Design of beam

Frame ID = 61 (According to SAP 2000)

Mu (+ve) =131.8553 KN-m (According to SAP 2000)
Mu (-ve) =-499.474 KN-m (According to SAP 2000)
Grade of concrete = 20 MPa
Strength of steel =415 MPa
R/t dia (∅) = 28mm
Stirrup dia (∅s) = 8mm
Total depth of beam =600 mm
Width of beam = 350mm
Provide clear cover = 20mm
Effective/ Nominal cover = 20+8+20/2= 42mm
Effective depth = 600-42 = 558mm

Case I:- NA lies in flange

We have,
0.36σckbfx = 0.87 σyAt
Lo
But, bf = +bw+6D1
6
7.75× 0.7
= +0.350+6×0.150
6
= 2.1542m

0.87 × 415 × At
Or, X=
0.36 ×20 ×2154.2
= 0.02328 At

Again,
Mu=0.87σyAt(d-o.42x)
Or, 499.474×106 = 0.87×415×At(d-0.42×0.02328 At)
Or, 499.474×106 = 201465.9At - 3.53 At2
∴ At = 2597.41mm2

So, X=0.02328×2597.41 = 60.48 mm < 150 mm

∴ NA lies in flange.

Now we have,
Mulim = 0.36×b×σck×Xulim (d−0.42Xulim)
=0.36×350×20×0.48×558(558-0.42×0.48×558)×10-6
=300.7 KN-m <499.474 KN-m
So the beam is to be designed as doubly reinforced beam.
Hence, Muadd =Mu-Mulim
=499.474-300.7
=198.774 KN-m
Design for tension steel for Mulim

MuLim
Ast1 =
0.87 ×σy ×(d−0.42 × XuLim)
300.7 × 10⁶
=
0.87 × 415×(558−0.42× 0.48 ×558)
=1869.44 mm2

Design for additional moment

d’
Esc =0.0035 1−( XuLim )
42
=0.0035( 1−
0.48 ×558 )
=0.00295

From SP-16, Table A

For Esc = 0.00295 & Fe 415
σsc = 353.988 N/mm2
σcc = 0.446 σck
= 0.446×20
= 8.92 N/mm2

For area of compression R/t

Mu add = Asc (σsc−σcc) × (d-d’)
Or, 198.774 ×106= Asc (353.988−8.92) × (558−42)
∴ Asc = 1116.36 mm2

Asc ×100
% of compression R/t =
bd
1116.36× 100
=
350 ×558
=0.6%

For Ast2
0.87σyAst2= σsc×Asc
Or, 0.87×415× Ast2 =353.988×1116.36
∴ Ast2 = 1094.52 mm2

Total area of the tension reinforcement required

Ast = Ast1+Ast2
= 1869.44+1094.52
= 2963.96 mm2
 Ast × 100
% of tension r/t =
bd
2963.96× 100
=
350× 558
= 1.52%
Provide 6-28∅ bars
28²
Provided area (Ast) = π× ×6
4
=3694.51mm2

∴ Total area of tension r/t required= 2963.96 < A st provided (3694.51mm2)

Then,
1116.36× 4
No of bars required in compression side = =1.8≈ 2no’s.
π ×20²
Provide 2-28∅ bars in single row
28²
A’sc provided = 2×π× =1231.5mm2 > 1116.36(ie. A’sc required)
4

Check for limiting % of steel

As per IS 13920:1993, CI 6.2.1
0.24 × √ fck 0.24 × √ 20
Minimum % of steel (Pmin) = ×100 = ×100 =0.259%
fy 415
Maximum % of steel per face (at tension side) (P max) = 2.5%= 0.025
3694.51×100
% tension steel provided (Pt) =
350 × 558
= 1.9% < 2.5% ……………………………..(OK)

