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cvewj‡KkÝ, †mv‡nj jvB‡eªix|
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dvg©‡MU: Zdv¾j eyK nvDm; 01711150101|
DËiv: Gwe †gwW‡Kj eyK nvDm; 01910797869|
evsjvevRvi: mygbv eB Ni; 01920494607| w` eyK †m›Uvi; 01912120151| cÖwgm jvB‡eªix;
01949496101|
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 m~wPcÎ

m~wP c„ôv
evsjv evsjv mvwnZ¨ 01
evsjv fvlv 50
English Language 99
English Literature 162
evsjv‡`k welqvejx 200
AvšÍR©vwZK welqvejx 300
f~‡Mvj 377
mvaviY weÁvb 423
Kw¤úDUvi 471
MvwbwZK hyw³ cvwUMwbZ 527
exRMwbZ 544
R¨vwgwZ 570
gvbwmK `ÿZv 583
‰bwZKZv, g~j¨‡eva I mykvmb 605
g‡Wj †U÷ 619
 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

English literature
English Literature

Name of Writers of Literary Pieces from Elizabethan Period to the 21st

Century
15
Quotations from Drama/Poetry of Different Ages

~ 162 ~
 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

English Literature A‡b‡KB GB welqwU‡K co‡Z Pvq bv Avi co‡jI cix¶vi `yB wZbw`b Av‡M ïay
‡k·wcqvi c‡oB cix¶v w`‡Z P‡j hvq| wKš‘ wewmGm wcÖwj‡Z wUKvi Rb¨ GB welq Uv Lye Lye Riæix| GB
wel‡qi †gvU gvK©m 15| Uv‡M©U 10 gvK©m (‡Kv‡bv †b‡MwUf gvwK©s Qvov)| hw` wm‡jevm ey‡S ey‡S GB welqwU
cov hvq Z‡e †PvL eÜ K‡i 10 gvK©m †c‡q hv‡eb| wewmGm English Literature wm‡jev‡m hvB _vKyK
bv †K‡bv Avcwb Avcbvi wm‡jevm‡K Gfv‡e mvwR‡q wbb|
1. Literary Period (1 b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)|
2. Literary Terms (Aek¨B 1 b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)|
3. Literary Period Abyhvqx †jLK‡`i bvg| (Aek¨B 1/2 b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)|
4. Character of Story (Aek¨B 1 b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)|
5. Quotation (Aek¨B 1 b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)|
6. Book, Novel, Poem Name (Aek¨B 3/4 b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)|
7. Profile of Some Specific Writer (Aek¨B 1 b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)|
8. Odd one out (1 b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
9. Pen name and some important writters
10. Elaboration of the names and some writters
(9 Ges 10 bv¤^vi UwcK †_‡K fvM¨ fv‡jv _vK‡j 1 b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
11. Bs‡iRx M‡íi evsjv Abyev`
12. evsjv M‡íi Bs‡iRx Abyev`
(11 Ges 12 bv¤^vi UwcK †_‡K fvM¨ fv‡jv _vK‡j 1 b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
13. Title of some writter.
14. Hot collections (1 b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
15. BCS Questions (fvM¨ fv‡jv _vK‡j 1 b¤^i Kgb cv‡eb)
GB wm‡jevmwU gv_vq †mU Kiv †M‡j †`L‡eb English Literature co‡Z KZ fvj jv‡M|

Literary Period

Total English Literature Period AvU fv‡M wef³:

1. The Old English Period (450-1066)
2. The Middle English Period (1066 – 1500)
a. The Anglo-Norman Period (1066 - 1340)
b. The Age of Chaucer (1340 - 1400)
c. Barren Age (1400 -1500)
3. The Renaissance Period (1500 – 1660)
a. Preparation for Renaissance (1500 - 1558)
b. The Elizabethan Age (1558 - 1603)
c. The Jacobean Age (1603 - 1625)
d. The Caroline Age (1625 - 1649)
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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

e. The Common Wealth Period (1649 - 1660)

4. The Neo-Classical Period (1660 - 1785/1798)
a. The Restoration Age (1660 - 1700)
b. The Augustan Age (1700 - 1745)
c. The Age Of Sensibility (1745 - 1798)
5. The Romantic Period (1798 - 1832)
6. The Victorian Period (1832 - 1901)
a. The Pre-Raphaelites (1848 - 1860)
b. The Aestheticism and Decadence (1880 - 1901)
7. The Modern Period (1901 - 1939)
a. The Edwardian Period (1901 - 1910)
b. The Georgian Period (1914 - 1936)
8. The Post Modern Period (1939 to Continue)

Literary Terms

 Alliteration (AbycÖvm):
 The repetition of beginning consonant sound is called Alliteration| gv‡b
†h‡Kv‡bv cvkvcvwk `y‡Uv k‡ãi 1g A¶i GKB _vK‡e|
 Example: 'Birds of the same Feather Flock together'| GB ev‡K¨i Feather and
Flock `y‡Uv k‡ãi 1g A¶i 'F' ZvB GwU Alliteration|
 Simile (Dcgv):
 `y‡Uv wfbœ ag©x wRwb‡mi gv‡S 'as' A_ev 'like' w`‡q Zyjbv eySv‡j Zv‡K Simile ejv nq|
 Example: I wandered lonely as a cloud|
 Metaphor (iƒcK):
 `ywU wfbœ wRwb‡mi gv‡S Zyjbv eySvq wKš‘ 'as' A_ev 'like' GB RvZxq †Kv‡bv kã _vK‡Z cvi‡e
bv|
 Example: The skies of his future began to dark|
 Climax (Pigmxgv):
 Kvwnbx A_ev bvU‡Ki P~ovšÍ cwibwZ‡K ejv nq| Climax happens at the height of a plot|
 Paradox (K~Uvfvm/AvcvZ ‰ecwiZ¡):
 A statement where contradictory things come together|
 Example: Truth is honey which is bitter| GLv‡b honey and bitter contradictory
word|
 Personification (e¨w³iƒc `vb):
 GKwU Ro e¯‘‡K RxešÍ gvbyl wn‡m‡e Kíbv Kiv|

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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

 Example: Nature might stand up| GB ev‡K¨ Nature †K RxešÍ wn‡m‡e Kíbv Kiv
n‡q‡Q|
 Oxymoron (we‡ivavfvm):
 cvkvcvwk `ywU wecixZ kã _vK‡j Zv‡K Oxymoron ejv nq|
 Example: It is an open secret issue| GB ev‡K¨ open and secret wecixZ kã|
 Onomatopoeia (AYyKvi kã/aŸwbe„wË):
 hw` †Kv‡bv wbw`©ó 'words' A_ev 'phrases' w`‡q m¤ú~b© ev‡K¨i A_© eySv‡bv nq Zv‡K
Onomatopoeia ejv nq|
 Example: The buzzing bee flew away|
 Hyperbole (cive„Ë):
 †Kv‡bv mvavib GKwU wRwbm‡K AwZiwÄZ K‡i ejv|
 Example: The weight of the table is as heavy as an elephant| GBLv‡b †Uwej‡K
AwZiwÂZ K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q|
 Myth (‡cŠivwbK K_v):
 Legend expressing primitive beliefs based on supernatural origin|
 Melodrama (MxwZbvUK):
 It was originally applied to all musical plays including opera|
 Epilogue (cwi‡kl):
 The concluding sentence by actor at the end of the play is called epilogue|
 Blank Verse (AwgÎvÿi Q›`):
 Poetry without rhyme at the end|
 Satire (e¨½ag©x iPbv):
 Satire GKwU mvwnZ¨ kã hv gvby‡li g~L©Zv, Kj¼, Zvw”Qj¨, derision ev Dcnvm Kiv nq|
 Example: GulliverÕs travels is an example of satirical fiction|
 Ode (MxwZKve¨):
 It is lyrical song in which somebody or something is addressed|
 Soliloquy (¯^M‡Zvw³):
 †Kv‡bv bvU‡Ki PwiÎ hLb wb‡Ri mv‡_ wb‡R K_v e‡j Zv‡K Soliloquy e‡j|
 Example: To be or not to be, that is the question|
 Couplet (‡køvK):
 A pair of lines that are rhymed at the end of each line|
 Ballad (‡jvKMv_v):
 It is a narrative song transmitted orally|
 Sonnet (PZz`©kc`x KweZv):
 Poem consists of 14 lines|

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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

 Protagonist (cÖavb PwiÎ):

 It is the main character of story|
 Limerick (gRv`vi AvR¸we Qov):
 A funny poem of five lines|
 Abstract (mvivsk):
 A summary of any piece of written work.
 Anecdote (mswÿß wKš‘ gRvi Mí):
 A short amusing of interesting story about a real incident or person.
 Auto-Biography (AvZ¥Rxebx):
 A Story of a person`s life. BrochureWritten by the person himself.
 Brochure (cyw¯ÍKv):
 A pamphlet of comparably short work which is stitched. not bound
 Caesura (KweZvi cO&w³i gvSLv‡b hwZ/ weiwZ):
 A pause near the middle of an line in modern verse.
 Catastrophe (wech©q):
 Target end of dramatic events.
 Conceit (AvZ¥-AnwgKv):
 Excessive pride in oneself.
 Diction (kãPqb):
 The choice of words of an Author.
 Elegy (‡kvKMv_v):
 A poem of serious reflection, typically a lament for the dead.
 Epic (gnKve¨):
 An epic is a long narrative poem, on a grand scale, about deeds of warriors
and heroes.
 Exemplary (`„óvšÍg~jK):
 A story that conveys a useful lesson.
 Fable (bxwZMí, cïcvwLi DcvL¨vb):
 A traditional short story that teaches a moral lesson, especially one with
animals as characters.
 Fantasy (Kíbv):
 An imaginary story.
 Hymn (Ck¦ie›`bvg~jK Mvb):
 Song in praise of God.
 Lampoon (KvD‡K e¨½ K‡i iwPZ †Kv‡bv †jLv):
 A piece of satire.

