MODEL QUESTION PAPER - 2006 NATIONAL CERTIFICATION EXAMINATION

FOR

ENERGY MANAGERS & ENERGY AUDITORS

PAPER-I: GENERAL ASPECTS OF ENERGY MANAGEMENT & ENERGY AUDIT

Duration: 3 Hrs.

Max. Marks: 150

Section-I: OBJECTIVE TYPE

Marks: 150 = 50

i) Each question carries one mark Put a ( ) tick mark in the appropriate box in the answer book 1 2 3 4

Which fuel dominates the energy mix in Indian energy scenario? a) Oil b) Natural gas c) Coal d) Nuclear

Indian per capita energy consumption is ____ of the world average. a) 4% b) 20% c) 1% d) 10%

Indias energy intensity is ___ times of world average. a) 1.5 b) 2.5 c) 3.6 d) 10

Name the Act, which is proposed to bring the qualitative transformation of the electricity sector: a) Regulatory Commission Act 1998 c) Supply Act 1948 b) Indian Electricity Act 1910 d) Electricity Act 2003

5 6

Projected temperature increase by the year 2100 due to climate change is: a) 2 b) 4 c) 6 d) 8 Nameplate kW or HP rating of a motor indicates a) input kW to the motor b) output kW of the motor c) minimum input kW to the motor d) maximum input kW to the motor Nameplate kW or HP rating of a motor indicates a) input kW to the motor c) minimum input kW to the motor b) output kW of the motor d) maximum input kW to the motor

The property of viscosity of liquid fuels: a) decreases with decreasing temperature b) increases with increasing temperature c) decreases with increasing temperature d) increases with decreasing temperature

Unit of specific heat in SI system is_________.

a) joule /kg C

b) kg/cm2

c) kcal/m3

d) kcal/cm2

1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6

The method of producing power by utilizing steam generated for process in the boiler is termed as ----a) Extraction b) Cogeneration c) Both a & b d) Neither a nor b

In an utility steam boiler, heat loss due to radiation normally is in the range of a) 10% b) 14% c) 1% d) 8%

In a coal fired boiler, hourly consumption of coal is 1000 kg. The ash content in the coal is 3%. Calculate the quantity of ash formed per day. Boiler operates 24 hrs/day. a) 50 kg b) 300 kg c) 33 kg d) 720 kg

Which of the following is a speed measuring device a) Fyrite b) Stroboscope c) Periscope d) Power analyser

Energy supplied by electricity, Q in kCal is equal to _____ . a) kWh x 8.6 b) kWh x 86 c) kWh x 860 d) none

In material and energy balance, which of the following may not be considered a) raw materials b) rejects c) production d) cost

An energy policy is preferably signed by the a) top management c) energy auditor b) energy Manager d) Electrical manager

1 7

Providing information to BEE is the role of energy manager as per a) Energy Conservation Act 2003 c) Energy Conservation Act 2002 b) Energy Conservation Act 2004 d) Energy Conservation Act 2001

1 8 1 9

In energy action planning, Monitoring and targeting is only a part of the comprehensive information systems. State True or False? Under Energy Conservation of Act 2001, data on energy consumed & action on recommendations of accredited energy auditor should be reported to a) BEE and state level agency once a year b) BEE and state level agency twice year c) BEE only d) State level designated agency only

2 0

Which one of them is a positive force towards achieving goal of reduced energy consumption? a) tax on energy consumption b) competing corporate priorities c) Insufficient financial resources to fund

d) Absence of corporate energy policy

2 1

For all the expenditures in the plant, the value of cash flow at the end of the year will be a) c) Positive Nil b) Negative d) None of the above

2 2 2 3 2 4

The internal rate of return cannot distinguish between ____________ a) Lending b) Borrowing c) Both a & b d) None

The present value of a Rs. 1000 cost in year 0 projected to 10 years at an escalation rate of 5% and a 10% interest rate is: a) Rs. 4225 What is ESCO? a) Energy saving company c) Energy service company b) Energy sourcing company d) Energy section of company b) Rs. 628 c) Rs. 1 d) Rs. 2.33

2 5 2 6

The key to the successful involvement of an ESCO in performance contracting is: a) Monitoring b) Verification c) Both a & b d) None

Which of the following statements about critical path analysis (CPA) is true? a) The critical path is the longest path through the network b) The critical path is the shortest path through the network c) Tasks with float will never become critical d) The network should remain constant throughout the project

2 7 2 8 2 9 3 0

The network model that allows for randomness in activity completion times is called (a) CUSUM (b) CPM (c) PERT (d) Gantt chart

Performance is done after implementation. State True or false In project management system, Critical Path Method CPM) allows for randomness activity completion time deterministic method while Programme Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) uses fixed time estimate for each activity. State True or False Which of the following does not belongs to project planning technique? a) CPM c) Gantt chart b) PERT d) IRR (internal rate of return)

3 1

The best way of correlating production and energy data in any plant is.. a) Text format c) Oral communication b) Graphical representation d) None

