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National Certification Examination, 2004: Paper EM2 - Energy Manager - Set B Solutions
National Certification Examination, 2004: Paper EM2 - Energy Manager - Set B Solutions
Date: 22.05.2004 Timings: 1400 - 1700 HRS Duration: 3 HRS Max. Marks: 150
General instructions:
o Please check that this question paper contains 6 printed pages
o Please check that this question paper contains 65 questions
o The question paper is divided into three sections
o All questions in all three sections are compulsory
o All parts of a question should be answered at one place
a) O2 b) N2 c) CO d) CH4
2. Which of the following fuel requires the least amount of excess air for complete
combustion?
a) 20 b) 10 c) 21 d) 14
6. Element in fuel oil responsible for corrosion is
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper EM2 – Energy Manager – Set B Solutions
a) 12 b) 36 c) 24 d) 18
9. Boiler economizer is used to extract heat from flue gases for preheating
a) fuel oil b) air for combustion of fuel c) feed water d) blow down
10. The limiting temperature to which the flue gases can be cooled is influenced by
percentage of
a) maximum and minimum fuel input without affecting optimum excess air
levels
b) minimum and maximum fuel input
c) maximum and average fuel input
d) average and minimum fuel input
13. The heat necessary to change liquid water at boiling temperature to saturated steam
is called
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper EM2 – Energy Manager – Set B Solutions
19. Which of the following is the most important property of an insulating brick with
respect to energy savings?
a) slightly inclined towards the roof b) slightly inclined towards the stock
c) parallel to stock d) none of the above
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper EM2 – Energy Manager – Set B Solutions
31. Instrument used for measuring billet surface temperature in a reheating furnace is
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper EM2 – Energy Manager – Set B Solutions
a) 1.5% b) 1% c) 2% d) 3%
49. In a low to medium temperature waste heat recovery system which of the device is
finding increasing applications.
Question Manager B
1 a
2 a
3 a
4 b
5 d
6 c
7 d
8 a
9 c
10 c
11 c
12 a
13 c
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper EM2 – Energy Manager – Set B Solutions
14 b
15 c
16 b
17 a
18 c
19 a
20 b
21 c
22 b
23 b
24 a
25 b
26 c
27 b
28 c
29 b
30 c
31 a
32 b
33 b
34 c
35 c
36 d
37 d
38 b
39 c
40 c
41 b
42 b
43 c
44 d
45 b
46 c
47 d
48 b
49 a
50 c
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper EM2 – Energy Manager – Set B Solutions
Neglecting furnaces pressure could mean problems of cold metal and non-
uniform metal temperatures, which could affect subsequent operations like
forging and rolling and result in increased fuel consumption.
S-2. The evaporation ratio of a coal fired boiler is 4. Estimate boiler efficiency if
steam enthalpy is 640 kcal/kg; feed water temperature is 55 0C and Calorific
Value of coal is 4000 kcal/kg.
= 4x (640-55) x 100
----------------------- = 58.5 %.
1 x 4000
S-4. Explain the constructional and usage differences between fire tube and
water tube boiler.
Fire tube boilers contain steel tubes through which the hot gasses from a
furnace pass and around which the water to be converted to steam circulates.
Water tube boilers in which the conditions are reversed with the water passing
through the tubes and the hot gasses passing outside the tubes. Fire tube
boilers are used for low and medium pressure requirement and sluggish,
while water tube boilers are used for medium and high pressure steam
requirements.
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper EM2 – Energy Manager – Set B Solutions
S-7. Explain the difference and common properties between saturated steam and
saturated water at the same pressure.
The differences are
(i) Steam is a gas while water is a liquid
(ii) Steam has a higher enthalphy because heat of evaporation is added.
The common properties are
(i) The temperature is the same.
S-8. Given the choice would you paint the outer surface of a reheating furnace
black, or with a shiny glossy colour (such as silver colour). Explain!
The emissivity of the outer surface should be kept to a minimum since the
skin losses would increase with high emissivity. A black colour acts like a
black body with highest emissivity, while a glossy and shiny aluminium foil
has about the lowest emissivity. Therefore, radiation loss is minimized. Shiny
glossy colour, which has a lower emissivity should be used.
Excess air should be optimised because any additional air will increase the
amount of stack gas and with it increases the stack gas losses.
The purpose of the air distributor is to introduce the fluidizing air evenly
through the bed cross section thereby keeping the solid particles in constant
motion, and preventing the formation of de-fluidization zones within the bed.
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper EM2 – Energy Manager – Set B Solutions
235 100
% of flash steam generated = * 100 25%
540
0.25 * 640
% of heat carried by flash steam = * 100 68%
235
(2) Steam-turbine topping system: The second type of system burns fuel (any
type) to produce high-pressure steam that then passes through a steam
turbine to produce power with the exhaust provides low-pressure process
steam.
(3) Diesel Generator topping system: Hot water from an engine jacket cooling
system flowing to a heat recovery boiler, where it is converted to process
steam and hot water for space heating.
(4) Gas-turbine topping system: A natural gas turbine drives a generator. The
exhaust gas goes to a heat recovery boiler that makes process steam
and process heat.
L-3. What are waste heat recovery boilers? Explain the need and benefits?
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper EM2 – Energy Manager – Set B Solutions
Waste heat recovery boilers are ordininarily water tube boilers in which the
hot exhaust gases from a gas turbine, reciprocating engines, furnaces,
incinerator are used to generage steam.
The lower the steam pressure, the lower will be its temperature. Since
temperature is the driving force for the transfer of heat at lower steam
pressures, the rate of heat transfer will be slower and the processing time
greater. Therefore, there is a limit to the reduction of steam pressure.
Depending on the equipment design, the lowest possible steam pressure with
which the equipment can work should be selected without sacrificing either
on production time or on steam consumption.
L-5. Explain the difference between batch type and continuous furnace. Where
and how does additional heat loss take place in a batch type furnace
compared to continuous furnace?
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency
Paper EM2 – Energy Manager – Set B Solutions
Heat absorption by the material in the furnace is slow, steady and uniform
throughout the cross-section compared with batch type.
ii) The additional heat loss take place in a batch type furnace compared to
continuous furnace in the following areas:
The batch type furnaces cools down between batches and the refractories
need to be heated to the process temperature consuming additional heat.
More over the stack gases leaves the furnace at higher temperature in a batch
furnace as compared to continuous furnace wherein the stack gases pass
through the stock and preheats them to considerable temperature before they
leave the furnace.
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Bureau of Energy Efficiency