rencay Tension Mie oth j= febfu & Direct Tensron B65 -9:5 Eo a Pebyes” Foe 5- Pverage Bond Shecr | 25-35 se \* Seis ~ Fg, Pecrmsgble SEress in Steel rela Strengty Ch) + Permissible Eennile cher i9 Steel = — aaa CmTEad Cory wn [Bos fr steak’ wemforcement = hE > ase = za jog get = aa Tape of Steet FTE Cfo) | Grade fo __| Ke C9fmoe) Fe 250 (Gog geriezomm Bs tea > Lomm ee Meo | 7 Fewis ‘2Bo Meg | &5 | Fe 500 | a5 M30 to { cn bottom Pon (5.2 Strain in Coneece = Gye. dire €£qz8) c - Sbein in Reinforcement Es — =f = SMocluloe Rate Cn) Te CP cept Sirsa effect oe te eee ‘nto Conttden) Ee “a — 280 Cif Temp + Shrinkage efhedy on token toto Congident ) ~ Bebe | | Mis | Meo | Mas Mz, ™ | 1-64 lisse | "i | 4.33 Sa ee ee aD Singly Reinfrted Sectens Ralanced Under -Reinf Secho(=X) — Sect-g Creexe) fe ctrecs (Compre) in Concrete at Gp mock Ribe Ph Be SereecC tensile) en Concede ot bottom morb Libre ri Dee Ld = Depth of octet m9 CParcng Treh Zem Chen of fre fe) fez ked = Depr 2f Cobra wm CPeutey Omer, Zar Permetcble Chey Py ort £. zr Id = lewerm = (bite bn Co of cm eoEer ica.) : Dili deacee oT ( i : eee I+ a = (+ Sie BNA Getoet Ck) = a mei OTR ae Leverorm Creffitenk C5) 2 (==) Sole roy ub? EU Forces Compressive Rete Co) = Aves =f Cmprcsin Steers dagem xf = CE Le Tensile free CT) = Area of bensifn Sheet ARE = Ack x Pe Loceton of NA an eee ead ieee * Compreseie fore Ce) = Tensile & re (Te Ph Kaa ee, | Monrent of Resirtants Be = Cxlemam = Tx|evracmD Ralanced/Economicay/Critret fecton hake Mame fe=stes . fees ost ocCurs when " Permics ibe Stvessy ™ Skeet and Concrete ort developed Simettane uly". | Cre Concrete voill Crash 4 Cteek ost Yield ob Came Leme) ie (eo Pipecre = wager, “J MRe Qbe | ( i geecea eer (a) @| Sebe Tk) bel 2 CQ = focre lente) PRR = Ace stt «lem arm % Under ReinPucedt / Safe Cece BO ie. Matte spices 4 Mee= ont “ Actuol mn Ire oboe De Cribea ae) Oceut when Pee weodly A tke G Cerfien ton fe Teach Sey Max permissible skrecrey in Steel clereloped Garin Thon tn Connie — tence, we observed Come fetluc Crocty ' Sbractue - before et Oi tren We Can State Remedicy According fo Lather, PTR = Act xan ~ [ever orm ¢) OVA Reinforced / ontafe Secton C1 a oe topes HL> RoR Pe idope 4 Fee < oy Actual oa Wey Galen tre Critteot WA) occu when Fe reachy The orler thon Fr ¥eoch ap, FEE box “Permisible Chrecre, (m Concrete cleeloped Carlie tin fy) Skeet. = Heng , we cbeerve Cannot observe any Fost tis lacebreea before *€ Collapse » Ant Fb oy Suddenly Collopred Mere Qbde Note: The Concrete below the NA doe mote Yesist ay heading moment Bat cimply Serve © embed te tensile skeetLimit State ©) Platte Metned Sr [Ime State metued, A Structure © derigned Gar Sofety agatart anes Cre for vltimott Strengtn & Serf Ulbimcte oat) ant Checleeat Po hey Serwereobiiity at Coorking foo , they Serer De femctue Ke fon intended fe oP collapse of Serviceaby ity TE dleate usth ckrength and TE deats voity Stabi {ity of the Structure under ) DePlectsm and Cracte'ng. Under maximum design (ocd Sesvice Joy 1sFlexure 2. Compression [ Ourabiiity - Steabriity, Pre rere tone, B- Shear 4 Torsion meres y under Worbing envirenment Rartrad Safety factors fy bead Desian leecl Cha) = Cheracteriste fond CF) * Portia sfety Racker Be ony e) Load Combination Limit state of Collapse |Lim't stat» of Servicesb yy _ er wel | ff Bie ce 3 a Gi = = 2 PL+ WYeL ‘4 (0 - DL+Tt+ WEL le 1-Q 4 t-o Ok he oe a nae 7 OG Value + be Consider When Stabivhy ageinth overturniey /skrert terencal &¢ Cansiden F TP use Concsdn the EL in design. then there if no Reed bo Conntla UL, ig BL Already bro bith. Che Combination +f WLHEL & ot Conniten ) Parivat Safety acess fy. mateart Decign Sérengtn +f tmoten'et CPt) = u Choractenit te Sbengty of medcrel Chess) Portal Bfety Gafety Patton Po notes matental CP) | Gomit Cloke of Servicens rity Steet = (5 Sled feo Comrete - 1:50 Concrete ~ Ie wt Stoke of Ceflopse D, -43 20.87 Design stregjty of Steet 7G B ConCrete Pee is Congiden Por IGoma Cube. Zot tn acted Se She will very beh. Mere for decisn Prepare Congda Fee = = FQ o6rfe Cv Fe cies ) 2 2 wee = paoek BSUS es Coles Decigg Streaitn -f oe emissa Gel hE esi aati RS)Clrets- Stroin Ourrve by Cresete ay. (0-002) of stron Ere Cure & Pere bolic Ce Stress A Skin) 1» From (0-002 — 0:0035) oF Steg tre cune is hortrontel St line. Cie Strece & Constant) > AL o-385y.Co-0035) f Shon re Concrete eet fel > Che Max Ctreon in Conga = 0-025) Stress > Stree Stros Carre for Steet. DFiv Cold Worked deformed bas Feulr + fecoo ) D For pila cheek CR 250) TE hey mot deFinrte Yretd Potot Th hey defines Veta paint see aaah Boer pe 8 7 Saas ony Pie Pens omen ae 0-00R Exon : a & Max Stra'n (£q) 0-002 + OP eR > cure is Lnecr’ upto ne OR £ oe Coerh) for Choancterste yied Cbrengtn Lael # beciaq cong Cre ax Meld ctatw at Falke’) FOLK of pref Sreg despecerely, Cfo oll type «f keel) eee 787Siagly Reinforced Sect n Sy =0-0085 —— _Camnprsion pane | pension ‘zone e—+ Esu = ons Sete € Strain “dro gream a —_—s he DS orc9 4 Okt it es ( Esu > e009. EEE Hore ik gee Steer dregeana » 3 M2 Gin ttooy SFE hoe nates Parortste 65 celeste Gay Fem By Remola) 0-085 _ ‘Too Seu eo pgprresae tees ae re hi i Noo 40.22, But Erdleg 290284 (Coon 4 OEE eae Fea + Esu iaise 2 OSS | Co-s21) Coun) | Conse) ca D ta Oe AL ae Ci a = At ® 2s: mae = urge [hz 7 Of Steel et) Tr analycis, we hot mod bso importent Accumptione thet Assumption 4~ Mox Comprettin Céoin iy Concrete = 070035 at Pai pescmp Reval WineaTennifelcteia’ in, chee Rae 2.004. a at failure (ate Soest s 2085 4 7 oy | S00 ue hare Hameo Kerveren A Xamon > Nant Kamin + fm ee Ka PRey men —A Peed Ja > amor O002 + 8 > \. bee one oncon e0-€78) Bel aaeen al \ > Be Sh & Preece S Bath acrampt oar an Sabicfel tm boty Cater ) Over Reinforced Section CX > Xu, mon Case®) + TE Violets Ge aseimpton @ dU hough accamption © Sutinfeed GreeQ 7 FE Vollety OScumptton © along wsempten E) Sakrfrod® Ralanced Secton Nas Hey mox Mu = Muti Een 00025, cu = Ovor + WEF = Pati = outa oe Jaamon 4° Atctem = Rain 68 PER= Martim = Curtin x (lever card tim 2 onze fe, Maren ({-o.urc Mere) bs b under Reinforced Section . o Se a rimasaisa Steck yee O-00%s = Eto coe sae 5 MR = 0-26 fee (AL) Cf-o-ure 2) bar © Tk Setic fed at vequeement. hena i iy Cafe £ €Canom'cal ¢) over Ree nfored en De Nerney Mae Mutrm Eon BO 0085 , Be Tent eee TLL Violet atteast one eguirement in any Care. Hence i 8 net Cafe. And © better be wederign G9 (by incesiny 3) @) te betta te go Pe Noubly Reinforces Gectronh Doubly Qeinforced Sectors i Addpied hn Cpty> Muslin) £ Ont ¢ Sal) Bet cow 00025 (%u-d') Kea Strin in Competition Yeinfarcemente Emu = fee = Design Sbess in Compre(rion Ber afortemente ; 7 bepend of Era value. frm Stress