Deformed and Plain Billet-Steel Bars for Concrete Reinforcement Standard Specification for AASHTO DESIGNATION: M 31M/M 31-95! (ASTM DESIGNATION: A 615/A 615 M-96a) 1, SCOPE 11. This specication covers de- @ sora snd pan bette! concrete re inforeemont brs n cut lengths er cols “The standard snes and dimension of deformed bars and their number desina- tons shal be those listed in Table ta trae NOTE 1—For coils of deformed bars, the capacity of industrial equipment limits the maximum bar size that can be straightened. 1.2. Bars are of three minimum yield levels: namely, 300 MPa [40000 psi), 420 MPa [60000 psi], and 520 MPa [75000 psi}. designated as Grade 40 [300], Grade 60 [420], and Grade 75 {520}, respectively. 1.3 Hot-olled plain rounds, in sizes up to and including 50.8 mm (2 in. in diameter in coils or cut lengths, when © ee sets pie sad sre tural ties or supports shall be furnished ‘under this specification in Grade 40 (300}, Grade 60 [420], and Grade 75 [520] (Note 2) For bending properties, test provis- ions of the nearest nominal diameter de- formed bar size shall apply. Those re- quirements providing for deformations and marking shall not be applicable. NOTE 2—The weight for plain rounds smaller than 9.5 mm (yn) in diameter shall ‘be computed onthe basis of the size in ASTM. A510, 1.4 Welding of the material in this specification should be approached with caution since no specific provisions have ‘been included to enhance its weldability. Thee win AST A 618A 815588 except far heh ening pode wich elerened To When the steel is tobe welded, a welding procedure suitable for the chemical com- position and intended use or service should be used. (Note 3). NOTE 3—The use of the latest edition of ANSUAWS DIA is recommended for the ‘welding of reinforcing bars. This document eseribes the proper selection of the filer metals, preheaVinterpass temperature well as, performance and procedure qualifies tion requirements. 15 This specification is applicable for orders in either SI units (as M 31M) or in inch-pound units (as M31). 1.6 This specification is applicable for orders in either SI units (as Specifica- tion M 31M) or in inch-pound units (as Specification M 31). ST units and inch- ‘pound units are not necessarily equiva Tent. Tnch-pound units are shown in brackets in the text for clarity, but they are the applicable values when the mate- rial is ordered to M 31. 2, REFERENCED DOCUMENTS, 2A AASHTO Standards: RI Recommended Prac- tice for Indicating Which Places of Fig- ures Are to Be Con- sidered Significant in Specified Limiting Values Methods and Defini- tions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products Bend Test for Bars for Concrete Reinforcement 22. ASTM Standards. ‘A 510. Specification for Gen- T 285 ral Requirements for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel ‘A S1OM_ Specification for General Require- ments for Wire Rods and Coarse Round Wire, Carbon Steel ‘A700. Recommended Prac: tices for Packaging, Marking, and Loading. Methods for Steel Products for Domes- tic Shipment 23° Military Standards: MIL-STD-129 Marking for ‘Shipment and ‘Storage MIL-STD-163 Steel Mill Products Prepara- tion for Shipment and Storage 24 Federal Standard Fed, Std. No. 123 Marking for Shipment (Civil Agencies) 2 AWS Standard: ANSUAWS D14 Structural Welding Code— Reinforcing Steel 3. TERMINOLOGY 341 Description of Terms Specific 10 This Standard: 3d. deformed bar—steel bar with protrusions; a bar that is intended for use as reinforcement in reinforced con- crete construction, BALA discussion—The surface of the bar is provided with lugs or protra- sions that inhibit longitudinal movement of the bar relative to the concrete sur-2 ‘SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS M31M TABLE 18 Deformed Bar Designation Numbers, Nominal Masts, Nominal Dimensons and Deformation Requirement St Unite Nominal Dimensiong™ Deformation Requirements, mmm —Determation Reauirements, mm Matimum Gap Bae Nominal Cross: Maximum Minimum (Chord of 125% Designation Mase, Diameter, Sectional Perimeter, Average Average of Nominal Noo kg/m xm Area, mim? mm Spacing Height Perimeter) 19 0.60 95 7 299 67 038 36 13 0394 7 129 399 89 031 a 6 iss 159 199 ‘99 Ma o7 61 9 22s 11 24 338 BS ost 3 2 3.082 n2 387 os 33 uz 83 25 3973 24 510 BB m3 127 97 2» 3.060 287 64s 800 204 a2 109 2 404 33 a9 1013 26 163 ine 36 7907 358 106 nas 2s. 180 BT 3 hae 30 asa 135.1 301 216 165 3 2024 373 2581 1801 4 259 219 ae cenit of dlemed tr we eguvaen wo oe of «pin round br having fe Sane ar per Wee We tod * Bar designaion numbers aprximae the number a liner ofthe moroal doer of oe Tlunding the bar in such construction. 