PHYSICS

1. A man finds that he can walk 1 km in 20 minutes, 3 km in 1 hr, 6 km in 2 hr and 9 km in 3 hr. . .

The man's walking distance and time is given. List out the given, then convert them to the same time, 1 hour.
1 km in 20 minutes. -> 3km/hr
3 km in 1 hr. -> 3 km/hr
6 km in 2 hr. -> 3 km/hr
9 km in 3 hr. -> 3 km/hr
Since his rate is the same, this indicates his distance is directly proportional to the time. If he slowed as he
walked longer we would say it is inversely proportional. There is no indication of the square of time being used.

2. NEWTON’S LAW OF UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION

F = (Gm1m2) /r2 where

F = gravitational force of attraction (N)
G = gravitational constant which is equal to 6.673 X 10-11 N m2 / kg2
m1 and m2 = interacting masses (kg)
r = separation of masses (m)

Factors that determine speed of a satellite moving in stable orbit around a planet: orbital radius (r), mass of the
planet and gravitational constant (G).

3. DEVICES; do not forget to know what they look like.

 Galvanometer: instrument for detecting electric current

 Generator: device that converts mechanical energy to electrical energy
 Transformer: static electrical device that transfers energy by inductive coupling between winding circuits.
 Rectifier: electrical device that converts alternating current (reverses direction) to direct current which
flows in only one direction.

4. For two freely falling objects in a vacuum, accelerated only by gravitation, the accelerations are the same. So answer
C is correct as well as D. In fact, in order for D to be correct, it follows that C must also be correct, since velocity (D) is
the integral of acceleration (C) with respect to time, and the velocities are equal at each point along the path. NMAT
answer key says D tho.

5. A 10-pound object is suspended by a string from an overhead support. A horizontal force of 5.8 pounds is applied on
the object. The measure of the angle which the string makes with the horizontal is . . .

This problem can be easily solved using SOHCAHTOA principle but I believe during NMAT calculators are not
allowed so I spent quite a long time figuring this one out. Here’s what I got:

First, I calculated the Forces of the weight of the object and the horizontal force.
Force = N = kg x m/s2
Force = mass x acceleration due to gravity
If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all 1 I NMAT Reviewer for Physics
without reproach, and it will be given him. – James 1:5 Compiled and formatted by Angel Melody L. Legera – Year 2018
 Let F0 be the Force of the given weight of the object;
Let F1 be the applied horizontal force
Note that 1 pound = 2.2 kg and the acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2

F=mxa
F0 = 2.2 kg x 9.8 m/s2
F0 = 215.6 kg x m/s2 or 215.6 N

F1 = 12.7 kg x 9.8 m/s2

F1 = 125.048 N

To get the angle of the vertical, divide the horizontal force by the force of the object x 100°, hence,
= 125.048 N / 215.6 N (100°)
= 0.58 (100°)
= 58° ; now, to get the angle of the horizontal subtract this by 90°
= - 32° ; the answer in the practice set is 30° and I think, slight change in angle can be ignored this time. As for
the negative sign, I have concluded that it determines the position of the angle which the string makes with the
horizontal. Which can be proven once you try to analyze and illustrate the problem; and would make sense if
you try to imagine the Cartesian plane, the angle is located in either Quadrant III ( - , - ) or Quadrant IV ( + , - ).

6. A force of 60 Newtons is used to raise a 240-newton load using a system of pulleys. The load covered a distance of 1
m for every 5 m of rope pulled through the system. The system has an efficiency of . . .

For every 5 m of rope pulled through, the total work applied is 5 * 60 = 300 J
For every 1 m of load lifted, the load has been subjected to work of 1 * 240 = 240 J

So for every 300 J going in, you have 240 J used to lift the load, and 60 J wasted.
Efficiency is 240 / 300 = 8 / 10 = 80%

7. Blocks C and D weighs 4000 newtons and 2000 newtons the distance between these two blocks is 1 meter. These
blocks rest on a horizontal beam AB, the length of AB is 5meters. If the reaction produced at B is twice as great as
the reaction produced at A, how far from A will the weight of Block C act?

Let R be the reaction at A. Then the reaction at B is 2R. Let AC = x.

Resolving forces vertically: R + 2R = 4000 + 2000, giving R = 2000N.
Moments about A: 4000x + 2000(x + 1) = 2R x 5 = 20000.
6000x + 2000 = 20000
6000x = 18000
x = 3m

8. A body thrown vertically up into the air possesses kinetic energy at the beginning of its flight, but as it rises, it loses
kinetic energy and acquires potential energy with respect to the level from which it started. Which of the following is
NOT likely to happen?

