!

" #$
% &" '$ ( )" $
% *" +$
#
! , &"

- , . /( )= ( )=
+

0 ( )≤+ =0 =
+
≤ ≤
+
0 ≤ ≤
+
=
+
$
+ $
+
# # '
= = × =
− + − + % % (

+ 1 = −
−π $+ π $+
!" &" )" *"
! , !"

( )
−
- , 2 3 / = − =

π
θ π π
4 5 =6 θ+ θ +
=6 + =
+ +

∴ () = ( π$
+
) = −π $
+

+
# 2 (7) = − 1 ) 6 6 65 7 6
7+ 7+#

7+ = (7) 7
+π8 )

!" + &" )" *" +

! , )"

7
- , (7 ) 7= 7− 7
+π ) +π ) 7+ ) 7+#
1 1+

7=− 9 6 73 # 6

7
& 6 6 : 9 1+ = 7=;
) 7+#

∴1 = 7 = /1 − 1+ =
) 7+

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written permission.
% 1 66 6 9 6

Ω 8 Ω
∠ ;!
∠ ;@ ∠ ;@
? ?
+ +
∠ ;!

−8 Ω Ω

+ −
!" ! &" ! )" ! *" ; !
+8 +8 +8
! , )"
- ,

Ω 8 Ω

;!
;@ ;@
;@ 8 Ω Ω
− + + −

;!
−8 Ω Ω

1< = ;× = !
+8 +8

= 6 5 9 + 9 66

5Ω ''

' 5Ω
;;Ω
+

!" =; Ω &" ;; Ω )" =>Ω *" ; 5Ω

! , !"
- ,
( 1 + '' ) 1

5
+ + +
'' '5Ω @ @+ ;;Ω @
'5 − − '' −

;;Ω

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written permission.
 ! 6 6 9 9 6 @
@ = @+ ( )( )
;5 − = ;; ( 1 + '' + )/
;;;; = ;;1 + ;; × ;; = ;;1 + ;;;;
;; 1
−+;;;; = ;;1 =− 1= −
+;;;; +;;
−1
@ = ;; 1 + '' + = ;; 1 + ;; = =;1
+;;
@ =;1
A = = = =;Ω
1 1

( ! 6

2( )=
( +
+' )( + +)
( + )( + #) ( + %)

6 (ω ) 7

!" ω = $ &" ω = + $
)" ω = # $ *" ω = % $
! , )"
- , B

( ) = 2 ( 8ω) (ω + 2 ( 8ω ) )
() 7
2 ( 8ω ) 6 7

2 ( 8ω ) =
( −ω+
+' ) ω+ + %
ω+ + ω+ + ' ω+ + (
ω=# $ 6
2 ( 8ω ) = ; ( )=;

C 1 6 6 "3 (+ # % =) 6

!" &" D D

)" D D *" D D D D
! , !"
- ,
7
;; ; ;
; ; ;

; ;

1 6 7 7 7 7
6

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written permission.
E 1 3 #"F F
$ $
+" 9 6 9 6 AG)" D
D

!" < 7 <# &" < 7 <

# # +

)" < 7 <# *" < 7

+ #
! , )"

- , = ( #) −
+

( $#) AG)
#
< 7 <#

( $+ ) AG) 7 >
+
6 AG) < 7 <#
+

' 6 6 9
H ( θ) = 6 %
θ/; ≤ θ ≤ π $+

6
!" ; & &" + ( & )" = & *" E &
! , !"
H (θ)
- , * 6 =
H ( θ)

H (θ) =
+ π π $+
H θ = 6 θ θ θ φ
%π ; ;
;
= +π − %
=
%π ;

* 6 = = ;

;
= ; 9;= ; &

; ! 6 6 +%
6 6 ; E' 2
;−'
µ ; = % π × ; −C I $ ε; = H$ 6 6 6 6 6
#(π
!" ##; Ω &" ;; Ω )" %# #Ω *" %# % Ω
! ,

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written permission.
- , ) 6 6 6
µ µ +%
D; = =
+π ∈ +π ∈
B D; = = # Ω