4.1.4 Cut length or coils, to AASHTOM 31-_. Certified mill test ‘The lugs or protrusions conform to the provisions of this specification, 31.2 deformations—protrusions on 2 deformed bar. 343 plain bar—seel bar without protrusions. 4. ORDERING INFORMATION 4.1 Orders for material under this specification should include the follow. ing information: 41.1 Quantity (weight) (Mass), 41.2 Name of material (deformed and plain bille-steel bars for concrete reinforcement), 413 Size, TABLE tb Deformed Bar Designation Numbers, Nomi 4.15 Deformed or plain, 416 Grade, 4.1.7 Packaging (see Section 21), 4.1.8 AASHTO designation and year of issue, and 44.9 Certified mill test reports (if desired), NOTE 4—(10 Mg, deformed and plain billetsteel bars for conerete reinforcement, ‘No, 25, 18m long, deformed, Grade 420, in secured lifts, to AASHTO M 31M- Certified mill test reports are required] ‘A typical ordering description i a follows 10 tons, deformed and plain billt-stel bars for concrete reinforcement, No. 8, 60 fi. 0 in Jong, deformed, Grade 60, in secured lifts, reports are required. 5. MATERIAL AND MANUFACTURE S_ The bars shall be rolled from properly identified heats of mold cast or strand cast steel using the open-hearth, Dasic-oxygen, or electric-furnace process. 6. CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS 6.1 An analysis of each heat of stee! shall be made by the manufacturer from at Weighs, Nominal Dimensions, and Deformation Requirements ‘Nominal Dimensions™ Deformation Requirements, in Maximum Gap Bar Nomina Cross Maximum Minimum (Chord of 121558 Designation Weigh, Diameter, Seztonal Perimeter, Average ‘Average ‘of Nominat Not yt in ‘Area, in? in Spacing Height Perimeter) 3 0376 0375 on 178 (0262 os 0.183 4 0.568 0500 0.20 ism 0380 0.020 0191 3 1083 0625 031 1963 0437 0.028 0239 6 soz 0.350 ose 2356 0525 038 0.286 7 20s oss 060 269 osi2 noe 0334 5 2670 1.000 079 3a 0.700 2.050 0383 9 3400 ine 1.00 344 0.790 0.056 oa3i 10 4303 v0 127 3.990 0.89 0.064 0487 u 3313 1410 136 4330 0987 oon 0540 4 78s 653 235, 532 18s es 0.8 8 360 2257 400 709 se 0.102 086s 1 Bt mam merino» dtc rw sun vo tow of «Fn ond bu laving Oe Fane Wig pr ede Wee Ow Ber munbers ar based onthe amr of eights ofan inch included in te normal ance of qM3IM test samples taken preferably during the pouring of the heats. The percentages of carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur shall be determined. The phospho- rus content thus determined shall not ‘exceed 0.06 percent. 62. An analysis may be made by the purchaser from finished bars. The phosphors content thus determined shall not exceed that specified in Section 6.1 by more than 25 percent. 7. REQUIREMENTS FOR DEFORMATIONS A. Deformations shall be spaced along the bar at substantially uniform distances. The deformations on opposite sides of the bar shall be similar in size, shape, and patter. 7.2. The deformations shall be placed with respect to the axis of the bar so that the included angle is not less than 45°, Where the line of deformations forms an included angle with the axis of the bar of from 45° to 70° inclusive, the deformations shall alternately reverse in direction on each side, or those on fone side shall be reversed in direction from those on the opposite side. Where the line of deformation is over 70°, a reversal in direction is not required. 73. The average spacing or distance between deformations on each side of the bar shall not exceed seven-tenths of the nominal diameter of the bar. 7.4 The overall length of deforma sions shall be such that the gap between the ends of the deformations on opposite sides of the bar shall not exceed 12'/s percent of the nominal perimeter of the bar. Where the ends terminate in a longi- tudinal rib, the width of the longitudinal rib shall be considered the gap. Where more than two longitudinal ribs are in- volved, the total width of all longitudinal ribs shall not exceed 25 percent of the rominal perimeter of the bar; further- ‘more, the summation of gaps’ shall not exceed 25 percent of the nominal perime- ter of the bar. The nominal perimeter of the bar shall be 3.14 times the nomi- ral diameter, 7S The spacing, height, and gap of deformations shall conform to the re- quirements prescribed in Table 1a [Ta- ble 1b). ‘SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS 8, MEASUREMENTS OF DEFORMATIONS 8.1 The average spacing of deforma tions shall be determined by dividing a ‘measured length of the bar specimen by the number of individual deformations and fractional parts of deformations on any one side of the bar specimen. A ‘measured length of the bar specimen shall be considered the distance from a point on a deformation to a correspond- ing point on any other deformation on the same side of the bar. Spacing mea- surements shall not be made over a bar area containing bar marking symbols in- volving letters or numbers. 