If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all 2 I NMAT Reviewer for Physics
without reproach, and it will be given him. – James 1:5 Compiled and formatted by Angel Melody L. Legera – Year 2018
 a. When it reaches the highest point, the kinetic energy has been wholly changed to potential energy

TRUE: We started with some total energy TE = KE + PE + QE, but PE and QE = 0 when the body is first tossed.
There is no other (e.g., friction) and PE = mgh = mg0 = 0 because the height h = 0 when first tossed. Then at
max height h = H, KE = 0 because by definition (by definition) max height happens when Vy = 0, vertical
speed reaches zero. Learn the definition. Without speed there is no KE. But TE is still TE from the COE law.
So now we have TE = KE + PE + QE = PE because KE and QE are both zero. And, ta da, all that KE in the
beginning has been converted into PE. QED.

b. As it falls, its potential energy is again transformed to kinetic energy

TRUE: Same argument as in A, but in reverse. The TE = PE at max height h = H. But as the body starts to fall
back down it accelerates and picks up speed and, consequently, KE. But as TE = ke + pe + qe is the same TE
throughout, as ke --> KE the potential energy pe --> 0 to keep the total energy at a fixed value. We still
assume qe = 0, no other energy.

c. The potential energy is maximum at the highest point of its flight

TRUE: We proved this in A.

d. The kinetic energy is minimum at the lowest point of its flight

FALSE: We proved this in B, KE reaches its max as PE decreases to zero.

TO SUM UP:

KE of object at the highest point becomes PE

PE changes to KE when object is falling
PE is at its maximum at the objects highest point

9. BERNOULLI'S PRINCIPLE: A1V1 = A2V2

The flow is kept constant, therefore:

5 * 50 = 250 * V
V = 5.0 * 50 / 250 = 1.00 mm / sec

10. ACCELERATION is the rate of change of an object’s velocity, hence, a = v / t

In a graph that has a slope equal at each point there is no acceleration because the velocity is constant.

11. How much heat is required to warm 10 grams of ice from -10 celsius to 0 celsius? (Specific heat of ice= 0.5 cal/g.C?)

Use the Specific Heat formula which is Q = m c x ∆T where;

 m = mass
 c = specific heat (J / g°C)

If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all 3 I NMAT Reviewer for Physics
without reproach, and it will be given him. – James 1:5 Compiled and formatted by Angel Melody L. Legera – Year 2018
  T = change in temperature
.5 cal / g°C * 10g * 10°C = 50 cal

12. There are three basic ways in which heat is transferred;

 CONVECTION, in which the motion of the fluid itself carries heat from one place to another.
 CONDUCTION, which does not involve any motion of a substance, but rather is a transfer of energy within a
substance (or between substances in contact).
 RADIATION, which involves absorbing or giving off electromagnetic waves.

13. How many calories of heat is given off when 200 grams of water is cooled from 100°C to 20°C?

Specific Heat formula is Q = m c x ∆T and remember that the specific heat of water is 1 cal / g °C
Heat = 200 * 1 * 80 = 16,000 cal

14. A 1200-watt heater is used for raising the temperature of 1 liter of water to boiling point. How long will it take for
the water to boil if the initial tamp is 20 degrees celcius? (1 cal = 4.19 joules)

We shall first calculate the amount of heat energy needed to raise the temperature of the water to its boiling
point using the formula Q = m c x ∆T

The density of water is 1g/cm3 and 1L = 1000 cm3

Therefore, the mass of 1L of water = 1000g

Q = (1000) (4.19) (100 - 20)

= 3.344 x 105 J

Power = Work / Time

Time = Work / Power
= 3.344 x 105 / 1200
= 278.6 seconds
= 279 seconds

15. Remember GAS LAWS where PV = nRT (n is the number of gas which is proportional to the number of molecules)

V = nRT / P
Let T = 4T
Let P = P / 2
Then xV = 4nrt / (P/2) = 8nRT / P
x = 8 ; it increases eight times

16. When a glass flask is filled with water then heated, taken off the heat and tightly stoppered immediately, then cold
water has been poured over the flask; it will result in boiling again since the condensation of the steam reduces
the pressure inside.
If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all 4 I NMAT Reviewer for Physics
without reproach, and it will be given him. – James 1:5 Compiled and formatted by Angel Melody L. Legera – Year 2018
17. A Carnot refrigerator takes heat from water at 0 degrees Celsius and rejects heat to a room at 27 degrees Celsius. If
50 kg of water at 0 degrees Celsius is converted to ice at 0 degrees Celsius, how much energy must be supplied to
the refrigerator?