! ! "
"# $%&
+π

! 6 6 J
9 ! 6 6 6
ε 6 6 ε !
6 9 6
!" 6 &"
)" 6 J3+ *" 6
! , *"
- , - K
1 9 9 6

+ 6 6 66 9 "
6 *
) () *+

+
6 (ω ) ? * )+
−

!" 6 (ω ) − &" (ω )
)" − 6 (ω ) *" − (ω )
! , )"
- ,
) @( ) *+

6 )+
*

) 0 5A 6

4 6 6 ω " 6 9 6 6 5 ;
9 5 L+ B 6 ω " L

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written permission.
 1 +

π
; π 6
#π +π
−
+
+

@( ) ; 6 ( )−
−

−+

# 1 66
=@

&

! &

!" = ! & + ) &" = ( ! + &) 6

)" (
= ! + & ) ) *" = !& + )

! , !"
- , = ! + &) = ! + & + ) = !& + )

% 4 6 " 3 ;= K
+ =

+
+
!" = − &" = − )" = *" =
+ + + +
! , *"

- , 2 *- + = + =

1H = = 9
= / (1H ) = ( 1H )
+
= ⋅ = +6
/2 ( )=;= ;== +6 6= ;
+ +
+
∴ K 3 =
+ +
© All rights reserved by Gateforum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the
written permission. '
 = < 6 " +
< 6
+ +
"
+ +
!" − &" −
( ) ( )
+ +
+ +
+ + + +

+ +
)" *"
( ) ( )
+ +
+ +
+ + + +

! , *"

- , 1 ( ) ↔ H( ) ( )↔− H( )

H( )= +
+ +
+ +
( )→− =
+
+ + +
+ +

( 9 6 ( % − 8#) Ω 6
=6 ( ;;π + ;; ) !
!" %% +4 &" =;4 )" (+ =4 *" +=4
! , &"
- , D = % − 8# = A < − M ) /A < = %/1 3 =6 ( ;;π N ;; ) = 1 6 (ω + α)

0= 1 +A < = × =+ × % = =;4
+ +

C 1 9 9 ) )+ 6 6 ) 6 9 +
@ 6 B 6 3; 6 "

B =;

) )+
()

!" 7 &" 6
)" 6 9 6 *" 6
! , *"
- , 4 6 6 3;
) 6 ) 6 9 )+ 9 6 9 6 ) )+
6 66 6 9 9 6 9 9 6
7
6 5 6

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written permission. (
 E 6 6 6 66 9
υ−; C
! υ ≥ ; C@
= =;;
; ! υ < ; C@

>Ω

+ +
;@ @
− −

6 66
!" ; ! &" ' # ! )" ( (C ! *" ( + !
! , *"
@−; C
=
=;;
=
@ =;;
= =;;Ω
B 6 9 6 ; C@

;−; C ; C@
=
;;; + =;; ;@ =;;Ω
'#
= =(+ !
=;;

' + 6 96 + !
9 + & 6 6
96

!" % &" ( )" E *" ;

! , &"
- , 1 ! 1 &

!+ ! &+ &
; ; ; ; ;
; ; ; ;
; ; ; ;
; ; ;
; ; ;

© All rights reserved by Gateforum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the
written permission. )
 ; ; ;
; ; ;
; ;
; ; ;
; ;
; ; ;
; ;
; ;
;
;
;
(6 96

+; ) 9 66

)5

O
&

1 66 6
!" 66
&" 66 )<> 3 ;
)" 66 )<> 3 !3&3
*" 66 )<> 3 !3&3;

! , !"
- , !

