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Art 9 PDF
Art 9 PDF
A03
Table
T-921 Requirements of a Visual Examination Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
Mandatory Appendix
Appendix I Glossary of Terms for Visual Examination . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
I-910 Scope. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
I-920 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
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ARTICLE 9
VISUAL EXAMINATION
T-921.1 Requirements. Visual examinations shall T-921.3 Demonstration. The procedure shall contain A03
be performed in accordance with a written procedure, or reference a report of what was used to deomonstrate
which shall, as a minimum, contain the requirements that the examination procedure was adequate. In general,
listed in Table T-921. The written procedure shall a fine line 1⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) or less in width, an artificial
establish a single value, or range of values, for each imperfection or a simulated condition, located on the
requirement. surface or a similar surface to that to be examined,
may be considered as a method for procedure demonstra-
T-921.2 Procedure Qualification. When procedure tion. The condition or artificial imperfection should be
qualification is specified, a change of a requirement in in the least discernable location on the area surface to
Table T-921 identified as an essential variable from be examined to validate the procedure.
the specified value, or range of values, shall require
requalification of the written procedure. Where a range
T-922 Personnel Requirements 01
is specified for an essential variable, the bounding
values of the range shall be qualified by demonstration. The user of this Article shall be responsible for
A change of a requirement identified as a nonessential assigning qualified personnel to perform visual examina-
variable from the specified value, or range of values, tions to the requirements of this Article. At the option
does not require requalification of the written procedure. of the manufacturer, he may maintain one certification
All changes of essential or nonessential variables from for each product, or several separate signed records
the value, or range of values, specified by the written based on the area or type of work, or both combined.
164
T-922 ARTICLE 9 — VISUAL EXAMINATION T-991.1
Where impractical to use specialized visual examination technique used, and light level verification is required
personnel, knowledgeable and trained personnel, having to be demonstrated one time, documented, and main-
limited qualifications, may be used to perform specific tained on file.
examinations, and to sign the report forms. Personnel
performing examinations shall be qualified in accord-
ance with requirements of the referencing Code Section. T-953 Remote Visual Examination
In some cases, remote visual examination may have
A03 T-923 Physical Requirements to be substituted for direct examination. Remote visual
examination may use visual aids such as mirrors, tele-
Personnel shall have an annual vision test to assure scopes, borescopes, fiber optics, cameras, or other suit-
natural or corrected near distance acuity such that they able instruments. Such systems shall have a resolution
are capable of reading standard J-1 letters on standard capability at least equivalent to that obtainable by direct
Jaeger test type charts for near vision. Equivalent near visual observation.
vision tests are acceptable.
165
T-991.1 2001 SECTION V T-993
166
ARTICLE 9
MANDATORY APPENDIX
APPENDIX I — GLOSSARY OF aids (excluding light source, mirrors, and /or corrective
TERMS FOR VISUAL EXAMINATION lenses)
enhanced visual examination — a visual examination
I-910 SCOPE technique using visual aids to improve the viewing
This Mandatory Appendix is used for the purpose capability, e.g., magnifying aids, borescopes, video
of establishing standard terms and definitions of terms probes, fiber optics, etc.
related to Visual Examination which appear in Article 9. lux (Lx) — a unit of illumination equal to the direct
illumination on a surface that is everywhere one meter
from a uniform point source of one candle intensity
or equal to one lumen per square meter
01 I-920 GENERAL remote visual examination — a visual examination
technique used with visual aids for conditions where
(a) Article 30, SE-1316, Section 9, provides the
the area to be examined is inaccessible for direct visual
definition of footcandle (fc).
examination
(b) Definitions of terms for visual examination and surface glare — reflections of artificial light that
other methods appear in Article 1, Mandatory Appendix interfere with visual examination
I, Glossary of Terms for Nondestructive Examination. translucent laminate — a series of glass reinforced
(c) The following Code terms are used in conjunction layers, bonded together, and having capabilities of
with Article 9: transmitting light
artificial flaw — an intentional imperfection placed translucent visual examination — a technique using
on the surface of a material to depict a representative artificial lighting intensity to permit viewing of translu-
flaw condition cent laminate thickness variations (also called candling)
auxiliary lighting — an artificial light source used visual examination — a nondestructive examination
as a visual aid to improve viewing conditions and method used to evaluate an item by observation, such
visual perception as: the correct assembly, surface conditions, or cleanli-
candling — see translucent visual examination ness of materials, parts, and components used in the
direct visual examination — a visual examination fabrication and construction of ASME Code vessels
technique performed by eye and without any visual and hardware
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