ceeseeseecereeeereresere sd />— __ Chapter 3 continued Sketch < eee Seem , Position-Time Graph Motion diagram 4 §3 pra § 8 ff 2 1 sees a Slower car ROARS 93:2, Motion with Constant Acceleration pages 65-71 page 65 18, A golf ball rolls up a hill toward a miniature-golf hole. Assume that the direction toward the hole is positive. ‘a If the golf ball stars with a speed of 2.0 m/s and slows at a constant rate of 0.50 m/s2, what is its velocity after 2.0 s? y= ytat = 2.0 m/s + (0.50 m/s)(2.0 s) t = 1.0 mis b. What is the golf ball’s velocity ifthe constant acceleration continues for 6.0 s? | ytat \ 2.0 mis + (—0.50 m/s?\(6.0 s) | =-1.0 mis t | ©. Describe the motion of the golf ball in words and with a motion diagram. i The ball’s velocity simply decreased in the first case. In the second E case, the ball slowed to a stop and then began rolling back down the 3 hill. 5 Time interval 1 as i Velocity ———-———-~ } Position # oe oe 2, Velocity — 5 Time interval 6s i po ee ‘A bus that is traveling at 30.0 km/h speeds up at a constant rate of 3.5 m/s”.)) i V1 DO What velocity does it reach 6.8 s later? y ? CD wawtat Id | a os = 30.0 kmih + (8.5 mn/s2\(6.8 9)(hat™. | 2600-8) a = 120 km/h 32. Solutions Manual a . Physics: Principles and Problems 623 2 Tne ben | (000 | ThPOS (Pipica car acelerates from rest at a constant 5.5 mjs2, how long will it ake for the car to » reach a velocity of 28 m/s? . yaytat a vez O VEE = 261m/s ~ 0.0 mis 8S mis : 51s ‘A car slows from 22 m/s to 3.0 mjs ata constant rate of 2.1 m/s*. How many seconds are required before the car is > traveling at 3.0 m/s? yay tat ( e 87 Use Figure 3-11 to determine the velocity / of an airplane that is speeding up at each of the following times. 2 80 7 16 ™ n Velocity (rms) 70. J 00 10 «220 ~«30 Time (3) = Figure 3-11 Graph B represents constant speed. So graph A should be used for the follow- ing calculations. a 108 At 10s, v= 74 mis Physics: Principles and Problems b. 205 At 2.0 s, v= 78 mis, 25s At2.5s, v= 80. mis - ® Use dimensional analysis to convert an airplane's speed of 75 m/s to km/h. 9600 s\/_1 km_) (75 wis) th (1000 m, 2.710? km/h JA position-time graph for a pony running in a field is shown in Figure 3-12. Draw the corresponding velocity-time graph using oD, the same time scale. 7 ty isplacement (m) Time (®) J + sm Figure 3-12 Position-time graph LR ‘Speeds Velocity (rns) Displacement (rm) a + Time (s) \ LX sedis and ‘turns around A cars driven at a constant velocity of 25 mjs for 10.0 min. The car runs out of gas and the driver walks in the same direction at 1.5 mys for 20.0 min to the nearest gas station. The driver takes 2.0 min to fill a gasoline can, then walks back to the car at 1.2 m/s and eventually drives home at 25 m/s in the direction opposite that of the original tip, a, Draw at graph using seconds as your time unit. Calculate the distance the dri- ver walked to the gas station to find the time it took him to walk back to the car. 2 Solutions Manual 33(an) A race car travels on a racetrack at 44 m/s (C7 and slows ata constant rate to a velocity of 22 m/s over 11 s. How far does it move during this time? ; > o a Time (3) ese Velocity (evs) 25 distance the driver walked to the gas station: _ (gamle Aamvshtt 9) wt [2 = (1.5 m/s)(20.0 min)(60 s/min) = -1.2x10% m = 1800 m (BR A car accelerates a a constant rate from 1.8 km 5 m/s to 25 m/s while it travels a distance time to walk back to the car: of 125 m. How long does it ake to achieve = _ 1800m _ - this speed? " ae t= f= 1200 = 1500 ¢ = 25 min Vee 25/5 . b. Draw a position-time graph for the v bs situation using the areas under the A 7 velocity-time graph. 