Sron Curve Cs Pec teres with Era & becreatey wim SL vetve_) Flanged secteons Seat Monolithic slab The menclitmc Slab 2 Sapprrted bean acts Eagetnen Mt Cottled Flanged beam, T-beame # L—beemg oe Pbrgect Seotoy Slab Reinforcements pes Saas D Main Steet CAse) Show be Parallel to tre beam sca ® Transverse Steet 4. OG Aye || Roca Proviclea chtme mid Stan of te Slab (| is Motn sectCalculation «f FE ffectie Plome widen Covhich ena rt fees) Cala 5) Le beam bp = & + but 6D¢ by ee -obe he + Out) ats Lsolated Them ee eee) by ee ee thw _ O5Ls @re 7 bp 2 08 _ Gr: =b ai tohere- + be Lo = Disten by the pointy f Zero moments in be beam (Simply supported) = Ort Let, Chae Conkinuoes bom) Effective thickness “fF Flewe Ce) Sp = O15 Karmog +O 65 Dp op Dep Conditions ; ‘) Compressive Strere in Dre fee Co. ee) usitl be Untform — When Dp oo ha O0U3 Xa ae ©) Conder Rew forera) = Spina > weroed) fe. 2s | CRatenad Sector) On Pet 2del 2 \bea Ee Then Eheom behowy like o Rectorgutor beanee Limit State of — Collapse ty Cheer Shear stresses (9 the beom a Coured by the tie Spen. G Se Constent _ iS called Shear open) Fallure moder due te Sheor Depend upton the rate of RMCm) t CFC) at Afferent Secern Grere may be three reyronp of Cracty rn he beom, ® web Cheer Cracly developed neon tre Web £ thy on inchnes (2 us:) 4) Flexural Tentin Sheon 7% occas Why Lencile Skresy Beechy Jrermire'ble strecie £(M>>v) ? They on Vertical % natue van'aten of G0 abyy > Occurs watn lorge Chean ont Crushing of Oencrert ? They ae Vertic £ inclined Observe n Comp Une. Deoso =f Chea Strers v a et ® Nominot Cheer Strees (%) = Ey a AAS SP Cvergigg deetn) 5) Desisn sheer cbeegtr (%) epee (ss Be ML edn Depend on Pek + A Le = oes Tek Fivire versa A O16 Sele Cure'm) Skres.t (CU,nex) ef Gneate loi Sheer [Rein fercm [Grede +f concn [Mis Pao Mag Semmes CES (eae he Qe Bo as aa OD Mowimim estan Sheor 20 oot ieee wo { een U4 (org my Case (GZ %e) Provide minimum Sheer reinforcement, io the form of Sbrrups. pee > OM (9 = Sheor Retaforaament Oren 0-898 Se = Spades of Stemup CHEN, Shel Extra Chece Pace. (Mes > CW%-T)bA) Shall be provided » SPaley +f Strireupy Can be Galewaked bp Case) DB Verbeat Steups 1) Trctned Comps ©) Rent-vp bees Vue = O87 B Ast OBER Reed rf aoa = SEE Vor = 8 FB Mey Sinot Note! atuse 4 BF 4SmPa a> os re Boomm J ™ lets TWh eve > Minimum Shean Feinfercedment -[Dovled t renye the “Principal Tenscon” > Bent-up hoes an Provided in a beam to seme Mme " Oregona Tension®, a cia ke‘Limert State of Callopse i feonel Ron - The adhesive force between Conret- Reinforcement fond strece (Vea) - The Mnkensity fF tres BARN Por We CYRL Root Chey, 7 EH tre Shear Cbrect acting paraltel & Fre reinforcing bor 09 tre 'Nerfacs Hy te bar ant the Concrete , a of Concreve. | Meo Mes M30 Mzs = Muo Tha fo. Plain bere in Tension | 162 (cre 1-5 165 hg 7 Trereased hy 60% Por defarmeat bout Sale ges 7 Tncreased by (28% Wheq bet th Gmpraieg. = hess Development: Lengtm be ae Due te the bond. trtet fetytr of toe ber @ (a EY may not €ffected when it if Skrecreg « ied ey ee ee eee Yield trey & he Zero Coey Tot, pte -( me =: Develeomen’ Lengen OR TR & 5 = L4) aba Cuoten bas I “Tension ) ta {eT M, for o-8afy Lo =I La ML, CHtormcl Carat ton) #128 4 ono HZ Le CEny of bors we Combine & Comparsne rescton) ) Wohen Rect in bundle: C o#22mm) La of each bar Chit be increatet