The Coefficient Of Performance of the Carnot refrigerator is TC / (TH - TC) in Kelvin

TC = temperature of the low-temperature reservoir
TH = temperature of the high-temperature reservoir
COP = 273 / (300 - 273) = 10.1

To get the final answer which is letter A, the given quantity of water needs to be 50 grams, converting it to
kilograms, we will get 0.050 Kg;

Multiply the heat of fusion of water which is 3.34e5 J / Kg with the mass of water. So 3.34E5 J / Kg X 0.050 Kg =
16700 J = 16.7 kJ. Divide this number by the COP, which gives the final answer as 1.6535 kJ.

Convert kJ to kWh. 1 kJ = 0.000278 kWh, so simply multiply 1.6535 by 0.000278 to get

4.60 x 10-4 kWh

18. The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 10 grams of water at 10°C to 50°C is . . .

Specific heat capacity of 1 gram of water = 1 calorie/gram °C

Mass of water = 10g
For 1 g, 1 calorie is needed for the water to be raised by 1 °C
For 10 g, 10 calorie is needed for the water to be raised by 1 °C
The water is at 10 °C
It has to be heated till it attains 50 °C
It has to be raised up by 40 °C to attain 50 °C (50 °C – 10 °C)
Therefore, the amount of heat needed in calories = (40 * 10) calories = 400 cal

19. Immediate source of water which forms dew on grass on a summer morning is the air.

20. Look at specific heat, the higher the number the greater amount of heat it needs to raise the temperature of its
unit mass by one degree.

21. We can use calorimetry rules (heat gained by one substance = heat lost by another) to find out specific heat capacity
of cube.

22. In hydroelectric plants, electric energy is generated by making use of the power of a waterfall.

23. A label of an electric stove read 1200 watts, 110 volts. How much current will the appliance draw when it is used?

Power in watts = current in amps x voltage in volts;

So currents in amperes = watts/ volts = 1200 watts / 110 volts = 10.9090 amperes

If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all 5 I NMAT Reviewer for Physics
without reproach, and it will be given him. – James 1:5 Compiled and formatted by Angel Melody L. Legera – Year 2018
 Remember, Power (watts) = IV = V2/R = I2/R
 V = volts
 I = current = amp
 R = resistance = ohm

24. Remember the following:

 Ohm’s Law is V = IR
 Ammeters measure the current through a resistor.
 Ammeters have low resistances and are placed in the circuit in series.
 Voltmeters measure the voltage drop across a resistor.
 Voltmeters have high resistances and are placed in the circuit in parallel.

25. A capacitor acquires 0.002 coulomb when 50 volts is applied. Its capacitance is . . .

Q = C V where;
Q = Charge in coulombs
C = Capacitance in farads
V = Voltage in volts

Q = 0.002 coulombs
V = 50 volts

C=Q/V
0.002 / 50=0.00004 farads

1 farad = 1 000 000 microfarads

0.00004 × 1 000 000 = 40 microfarads

26. The power rating of an electric motor which draws a current of 5 amperes from a 240-volt line is . . .

Power (watts) = IV = V2/R = I2/R

Power = voltage x current = 240 X 5 = 1200 watts
1200 watts = 1.2 Kw

27. Electroplating results in a better quality product by applying a relatively moderate current for a longer time.

28. Which of the following is true when the magnetic flux through a coil at 50 turns is reduced from 0.5 weber to 0
weber in 0.2 second?

FARADAY’S LAW summarizes the ways voltage can be generated

Emf = N (magnetic flux / time)
= Rate of change of magnetic flux
= (Change in flux through 50 turns) / Time

If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all 6 I NMAT Reviewer for Physics
without reproach, and it will be given him. – James 1:5 Compiled and formatted by Angel Melody L. Legera – Year 2018
 = (50 * 0.5) / (0.20)
= 125 V

29. SERIES VS PARALLEL EQUATIONS

1. Series
 R=R+R
 V=V+V
 I=I=I
 1/C = 1/C + 1/C

2. Parallel
 1/R = 1/R + 1/R
 V=V=V
 I=I+I
 C=C+C

30. A DIELECTRIC MATERIAL is an electrical insulator that can be polarized when placed in an electric field. Electric
charges do not flow through the material as they do in a conductor, but only slightly shift from their average
equilibrium positions causing dielectric polarization.