)5

O
&

O = ! )<>O
= ! )<>+ O
O = ! )<>+ O
1 )<> 3 ! &3
O =
J 6
O =
1 )<> 3 !3&3;

© All rights reserved by Gateforum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the
written permission. *
 O =O
J 6
O =O
6 66 66

+ 6 6 6 9 6 6 9
6 9 (
- = ; P + 8P7 ) − 8+=
K 6
7 6
!" + 2I7 66 &" % I7 66
)" + 2I7 9 66 *" % I7 9 66
! , !"
+π
- , = +=
λ
+π
λ=
+=
-7
# × ;E
= = + 2I7
+π
+=
-
< - =6 ω
π
-7 = 6 ω +
+
J 6 QR 66 7

++ ! 9 9 (
- = EP + (P − =P7 ) 8( ω + # − % )@ $

6 6 6 6 9 ≤; -
6

(
!" −EP − (P − =P7 ) 8( ω + # + % )@ $

(
&" −EP + (P − =P7 ) 8( ω + # + % )@ $

(
)" −EP − (P − =P7 ) 8( ω − # − % )@ $

(
*" −EP + (P − =P7 ) 8( ω − # − % )@ $

! , )"
- = E ( +( += 7 ) 8( ω + # − % )@ $

- ( 6 6 6 9 )
>; =; <;
© All rights reserved by Gateforum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the
written permission. +
 - 6 6 66 6 3;
∴- =;

+ H - - 6 6
0 3;
∴- +- = ;
8( ω − # − % )
- = - = − (E +( + = 7)

+# 1 6 6 5 K 6 #=;; I7
9 9 . 9 6 C=S 6
6 9 9
6
!" C=; &" +(+= )" %;;; *" =+=;
! , )"

- , & = A B (β + )
+
AB → B
+×β
AB =
β+
β = ; C=
+ × #=;;
AB = = %;;; $ 6
+ ; C=

+% 6 6 " K 6
- +
() - () 6

!" (;;; $π ;

&" (%;; $π ;

)" (%;; $π +; $ π + ( )

*" (;;; $π +; $ π + ( )
! , &"
- , 0B* "
(
%;; δ ω + ;% ) (
%;; δ ω − ;% )
(

− − ; −'
( )
' ;
;# $ 6

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written permission.
 - +
() =A (;)
∞
A ( ; ) = +π B ( ω) ω
−∞

A ( τ ) ↔ B ( ω)

= × + × ;# × ( + × + × ;# × ( + %;; + %;; = (%;; $π

+π + +
B 6 0B* " 6 *) 6 "
7

+= 6 9 6 +;
6 ( ;;;; π ) ! ! #;; > π 9

!" +=; Ω &" +C = Ω )" += Ω *" ++ = Ω

! , )"

@ += @
- , π = = = +=Ω
1& !

' ,

+( 2
−= −# ;
! = 1= !#
+ ; ;
!" = ! + +1 &" ' ! + #;1 )" C ! + =1 *" C! + + 1
! , &"
= #
- , 2 , !3 /
+ ;
−= − λ −#
) 6 6 K ! ! 1λ = ; =;
+ ;−λ
( −= − λ ) ( −λ ) + ( = ;
=λ + λ+ + ( = ;
λ = −=λ − (
+
λ = −=λ+ − (λ = −= ( −=λ − ( ) − (λ
#

λ = +=λ − (λ + #; = 'λ + #;
#

- 6 6 6 K
∴ !# = '! + #;1

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written permission.
 # +
+C "3 L' N +% N = (
!" + &" += )" % *" %(
! , &"
- 0, 2 ( )= #
−' +
+ +% + =

(
)=;
:
# + − E + +% = ;/ 3+ %/ T( ) = ( − E
( )
T+ = + − E < ;/ ( )
T% = +% − E>;
I 6 ( ) 3+
∴ + − ' × + + +% × + + = = +=
# +

+E 1 @! − @& = ( @ @) − @*

!" =@

&" +@

)" #@

*" (@
! , !"
@! − @& (
- , 1= = = #!/B 6 6 9 5
+ +
9 @) − @* 6 1 3 #!
A @! +Ω @& A

A
A
A − ;@
A Ω
+
A
−
Ω @) @*
=@
+!
Ω

@) @*
≡ @)
− + #!
@*

+! +@

@* = + + # + @) = = + @) /@) − @* = −=@

+' 9 9 !@ 66

!" ! @ ≈ +;;

&" ! @ ≈ ;;

)" ! @ ≈ +;

*" ! @ ≈ ;

© All rights reserved by Gateforum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the
written permission.
! , *" @

- ,
;;5 +5

;5
;;5
−!