by 10%, 2 , 32x Por 5 Abe, Ther £ UW buy fy Contact asenpccerely, Anchoragig Raxt Q Centra lengin for So fery) % Ty Téngron GJ Be dePemed bere, may not repind anchorage C,’ Provided Gi SuPhicient') Bend Gi) Remedy. Amcharaje Value = ues ( poate ste (i) Heoles Anchorage value =168 ( U-tupe ays ane by Ty Compression aa Ancharage volue = La (for any type of bend 4 hoo) Reinforcement Sp Ircang a l= Lop 1 fF Nek Spirday bey < Box * Splicing Chould nek be done when Bei S o5 mr Lo B>Bimm Lap [eng tm ®) Tn Bending tenpron = Lg (w= fear cba) v fre = Bog 3 Sates SD Tr dvrece Tenn = BL grate > Zog J- 3 In Comprecston = La Y ome = 248Limit State of Callapse In “Torsion Torsion effect is moaserly Seen in 89: Lebeame Space Framy .. eke, Hence Ctrrups are provides & erick the Eorsion, Called Torsion Reroforcsment alto Catted Trentverse /Loterat 2tinfortemnt. Thye oe [Y te h lt % stirrups Mean/ Cong i tuctingo! nei oforcerrert* Equivalent naming Sheen Sbecs C Tue) = Sy thee (ve = Vath) Ta = Ackrol teccion ™mement-- 7 Cosel) CMe 2%) eee 4 Provide minimum Cher Wiafortemect intie form of Ck wep, Avi 3 Om bs 0-8 F fy CaseGi) ( We > te) Rots Longitudinal £ Ganrvece setoforcement Shall be pProvi'ded a As y Ce-%) } bs ~ oerG Spacing of Stirrups > X . xi4y aie a Zoo mm A) One-way Slabs Slab Supported by one-directionot beam Adopted When Lengey ef Leage Span 4) qigeway S Toby Shab Supported by ati four €4gey + Side of beomp Adopted shen Lenge of Longer span . a lengtn, ft Shorts Span eas oS Flat Slebs Hie thickness “f Flot hs The Clubs Chould be Supported by Columns only, = 125mm Gre There tr no beoms i the Struchire) Column head vertex, angle = 0" Geererally Neen Mule’ -complexe, - Thearey , eee,Limit Stote f Collope in Compression (Calumns) - ba a) Wall pD>ud on b) Pedestal (Leg 436), (D4 3b), Cheb) t be feast lateal dimencis ©) Coluenn CLey >34) ie ent on fs Prd olfe Sabicfys Dre Pallossigg Fequrements. LZ Gob CBotn eney Restrained) Bae - & loob® (Cantilever Column ) ben Dd <> Columns Used % bouildings Uohen, they Sabgectect to Arent force only > Colemns Used in Fremed Skractuny , volen Oey are Subpeckat bo Ret, Combined bendigg # aruret force . » Tied Column Square/ Recteypron calumny ar mostly of this Eype 2) Column sith helicd Reinforcement Civesley and oCkegonel Columus or mostly of tus type Pek af Cheliect Celemn) = 1105 & Cetrayh op Bod cn) Unga Volume $ Spit Ref) so. 30 (4% ) ae Volime of Care Longitudinal Reinforcement CAse) DD Ace 4 0:8 of Ag Ccolemnt) + 4 + Ay 8) Norof Jongituderal bore OS FAY CPederet) The d Column ZY CRectorguton Tied Coleman) 6 Cetrenten helreat, Catunny 3) pea of longctu- bar & [2mm spocing tf $ Boomm 4) piech/cpacing +f bare ler § eae Ee Helical Reinforcement | ) Miaimam pitch 4°25 "m 4 Jeack 3g D Maumum Pitch F 1S oa eae *# Minimum eccenEoty Cn & (ea Ao mm be > ee Revrfonn val fuss Ceo F Ulbrmote Toast Camying Copocity of Calomn CR) = 0-u Pay Be + 0-6 1fy Ase Stenderoate Reta (Thi Sore es Lee 21 GGheceicalarin) leact loperct eension SIX CSlender Column)ee Lint Slate Pf Serv eo’ b Serviceabiiity is the Btnecy of the Struc tue Functor Satisfacterily Deflector Final t Serve the Aerired onda Service load o) Deflecton + Seco SFR ®) Leng term Deflecton These oceurg due t Creep and Shrinkage ©Ffect , aden Surkeined faced, Gnd Are Calculated on bre basis of ‘e ( & eece Ge