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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

 Lullaby/ Cardle (Nygcvovwb Mvb):

 A soft gentle song sung to make a child go to sleep.
 Manifesto (cÖKvk¨ wjwLZ †NvlYv):
 A public declaration, usually of political, religious.
 Pamphlet (ÿz`ª cyw¯ÍKv):
 A very thin book with a paper cover, containing information about a
particular subject.
 Pathos (KiæY im):
 A quality that evokes pity.
 Philology (fvlv I weÁvb):
 Science of language.

Literary Period Wise Writer Name

Literacy Period Writer Name

Caedmon
Venerable
The Old English Period (450 - 1066) Bede
Cynewulf
King Alfred the Great
Sir Thomas More
The Middle English Period (1066 - 1500) Nicholas Udall
Sir Thomas Wyatt
Sir Thomas More
Preparation of Renaissance (1500 - 1558) Nicholas Udall
Sir Thomas Wyatt
Edmund Spenser
Sir Philip Sidney
Thomas Kyd
The Elizabethan Period (1558-1603)
Francis Bacon
Christopher Marlowe
William Shakespeare
John Donne
The Jacobean Period (1603 - 1625) Ben Jonson
John Webster
The Caroline Period (1625 - 1649) Robert Herrick
George Herbert

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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

The Commonwealth Period (1649 - 1660) John Milton

Andrew Marvell
Samuel Butler
The Restoration Period (1660 - 1700) John Bunyan
John Dryden
Daniel Defoe
Jonathan Swift
The Augustan Period (1700 - 1745) William Congreve
Alexander Pope
Samuel Richardson
Dr Samuel Johnson
The Age of Sensibility (1745 - 1798) Thomas Gray
William Blake
William Wordsworth
S.T Coleridge
The Romantic Period (1798 - 1832) Jane Austen
Lord Byron
P.B Shelley
John Keats
Lord Alfred Tennyson
Robert Browning
Charles Dickens
Charlotte Bronte
Karl Marx
The Victorian Period (1832 - 1901) George Eliot
Matthew Arnold
Samuel Butler
Leo Tolstoy
Thomas Hardy
R.L Stevenson
George Bernard Shaw
The Edwardian Period (1901 - 1910) O' Henry
W.B Yeats
H.G. Wells
Robert Frost
Virginia Woolf
D.H Lawrence
The Georgian Period (1910 - 1936) T.S Eliot
William Faulkner
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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

Earnest Hemingway
George Orwell
Samuel Beckett
Chinua Achebe
The Post Modern Period (1939 To Present) Tony Morrison
J.K Rowling
Orhan Pamuk

Character of Story

Character Story Character Story

Adela Passage to India Mephistophilis Doctor Faustus
Dalaila Samson Agonistes Lady Wishfort The Way of The World
Pip Great Expectations Heathcliff Wuthering Heights
Jerry A Mother in Mannville Orlando As You Like It
Mrs. Morel Sons And Lovers Ophelia Hamlet
Duncan Macbeth Claudius Hamlet
Banquo Macbeth Olivia Twelfth Night
Three Macbeth Calliban Tempest
Witches
Shylock Marchant of Venice Brutus Julius Caesar
Desdemona Othello Goneril, Regan, King Lear
and Cassio Cordelia
Orlando As You Like It Isabel Michael
Dr Aziz Passage to India Ravi and Raghu Twilight
Captain Arms and The Man Nora A Doll House
Bluntschli

Profile of Some Specific Writer

Geoffrey Chaucer (1340-1400)

 He is the first national poet of England.

 Chaucer is called the morning star of English Literature.

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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

 wb‡¤œ Zuvi iPbv¸‡jv D‡jøL Kiv nj:

 The Book of the Duchess.
 The Parliament of Fowls.
 The House of Fame.
 The Legend of good women.
 The Canterbury Tales.
 The Nun’s Priest’s Tale.
 Roman de la Rose.

Edmund Spenser (1552-1599)

 GWgvÛ †¯úbmvi 1552 mv‡j jÛ‡b Rb¥MÖnb K‡iwQ‡jb|

 Zv‡K ejv nq Kwe‡`i Kwe ÔÔPoets Poet”|
 He Wrote under the pseudonym “Immerito”|
 Zvi weL¨vZ m‡bU msKjb Amorette (89wUi †ewk m‡bU i‡q‡Q G‡Z)|
 GQvov wZwb cwiwPZ Court Poet GKRb wn‡m‡e|
 The Shepherd`s Calender Kve¨MÖš’wU wZwb DrmM© K‡iwQ‡jb Sir Philip Sidney †K|
 The Faerie Queen n‡jv g~jZ Allegorical Romance|
 Sir Philip Sidney -i g„Zz¨‡Z wjwLZ Zvi weL¨vZ †kvKKweZv n‡jv “Astrophel”|
 Zvi ¸iæZ¡c~Y© mvwnZ¨Kg©¸
© ‡jv wb¤œiæc:
 The Shepherd`s Calender.
 The Faerie Queen
 Four Hymns
 Amorette
 The Ruins of time
 Astrophel

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

 wZwb GKRb weL¨vZ Essayist|

 Zv‡K Father of English essay ev Prose ejv nq|
 He served both as Attorney General and as Lord Chancellor of England.
 His well-known works:
 Novum Organum (New Method)
 Of Truth (1652)
 Of Death (1612, enlarged 1625)
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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

 Of Revenge (1652)
 Of Adversity (1625)
 Of Marriage and single Life.
 Of Love (1612, Rewritten 1652)
 Famous quotes of Erancis Bacon:
 Some books are to tasted, Others to be swallowed (of Studies).
 Revenge is a kind of wild justice (Of Revenge).
 Unmarried men are best friend, best master, best servants but not always best
subjects (Of Marriage and Single Life).
 A good Friend is another himself (Of Friendship).
 Opportunity makes a thief.
 It is impossible to love and to be wise (Of Love).
 History makes wise man (Of Studies).

Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)

 Christopher Marlowe n‡jb Elizabethan hy‡Mi GKRb †kÖô bvU¨Kvi|

 He is called the Father of English Drama/ Tragedy.
 He was the leader of University Wit.
 Marlowe gvÎ 29 eQi eq‡m gvi hvb|
 Zuvi iwPZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ bvUK:
 Tamburlaine the Great
 The Passionate Shepherd to His Love (Poem)
 Doctors Faustus (me‡P‡q weL¨vZ bvUK)
 Edward –II

William Shakespeare (1564-1616)

 William Shakespeare 1564 mv‡ji 23 GwcÖj Stratford Upon Avon kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|
 1616 wLª÷v‡ã 23 GwcÖj ÷ªvU‡dv‡W©i wbR evmM„‡n GB gnvb Kwe I bvU¨Kvi ci‡jvKMgb K‡ib|
 He is called The “Bard of Avon”/King without crown (gyKyUwenxb m¤ªvU)|
 ‡ZBk eQi a‡i †gvU 37wU bvUK (25 before the death of Elizabeth) iPbv K‡i‡Qb
†kKmwcqi| ZvQvovI iPbv K‡i‡Qb wZbwU Kve¨ Ges 154 wU m‡bU|
 ‡k·wcqvi g~jZ Zuvi bvU‡Ki Rb¨ weL¨vZ|
 The Tempest is known as Shakespeare’s Swan Song or Last work.
 Tempest A_© Violent storm/cÖPÛ VvÛv|
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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

 Shakespeare lived during the reign of Queen Elizabeth.