>@< # C ( 1) + 1& ) +5 − ;;5 ( 1& ) − ; C = ;

1& = ' 'µ!/1) = β1& = ; '' !/1- = !
∴ =
+( !
= +(Ω/7 = β = + (5Ω/ ∴ ! =
( ;;5 FF +5 ) = % +
1- +(
;;5 7: ++
7 := 7 F F = ++ Ω/! = ! = ( % +)
+% + +
7 :A ++ + ;5
! ≈ ;

#; 9 966 6

! , *"
!=; =O
- , != 9
!= =O

!=;
!= ! =; !=
9 99
O=; O=

! =;
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written permission.
# < 6 9 3 $+"
9 6 K 6 1 ; 3 3 $
+ 9 K
!" ; &" $+ )" *" #$+
! , !"
- ,
∞ 5
= 9( − 5 )
5 =;
+
∞ 5
; = 9( −5 ) =
5 =;
+
G
9( ; ) =
+
B 6 9 " ) K 6
9( ; ) =
9− " 9−+" =;
∞ 5
= 9 −5
5 =;
+
;
9 + 9( ; ) =
+ + +
9 =;

#+ 66

!" = $
# &
(A + A+ ) )

&" 9 # & = $
A )

)" # & = $
A )

*" 9 = $
# &
(A + A+ ) )
! , &"

A+
- , @; B" = − υ ( )
A +
)B
A +)B
@G ( B ) = − @ (B)
(A )B + )
6 K 6 9
A )
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written permission.
## 9 6 9 9 6 6 9
9 6 6 9
I7 = # 6 (+ ;'% × ;+ ) 6 (+ ( E × ;+ ) 6 ( ( +E# × ; ;
− β7 )

6 @ 9

!" >6 &" =6 )" ; < <6 *" =;

! , *"
π π
- , I7 = IG 6 6 6 (ω − β7 )
β
2

I7 = # 6 (+ ;'% × ;+ ) 6 (+ ( E× ;
+

) 6 (( +E# × ; ;
− β7 )
) 9 K
9 3+ 3
= ; 2I7
+ + ; + +
) #× ; +
) = + = + = = 2I7
+ + # +
9 9 6 @0 3 ;

#% 9 " 5
6 " K 6 5 K 6 6 "
9 6 K 6

5 $
5 $
I7"
!" Eπ &" %π )" +π *" π
! , &"
- , 1
U 0 3> " => +

1 H K 6
+
U 0 3 +π 5 + = +π 5 × %

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written permission. '
 50
J >0 + = +π > × % = %π
5

#= ! 66 &B)" $
E 1
6 0 3 ;" 3 '$ ;
6
!" C$
E; &" (#$
E; )" '$ ; *" $ ;
- .
- , $E
= =
C $E

C $E
=; =;
$E

( ) = (;) ( ;) + ( ) (; )
' C (# C C;
= × + ×C = + = = C
; E ; E E; E; E; E

#( 1 )UGB 6 6 6 K U
U+ K 7 6 U 9

!" @ < EC=@ &" EC@ < @ < # += @

)" @ > # +=@ *" ; < @ < =@
! , !"
- , 9 6 6 6 )UGB ,
@
U −
@GI = @**
U+ − B

U+ −
U+ − B

@
@1< @1I @**

@1< = (#@** + +@ ) = + +=@ I 6 G Q

!R
E
6 6
© All rights reserved by Gateforum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the
written permission. (
#C ! 6
K
!" $
# &" $
+ )" +$
# *" V
! , )"
- , 0( ) = 0 ( I) + 0 ( I) + 0 ( I) +
# =

= + + +
+ + +
+ %

= + + +
+ + +
+
% +
= + + + = = × =
+ % % + + # #
−
%

#E 6 6 ! 9 ! =5
+ + + +
= + +7 5 6 6 ∇! = ;
!" + &" + )" *" ;
! , *"