ftrerent \ ir6 nod Shore + Long term defiecto modified elaste moduluc ( Ece) ") Tetot Deflecton b) Laterak Stab Hy (hen tue Lordy ef Compreceron Pace ir Smotl ef Compared to tne depth of the beom, fe May Port nm buck bres The Clear distance between laterol restrains Should be lercen of Following ) bob ey 2508! Fe SO 4 Continues beom ) 1° - a nr) ash ov leobr CB Carklem, beam ) 9) Gack vordty Be mild envionment Sevfece Croce fp OI mm For aggresive envirement Serface Crack wisn # O100Y-XNomine Cover 3) Skeet Strecr of Sesvice loade CFs) fo = O5RR, x Ofe)rewied CAGE) provedesDrovisiong As oe x [000 Spacing ef Reinforcement (8) | Q@) Reams | Horrenta Spacing Man bia of oe Max agg + 5mm | grester NVerlcol Spacing 4 Max pie of bor Sa Mex 099 Breaty US mm b) Site face ReinPorcemmnt Bb Web thicknece j teat Boome ) Sheav Reinforcement p O15d J tee Boomm 4) Slabs Nocmat Conct E99 ao 4 Leone Boo mm Leagt against Sheinicoge £ $ 5d u of 50 mm Temperotert ©) Columns ‘i 2. cal SnEnti2y Long? budinot [pitch H Leost lave: ‘one : 2 log Zo0 mm Reinforcement Deterle Reams : ; / DEES. ‘Asc \inig = 2. (Pst rnin SS tae ba | (BSE) mon = OW elRpamee oe Eec)mex = Oroubd = 0.04% bD b) Side face Reinforcement reer : h > 150 mn Dicky buted Provided depm of web 7 [a = Total | aren +f [Gch Reinfwcnt 4: 1617 of web are | Ste faces ) Columns Gras ogk of &D ~ Bselee > 4% F bp Crome Conditre) cae = 6y. of bp Gs Invohe prac - a) Slabe pee 2 (ees Gies of Cir area Child Steet) Ce ONDH ef CIS Gree C Deformed 67 Welded)Size of bor (a) @ t& (2mm Columns) Aithogh Dra of bars % BEmm — (Lo splices) >& C slabs) Gycloble in merece from — 5- 50mm Elective leggtrs Po Learns (For Columns Some ay Rolled Steel Sections) ® Simply Supported F cs Ce = Centre b> Centre Len = te aS {lease iene b) Cantilever L = Cleor Spon leg = L$ co) ConBinuowt nem o Taeeoe Gin el beta J ep = Ltd | tent ele ; > Cored) tf b> cee | 60 mm Seeteed ae (far startgg end Fixed J ee ses 2 { tees (fr starting end free ) (oe 4) Frames Ley = Cfe Effective Depths | Zz Beams (Mmiazuyn) | Slabs (milad Span om | Span dlom | T=beams | one way | Tero -vve} ___ | aimee | ‘Cpanerom) Span lo Span Span in Ee + Pan | Spun Cantilever 7 - to-l2 st seth eal Bl cian a Simmp)y Supps ted go @o ta-15 | «20 35 enn 26 26 26 | 40 eke ? for Slabs of HYSD: bac, Che above Valuy Should be mulbipiied by Og > This Effective det, Shen be ured & know tre Vertical dePlecton latNominel Caver ©) Clear Coven | aime Cover Exposare -| Nemnal Cover Minimum | = ae Cancts Bon) & eee | | Beoms 4 slats @ Mild oan mee | en ee Moderate Fim Mes Severe US men Fook'ng © 50mm Mao 7 Very Severe Sommn roe pei exteeme “15 om | 2 Fir Columns of bZ2oomm & PEI2Zmm. then Nominol Coven = 25 mm > Fe Mild Expocure Conittn £ FEI 2em . Chen NC tecbecet by Smm Fr Severe & wey Severe 4% fx Se Mtas . tom NO vedwsd by Bom Age fect» Caren) Comprecsie, Sevegt of concrete taken oy 28 evs of Pek f [Samm cube Ves: | Ctrength of Moo gute Concete after Smonly Ase fatty Selting Eme = Qox (IS Deflecten .xecovery > Ff Impoted loade are Femovd Wityin Biphs , The Shractwe Should be Becoven it's deftecten at leage TS%. tf nop Leck se peat afte, T2 hy > Ragen aft lapse of Tho , if wecouny & leer then 2 Sor tne Skructun Cholt mot be accopteble. > TP man deflection Comm) darigy ah Under Jord a wg (2 Le Elfecew spammy , 0 evnan dept Comm) )