 GwjRv‡e‡_i hyM‡K (1550-1620 Lªxt) ejv nq †i‡bmvu ev beRvMi‡Yi hyM|
 He belongs to 16th century.
 Comedy of Errors Gi evsjv Abyev` K‡i‡Qb Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi ÔåvwšÍwejvmÕ bv‡g|
 A taming of the Shrew Abyev` K‡i‡Qb gybxi †PŠayix ÒgyLiv igYx ekxKiYÓ bv‡g|
 ‡k·wcqv‡ii weL¨vZ `yBwU bvUK (comedy) n‡j ÒThe Tempest” Ges “The Mid Summer
Night’s Dream”|
 aviYv Kiv nq Shakespeare Zvi weL¨vZ Hamlet bvUKwU Thomas Kyd Gi “The Spanish
Tragedy” bvUK AbyKi‡Y wj‡L‡Q|
 Shakespeare composed much of his plays in the form of poetry, often in a meter
called iambic pentameter.
 Shakespeare Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Tragedy bvUK:
 Hamlet
 Macbeth
 Romeo and Juliet
 Othello (I‡_‡jv)- Desdemona cvwj‡q I‡_‡jv‡K we‡q K‡i Ges Othello †`mwWgbv‡K
GKwU iægvj Dcnvi ‡`q|
 King Lear
 Julius Caesar
 Antony and Cleopatra
 Timon of Athens
 Shakespeare Gi weL¨vZ Comedy bvUK:
 A Midsummer Night’s Dream
 The Tempest (Last Work/Swan Song)
 Twelfth Night
 All’s Well That Ends Well
 As You Like It
 Two Gentlemen of Verona
 Measure for Measure
 The Taming of the Shrew
 Love’s Labour’s Lost
 Comedy of Errors
 Merry Wives of Windsor.
 Much Ado About Nothing.
 The Mechant of Venice (This Play is about as Jew-35th BCS)
 Pericles, Prince of Tyre.

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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

 Shakespeare iwPZ wZbwU Kve¨/Narrative Poems:

 A Lover’s Complaint
 The Rape of Lucrece
 Venous and Adonis
 William Shakespeare Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ wKQz Quotation:
 To be or not to be that is the question is the beginning of al famous soliloquy
of Hamlet. (Hamlet)
 Frailty thy name is woman. (Hamlet)
 There are nothing either good of bad but thinking makes is so. (Hamlet)
 Home-keeping youth have ever homely wits. (Two Gentlemen of Verona.)
 Sweet are the uses of adversity. (As you Like it)
 All the world’s stage and all the men and women merely players. (As you
Like it)
 All the perfumes of Arabia will no sweeten this little hand. (Macbeth)
 When sorrows come, they come not single spices but in battalions. (Hamlet)
 Neither a borrower nor a lender be; For loan oft loses both itself and friend.
 Brevity is the soul of wit. (Hamlet)
 There are more things in heaven and earth, Horatio, than are dreamt of in your
philosophy. (Hamlet)
 Some are born great, some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust
upon them. (Twelfth Night)
 Love looks not with the eyes but with the mind. (Mid Summer Night’s
Dream)
 “Veni, vidi, vici” “I came; I saw; I conquered. (It is a Latin phrase from Julius
Caesar)
 Cowards die many times before their death, But the valiant never taste of
death but once. (Julius Caesar)
 Life’s but a walking shadow, a poor player. (Macbeth)
 Fair is foul and foul is fair. ( Macbeth)

Ben Jonson (1572-1637)

 Ben Jonson wQ‡jb The first great new-classicist and called Comedy of Humour.
 Shakespeare wQ‡jb Ben Jonson Gi Every Man in His Humour, Every Man Out of
His Humour bvU‡Ki Gi GKRb Awf‡bZv|
 Ben Jonson`s Comedy is connected with medical theory.
 Ben Jonson Gi bvUK:

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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

 The Silent Woman

 Volpone
 Everyman in His Humour.
 Alchemist

John Milton (1608-1674)

 1608 mv‡j 9 wW‡m¤^i jÛb kn‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib wZwb|

 1652 mv‡j nVvr K‡iB wZwb G‡Kev‡i AÜ n‡q hvb|
 1674 mv‡j GB Kwe Bn‡jvK Z¨vM K‡ib|
 John Milton wQ‡jb The great master of Blank Verse.
 John Milton Gi GKwU D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Elegy n‡jv Lycidas|
 Paradise Lost gnvKve¨i GKwU weL¨vZ jvBb n‡jv “Better to reign in He then serve in
Heaven”|
 Paradise Lost g~jZ GKwU Epic|
 “c¨vivnWvBR j÷Ó Gi w_g n‡”Q “Justify the ways of God to men” GLv‡b †Kw›`ªq PwiÎ
n‡”Q ÔkqZvbÕ|
 Paradise Lost is separated into twelve “books” or sections, the length of which
vary greatly (the longest is Book IX, with 1.189 lines and the shortest Book VII,
with 640) It is Originally divided into afterwards into twelve books.
 His famous Works:
 Paradise Lost (Epic)
 Paradise Regained
 Lycidas (Elegy)
 John Milton Gi wKQz weL¨vZ Quotations:
 Better to reign in Hell than serve in Heaven.- Speech of Satan. (Paradise Lost)
 Childhood shows the man. As morning shows the days. (Paradise Regained)

William Blacke (1757-1827)

 wZwb GKvav‡i Kwe I wPÎKvi wQ‡jb|

 William Blake ‡K A‡b‡K Romantic Kwe wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv K‡ib|
 Zvi iwPZ weL¨vZ `ywU MÖš’ n‡jv Songs of Innocence I Songs of Experience.
 Zv‡K ejv nq Precursor of the Romantic Movement.

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 His famous Works:

 Songs of innocence and of Experience.
 The Marriage of Heaven and Hell.
 Jerusalem.

William Wordsworth (1770-1850)

 1770 mv‡ji 7 GwcÖj DËiv‡ji wbPy n«` GjvKvi A`~ieZ©x kni KKvigvD‡L Rb¥ MÖnY K‡ib|
 wZwb g„Zz¨eiY K‡ib 1850 mv‡j|
 IqvW©mIqv_© Gi UvB‡Uj n‡”Q ÒWorshiper of Nature”|
 ÒHigh Priest of Nature”, “The Poet of Nature”, “A Lake Poet” Ges “Poet of
Childhood” bv‡g wZwb cwiwPZ|
 William Wordsworth n‡jb Romantic hy‡Mi me‡P‡q D¾¡j bÿÎ|
 The French Revolution Øviv wZwb AbycÖvwYZ n‡qwQ‡jb|
 Wordsworth Gi Dw³ ÒcÖK…wZi gv‡SB gnvb m„wóKZ©v weivRgvbÓ hv cwiwPZ Pantheism wn‡m‡e|
 His famous Works:
 The Solitary Reaper
 Michael
 Tintern Abbey
 The Excursion (ågb)
 Lyrical Ballads (1798)
 Daffodils
 Ode to Duty
 Wordsworth Gi wKQz Quotations:
 Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes its origin
from emotion recollected in tranquility. (KweZvi ms½v: Lyrical Ballads)
 The music in my heart I bore/Long after it was heard no more. (The Solitary
Reaper Gi †kl `ywU jvBb|)
 All at once I saw a crowd, a host of golden daffodils. (The daffodils)
 Nature never did betray the heart that loved her.

Samuel Taylor Coleridge

 Coleridge n‡jb Romantic hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg Avi GKRb kw³gvb †jLK/Kwe|

 He is called Opium Eater.

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 Coleridge †K GQvovI ejv nq “The poet of supernaturalism” wn‡m‡e|

 Coleridge Ges Wordsworth ‡hŠ_fv‡e Lyrical Ballads cÖKvk K‡ib|
 Coleridge Gi mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbvg~jK MÖš’- Biogrphia Literaria|
 wZwb n‡jb Wordsworth Gi (Collaborator) mn‡hvMx|
 Coleridge GKRb Romantic Poet Ges Lake District Poet wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| (37th BCS)
 Coleridge-Zapolya bvUKwU iPbv K‡ib Shakespeare Gi Winter’s Tale bvU‡Ki AbyKi‡b|
 S T Coleridge Gi KweZvmg~n:
 Ancient Mariner
 Christabel
 Biographia Literaria:
 GwU Zuvi AvZ¥Rxebx bq, eis mvwn‡Z¨i RxebPwiZ|
 G‡Z PweŸkwU cwi‡”Q` Av‡Q| Zvi g‡a¨ †ZiwU cwi‡”Q‡` wZwb ‡Kej `vk©wbKZv K‡i‡Qb|
 †PŠÏ cwi‡”Q‡` wjwiK¨vj e¨vjvW- Gi m~Pbvi eY©bv w`‡q‡Qb|
 c‡bi cwi‡”Q‡` eZ©gvbKv‡ji m‡½ cÂ`k I †lvok kZvãxi mvwn‡Z¨i cv_©K¨ wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
K‡i‡Qb|
 Rvgv©b `vk©wbK Kv‡›Ui `vk©wbK Z‡Ë¡i Dci wfwË K‡i wZwb mvwnZ¨Z‡Ë¡i Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb|
 Kv›U g‡b K‡ib Subjectivity is aesthetic quality A_v©r AvZ¥MZfve n‡jv wk‡íi cÖavb
¸Y|
 Dejection: An ode
 S T Coleridge Gi wKQy Quotations:
 Alone, alone, all, all alone,
Alone on a wide, wide sea.
 Water, water, everywhere,
Not any drop to drink.
 He prayeth best, who loveth best
All things both great and small.