( )
$+
- , 2 , +
= +
+ +
+ 7+ = +
+ +
+ 7+

( ! = ( + 8 + 5)5 ) ( )
$+ $+
! =5 =5 +
+
+ 7+ + +
+ +
+ 7+
∂ ∂ ∂
⋅ ( + 8 + 5)5 + + ( )
$+
∇⋅! = ; +8 +5 +
+ 7+ =;
∂ ∂ ∂7

( ) ( )
$+ −
5 +
+ +
+ 7+ =; +
+ +
+ 7+ +
+ + + + +7 = ;
+
=;

#' ) K
+
( ) ++ ( )+
+
( ) = δ( ) () = ;−
= −+ =;
= ;−

6
= ;+

!" + &" )" ; *"

! , *"
+
( )++ ( )+
- , + ( ) = δ( )
) 9 −
+
( )− ( ;) − :( ;) + + ( ) − (; ) + ( )=
+
++ + ( )++ +% =

© All rights reserved by Gateforum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the
written permission. )
 −# − +
( )=
( +
++ + )
H 6
( ) = −+ − − −
()
( ) =+ − + −
− −

() =+− =
= ;+

%; ! 9 9 6 A 6
66 ! 66 &

!" ; E Ω &" %Ω )" + Ω *" + E Ω

! , !"
C ( + ;A %+ + C;A
- , 0 66 ! 66 ! 3 @13 =
A ++ (A + + )
+
AN+

;−# C
1= =
++A ++A
CA ( + ;A
@3#N1A3#N =
+NA ++A
0 (A + + ) ( C; ) − ( %+ + C;A ) + (A + + )
+

= =;
(A + + )
%
A

+Ω A + A
1
+
+ + + +
;@ −8 Ω
−
#@ ≡ ;@ @
−
#@
− −
−

66 ! 66 &

C; (A + + ) = ( %+ + C;A ) + (A + + )
+

= (AN+ ) = + ( # + =A )
=A + ; = ( + ;A
%3=A
A3; EΩ

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written permission. *
 % 6 < 1 9

; ; ;
+ = ; ; + + + ;
# ; ; #
#

= ( ; ;) +

6
!" ≠ ; + =; # ≠; &" = ; + ≠; # ≠;
)" = ; + ≠; # =; *" ≠ ; + ≠; # =;
! , *"
- , 6
= & !& !+&

; ;
!= ; ; +

# ; ;

;
&= ;

; ; +
6 = ; + ;
; ;

6
≠;
+ ≠;
6
# 6 7

%+ 9 " I ( 8 ω ) 3 (+ 6 ω) ( +ω) $ω
(;)
!" $
% &" $
+ )" *" +
! , )"
- ,
+ω
+
= ()
:
ω

−+ +

© All rights reserved by Gateforum Educational Services Pvt. Ltd. No part of this booklet may be reproduced or utilized in any form without the
written permission. +
 +ω
+6 ω
ω ( )= ( −
: ) + :( + )
8ω − 8ω +ω
+
ω
+
−# #

%# 65 6 + $

!" > 3 + 3 ; C= &" > 3 # 3 ; C=

)" > 3 % 3;= *" > 3 + 3;=
! , !"
- , + 2 ( B ) I ( B ) = B# + +
+ (+ + 5 ) + +5
#
(+ + 5 )
+
(+ + 5 )
(+ + 5 ) − (+ + 5 ) ;
( + 5)
6
(+ + 5 ) − ( + 5) = ;
+5
=
++5
+5 +5
!- +
+ ( + 5) = ; = =+ = ++5 = % 5=+

= ; C=

%% " " " 3

−∞
( τ ) 6 (#τ ) τ

!"
&"
)"
*"
! , &"

- , "= τ" 6 #τ" τ

−∞

B 6 " " 6

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written permission.
 < " 5

"= >6 #τ" τ < ∞

−∞

" B

%= ! 6 6 6 6 ;; Ω 6
=; Ω 6 +;; Ω 6 1 6 9 %+' UI7
2I7 9 6
!" E+ = 6 &" ;= )" =E *" C=
! , &"
- , ) 6 6 6 3 ;;Ω
6 6 3 =;Ω +;;Ω/ K 6 3 %+'UI7 2I7
( U 6
λ
9 6
9 9
9 3 λ$
%
)