31. No image will be projected on the screen if an object is placed between the focal point and lens.

32. A lemon is coloured yellow because it reflects only yellow light.

33. Appearance of a rainbow in the sky after a rainstorm is due to raindrops acting as prisms that separate sunlight into
its components.

34. A WAVE is a movement of energy from a vibrating source / caused by a disturbance in a solid, liquid, or gas as
energy is transmitted through a medium.

 Amplitude – it is the measure of how big the wave is. The amount of energy carried by a wave is related
to the amplitude of the wave. A high energy wave is characterized by a high amplitude; a low energy
wave is characterized by a low amplitude.
 Wavelength – is the distance from a particular height on the wave to the next spot on the wave
where it is at the same height and going in the same direction.
 Frequency – is a measurement of how many cycles can happen in a certain amount of time … cycles per
second.
 The greater the energy, the larger the frequency and the shorter (smaller) the wavelength. Given the
relationship between wavelength and frequency — the higher the frequency, the shorter the
wavelength — it follows that short wavelengths are more energetic than long wavelengths.
 Velocity = Frequency x Wavelength = (1/sec) * (m) = (m/s)
 Frequency = Velocity / wavelength = (m/s) * (1/m) = (1/s)
 Wavelength = Velocity / frequency = (m/s) * (s/1) = (m)
If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all 7 I NMAT Reviewer for Physics
without reproach, and it will be given him. – James 1:5 Compiled and formatted by Angel Melody L. Legera – Year 2018
35. How many images will be formed if a boy stands in front of two mirrors standing at a 45° angle to each other?

The formula to find no of images is (n) = (360 / X) where X is angle between mirror.
If n is odd then no. of image will be n-1 while if n is an even no of image will be equal to n.

In our problem, X = 45°

So, 360 / 45° = 8 which is even, hence, we will subtract 1 and get 7 images.

36. If the number of lines in a diffraction grating of a given width is increased, the spectrum produced will be broader,
considering that the interference of the waves do not meet until they are further apart.

37. A 10-meter object is placed at a distance of 175 meters in front of a lens whose focal length is 50 meters. Which of
the following describes the image formed?

THIN LENS EQUATION

1 / f = 1 / o + 1 / i where o is the object distance, i is the image distance, and f is the focal length
MAGNIFICATION EQUATION
m = hi / ho = – di / do

1st Equation
Finding the unknown: ( i, h' )
1/i=1/f–1/o
= 1 / 50m – 1 / 175m
= 7 – 2 / 350
= 5 / 350 ; find the value of the reciprocal
= 70 m is the Image Distance

2nd Equation
hi / ho = - di / do
hi = ho (- di / do)
= 10 m (-70 m / 175m)
h' = - 4 m is the Image Height. Negative sign means the image is INVERTED.

38. The VISIBLE SPECTRUM is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye.
Electromagnetic radiation in this range of wavelengths is called visible light or simply light (ROYGBIV). The violet
color has the shortest wavelength while the red color has the longest wavelength.

Wavelengths from longer to shorter:

Radiowaves, Microwaves, Infrared waves, ROYGBIV (visible light), Ultraviolet, X-rays, Gamma rays

39. BEHAVIOUR OF WAVES:

REFRACTION of waves involves a change in the direction of waves as they pass from one medium to another.
Refraction, or the bending of the path of the waves, is accompanied by a change in speed and wavelength of the
If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all 8 I NMAT Reviewer for Physics
without reproach, and it will be given him. – James 1:5 Compiled and formatted by Angel Melody L. Legera – Year 2018
 waves. The speed of a wave is dependent upon the properties of the medium through which the waves travel. So if
the medium (and its properties) is changed, the speed of the waves is changed.

REFLECTION of waves off straight barriers follows the law of reflection. Reflection of waves off parabolic barriers
results in the convergence of the waves at a focal point.

DIFRACTION is the bending of waves around obstacles and openings. The amount of diffraction increases with
increasing wavelength.

40. To get the greatest amount of reflected sunlight from a concave mirror, food should be placed at the focus of the
mirror.

Another name for a concave mirror is a converging mirror. Its purpose is to point all the light that hits the medium
on a single point (the point where all the rays actually cross each other is called the focal point). At this point, all the
infrared radiation that has hit them (and been reflected by the mirror's surface) is focussed, and it is this infrared
radiation that actually does the heating up.