Design for positive support moment

Mu=131.8553 KN-m
From Table C, SP-16
We have,
MuLim
= 0.138
fck × bd ²
Or, MuLim= 0.138×20×350×5582×10-6
= 300.778 KN-m > Mu(131.8553 KN-m)
Hence the beam is to be designed singly reinforced.
fy A st
Mu= 0.87 fyAstd(1- )
fck bd
415 × A st
131.8553= 0.87×415×Ast×558(1- )
20× 350 ×558
Ast= 707.69mm2
Let us provide 2-28mmФ bars
Then Ast provided= 1231.5mm2
1231.5
% of steel provided= ×100% =0.63%
350× 558
Maximum percentage of steel = 2.5%
0.24 √ fck
Minimum percentage of steel = = 0.25%
fy
I.e, 0.25% < 0.63% < 2.5%
Hence provide 2- 28mmФ bar

Design of Shear stirrup:

Maximum factored shear force
Vu= obtained from SAP
Vu= 216.32KN
Nominal shear force, Vu= 216.32KN
Vu
Shear stress τv=
bd
216.32×1000
=
350 × 558
= 1.108N/mm 2
Ast provided
% of steel = × 100%
b ×d

1231.5
= ×100% =0.63%
350× 558
From IS456:2000, table 19
For M20 grade of concrete & 0.63% of steel
τc = 0.5216N/mm2
From Table 20, (IS456: 2000)
For M20 concrete grade
τc max =2.8N/mm2
Here,
τc max > τv > τc
Design shear stress = τv – τc
=1.108 – 0.5216 =0.5864 N/mm2
Design shear force Vus = (τv – τc)× bd
= 0.5864×350×558
= 114.524KN
As per IS 13920, clause 6.3.2
Minimum diameter of stirrup is 6mm for clear span less than 5m and 8mm for clear span exceeding 5m.
Hence, Let us assume two legged stirrups of 8mm dia.
Area (Asv) =2×π×82/4= 100.53mm2
As per IS456: 2000, clause 40.4
For vertical stirrup
0.87 fy Asv d
Sv =
Vus
 0.87 × 415× 100.53× 558
=
114.524 ×1000
= 176.85mm
As per IS13920, clause 6.3.5
The spacing of hoop over a length of 2d at either end of beam shall not exceed
a) d/4= 558/4= 139.4mm
b) 8 times dia. Of smallest longitudinal bar= 8×28 = 224mm
c) Spacing calculated
Hence provide 2-legged 8mmФ stirrup at 100mm C/C up to a length of 2×558= 1116mm from inner face
of column.
In central portion,
Spacing Sv< d/2
=558/2
=279mm
Hence provide 2-legged 8mm stirrup at 150mm C/C at central portion elsewhere.
Check for development length:
As per IS456: 2000, clause 26.2.1,
Ф fs
Ld= (From code τbd= 1.2)
4 τbd ×1.6

28× 0.87 × 415

=
4 × 1.2× 1.6
=1316.33mm

Check
M1
Ld < 1.3 + Lo
V
Ast fy
[
M1= 0.87 fy Ast d 1−
b d fck ]
1231.5 × 415
= 0.87×415×1231.5×558 1− [ 350× 558× 20 ]
M1 =215.64 KNm
& V=216.32 KN
Lo =12Ф
=12×28=336 mm

Now,
215.64 ×10⁶
(
47Ф ≤ 1.3 ×
216.32× 10³ )
+336

≤ 1631.91
Ф ≤ 34.72mm.

Since, Ф ≤34.72mm which is greater than provided diameter of bars i.e. 28mm,Hence the design is safe.

Ld= 47×28
=1316mm
Anchorage of beam bars in external joints:
[As per IS 13920:1993,clause 6.2.5]
Anchorage length = Ld+10Ф – allowance for 90° bend
=1316+10×28 - 8×28
=1372mm
Lap Splice:
The longitudinal bar shall be splice.
a) Not more than 50% of the bars shall be splice on section.
b) If the hooks are provided over the entire splice length at a spacing not exceeding 150mm.

Lap splice shall not be spliced within:

 Joint
 Distance (2d) from face of joint
 Quarter length of member where flexural yielding may occur.
