Common

Common Germicides
Germicides

used
used in
in

Dentistry
Dentistry

:
submitted by , .
MARTIN CHRISTINE JOYE O

3
DENT C
 OVERVIEW MODE OF ACTION MICROBIAL ACTIVITY USES

Rapidly bactericidal Antimicrobial action of alcohol Ethyl alcohol in different Alcohols are used to disinfect :
ALCOHOL against vegetative is denaturation of proteins concentrations and exposure Oral and rectal thermometers

forms of bacteria . periods ranging from 10 seconds to Hospital pagers

ethyl alcohol and Tuberculocidal , 1 hour can kill the following : Scissors

isopropyl alcohol ,
fungicidal and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Stethoscopes

. Serratia marcescens Fiberoptic endoscopes

virucidal
E coli Rubber stoppers of multiple -
Do not destroy
Salmonella typhosa dose medication vials or

bacterial spores . Staphylococcus aureus Streptococcus

vaccine bottles .
pyogenes
Their cidal activity External surfaces of

( . ., ,
Lipophilic viruses and many hydrophilic
drops sharply when equipment e g stethoscopes
viruses

diluted below 50% .

M tuberculosis
,
ventilators manual

concentration and , HIV ventilation bags )

the optimum
Tissue phase of Cryptococcus neoformans , CPR manikins

Blastomyces dermatitidis , Ultrasound instruments

bactericidal
,
Coccidioides immitis and Histoplasma
Medication preparation areas .
concentration is capsulatum

60%–90% solutions in

.
water
Isoprophyl Alcohol can inactivate :
.
E coli
Flammable
.
S aureus

Evaporate rapidly (
Lipid viruses Hepatitis B virus HBV )
Herpes virus

Cysts of Acanthamoeba culbertsoni

 OVERVIEW MODE OF ACTION MICROBIAL ACTIVITY USES

Also known as household Microbicidal mechanism of Chlorine and chlorine compounds Chlorine and chlorine

CHLORINE bleach
chlorine are combinations of : are bactericidal fungicidal , , compounds are used for

Broad spectrum of
Oxidation of sulfhydryl sporicidal , tuberculocidal , and disinfecting :
& antimicrobial activity
enzymes and amino acids virucidal . It can act upon the Tonometer heads

Do not leave toxic

Ring chlorination of amino following in 2 minutes to less than Countertops and floor

CHLORINE ,
residues are unaffected
acids an hour : Decontaminating blood

by water hardness
Loss of intracellular contents Mycoplasma spills and other body fluids

COMPOUNDS Inexpensive and fast

Decreased uptake of Vegetative bacteria -
Self disinfection of needles

acting
nutrients .
M tuberculosis and syringes .
sodium hypochlorite Remove dried or fixed
Inhibition of protein synthesis
.
B atrophaeus spores Irrigating agent foe

and organisms and biofilms

Decreased oxygen uptake ; Mycotic agents
endodontic treatment

calcium hypochlorite from surfaces Clostridium difficile spores

oxidation of respiratory Manikins

It can produce ocular HIV

components Laundry
Candida albicans
irritation or Dental appliances

oropharyngeal ,
Decreased adenosine
.
S aureus
Hydrotherapy tanks or
triphosphate production
,
esophageal and gastric
Salmonella choleraesuis
equipment

burns
Breaks in DNA
.
E coli

.
Regulated medical waste
Depressed DNA synthesis
P aeruginosa
Corrosive to metals in before disposal
HBV

. ,
high concentrations Water distribution system
M chelonae
Releases toxic chlorine in hemodialysis centers and
Poliovirus
gas when mixed with hospitals
Enterococcus faecalis

ammonia or acid . .
P aeruginosa
Hemodialysis machines
 OVERVIEW MODE OF ACTION MICROBIAL ACTIVITY USES

Hydrogen peroxide is active Hydrogen peroxide are used

Has a good germicidal Hydrogen peroxide can against bacteria , yeasts , ,

fungi to disinfect :
activity produce destructive hydroxyl ,
viruses and spores like : Soft contact lenses

HYDROGEN Has bactericidal, free radicals that attack .

S aureus Tonometer biprisms

, ,
virucidal sporicidal and
membrane ,
lipids DNA, and
.
S marcescens Ventilators

PEROXIDE fungicidal properties

Proteus mirabilis Fabrics
other essential cell
.
E coli
Endoscopes
components Streptococcus species

Pseudomonas species
It can also be instilled into
.
B atrophaeus spores
urinary drainage bags to
Acanthamoeba cysts
eliminate the risk of bladder
Rhinovirus
bacteriuria and environmental
.
.
M tuberculosis
contamination
HAV

Poliovirus

The exposure time needed depends

on the concentration of the

hydrogen peroxide solution . It may

take 1 minute to 1 hour depending

on the contaminants that needs

inactivation .
 OVERVIEW MODE OF ACTION MICROBIAL ACTIVITY USES

Has rapid action ’

Paracetic acid s mechanisms Peracetic acid will inactivate the Paracetic acid is used to

against all of action involves : following in 15 seconds to 30 chemically sterilize :

microorganisms Denaturation of proteins minutes : Medical instruments like
PARACETIC
Lacks harmful
Disruption the cell wall
-
Gram positive and gram - endoscopes and

decomposition
permeability
negative bacteria fungi and , , arthroscopes
ACID
products
Oxidation of sulfhydryl
yeasts (5 minutes or more at
Surgical instruments like

It enhances removal of <100 ppm ) scalpel and forceps

,
Peracetic or
and sulfur bonds in

, ,
organic material and Viruses
Dental instruments like
,
peroxyacetic acid
leaves no residue .
proteins enzymes and
Spores (15 seconds to 30 handpieces and probes

It remains effective in
other metabolites
minutes )
the presence of .
M tuberculosis

organic matter . -
M avium intracellulare

Sporicidal even at low .

M chelonae

emperature .
M fortuitum

,
Corrode copper brass ,
,
bronze plain steel and ,
galvanized iron

It is considered

,
unstable particularly

when diluted .
 OVERVIEW MODE OF ACTION MICROBIAL ACTIVITY USES

These are widely used The bactericidal action of the Quarternary compounds are Quaternary compounds are

as disinfectants . quaternaries includes : fungicidal , bactericidal , and commonly are used in

QUARTERNARY High water hardness Inactivation of energy- virucidal and it can act against sanitation and disinfeting of :
and materials such as producing enzymes
lipophilic viruses but it is not Noncritical surfaces, such

COMPOUND cotton and gauze pads Denaturation of essential

sporicidal , tuberculocidal , or as ,
floors furniture, and
alkyl dimethyl benzyl

ammonium chloride ,
can make quaternary
cell proteins , virucidal to hydrophilic viruses walls.
alkyl empera dimethyl compounds less Medical equipment that
Disruption of the cell
ammonium chloride ,
microbicidal except for contacts intact skin
and membrane
dialkyl dimethyl ammonium the newer dialkyl
chloride
quaternaries