3 2

What is CUSUM? a) Cumbersome b) Cumulative Sum c) Calculated Sum d) None

3 3

To draw a CUSUM chart following data is required a) Monthly energy consumption& monthly production b) Monthly specific energy consumption and turn over c) Monthly profits and production d) None

3 4

Energy and production data is useful to calculate a) Specific Energy Consumption c) Specific Cost b) Specific Fuel consumption d) None

3 5

What do you mean by toe a) Total oil equivalent c) Tons of oil equivalent b) Tons of effluent d) none of the above

3 6 3 7

The predicted raise in mean sea level due to global warming by the year 2100 ____ a) 1 m What is COP? a) Conference of Parties c) Coalition of Parties b) Coefficient of Pollution d) Convention of People b) 1 cm c) 2 m d) 9 -88 cm

3 8 3 9

Which country emits maximum CO2? a) Australia CDM stands for a) Carbon Depletion Mechanism b) Clean Development Mechanism c) Clear Development Mechanism d) Carbon Depletion Machinery b) Iceland c) Norway d) USA

4 0

The first project GOI approved under prototype carbon fund is_____ a) SWERF b) NICE c) Asia-Urbs d) ICT

4 1 4 2 4 3

The world average per person energy consumption is equivalent to _____tonnes of coal a) 3 b) 2.2 c) 4.5 d) 1.0

The time between its earliest and latest start time, or between its earliest and latest finish time of an activity is a) delay time b) slack time c) critical path d) start time

Non contact flow measurements can be carried out by a) Magnetic flow meter b) Orifice flow meter

c) Ultrasonic flow meter

d) Pitot tube

4 4 4 5

Nameplate kW or HP rating of a motor indicates a) input kW to the motor c) minimum input kW to the motor a) production volume c) resource input b) output kW of the motor d) maximum input kW to the motor b) type of process d) All the above

The energy used by any manufacturing process varies with

4 6 4 7 4 8

The specific heat of ____ is very high compared to other common substances listed below. a) Lead b) Mercury c) Water d) Alcohol

In a drying process moisture is reduced from 60% to 30%. Initial weight of the material is 200 kg. Calculate the weight of the product. a) 100 b) 120 c) 130 d) 114.3

In force field analysis of energy action-planning, one of the actions below do not fall under positive force? 1) high price of energy 3) top management commitment 2) energy efficient technology available 4) lack of awareness

4 9 5 0

The predicted raise in mean sea level due to global warming by the year 2100 ____ a) 1 m b) 1 cm c) 2 m d) 9 -88 cm

The agency to look after the climate changes and for action to cut GHG ____ a) UNFCCC b) WHO c) DOE d) GOI

Section-II: SHORT QUESTIONS ii) iii)

1

Marks: 510 = 50

Answer any TEN of the following Each question carries FIVE marks

What is greenhouse gas effect? The heating up of earths atmosphere due to trapping of long wavelength infrared rays by the carbon di- oxide layer in the atmosphere is called green house effect.

A three phase induction 75 kW motor operates at 55 kW. The measured voltage is 415 V, current is 80 amps. Calculate the power factor of the motor? Power consumption (55 x 1000) Power factor (Cos ) = = = =

3 x V x I x Cos 3 x 415 x 80 x Cos

(55 x 1000)/( 0.96

3 x 415 x 80)

What are the few important technical feasibility parameters that one should consider during analysis of energy conservation opportunities? The technical feasibility should address the following issues: Technology availability, space, skilled manpower, reliability, service etc The impact of energy efficiency measure on safety, quality, production or process. The maintenance requirements and spares availability

List any three energy loss components in chemical plant. Energy loss components in chemical plants are: 1. Flue / exhaust gas losses (from boilers, reactors etc.) 2. Evaporation loss (from cooling tower, condenser) 3. Surface heat losses (boilers, process equipment etc.)

Describe briefly in three or four lines the actions which you take to bring awareness on energy management program? One of the most successful means of motivating employees is through awareness. Inform them of (1) the amount of energy they are using (2) the costs involved (3) the critical part that energy plays in the continued viability of their job (4) the many ways they can save energy in their operation (5) the relationship between production rate and energy consumption.

List down at least three effects of acid rain? The effects of acid rains are as follows: Acidification of lakes, streams and soils. Direct and indirect affects (release of metals, for e.g. aluminium which washes away plant nutrients Killing of wild life. Decay of building materials, paints, statues and sculptures. Health problems (respiratory, burning skin and eyes)

Why short term payback is an inadequate yardstick for assessing longer term benefits? The benefits arising from some energy saving measures may continue long after their payback periods. Such measures do not need to be written off using fast discounting rates but can be regarded as adding to the long term value of the assets. For this reason, short term payback is an inadequate yardstick for assessing longer term benefits

What are the different types of contracts involved in project management system. Traditional contract Extended technical guarantee/service Extended financing terms Guaranteed savings performance contract Shared savings performance contract

What do you understand by CUSUM? CUSUM represents the difference between the base line (expected or standard consumption) and the actual consumption data points over the base line period of time. A CUSUM graph therefore follows a trend, which represents the random fluctuations of energy consumption and should oscillate about zero. This trend will continue until something happens to alter the pattern of consumption such as the effect of an energy saving measure or, conversely, a worsening in energy efficiency (poor control, housekeeping or maintenance).