George Gordon, Lord Byron

 RR© MvW©b evqib, GKRb weªwUk Kwe Ges †ivgvw›UK Av‡›`vj‡bi Ab¨Zg gyL¨ e¨vw³Z¡|
 36 eQi eq‡m wMÖ‡mi †gmjx½ _vKv Ae¯’vq †m R¡‡i AvµvšÍ n‡q gviv hvq|
 evqib evB‡cvjvi AvB wWmAWv©i Ges g¨vwbK wW‡cÖk‡b fzM‡Zb|
 Byron n‡jb Ab¨Zg Avi GKRb kw³gvb Romantic Kwe|
 wZwb Cambridge G cov Ae¯’vq 19 eQi eq‡m cÖKvk K‡ib Hours of Idleness (cÖ_g bvg-
Juvenilia).

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 wZwb wMÖK‡`i ¯^vaxbZv hy‡× mvnv‡h¨i Rb¨ Byron Bridge cÖwZôv K‡iwQ‡jb Ges GB Byron
Bridge-Gi gv‡a¨‡g wMÖK‡`i eo As‡Ki UvKv I Drmvn w`‡qwQ‡jb|
 Bsj¨v‡Ûi we‡`ªvnx Kwe n‡jv Byron (Avgv‡`i RvZxq Kwe KvRx bRiæj Bmjvg‡K Byron Gi mv‡_
Zzjbv Kiv nq|)
 Byron Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Kg©:
 Hours of Idleness.
 Heaven and Earth.
 Byron Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Quotations:
 Man`s conscience is the oracle of God.
 Sweet is revenge-especially to women.(Don Juan)

Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792-1822)

 1792 mv‡ji 4 AvM÷ Bsj¨v‡Ûi †nvimvg mv‡m‡·i wbKUeZx© wdì‡cøm bvgK ¯’v‡b Bs‡iwR fvlvi
weL¨vZ Kwe ‡kwj Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib|
 1822 mv‡ji MÖx®§Kv‡j mgy`ªZx‡i †bŠKv ågYKv‡j S‡oi Ke‡j c‡o †bŠKvWzwe n‡q GB gnvb Kwe
g„Z¨eiY K‡ib|
 Shelly n‡jb Romantic hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg GKRb †kÖó Romantic Kwe|
 wZwb wQ‡jb GKRb Revolutionary poet.
 Zvi iwPZ 2wU bvUK n‡jv- Cenci I Prometheus Unbound.
 Zvi mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPbvg~jK MÖš’ n‡jv: A Defence of Poetry.
 Zvi cÖ_g `xN© KweZv- Queen Mab.
 Zuvi ¯¿x Mary Shelly-I GKRb †jwLKv, whwb Frankenstein bvgK Dcb¨vm wj‡LwQ‡jb|
 Famous works of shelley:
 Promethus Unbound
 Adenais
 Ode To the West Wind.
 Ozaymandias
 The Revolt of Islam
 A Defense of Poetry.
 Shelly Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Quotations:
 Poets are the unacknowledged legislators of the world.
 It winter comes can spring be far behind?
 Our sweetest songs are those that tell of saddest thought.

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John Keats (1795-1821)

 1795 mv‡ji 31 A‡±vei jÛ‡bi gyiwdìm bvgK ¯’v‡b Bs‡iwR mvwnZ¨i L¨vwZgvb Kwe Rb wKUm
Rb¥MÖnb K‡i‡Qb|
 gvÎ 26 eQi eq‡m hÿv †iv‡M wKUm gviv hvb|
 wZwb GKRb Romantic Kwe wQ‡jb|
 gvÎ AvVv‡iv eQi eq‡m wKU‡mi cÖ_g eB ÔBwg‡Ukb Ae †¯úmviÕ cÖvKwkZ nq|
 Zv‡K ejv nq c‡qU Ae weDwU (Poet of beauty), c‡qU Ae †mÝvm‡bm (Poet of
Sensuousness) BZ¨vw`|
 Occupation: Poet, Professionally Known as a man of medicine.
 Keats wQ‡jb Romantic Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ me‡P‡q Kg eqmx|
 Keats AwaK cwiwPZ Zvi Sense if beauty Gi Rb¨|
 wZwb wQ‡jb 19 kZ‡Ki Kwe|
 Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv:
 Ode to a Nightingale
 Ode to psyche
 Ode on a Grecian Urn.
 Ode on Melancholy
 Endymion
 The Eve of St. Agnes
 Hyperion
 Lamia
 Ode to autumn
 Isabella
 Keats Gi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Quotations:
 Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter. (Ode on a Grecian
Urn)
 A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.
 Beauty is truth, truth beauty.

Lord Alfred Tennyson (1809-1892)

 Victorian hy‡Mi †bZ…Z¡¯’vbxq Kwe wQ‡jb Tennyson.

 wZwb Victorian age Gi GKRb MxwZ Kwe wQ‡jb|
 wZwb cwiwPZ Representative Poet wn‡m‡e|

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 1850 mvj Zvi Rxe‡b ¯§iYxq eQi| KviY H mg‡q Wordsworth Gi g„Zy¨i ci 1850 mv‡j wZwb
England Gi Poet Laureate wbev©wPZ nb|
 Poet Laureate Gi gv‡b ÔmfvKweÕ|
 Tennyson Gi †ewkifvM PiYB wQj †cŠivwbK Kvwnbx wb‡q|
 Morte D Arthur KweZvq GKwU †cŠivwbK Zievwi n‡jv- Excaliber|
 wZwb William Shakespeare †K Dazzling Sun Dcvwa w`‡q‡Qb|
 Tennyson Gi weL¨vZ wKQz KweZv:
 Lotus Eaters
 In Memorium
 Oenone
 Ulysses
 Locksley Hall
 Tithonus
 English Idyll- Collection of various poems.
 Morte D’ Arthur

Robert Browning (1812-1889)

 Robert Browning n‡jb wf‡±vwiqvb hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg GKRb weL¨vZ †jLK|

 wZwb n‡jb The innovator of dramatic monologue/the father of dramatic
monologue.
 Browning Gi Men and Women eBwU weL¨vZ GwUi Blank Verse Dramatic I
Monologue Gi Rb¨|
 The Return of the Druses I Colombo`s Birhday Zvi wjwLZ `ywU bvUK|
 Robert Browning Gi weL¨vZ wKQz iPbv:
 The Patriot
 Fra Lippo Lippi
 Porphyria`s Love
 The Pied Piper of Hamelin
 Andrea Del Sarto
 A Grammarian’s Funeral
 My last Duchess

Charles Dickens (1812-1870)

 Charles Dickens n‡jb Victorian hy‡Mi GKRb kw³gvb Dcb¨vwmK|

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 Zvi weL¨vZ Dcb¨vm n‡jv Great Expectation|

 Zvi cÖ_g eB n‡jv “Sketches By Boz”|
 Great Expectations Gi weL¨vZ GKwU jvBb n‡jv - Charity begins at home and justice
begins next door.
 wb‡¤œ Zuvi iwPZ D‡jøL‡hvM¨ Dcb¨vm¸‡jvi bvg †`qv njÑ
 Great Expectations.
 A tale of Two cities.
 David Copperfield.
 Adventure of Oliver Twist
 The Pickwick Papers
 Hard Times.

Mathew Arnold (1822-1868)

 Mathew Arnold wQ‡jb Victorian hy‡Mi Ab¨Zg GKRb †kÖô Kwe Ges mgv‡jvPK|
 GQvovI wZwb Oxford University -‡Z 5 eQ‡ii Rb¨ A Professor of Poetry wn‡m‡e wbhy³
n‡qwQ‡jb hv cieZx©‡Z Av‡iv 5 eQi e„w× Kiv nq|
 Zvi fvB Kvbv‡K©i g„Zy¨‡Z wjwLZ Elegy ev †kvKKweZv “Hein`s Grave”.
 K¬v‡di g„Zy¨‡Z iwPZ Zvi Elegy n‡jv “Thyris”.
 Charlotte Bronte Gi g„Zz¨‡Z iwPZ Zvi Elegy n‡jv Howarth’s Churchyard|
 Arnold Zvi evevi g„Zy¨‡Z wj‡LwQ‡jb Rugby Chapel †kvKKweZv|
 “The Scholar Gipsy”, “Dover Beach”, “Thyris”G¸‡jv n‡jv Zvi weL¨vZ KweZv|
 The Study of Poetry eB‡qi K‡qKwU weL¨vZ jvBb n‡jv-
 Poetry is at bottom a criticism of life.
 Even science will appear incomplete without poetry.
 Mathew`s D‡jøL‡hvM¨ KweZv:
 The Scholar Gipsy
 The study of Poetry.
 Rugby Chapel Thyris
 Dover Beach

George Bernard Shaw (1856-1950)

 wZwb GKRb AvBwik bvU¨Kvi wQ‡jb|.