8.2 The average height of deforma- tions shall be determined from measure- ‘ments made on not less than two typical deformations. Determinations shall be ‘based on three measurements, per defor- mation, one at the center of the overall length and the other two at the quarter points of the overall length. 8.3 Insufficient height, insufficient circumferential coverage, or excessive spacing of deformations shall not consti- tute cause for rejection unless it has been clearly established by determinations on cach lot (Note 5) tested that typical defor- ‘mation height, gap, or spacing do not conform to the minimum requirements prescribed in Section 7. No rejection may ‘be made on the basis of measurements if fewer than 10 adjacent deformations oon each side of the bar are measured. NOTE S—A lot is defined af all the bars ‘of one bar number and pattem of deformation contained in an individual shipping release Or shipping order. 9. TENSILE REQUIREMENTS 9.1 The material, as represented by the test specimens, shall conform to the requirements for tensile properties pre- seribed in Table 2a (Table 2b. 9.2 The yield point or yield strength shall be determined by one ofthe follow- ing methods 9.2.1. The yield point shall be deter- mined by drop of the beam or halt of the point method as described in Section 13.11 of T 248, 922. Where the tel tested does not exhibit a well-defined yield point, the yield point shall be determined at exten- Sion under load using an autographic diagram method or an extensometer as deseribed in Sections 13.1.2 and 13.13 of T 244. ‘The extension under load shall be 0.005 mam/mm (0.005 inJin of gage length (0.5 percent) for Grade 300 (40) and Grade 420 (60) and shall be 0.0035 mmn/mm [0.0035 insin of gage length (035 percent) for Grade $20 [75]. When material is furnished in coils, the test sample must be straightened prior to placing it in the jaws of the tensile ma- chine (see Note 6). 93 The percentage of elongation shall be as prescribed in Table 2a [Table 2b) when tested in accordance with Sec- tion 13.4 of T 248. NOTE 6—Surigheing should be done carefully to avoid the formation of local sharp bends and to minimize cold work, Insufficient straightening prior to attaching the extensom- eter can result in lowersthan-actual yield strength readings, TABLE 2a Tensile Requirements, SI Units ‘Grade 300" Grade 420 Gade 520 Tensile strength, min MPa ‘Yield strength, min MPa 500 620 60 Elongation in 203.2 mm, min, % 300 20 520 Bay Designation No. 10 u 9 = 16 2 9 = 3 2 9 7 22,25 = 5 7 28, 22,38 = 1 6 a7 1 6 Grade 300 bas we Fished only ser TO troogh 19 Grade £20 bus ae Frise on in sizes 19 Ovouph 574 SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS TABLE 2b Tensile Requirements Grade aor Grade 60 Grade 7 Tensile strength, ein. ps 70000 | 90000 100000 Yield suength, min pst 40000 60000 "75000 Elongation in 8 in, min, % Bar Nos 3 " 9 - 456 2 9 - na = 8 = 9.10 = 7 - 11418 = 7 6 Grae 40 tars ae fomshed only mss} roegh * Oras 75 ae fished ony Inte Il 4, and 18 TABLE 3a_Bend Test Requirements, St Units in Diameter for Bend Tex" Bar Designation No. Grade 300 Grade «20 Grade 520 10.13.16 sae aha = 9 Sa se sa 225 = sa Sa 32. 36 = 74 74 8,57 60 = 94 94 Tes bende 190 wl: nod obec “4'> nominal diame of esinen, 10, BENDING REQUIREMENTS 10.1. The bend-test specimen shall withstand being bent around a pin with- ut cracking on the outside of the bent Portion when tested in accordance with AASHTO T 285. The requirements for angle of bending and sizes of pins are prescribed in Table 3a [Table 3b]. When ‘material is furnished in coils, the test sample must be straightened prior to placing it in the bend tester, 10.2 ‘The bend test shall be made on specimens of sufficient length to ensure free bending and with apparatus which provides: 10.2.1 Continvous and uniform ap- plication of force throughout the duration Of the bending operation. 