20,000 sso i e 2125 m) i 5 10,000 25 mis — 15 ris i aa (PRA bite sider pedals with constant accelera- 4 CS tion to reach a velocity of 75 mjs over a time of 4.5 s. During the period of accelera- ig? 1000 2000) 3000 400 tion, the bike's displacement is 19 m. What Time (9) ‘was the initial velocity of the bike? page 69 4-0 a vi 96.) A skateboarder is moving at a constant a \ ops velocity of 1.75 m/s when she starts up an incline that causes her to slow down with @ constant acceleration of —0.20 mjs*. How aad uch time passes from when she begins to so y= 28d y, slow down until she begins to move back , =7.5mis down the incline? 19m) 7S 45 s WRewie = 0.94 mis a 34 Solutions Manual Physics: Principles and Problemsy _ Chapter 3 continued 7 Part 2: Constant velocity: d= vt= (18,0 m/s(60.0 s) = 1.08x10° m Thus d= d, + d, = 81.0 m + 1.08108 m = 1.16x108 m sure is training for an upcoming 5.0-km race. She starts out her training run by moving at a constant pace of 4.3 m/s for 19 mip, [Then she accelerates at a constant rate until she crosses the finish line, 19.4 s later. What is her acceleration during the last portion of the training run? Part 1: Constant velocity: aavt t : = (4.3 m/s)\(19 min)(60 s/min) yam Jt = 4902 m get Part 2: Constant acceleration: is erauge ae ’ lek ary a= + ut gat ais 44orm 2(4,— 4 — Vi) _ (2y(5.0x10% m — 4902 m ~ (4.3 m/s\(19.4 s)) ae (13948? . = 0.077 m/s? Section Review { 3.2. Motion with Constant Acceleration . pages 65-71 Fr tek Or n = : Gi | 34.) Acceleration A woman driving at a speed of 23 m/s sees a deer on the road a | , ahead and applies the brakes when she is 210 m from the deer. If the deer does i Vex 2p not move and the car stops right before it hits the deer, what isthe acceleration ; Vhs provided by the car's brakes? Ei ha’ WA SD) wee ve + 2ka~ 4) ee az A> 2 ~ 2 4A Qlo~m i a- wea i i 2(d,= 4) vVRee ® 0 mis — (23 m/s)? ne hae kin tem @ i a —eaiom—— ~ 3, i o : = 1.3 m/s? i } 35. Displacement if you were given initial and final velocities and the constant acceleration of an object, and you were asked to find the displacement, what equation would you use? v= v2 + 2ad, 36 Solutions Manual Physics: Principles and ProblemsChapter 3 continued 36. Distance An in-line skater first accelerates from 0.0 m/s to 5.0 m/s in 4.5 s, then continues at this constant speed for another 4.5 s. What is the total distance trav- ‘led by the in-line skater? 6 Accelerating a= y= Hy) = (ome 50m a5 5) =11.25m Constant speed y= Vit = (6.0 mis)(4.5 s) =225m total distance = 11.25 m + 22.5 m =34m 37. Final Velocity A plane travels a distance of 5.0X 10? m while being accelerated uniformly from rest at the rate of 5.0 m/s?, What final velocity does it attain? v? = v? + 2a(d, — d) and d, = 0, so v? = v2 + 2ad, y= V(0.0 mis)? + 2(5.0 m/s2)(6.0x107 m) -*~ oars 38. Final Velocity An airplane accelerated uniformly from rest at the rate of 5.0 m/s? for 14s. What final velocity did it attain? Yat ah = 0+ (6.0 m/s%\(14 s) = 7.0x10" mis Gat hn — ae 38) Distance An airplane starts from rest and accelerates at a constant 3.00 m/s? for, A=" 30.0 s before leaving the ground. vere re ‘20 os a. How far did it move? Qrg.oe oc 2d = vith + pat? ot = (0.0 m/s(30.0 s)? + = 1.35x10? m b._ How fast was the airplane going when it took off? ie iget = 0.0 mis + (3.00 m/s?)(30.0 s) = 90.0 m/s J oe Physics: Principles and Problems Solutions Manual 37