 Zuv‡K ejv n‡Zv “Father of Modern English Literature” and “Father of Modern
English drama”.
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 wZwb 1925 mv‡j mvwn‡Z¨ †bv‡ej cyi®‹vi cvb|

 G.B Shaw wQ‡jb modern dramatist Gi g‡a¨ weL¨vZ.
 Zvi weL¨vZ bvUK¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Arms and the man D‡jøL‡hvM¨|
 Arms and the man bvU‡Ki welqe¯‘ n‡jv The false concept of heroism in the war and
a false concept of love.
 Zuvi weL¨vZ Novel :
 An Unsocial Socialist
 Love Among the Artists
 The Irrational Knot
 Immaturity
 Zuvi weL¨vZ Drama:
 Caesar and Cleopatra (play)
 Man and Superman (comedy)
 Arms and the Man (play)
 The Doctor`s Dilemma
 Pygmalion
 Candida
 You Never Can Tell (Play)
 The Apple Cart.

O’ Henry (1862-1910)

 O’ Henry wQ‡jb GKRb Av‡gwiKvb esk™¢zZ †QvU M‡íi †jLK|.

 O’ Henry Ibvi mswÿß bvg| Zuvi Avmj bvg William Sidney Porter.
 Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †jLv:
 The Gift of the Magi
 The Ransom of Red Chef
 Roads of Destiny
 Cabbages and Kings
 The Four Million
 Sixes and Sevens.
 Rolling Stones

William Butler Yeats (1865-1939)

 1865 mv‡ji 13 Ryb DBwjqvg evUjvi B‡qUm Wvewj‡b Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib|

 wZwb GKRb AvBwik Kwe Ges wesk kZvãxi GKRb D‡jøL‡hvM¨ mvwnwZ¨K|
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 1923 mv‡j cÖ_g AvBwik mvwnwZ¨K wn‡m‡e †bv‡ej cyi®‹vi cvb|

 Yeats wrote the introduction for of Rabindranath Tagore.
 Zvi KweZvi me‡P‡q †ewk jÿYxq welq n‡”Q Use of Symbolism and Mysticism.
 Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ iPbv:
 The Tower (poetry)
 The Wild Swans at Colle (Poem)
 The Lake Isle of Innisfree
 Easter 1916
 Sail to Byzantium

D H Lawrence (1885-1930)

 wZwb GKRb Bs‡iR mvwnwZ¨K, Kwe, bvU¨Kvi, cÖeÜKvi, mvwnZ¨ mgv‡jvPK Ges wPÎwkíx|
 Zvi wjwLZ Dcb¨vm¸‡jvi g‡a¨ Sons and lovers Ab¨Zg| Sons and lovers GKwU
Autobiographical novel.
 Zuvi weL¨vZ †jLvmg~n:
 The White Peacock (novel)
 The Rainbow (novel)
 Lady Chatterley`s Lover (novel)
 Sons and Lovers (novel)
 A Modern Lover.
 Woman in Love (nobel)

T.S Eliot (1888-1965)

 wZwb 1888 mv‡j hy³iv‡óªi wg‡kŠwii †m›U jyB‡m Rb¥MÖnb K‡ib|

 gvÎ 25 eQi eq‡m 1914 mv‡j Bsj¨v‡Û P‡j hvb Ges 1927 mv‡j 39 eQi eq‡m e„wUk bvMwiKZ¡
MÖnY K‡ib|
 T.S Eliot wQ‡jb GKRb Kwe, bvU¨Kvi I mgv‡jvPK|
 wZwb weL¨vZ Zvi KweZv Theory of Objective Correlative Gi Rb¨|
 wZwb Zvi weL¨vZ KweZv The Waste Land Gi Rb¨ 1948 mv‡j Novel Prize jvf K‡ib|
 Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨ †jLvmg~n:
 The Waste Land (Poem)
 The Hollow Men.
 Murder in the Cathedral
 Gerontion

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 Zuvi D‡jøL‡hvM¨-bvUK t
 Murder in the Cathedral
 The cocktail party
 The Rock
 The elder statesman
 The Family Reunion

Few Other Important Quotation

 'Help thyself and God will help thee' = Herbert

 'God didnÕt exist, it would be necessary to invent him' = Hobbes
 Habit if not resisted, soon becomes it necessity = Saint Augustine
 'God made the country and Man made the town' = Cowper
 'God is on the side of big battalions' = George Bernard Shaw
 'Example is better than precept' = S. Smiles
 'Admiration is the daughter of ignorance' = Franklin
 'Superstition is a religion of feeble minded person' = Edmund Burke
 Good face is the best letter of recommendation = Queen Elizabeth
 No man can be wise on empty stomach = George Eliot
 Pain is the outcome of sin = Gautam Buddha
 Justice delayed is justice denied = Gladstone
 An unexamined life is not worth living = Socrates
 Full many a flower is born to blush unseen and waste its sweetness in the desert
air = Thomas Gray
 But I have promise to keep and miles to go before I sleep = Robert Frost
 The greater the power, the more dangerous the abuse = Edmund Burke
 Poetry is a criticism of life = Matthew Arnold
 Frailty the name is woman = William Shakespeare
 Ability is a poor man’s wealth = M. Qern
 Eternal vigilance is the price of liberty = John Philpot Curzan
 Example teaches better than precept = Samuel smiles
 Knowledge is power = Hobes
 Self preservation is the first law of nature = Samuel Butler
 Speech is great, but silence is greater = Carlyle
 Superstition is a religion of feeble minded person = Edmund Burke
 Men are women’s playthings, women is the devil’s = Victor Hugo
 Common sense is not so common = Voltain
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 Love is a serious mental disease = Plato

 Eat to live, don’t live to eat = Benjamin Franklin
 The secret of getting ahed is getting started = Mark Twain
 Fear is the mother of mortality = Fedrich Nietzsche
 Good face is the best letter of recommendation = Queen Elizabeth
 At the touch of the love every one becomes poet = Plato
 The road to hell is paved with good intention = Ben Jonson
 Do not wait to stike till the iron is hot, but make it hot by striking = W.B. Yeats
 Fear is the mother forsight = Thomas Hardy

Book, Novel Ges Poem Gi bvg

 Poem 'Juliana' = Cynewulf

 Poem 'Inferno' = Dante
 Poem ‘Vision of Piers Plowman’ = William Langland
 The Book of The Duchess = Geoffrey Chaucer
 The Canterbury Tales And Nuns Priest's Tale = Geoffrey Chaucer
 'Le Morte D' Arthur' = Thomas Marlory
 Novel 'Utopia' = Sir Thomas More
 'An Apology for Poetry' = Sir Philip Sidney
 Play 'The White Devil' = John Webster
 Drama 'The Dutchess of Malfi' = John Webster
 Poem 'To Daffodils' = Robert Herrick
 Poem 'Easter Wings' = George Herbert
 Poem 'The Collar' = George Herbert
 Poem 'To His Coy Mistress' = Andrew Marvell
 Poem 'The Definition' of Love' = Andrew Marvell
 Poem 'Hudibras' = Samuel Butler
 Book 'Pilgrims Progress' = John Bunyan
 Drama 'All For Love' = John Dryden
 Novel 'Robinson Crusoe' = Daniel Dofoe
 Novel 'Colonel Jack' = Daniel Dofoe
 A Modest Proposal = Jonathan Swift
 Drama 'The Way Of The World' = William Congreve
 Drama 'The Old Bachelor' = William Congreve
 Novel 'Pamela' = Samuel Richardson

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 Novel 'Tom Jones' = Henry Fielding