10.2.2 Unrestricted movement of the specimen at points of contact with the apparatus and bending around a pin free to rotate, 10.2.3 Close wrapping of the speci- ‘men around the pin during the bend- ing operation, 10.3 Other acceptable more severe ‘methods of bend testing, such as placing specimen across two pins fiee to rotate and applying the bending force with a fixed pin, may be used, When failures ‘ceur under more severe methods, retests shall be permitted under the bend test ‘method prescribed in Section 10.2 1. PERMISSIBLE VARIATION IN WEIGHT [MASS] ALL The permissible variation shall TABLE 3b Bend Test Requirements TALE Bend Test Requirements Pin Diameter for Bend Tests 4 = nominal diameter of specimen SE roma diameter of specimen ar Designation No, Gade 40 Grade 60 Grade 75 34S sae she = 6 sé 34 = 18 = 34 = 9.10 = 74 = " = 16 14 14,18 (90%) = 5 Sa * 4° sominl dame o specimen M31M not exceed 6 percent under nominal mass {weight except fr bars smaller than 9.5 mm f% in] plain round, the permissible variation in mass [Weight] shall be com= puted upon the basis of the permissible variation in diameter in ASTM A 510M TASTM A 510]. Reinforcing bars are evaluated on the basis of nominal mass (weights. Inno case shall the overweight [overmass] of any bar be the cause for rejection 11.2 The specified limit of variation shall be evaluated in accordance with Recommended Practice R11) (ound. ing method). 12, FINISH 12.1 The bar shall be free of detri- mental surface imperfections 12.2 Rust, seams, surface imegular ties, or mill scale shall not be cause for rejection, provided the weight, dimen- sions, cross-sectional area, and tensile Properties of a hand wire brushed test specimen are not less than the require- ments of this specification 123° Surface imperfections other than those specified in Section 12.2 shall be considered detimental when speci- mens containing such imperfections fail to conform to either tensile or bending requirements. 13, TEST SPECIMENS 13.1 Tension test specimens shall be the full section of the bar as rolled. The unit stress determinations on full-size specimens shall be based on the nominal bar area, 13.2 ‘The bendctest specimens shall be the full section of the bar as rolled. 14. NUMBER OF TESTS 14.1. For bar sizes No. 10 to 36 (3 'o 11}, inclusive, one tension test and ‘one bend test shall be made of the largest size rolled from each heat, If. however, material from one heat differs by three for more designation aumbers, one ten- sion and one bend test shall be made from both the highest and lowest desig- nation number of the deformed bars rolled. 14.2 For bar sizes Nos, 43 and 57 [14 and 18} bars, one tension test andM31M one bend test shall be made of each size from each heat. 15, RETESTS 15.1 If any tensile property of any tension test specimen is less than that specified, and any part of the fracture is outside the middle third of the gage length, as indicated by scribe scratches marked on the specimen before testing, a retest shall be allowed. 15.2 Ifthe results of an original ten- sion specimen fail to meet the specified ‘minimum requirements and are within 14 MPa [2000 psi] ofthe required tensile strength, within 7 MPa [1000 psi} of the required yield point, or within two percentage units of the required elonga- tion, a retest shall be permitted on two random specimens for each original ten- sion specimen failure from the lot. If all results of these retest specimens meet the specified requirements, the lot shall be accepted. 15.3. If a bend test fails for reasons other than mechanical reasons or flaws in the specimen as described in Sections 15.4 and 15.5, a retest shall be permitted con two random specimens from the same lot, Ifthe results of both test specimens eet the specified requirements, the lot shall be accepted. The retest shall be performed on test specimens that are at air temperature but not less than 16°C (60°F). 15.4 If any test specimen fails be- cause of mechanical reasons such as fail- ure of testing equipment or improper specimen preparation, it may be dis- carded and another specimen taken. 155 If any test specimen develops flaws, it may be discarded and another specimen of the same size bar from the same heat substituted. 