Title: Seismic Performance and Retrofit Evaluation of Reinforced Concrete Structures

The study of Joseph M. Bracci, Sashi K. Kunnath, and Andrie M. Reinhorn focused on evaluation of
seismic performance and retrofit of existing low to midrise reinforced concrete (RC) structures. The
older concrete structure in the region with high seismicity is the most concern for seismic rehabilitation,
which very questionable with it comes to seismic adequacy as it was designed prior to advent of modern
seismic design code. To address some of these problems, multimode method (pushover-analysis) was
used that incorporate adjustments for inelastic effects. By means of modal superposition, every story
performance was evaluated. The procedure was first used by the author itself Reinhorn together with
Vladescu and uses a stiffness-dependent lateral force distribution derived from incremental story shear
demands

The procedure was based on derived capacity spectrum method considering the response phases
ranging from elastic to full failure of dynamic characteristics of the structure, series of seismic story
demand curves is create from modal superposition analyses which compared to lateral story capacity.
The capacity spectrum method has three parts first “the treatment of the applied lateral load during the
pushover analysis”, “the use of story level demands and capacities as opposed to overall base shear
versus top story displacement” and “the consideration of different levels of inelasticity to generate a
range of seismic demands curves”.

The step-by-step approach to be used in the evaluation process is shown in Fig. 1

 After following the steps or procedure, they concluded that by using pushover analysis gives more
rational basis for applying lateral loads. The ranges of demand curve which can be use for more reliable
and practical design, as they successfully evaluated the seismic response of non-ductile low-rise
structure as well as structure that undergone retrofitting. Through comparing the improvements in
strength, deformation and capacity of the original and retrofitted structure can be identified.

The study is related to our research since we will comparing the analysis of Far Eastern University Main
Building after undergone partial retrofitting and proposed retrofitting method of the whole structure for
confirming the adequacy of other structural members designed using older NSCP Provision.