41. ALPHA PARTICLE, a positively charged particle, identical to the nucleus of the helium-4 atom. It is spontaneously
emitted by some radioactive substances, consisting of two protons and two neutrons bound together, thus having a
mass of four units and a positive charge of two. Simply, it is a Helium atom without its 2 electrons. Alpha particles
are unable to penetrate the outer layer of dead skin cells, but are capable, if an alpha emitting substance is ingested
in food or air, causing serious cell damage.

42. When a large atom such as U235 splits into two smaller atoms, then the combined mass of the products resulting
from the splitting will be the same as the original mass.

Nuclear fission occurs when a neutron collides with a nucleus of a large atom such as Uranium and is absorbed into
it causing the nucleus to become unstable and thus split into two smaller more stable atoms with the release of
more neutrons and a considerable amount of energy.

43. BETA PARTICLES are simply 1 electron (1- charge). They can pass through things more than Alpha particles, but are
stopped by a few centimetres of Aluminium. Beta particles originate from the nucleus of a radioisotope from a
neutron breaking up into a proton and an electron. (So the mass no. of the nucleus stays constant, and the overall
charge of the nucleus got a +1.) There are two forms of beta decay, β− decay and β+ decay, which produce electrons
and positrons ((a particle with the size and mass of an electron, but with a positive charge)) respectively.

GAMMA RADIATION, unlike alpha or beta, does not consist of any particles, instead consisting of a photon of energy
being emitted from an unstable nucleus. Having no mass or charge, gamma radiation can travel much farther
through air than alpha or beta. Gamma waves can be stopped by a thick or dense enough layer material, with high
atomic number materials such as Lead or depleted Uranium being the most effective form of shielding.

44. An electron is travelling at 1% the speed of light. What is its kinetic energy in joules? (Speed of light = 3 x 108 m/s)

If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all 9 I NMAT Reviewer for Physics
without reproach, and it will be given him. – James 1:5 Compiled and formatted by Angel Melody L. Legera – Year 2018
 Kinetic Energy, KE = 1/2 m v2
Where m, is the mass of electron and v, is the velocity of the electron.
Speed of light, c = 3 x 108 m/s
Therefore, 1% of c = 3 x 108 / 100 = 3 x 106 m/s
Mass of electron = 9.1 x 10-31 kg

KE = 1/2 x 9.1 x 10-31 kg x (3 x 106 m/s)2

KE = 1/2 x 9.1 x 10-31 kg (9 x 1012 m2 s2)
KE = 1/2 x 81.9 x 10-19 J
KE = 40.95 x 10-19 J
KE = 4.095 x 10-18 J ; answer is B, the relativistic change in mass can be ignored at this low speed

45. E = m c2 implies that relatively large amounts of energy can be obtained from relative small amounts of matter.

46. Electrons go towards the positive because it is negatively charged; opposite charges attract, remember.

47. ISOTOPES are various forms of an element that have the same number of protons but a different number of
neutrons.
 Radioactive isotopes can be produced in the laboratory
 Radioactive isotopes decay by the emission of particles from nucleus
 There is a wide variety of decay rates for radioactive isotopes
 NOT TRUE: all isotopes are radioactive. Remember, stable isotopes either never decay or else decay very
slowly. Radioactive isotopes undergo decay.

48. PROTONS VS ELECTRONS

 All protons have the same charge
 Protons and electrons have charges equal in magnitude although opposite in sign
 The positive charge in an atomic nucleus is due to the protons it contains
 NOT TRUE: protons and electrons have equal masses. Remember, electron has a mass of 9.1 x 10-31 kg and
proton has 1.6 x 10-27 kg

49. If the radiation of a sample of Krypton-85 decreases to 1/3 of the original intensity in a period of 18 years. What
would the intensity after 18 more years be?

 1st 18 years = 1/3 intensity

 36 years = 1/9 intensity

50. In a U235 fission, represented by the equation, Xe140 and Sr94 nuclei are produced and energy is released. How many n
is(are) given off in the process?

235
92U+ 10n --> 14054Xe + 9438Sr + [(?)10n] + energy
2 n are given off ; add the atomic masses of Xe and Sr, you will get a total of 234, subtract it from the original
Mass of U and get 1. Add 1 to 10n to get 2 n.

If any of you lacks wisdom, let him ask God, who gives generously to all 10 I NMAT Reviewer for Physics
without reproach, and it will be given him. – James 1:5 Compiled and formatted by Angel Melody L. Legera – Year 2018