16. INSPECTION 16.1 The inspector representing the purchaser shall have free entry, at all times while work on the contract of the purchaser is being performed, to all parts of the manufacturer's works that concem the manufacture of the material ordered. ‘The manufacturer shall afford the inspec- SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS tor all reasonable facilities to satisfy him that the material is being furnished in accordance with this specification. All tests (except product analysis) and in- spection shall be made at the place of ‘manufacture prior to shipment, unless otherwise specified, and shall be so con- ducted as not to interfere unnecessarily with the operation of the works. 16.2 For Government Procurement Only—Except as otherwise specified in the contrac, the contractor is responsible for the performance of all inspection and test requirements specified herein and may use his own or any other suitable facilities for the performance of the in- spection and test requirements specified herein, unless disapproved by the pur- chaser at the time of purchase. The pur- chaser shall have the right to perform any of the inspections and tests at the ‘same frequency as set forth in this speci- fication, where such inspections are deemed necessary to assure that material conforms to prescribed requirements. 17, REJECTION 17.1 Unless otherwise specified, any rejection based on tests made in accor~ dance with Section 6.2 shall be reported to the manufacturer within 5 working days from the receipt of samples by the purchaser. 17.2 Material that shows injurious defects subsequent to its acceptance at the manufacturer's works will be re- jected, and the manufacturer shall be notified. 18, REHEARING 18.1 Samples tested in accordance ‘with Section 6.2 that represent rejected material shall be preserved for 2 weeks from the date rejection is reported to the manufacturer. In case of dissatisfaction ‘with the results ofthe tests, the manufac- turer may make claim for a rehearing within that time. 19. TEST REPORTS 19.1 When specified in the purchase order, report the following information, 15 fon a per heat basis. Additional items may be reported as requested or desired. 19.1.1 Chemical analysis including carbon, manganese, phosphorus, and sulfur. 19.1.2 Tensile properties. 19.1.3 Bend test. 20. MARKING 20.1 When loaded for rill shipment, bars shall be properly separated and tagged with the manufacturer's heat or test identification number. 20.2 Each producer shall identify the symbols of his marking system. 20.3 All bars produced to this speci- fication, except plain round bars which shall be tagged for grade, shall be identi- fied by a distinguishing set of marks legibly rolled into the surface of one side of the bar to denote in the following order: 203.1 Point of Origin—Letter or symbol established as the producer's mill designation 203.2 Size _Designation—Arabie number corresponding to bar designation number of Table 1a [Table 1b] 203.3 Tipe of Stee?—Letter S indi ‘cating that the bar was produced to this specification or for Grade 420 [60] bars only, letters $ and W indicating that the bar was produced to meet both Specifica- tions M3IM/M 31 and ASTM A 706/ ‘A 706M. 203.4 Minimum Yeld Designa- tion—For Grade 420 [60] bars, either the number 4 [60] or a single continuous longitudinal line through at least five spaces offset from the center of the bar side. For Grade 520 (75] bars, either the number 5 (75] or two continuous Tongitudinal lines through at least five spaces offset each direction from the center of the bar. (No marking designa- tion for Grade 300 [40] bars.) 203.5 It shall be permissible to sub- stitute: a metric size bar of Grade 300 for the corresponding inch-pound size bar of Grade 40, a metric size bar of Grade 420 for the corresponding inch- pound size bar of Grade 60, and a metric size bar of Grade 520 for the correspond ing inch-pound size bar of Grade 75,16 21. PACKAGING 21.1 When specified in the purchase order, packaging shall be in accordance with the procedures in Practices ASTM A700. 212 For Government Procurement Only—When specified in the contract ot ‘SPECIFICATIONS FOR MATERIALS order, and for direct procurement by or direct shipment to the U.S. Government, material shall be preserved, packaged, and packed in accordance with the re- ‘quirements of MIL-STD-163. The appli- cable levels shall be as specified in the contract. Marking for shipment of such ‘material shall be in accordance with Fed, M3IM ‘Std. No. 123 for civil agencies and MIL- ‘STD-129 for military agencies. 22, KEYWORDS 221 Concrete reinforcement; defor- ‘ations (protrusions); steel bars.