=;Ω ;;Ω +;;Ω

6 9
6

λ )
%+'UI7 = = = ; C= /
% %
λ )
2I7 + = + = = ; ;C=
% %+
< 9 9 +
∴ 3 <)U + = ; =+=
I 6 ;=

%( ! &0B> 6 9 !42J 6 6
+-
J; $+ K 9 ( )= ( ω6 )
+-
+ ( )=− ( ω6 ) (; ) 1 6 6

6 6 %=G 6 6 9
9
+- - - -
!" O &" O )" O *" O
J; J; +J; %J;
! , &"
J
- , 2 , &0B> 6 !42J 6 J 6
+
-K 9
+- +-
( )= ( ω6 ) / + ( )=− ( ω6 )
6 6 6 6 %=W 6
6 9
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written permission.
 2 6 6 6 6 9

+
φ ( )= ω6 ; ≤ ≤ 6 6 %=W

+
φ ( + %=W) = ( ω6 + %=W) ; ≤ ≤

A 6 6 ,

( ) +
( 9 6 )

φ ( + %=W)

+- +
= ( )φ ( + %=W) = ω6 ⋅ ( ω6 + %=W)
; ;

-
= /
+
-
+ =−
+
-
5 9
+
- - -
= + J/0 + 6
= 0 ( γ < ;) = 0 +J< ; =0 J< −
+ + +

1
6 9 6 9
+

1A
- -
−
+ +

-
5 9
+
-
= + J/
+

- -
0 + 6
= 0 ( γ < ;) = 0 +J< ; =0 J< −
+ +

11 2 A @
- J;
6
+ +

1A
- -
−
+ +

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written permission.
 +
-
+ -
+
+ +
− +
; J ; −
- + ;
0 J< = +
= J;
/
+ −∞ J −∞ πJ;
+π ;
+

-
+ ∞ +
+ J; - − -
< = / 3 0 J< = +
=O
J; + -
+π J;
J;
+
( 9 6 ! 2 0 )
B K 0( )= 0 6
+0 + 6

+ +

- - -
∴ 0( )= O + O =O
+ J; + J; J;

%C 6 6 ( = ; ;
6 #
) 6 UGB
' #
Kµ µ 1 ; $6
6 9
C
!" ; &" ;; )" ; *" ;
! , *"
+
−#
- , = '
= ;6 / 3 ; E #
= ;− + 6 #

;
∴ 3 ; ≈;

// 0 1 )2 *

1 6 6 UGB
δ = +;
µ
8 6 ;
B B G+ 6 C #'
ε; = E ' × ; − +
H$

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written permission.
%E 6 8 6 6 6 6
!" + H &" C H )" + H *" C H
! , !"
C × µ × ; +µ × E ' × ; +
- , B 6− 8 6 6 6 6 3 =+H
;

%' 9 6 6 6 6
!" ; C H &" ; C H )" ; #= H *" ; +% H
! , !"
ε! ε ( B G+ ) × ! # ' × E ' × ;− +
× µ × +;
- , )= /)9 = = =;C H

// 0 1 +2

4 ;@ 66 6 ! 6 6 5
9 ,
" Ω 6 6 & 6 #!
" + =Ω 6 6 & 6 +!

=; H 5 (@ 66 6 ! Ω 6 6 &
C$
# ! 1 E@ 6 6 6 ! 66 9 &
!" (@ &" C@ )" E@ *" '@
! , &"

= 4 ;@ 66 6 ! 6 CΩ 6 6 &
!" #$
C! &" =$
C! )" ! *" '$
C!
! , )"
- , 9 5 6 6 K @ A
9 A 6
J 6 K
@ 3 #A N#
@ 3 +A N=
B 9 K 9 A 3+ @ 3'
J 9 K 6 5
' 3 1 × +NC × 1 13 !