 'Preface To Shakespeare' = Samuel Johnson
 Novel 'Ivan Hoe' = Sir Walter Scott
 Poem 'Patriotism' = Sir Walter Scott
 The Talisman = Sir Walter Scott
 Novel 'The Heart Of Midlothian' = Sir Walter Scott
 Novel 'Sense and Sensibility' =Jane Austen
 Novel 'Pride and Prejudice' = Jane Austen
 Novel 'The Three Musketeers' = Alexander Dumas
 Poem 'Ulysses' = Lord Alfred Tennyson
 Elegy 'In Memorium' = Lord Alfred Tennyson
 Novel 'Vanity Fair' = William Makepeace Thackeary
 Novel 'The Professors' = Charlotte Bronte
 Novel 'Wuthering Heights' = Emily Bronte
 Das Capital = Karl Marx
 Poem 'The Scholar Gipsy' = Mathew Arnold
 The Study of Poetry = Mathew Arnold
 Novel 'War and Peace' = Leo Tolstoy
 Novel 'A Confession' = Leo Tolstoy
 Novel 'Erewhom' = Samuel Butler
 Book 'Adventures of Huckleberry Finn' = Mark Twain
 Novel 'Tess of the Durbervilles' = Thomas Hardy
 Novel 'Treasure Island' = Robert Louis Stevenson
 Novel 'Les Miserable' = Victor Hugo
 Poem 'Autumn Leaves' = Victor Hugo
 Novel 'The Scarlet Letter' = Nathaniel Hawthorne
 Leaves Of Grass = Walt Whitman
 Poem 'O Captain, My Captain' = Walt Whitman
 Novel 'Crime and Punishment' = Fyodor Dostoyevsky
 Novel 'Around the World In Eighty Days' = Jules Verne
 A Doll's House = Henrik Ibsen
 Novel 'Heart of Darkness' = Joseph Conrad
 Novel 'The Arrow of Gold' = Joseph Conrad
 Novel 'Suicide' = David Emile Durkheim
 Fiction 'The Jungle Book' = Rudyard Kipling
 Fiction 'The Time Machine' = H.G Wells
 Novel 'Road to Freedom' = Bertrand Arthur William Russell
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 Novel 'Marriage and Morals' = Bertrand Arthur William Russell

 Novel 'Of Human Bondage' = William Somerset Maugham
 Short Story 'The Luncheon' = William Somerset Maugham
 Novel 'Ulysses' = James Joyce
 Novel 'The Voyage Out' = Virginia Woolf
 Poem 'Usura' = Ezra Pound
 Novel 'The Good Earth' = Pearl S Buck
 Novel 'Soldiers Pay' = Cuthbert Faulkner
 Novel 'Animal Farm' = George Orwell
 The Last Childhood = Graham Green
 Drama 'Waiting for Godot' = Samuel Beckett
 Novel 'Seize the Day' = Saul Bellow

Some Important Novel, Poem, Short Story, and Others

GB c‡q›UwU Av‡jvPbv Kivi Av‡M GKwU D`vniY †`B Zvn‡j eyS‡Z mnR n‡e|
Example: 'Arrow Of God' by Chinua Achebe, 'Great Expectations' by Charles
Dickens, 'Seize The Day' by 'Saul Bellow' GB wZbwU nj Dcb¨vm| wKš‘ 'India Wins
Freedom' GKwU Autobiography by Abul Kalam Azad myZivs cÖkœUv n‡Z cv‡i Ggb:
Q. Find out the odd one from below?
A) Arrow Of God B) Great Expectations
C) Seize The Day D) India Wins Freedom
Answer: D) India Wins Freedom| †Kbbv GUv evwK 3wU †_‡K Avjv`v| mevB AvkvKwi eyS‡Z
†c‡i‡Qb ZvB wb‡Pi wKQy D`vnib c‡o wbb| Avkv Kiv hvq 1 b¤^i Kgb co‡e|

Poem

 The Definition of Love  The Good Morrow

 Ode on A Nightingale  To Daffodils
 Tintern Abbey  Easter Wings
 The Waste Land  In Memorium
 The Rime of The Ancient Mariner  Daffodil
 Ode to The West Wind  The Solitary Reaper
 The Passionate Pilgrim  Kubla Khan
 The Patriot  Queen Mab
 The Scholar Gipsy  Leaves of Grass
 Black Orchid
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Novel

 Arrow of God  Pamela

 Great Expectations
 The Rainbow
 Passage to India
 Wuthering Heights
 Crime and Punishment
 Animal Farm
 A Tale of A Tub
 An Ideal Husband
 Seize The Day
 A Golden Age
 Utopia
 The Vanity Fair
 Sense and Sensibility
 Love and Friendship
 War and Peace
 Treasure Island
 The Scarlet Letter
 An Unsocial Socialist
 Suicide
 Of Human Bondage
 The Good Earth
 The Grass is Singing
 The Birthday Party
 The Bluest Eye

Autobiography

 Mein Kampf
 India Wins Freedom
 A Bridge for Passing

Short Story

 Shooting an Elephant
 The Scrivener
 Hearts and Hand
 Young Goodman Brown
 The Ant and Grasshopper

Others

 The Rape of The Lock = Epic

 Dr. Faustus = Play
 a dolls house = Drama

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 Paradise Lost = Epic

 Waiting for Godot = Absurd Play

Dc‡ii 60wU bvg †`‡L f‡qi wKQy †bB| G¸‡jv Avjv`v gyL¯’ Ki‡Z n‡e bv| Avcbvi English Literature
covi mgq GB 60wU bvg cov n‡q hv‡e| Avwg ïay Avjv`v K‡i w`jvg hv‡Z cÖkœ Avm‡j `ªæZ DËi w`‡Z
c‡ib|

Writter of different countries

Novel, Poem and Short Story Gi gZ †jLK wb‡qI 'Find out the Odd One' cÖkœ Avm‡Z cv‡i|
GKwU D`vnib w`‡j cwi¯‹vi eyS‡Z cvi‡eb welqwU:
Q. Find out odd man from the below?
A) Leo Tolstoy B) Maxim Gorky
C) Fyodor Dostoyevsky D) Samuel Beckett
Answer: D) Samuel Beckett Kvib wZwb AvBwik †jLK Ges evwK Rb ivwkqvb †jLK| ZvB wb‡Pi
wKQy ¸iæZ¡c~b© †jLK‡`i bvg c‡o †djyb| Avkv Kiv hvq Kgb cv‡eb|

Scottish Writers

 Sir Walter Scott

 Louis Stevenson
 Carol Ann Duffy

Irish Writers

 W.B Yeats
 James Joyce
 William Congreve
 Samuel Beckett
 Thomas Moore

Russian Writers

 Maxim Gorky
 Leo Tolstoy
 Fyodor Dostoyevsky

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 Alexandaer Pushkin

Italian Writers

 Dante
 Niccolo Machiavelli
 Umberto Eco
 Luigi Pirandello

American Writer

 Walt Whitman
 Mark Twain
 Sylvia Plath
 Ernest Hemingway
 Robert Frost
 William Faulkner
 Emily Dickinson

Other Writers

 Octavio Paz = Mexican Writer

 William Goethe = German Writer
 Victor Hugo = French Writer
 Pablo Neruda = Canadian Writer
 Monica Ali = Bangladeshi Writer

Essayists, Critics, Dramatists, Poets & Novelists

A‡bK mgq Odd One Out bv e‡j cÖkœwU wfbœ ÷vB‡j Ki‡Z cv‡i| GKwU D`vnib w`‡j welqwU cwi¯‹vi
eySv hv‡e|
Q. Which person is an Essayist?
A) Francis Bacon B) P. B. Shelley
C) Thomas More D) Mathew Arnold
Answer: A) Francis Bacon| ZvB wb‡Pi wKQy UwcKm c‡o wbb|

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Some Essayists

 Francis Bacon  John Dryden

 Edmund Burke  Bertrand Russell

Some Critics

 Samuel Johnson  Mathew Arnold

 William Wordsworth  S. T. Coleridge
 P. B. Shelley  T. S. Eliot

Some Dramatists

 Ben Jonson  William Shakespeare

 W. B. Yeats  Jhon Webster
 Nicholas Udall  G. B. Show
 Thomas Kyd

Some Poets

 John Milton  John Keats

 Geoffrey Chaucer  Alfred Tennyson
 William Shakespeare  Robert Browning

Some Novelists

 Charles Dickens  James Joyce

 Jonathan Swift  Charlotte Bronte
 D. H. Lawrence  Thomas More
 E. M. Forster  Virginia Woolf

Pen name

Question Avm‡Z cv‡i Gfv‡e:

Q. Which one is the pen name of G. B. Shaw?
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a) Lee b) Curren Bell c) Captain Hercules Vinegar d) Joseph Conrad

Ans: a
ZvB wb‡P wKQz Pen bvg †`Iqv n‡jv:
 G.B. Shaw: Lee
 Wiliam Sidney Porter: O’Henry
 Jane Eyre: Curren Bell
 Henrey Fielding: Captain Hercules Vinegar
 Eric Arthur Blair: George Orwell

Elaboration of the name

Question Avm‡Z cv‡i Gfv‡e:

Q. ‘D.H. Lawrence’- Here D.H. means what?
a) David Herbert Lawrence b) David Hobes Lawrence
c) Daniel Herbert Lawrence d) None
Ans: a
ZvB wb‡Pi wKQz D`vniY c‡o ‡djyb-
 D.H. Lawrence: David Herbert Lawrence
 E.M. Forster: Edward Morgan Forster
 H.G. Wells: Herbert George Wells
 S.T. Coleridge: Samuel Taylor Coleridge
 T.S. Eliot: Thomas Stearns Eliot
 W.B. Yeats: William Butler Yeats
 P.B. Shelley: Pency Bysshe Shelley
 G.H. Shaw: George Bernard Shaw

Bs‡iRx M‡íi evsjv Abyev`

Question Avm‡Z cv‡i Gfv‡e:

Q. William Shakespeare Gi “Comedy of Errors” Gi evsjv Abyev‡`i bvg wK?
a) gyLiv igbx ekxKiY b) M„n`vn c) åvwšÍ wejvm d) bxj `c©Y
Ans: c
ZvB wb‡Pi wKQz D`vniY c‡o ‡djyb-
 William Shakespere “Comedy of Errors” - åvwšÍ wejvm (Ck¦iP›`ª we`¨vmvMi)
 William Shakespere “Taming of Shrew”- gyLiv igbx ekxKiY (gybxi †PŠayix)
 Thomas Hardy “A pair of Eyes”- M„n`vn (kirP›`ª P‡Ævca¨vq)
 Beecher Stows “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”- bxj `c©Y (`xbeÜz wgÎ)
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 Edgar Allan Poe “Apple of Discord”- cÙveZx (gvB‡Kj gaymy`b `Ë)

evsjv M‡íi Bs‡iRx Abyev`

Question Avm‡Z cv‡i Gfv‡e:

Q. iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ÒMxZvÄwjÓ Gi Bs‡iRx Abyev`-
a) Tree without roots b) The Unfinished Memoirs
c) Song Offerings c) None
Ans: c
ZvB wb‡Pi wKQz D`vniY c‡o ‡djyb-
 iex›`ªbv_ VvKz‡ii ÒMxZvÄwjÓ- Song Offerings (W.B. Yeats)
 ‰mq` Iqvjx Djøvn Gi ÒjvjmvjyÓ- Tree without roots
 RmxgDwχbi ÒbKkx Kuv_vi gvVÓ- The field of Embroidered Quilt (E.M. Millford)
 `xbeÜz wg‡Îi Òbxj `c©YÓ- The indigo planting tree (gvB‡Kj gaym~`b `Ë)
 e½yeÜz †kL gywReyi ingv‡bi ÒAmgvß AvZ¥RxebxÓ- The Unfinished Memoirs (Aa¨vcK dLiæj
Avjg)

Title of some writters

Name Title
William Shakespeare Bard of avon
Geoffery Chaucer Father of poetry/Father of English literature
Venerable Bade Father of English learning
Alfred the great The founder of English prose
John Wycliffe The father of English prose
G.B. Shaw The greatest modern dramatist
Francis Bacon The father of modern prose
P.B. Shelly Revolutionary poet
Lord Byron Rebel Poet
S.T. Coleridge Lake poet/Poet of supernaturalism
John Keats Poet of beauty
Alexander Pope Mock heroic poet
Henry Fielding Father of English novel
William Wordsworth Poet of nature
John Milton Master of epic
Charles Dickens Father of modern English Literature

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Hot collections

 Anglo Saxon Period †K Old English Period ejv nq|

 Beowulf nj Bs‡iRx‡Z Ab¨Zg cÖ_g `xN© KweZv|
 Caedmon Bs‡iRx mvwn‡Z¨ 'Earliest Poet' bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 Caedmon 'Milton of Anglo - Saxon period' bv‡gI cwiwPZ|
 Paraphrase wj‡LwQ‡jb Caedmon|
 Saint Venerable Bede Father of English Learning bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 Saint Venerable Bede †K 'Doctor of The Church' Dcvwa †`qv nq|
 King Alfred the Great 'Founder of English Prose' bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 Dark Age of English Literature 1400-1500 kZvãx‡K e‡j|
 John Wycliffe Father of English Prose bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 Geoffrey Chaucer Father of English Poem bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 Dante Father of The Italian Language bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 The Three Crowns n‡”Q Dante, Petrarch, Boccaccio|
 John Wycliffe Abyev` K‡ib The Holy Bible|
 John Wycliffe 'Morning Start of Reformation' bv‡g cwiwPZ|
 A Salient Feature of The Renaissance is Humanism|
 'Tottle's Miscellany' n‡”Q Renaissance Gi c«_g dmj|
 Nicholas Udall †K 'The Father of English Comedy' bv‡g WvKv nq|
 Elizabethan Period †K ejv nq Golden Age of Literature|
 Elizabethan Tragedy cÖwZ‡kva‡K †K›`ª K‡i ‰Zix|
 'Ralph Roister Doister' Bs‡iRx mvwn‡Z¨i cÖ_g bvUK|
 'Faerie Queene' n‡”Q Edmund Spenser Gi Amgvß †jLv|
 Edmund Spenser Ibvi 'The Shepherds Calender' Kve¨wU 'Sir Philip Sidney' †K DrmM©
K‡i‡Qb|
 Edmund Spenser 'Astrophel' wj‡Lb Sir Philip Sidney Gi g„Zy¨ Dcj‡ÿ¨|
 Sir Philip Sidney wQ‡jb Elizabethan Period Gi GKRb Critic|
 Christopher Marlowe †K Father of English Drama ejv nq|
 'To be or not to be that is the question' stated by Shakespeare in Hamlet|
 'Frailty thy name is woman' stated by Shakespeare in Hamlet|
 'There are nothing either good or bad but thinking makes it so' stated by
Shakespeare in Hamlet|

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 'When sorrows come, they come not single spices but in battalions' stated by
Shakespeare in Hamlet|
 'Home keeping youth have never homely wits' stated by Shakespeare in Two
Gentlemen of Venora|
 'All the world is a stage and all the men and women are merely players' stated
by Shakespeare in As You Like It|
 'Sweet are the uses of adversity' stated by Shakespeare in As You Like It|
 'All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand' stated by
Shakespeare in Macbeth|
 'Life's but a walking shadow, a poor player' stated by Shakespeare in Macbeth|
 'Veni vidi vici' stated by Shakespeare in Julius Caesar|
 'Some are born great, some achieve greatness and some have greatness thrust
upon them' stated by Shakespeare in Twelfth Night|
 Jacobean Period is corolate with King James 1|
 Father of metaphysical poetry n‡”Qb John Donne|
 Ben Jonson Comedy n‡”Q Medical Theory Gi mv‡_ mshy³|
 'The White Devil' Ges 'The Duchess of Malfi' wj‡L‡Qb John Webster|
 'To Daffodils' KweZvi g~j _xg short living of human being|
 Paradise Lost Gi g~j _xg justify the ways of God to men|
 'Better to reign in hell than serve in heaven' stated by Satan in Paradise Lost|
 'Childhood shows the man, as morning shows the days' stated by John Milton in
Paradise Regained|
 'The definition of love' KweZvwU wj‡L‡Qb Andrew Marvell|
 'The Garden' GKwU KweZv wj‡L‡Qb Andrew Marvell|
 Restoration Period is featured by Satirical|
 weL¨vZ eB 'Pilgrim's Progress' wj‡L‡Qb John Bunyan|
 'A Modest Proposal' n‡”Q Jonathan Swift Gi GKwU weL¨vZ †jLv|
 bvUK 'Love for Love' wj‡L‡Qb William Congreve|
 bvUK 'The Old Bachelor' wj‡L‡Qb William Congreve|
 Alexander Pope †K 'Mock Heroic Poet' ejv nq|
 'A little learning is a dangerous thing' stated by Alexander|
 'To error is human, forgive is Divine stated by Alexander|
 'Fools rush in where angels fear to tread' stated by Alexandar|
 Father of English Novel ejv nq Henry Fielding †K|
 Pen name of Henry Fielding n‡”Q 'Captain Hercules Vonegar'|
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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