10

Write about chemistry of ozone? Ozone formed by combination of three oxygen atoms, is a very unstable molecule. The combination is brought about by high intensity ultra violet rays of the sun in the upper atmosphere.

Section-III: LONG DESCRIPTIVE QUESTIONS i) ii) Answer any FIVE of the following Each question carries TEN marks

Marks: 105 = 50

How energy pricing is done in India? Coal: Grade wise basic price of coal at the pithead excluding statutory levies for run-of-mine (ROM) coal are fixed by Coal India Ltd from time to time. The pithead price of coal in India compares favourably with price of imported coal. In spite of this, industries still import coal due to its higher calorific value and low ash content. Oil: As part of the energy sector reforms, the government has attempted to bring prices for many of the petroleum products (naphtha, furnace oil, LSHS, LDO and bitumen) in line with international prices. The most important achievement has been the linking of diesel prices to international prices and a reduction in subsidy. However, LPG and kerosene, consumed mainly by domestic sectors, continue to be heavily subsidised. Subsidies and cross-subsidies have resulted in serious distortions in prices, as they do not reflect economic costs at all in many cases. Natural Gas: The government has been the sole authority for fixing the price of natural gas in the country. It has also been taking decisions on the allocation of gas to various competing consumers. Electricity: Electricity tariffs in India are structured in a relatively simple manner. While high tension consumers are charged based on both demand (kVA) and energy (kWh), the low-tension (LT) consumer pays only for the energy consumed (kWh) as per tariff system in most of the electricity boards. In addition to the base tariffs, some of the State Electricity Boards have additional recovery from customers in form of fuel surcharges, electricity duties and taxes.

Describe the merits of using steam in industries. Steam has been a popular mode of conveying energy, since the industrial revolution. The following characteristics of steam make it so popular and useful to the industry: Highest specific heat and latent heat Highest heat transfer coefficient Easy to control and distribute Cheap and inert

Steam is used for generating power and also used in process industries, such as, sugar, paper, fertilizer, refineries, petrochemicals, chemical, food, synthetic fiber and textiles. In the process industries, the high pressure steam produced in the boiler, is first expanded in a steam turbine for generating power. The extraction or bleed from the turbine, which are generally at low pressure, are used for the process. This method of producing power, by the steam generated for process in the boiler, is called "cogeneration." 3 Discuss the procedure followed during energy and mass balance calculation. The energy and mass balance is a calculation procedure that basically checks if directly or indirectly measured energy and mass flows are in agreement with the energy and mass conservation principles This balance is of the utmost importance and is an indispensable tool for a clear understanding of the energy and mass situation achieved practice. In order to use it correctly, the following procedure should be used: Clearly identify the problem to be studied. Define a boundary that encloses the entire system or sub-system to be analysed. Entering and leaving mass and energy flows must be measured at the boundary. The boundary must be chosen in such a way that: a) All relevant flows must cross it, all non-relevant flows being within the boundary. b) Measurements at the boundary must be possible in an easy and accurate manner. Select an appropriate test period depending on the type of process and product. Carry out the measurements. Calculate the energy and mass flow. Verify an energy and mass balance. If the balances are outside acceptable limits, then repeat the measurements. The energy release or use in endothermic and exothermic processes should

be taken into consideration in the energy balance.

An energy auditor recommended to replace an old air fan and incompetently designed air delivery duct system causing Rs 23 lakh a year in electricity cost by changing the system with a modern backward curved fan with adequately designed duct system for total investment costs of Rs 2.2 lakh. Expected electricity cost reduction is 5%. Considering over 15 years sustained savings, calculate IRR Life of the modified system Expected annual savings : 15 years : 5% : 0.05 x 2300000 Rs. 1,15,000 / year Investment : Rs 2,20,000/-

(1 + i ) n xi xI S= (1 + i ) n 1
S = annual energy savings I = Investment N = years I = Internal rate of return

115000 (1 + i ) 15 xi = 220000 (1 + i ) 15 1
By trial and error method, I = 52%

What are the several types of contracts used in project management and explain in brief?

Traditional Contract: All project specifications are provided to a contractor who procures and installs equipment at cost plus a markup or fixed price. Extended Technical Guarantee/Service: The contract offers extended guarantees on the performance of selected equipment, and/or offers service/maintenance agreements. Extended Financing Terms: The contractor provides the option of an extended lease or other financing vehicle in which the payment schedule can be based on the expected savings. Guaranteed Saving Performance Contract: All or part of savings is guaranteed by the contractor, and all or part of the costs of equipment and/or services is paid down out of savings as they are achieved. Shared Savings Performance Contract: The contractor provides the financing and is paid an agreed fraction of actual savings as they are achieved. This payment is used to pay down the debt costs of equipment and/or services.