KULIAH 4

TATA RANCANGAN
POSTER
(PRINSIP DASAR GRAFIK
DESIGN)
The Four Basic Principles

• Contrast (kontras)
• Repetition (pengulangan)
• Alignment (penjajaran)
• Proximity (kedekatan)
Proximity
• Items relating to each other should be
grouped close together.
• When several items are in close proximity
to each other, they become one visual unit
rather than several separate units.
• This helps organize information and reduces
clutter.
Proximity
• Items that are not related to each other
should not be in close proximity.

• The closeness or lack of closeness indicates

the relationship.

• Elements that are intellectually connected

should be visually connected.
Proximity Example
What’s wrong with these cards?
Center Aligned, Proximal Info
Alignment
• Nothing should be placed on the page
arbitrarily.
• Every element should have some visual
connection with another element on the
page.
• This creates a clean, sophisticated look.
Right Aligned
Repeated items should become
headings
Like so (and note alignment of numbers)
Alignment
 Contrast
• Avoid elements on the page that are merely
similar.
• If the elements (type, color, size, line
thickness, shape, space, etc.) are not the
same, then make them very different.

Contrast is often the most important visual

element on the page.
 AVOID ALL CAPS
• ALL CAPS ARE HARD FOR PEOPLE TO READ
B/C THERE’S NO SHAPE TO THEM

• Mixed-case sentences have redundant shape coding

that make them easier to read.
 AVOID ALL CAPS

• ALL CAPS HAVE NO SHAPE CODING

• Mixed-case sentences have redundant shape coding

Ascenders

Descenders
 AVOID ALL CAPS

• ALL CAPS TAKES UP MORE SPACE,

FORCING YOU TO USE A SMALLER FONT
TO PUT THE SAME AMOUNT OF
INFORMATION
• (If you don’t believe me, this sentence has just
the same number of letters as the previous one.)
Better Contrast, Larger Title
b/c mixed case, not all caps.
Repetition
• Repeat visual elements of the design
throughout the piece. You can repeat color,
shape, texture, spatial relationships, line
thicknesses, sizes, etc.
• This helps develop the organization and
strengthens the unity.
Repetition
Repetition
Typical
Resume
Improved
Resume
Chamber City Before
Chamber City After
Ancient City Before
Ancient City After
Construction Network Before
Construction Network After
Galeria Before
Galeria After
Typical Report
Proximity
Alignment
Repetition
Contrast