 William Blake n‡”Qb GKRb Kwe Ges PviæKvi|

 'Precursor of the romantic movement' William Blake Gi †jLv|
 Lyrical Ballads Gi g‡a¨ Wordsworth Gi 19wU KweZv Ges Coleridge Gi 5wU KweZv
i‡q‡Q|
 Romantic Age g~j n‡”Q subjectivity|
 'The music in my heart I bore, long after it was heard no more' is stated by
Wordsworth in the Solitary Reaper|
 'Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings' stated by Wordsworth
in Lyrical Ballads|
 'Imagination is the soul of poetic genius' stated by Coleridge in Biographia
Literaria|
 'Poetry is the first and last of all knowledge' stated by Coleridge in Biographia
Literaria|
 Jane Austen n‡”Qb Romantic Age Gi GKRb anti romantic novelist|
 National poet of Russia wj‡L‡Qb Alexander Pushkin|
 'The falcon' bvUKwU wj‡L‡Qb Alfred Tennyson|
 'Jane Eyre' wj‡L‡Qb Charlotte Bronte|
 'Poetry is at bottom a criticism of life' stated by Mathew Arnold in 'The Study of
Poetry'|
 'Even science will appear incomplete without poetry' stated by Mathew Arnold|
 'Scholar Gipsy' KweZvwU wj‡L‡Qb Matew Arnold|
 Thomas Hardy n‡”Qb Pessimist Novelist|
 'Treasure Island' Dcb¨vmwU wj‡L‡Qb Robert Louis Stevenson|
 Novel 'Typhoon' wj‡L‡Qb Joseph Conrad|
 'Six and Sevens' wj‡L‡Qb O'henry|
 'The jungle book' KíKvwnbxwU wj‡L‡Qb 'Rudyard Kipling'|
 'The Ant and The Grasshopper' †QvU Dcb¨vmwU wj‡L‡Qb Somerset Maugham|
 'To the Light House' Dcb¨vmwU wj‡L‡Qb Virginia Woolf|
 'Usura' KweZvwU wj‡L‡Qb Ezra Pound|
 T.S. Eliot Zvi Objective Correlative gZev‡`i Rb¨ weL¨vZ|
 'Murder in The Cathedral' bvU‡Ki †jLK T.H. Eliot|
 'The sound and The Fury' Dcb¨v‡mi †jLK William Cuthbert Faulkner|
 †QvUMí 'Indian Camp' wj‡L‡Qb Ernest Hemingway|
 †QvUMí 'Shooting an Elephant' wj‡L‡Qb Orwell|
 'The Pyramid' wj‡L‡Qb Gerald Golding|
~ 195 ~
 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

 'Death of A Salesman' bvUKwUi †jLK Asher Miller|

 'The grass is singing' Dcb¨vmwU wj‡L‡Qb Doris Lessing|
 'Golden Notebook' Dcb¨v‡mi †jLK Doris Lessing|
 weL¨vZ eB 'White Gouse Diary' wj‡L‡Qb Jimmy Carter|
 'One Hundred Years of Solitude' Dcb¨v‡mi †jLK Garcia Marquez|
 'The tin drum' Dcb¨vmwU wj‡L‡Qb Gunter Grass|
 'Look Back in Anger' bvUKwU wj‡L‡Qb John Osborne|
 'The birthday party' Dcb¨v‡mi †jLK Harolf Pinter|
 'Arrow of God' Dcb¨vmwU wj‡L‡Qb Chinua Achebe|
 'The Bluest Eye' Dcb¨v‡mi †jLK Toni Morrison|
 'Morning song' KweZvwU wj‡L‡Qb Sylvia Path|
 'Idanre' KweZvi †jLK Wole Soyinka|
 'Mignights Children' Dcb¨vmwU Salman Rushdi wj‡L‡Qb|
 'Black Orchid', 'Ode on The Lungi', 'The Streets of Dhaka' KweZv¸‡jvi †jLK Kaiser
Hamidul Haq|
 weL¨vZ 'The Black Book' eBwU wj‡L‡Qb Orhan Pamuk|
 'The God of Small Things' wj‡L‡Qb Arundhuty Roy|
 'The Da Vinci Code' wj‡L‡Qb Dan Brown|
 †QvUMí 'A Temporary Matter' wj‡L‡Qb Jhumpa Lahiri|
 'The Inheritance of Loss' Dcb¨v‡mi †jLK Kiran Desai|
 'The White Tiger' Dcb¨vmwUi †jLK Arbinda Adigaon|
 'A Golden Age' wj‡L‡Qb Tahmima Anam|
 William Sidney Porter Gi Pen Name O'henry|

35-40Zg wewmGm cÖkœ-DËi

35Zg wewmGm cÖkœ-DËi

 'All at once i saw a crowd, a host of golden daffodils' is said by Wordsworth.

 'Grahame Greene' is not a Nobel laureate.
 The play 'Arms And The Man' is by George Bernard Shaw.
 The climax of a plot is what happens at the height.
 Othello is a Shakespeare play about a moor.

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 English Literature Av‡jvKewZ©Kv

 In the 18th century the Mughal Empire begun to disintegrate.

 The poem 'Isle of Innisfree' is written by W B Yeats.
 Riders to the sea is a one act play.
 Christopher Marlowe belong to the Elizabethans period.
 'To be or not be that is the question' is a famous dialogue from Hamlet.
 'George Eliot' is odd man from Thomas Hardy , Joseph Conrad , James Joyce.
 'As I Lay Dying' is odd from the Bluest Eye, Sula, A Mercy.

36 Zg wewmGm cÖk-œ DËi

 'David Copperfield' is an Victorian novel.

 'Elegy Written In A Country Churchyard' is written by Thomas Gray.
 Shakespeare's measure for measure is a successful comedy.
 The romantic age in English literature began with the publication of preface to
lyrical ballads.
 'The Return Of The Native' is written by Thomas Hardy.
 'Frailty Thy Name Is Woman' is a famous dialogue from William Shakespeare.
 The poem 'The Solitary Reaper' is written by William Wordsworth.
 'The Merchant Of Venice' is a Shakespearean play about a Jew.
 the play 'Candida' is by - G B Shaw.
 S.T Coleridge belongs to the Romantic period in English Literature.
 The climax of a plot is what happens at the height.
 London Town is found a living being in the works of Charles Dickens.
 ‘Child Is The Father Of Man' is taken form the poem of William Wordsworth.
 Man is a political animal -- said by Aristotle.
 William Wordsworth is known as 'The poet of nature' in English Literature.
 A passage to India is written by E M Forster.
 Gitanjali of Rabindranath Tagore was translated by W B Yeats.
 W B Yeats is not a novelist.

37 Zg wewmGm cÖk-œ DËi

 Cassandra is a night owl, so she doesn't usually getup until about 11 am.
 'Gerontion' is a poem by T S Eliot.
 Tempest is Shakespeare last play.
 Poem 'Elegy’ Written In A Country Churchyard' is written by Thomas Gray.
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 Play 'Volpone' is written by Ben Jonson.

 Shakespeare composed much of his plays in Iambic Pentameter Verse.
 The Repetition of beginning consonant Sound is known as – alliteration.
 The comic is not a poetic tradition.
 Funny poem of five lines is called Limerick.
 Biographia Literaria is written by ST Coleridge.
 Robert Browning was a Victorian poet.
 Othello gave Desdemona handkerchief as a token of love.
 PB Shelley's 'Adonais' is an elegy on the death of John Keats.
 The comparison of unlike things using the words like on as is known to be
Simile.
 Restoration period in English Literature refers to 1660.
 ‘The sun also rise’ is a novel written by 'Earnest Hemingway‘.

38 Zg wewmGm cÖk-œ DËi

 The Elizabethean age is known as the golden age of English Literature.

 Jacobean period of English Literature refers to 1603-1625.
 ''Alone, alone, all , all alone, alone on a wide , wide sea'' lines present in 'The
rime of the ancient mariner‘.
 For GODS sake hold your tongue and let me love -- is written by John Donne.
 GB Shaw is the author of 'Man and superman‘.
 The most famous satirist in English literature is Jonathan Swift.
 John Milton wrote as Epic.
 The literary term 'Euphemism' means in offensive expression.
 Alexander Pope is not a Victorian poet.
 The play 'The Spanish Tragedy' is written by Thomas Kyd.
 R K Narayan is a famous Indian novelist.

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39 Zg wewmGm cÖk-œ DËi

 To be or not to be that is the question is a famous soliloquy from Hamlet.

 A Christmas Carol is a short novel by Charles Dickens.

40 Zg wewmGm cÖkœ-DËi

 ‘The Rape of the Lock’ by Alexander Pope is a mock-heroic poem.

 Robert Frost, Emily Dickinson, Langston Hughes are American poets.
 William Shakespeare was born in 1564.
 Tennyson’s ‘In Memoriam’ is an elegy on the death of Arthur Henry Hallam.
 ‘Sweet Helen make me imortal with a kiss’. The sentence has been taken from
the play “Doctor Faustus”.
 “What’s in a name? That which we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet.”- Juliet said this.
 “Man’s love is of man’s life a think apart, this woman’s whole existance.” This
sentence is taken from the poem of Lord Byron.
 Edward Fitzgerald translated the “Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam” into English.
 “Ulysses” is a novel written by James Joyce.
 The short story “The Diamond Necklace” was written by Guy de Maupassant.
 “All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand.” - said by Lady
Macbeth.
 “Where are the songs of Spring? Aye, Where are they?
Think not of them, thou hast thy music too.” - Wrote by John Keats.
 Heathcliff is the central character of “Wuthering Heights” by Emily Bronte.
 “The old order changeth, yielding place to new.” -This line is extracted from
Tennyson’s poem.
 “The Good-Morrow” is written by John Donne.

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