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written permission.
 3 ! 1 ,

4 / 3 ! 1 2

+
6 6 9 2) ( )=
+
=+ 2) B" 6
!" 3 3+ &" 3# 3+
)" 3 # 3 *" 3# 3
! , !"
− ω − ω
- , φ= −
β
φ +

− ω − ω
>
β
<
!" )"
)" 7
AIB
G !" 9

=# 6
!" + $ &" # $

)" ( $ *" $# $
! , !"
- , X3 9 6 6 K 6
= +× = + $ 6

4 / 3 ! 1 2

! 9 6 66
8

=% 9 6 6 6
!" < $+ > &" ; < $ >

)" < $ > *" ; < $+ >

! , )"
- , H 9 ; ≤ ≤
9! R6 6

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written permission. '
 I = 1 6 = M

16 6 = M π ( +
)
I ( +π ) = Mπ +

M
I=
+
9 6 6
9 >

Iφ (+π ) = Mπ ( ) +

Mπ + M+
Iφ = =
+π +

U 9 6

== ! Y " 9 9 6
6

9 6
!"
&"
)"
*"
! , &"

' '+

=( 4 6 9 6 9 9
Z
3 1!
!" - 9 &" H )" ) 6 *" U 6
! , &"
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=C G ! & ) *" 6 9 6 -AAGA
4 6 9 55 ,Z
61 ! 1"
! # .7 ! 7 . ! !
/
!" K &" 9
)" 9 *"
! , &"

=E 1 ( ;; ) +=' = # =+ ( ;; )+;(+ = C E= ( ;; )##+ =

!" + +# &" % +# )" #C *" +C (%

! , *"
- , ;; 3
+='
= # =+ +;(+
= C E=
##+
= +=' +;(+
= # =+ C E= = +C (%

=' ) 9
6 9 6,

! "
! ! " ! 8 999999999 / 1
#"
!" 5
&" 5
)" 5
*" 5
! , )"

(; ) 9 6
9 6,

:7 1 1 ! 8 99
/ 7
!" 99
&" 6
)" 8
*" 6 6
! , *"

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 ' ' ,

( 9 9 7 9
9

. / 1 $5 &
H %;;;
) 9 +;;
A +;;;
B 9 =;;
G E;;

6 9 9 , 9
!" ;S &" %S )" E S *" E(S
! , *"
- , 9 3 ; =;;
- 9 3 ';;;
9000
I 6 = 86%
10500

(+ ! & 6 0U + 0U 9
6
=
!" $
% &" $ ( )" C$ ( *" '$ (
! , )"

+ ) A
&

=B

!
0U
0 = +0U

G& ! &
6 3 (; (; 3 #(;;
H 6 3! G!&) L ! 0OAB

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written permission. *
 3 #(;; − + × × %= × %= 3 =C=
+
=C= C
∴ K 3 =
#(;; (

(# ". 5 / ". ! " ". 8

/" " 7 "! ! ! " #1 " 0 "
# " "! 1 #! 8 ! . .8 7 !!
! ! . /

4 6 9 9
9Z
!" 9 9 6 6 A
9 66 6
&" 9
)" * 6 R 6
*" 6 6 9 8 6
6 9 9
! , !"

(% A 8 % 6 6 65 6 9 A +; A
; A +#; A ;
A 8
!" = &" ( )" ' *" ;
! , !"
- , < A +; A ;
+; N ; 3 +#;
N 3 %
3' 3=
I 6 ; =

(= 9 9 6 5 9 5 6 K 9
9 9 9 6 6 6 . 9
6 9 9 K 9

!" + &" # )" % %" E

! , !"
< 6 9 7 9 9

! !+ ! # & &+ &# ) )+

9 9! &

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written permission. +
 - -
! ! + ! # 3 & &+ &# ! ! + ! # [ & &+ &#

) )+ - ! & B ! \&"

!
. .
) )+ ! !+
1 ) \ )+ ) 1 ! 3 !+ !#
1 ) Y )+ )+ 1 ! \ !+ !
1 ! Y !+ !+

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written permission.